Method for operating radio network, and transmitter and receiver

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a radio network of the TS (packet splitting) narrowband series, comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1 + n) and at least one receiver (20), a message in the form of a packet (DP) is split in the uplink by a transmitter (10) of a radio node (FK1-FK1 + n) into individual sub-packets (C1-C1 + M), and the sub-packets (C1-C1 + M) are each continuously transmitted in the uplink as a radio burst (FB) in a hopping mode (SM) to a radio receiver (20), the sub-packets (C1-C1 + M) of the hopping mode (SM) being sub-packets of a frame, the present invention relates to a method for controlling the hopping pattern (SM) of data packets, in particular sub-packets of a core frame (CF), each sub-packet (C1-C1 + M) comprising a pilot sequence (PS), and the hopping pattern (SM) being a time hopping pattern and / or a frequency hopping pattern. In order to be able to more easily use the energy buffer, the hopping pattern (SM) is designed such that the total number of frames or radio bursts (FB) of a frame is greater than the coherence time, and the frequency and / or time of the radio bursts (FB) of a frame is adjusted in the receiver (20) based on the frequency and / or time hypothesis.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a method for operating a radio network, preferably a TS (Segmentation Message) narrowband series radio network. Furthermore, this invention relates to transmitters and receivers of radio nodes, each operating according to this method within the radio network.

[0002] This invention relates to radio networks, for example, those described in the ETSI TS 103 357 V1.1.1 (2018 / 06) standard. These are radio networks using unlicensed frequency bands. In such networks, a large number of radio nodes (particularly end nodes) are provided, which communicate only with receiving radio nodes (e.g., so-called base stations or gateways) via radio, either on the uplink or on both the uplink and downlink. Radio nodes can be sensor devices for acquiring any kind of data, actuator devices for performing specific actions or measures, or a combination of sensor and actuator devices. Such radio nodes operate using a dedicated (i.e., autonomous) non-rechargeable, hardwired, long-life battery with a limited lifespan depending on the node's individual energy consumption and is non-rechargeable, requiring replacement at the end of its lifespan. Under normal circumstances, such a battery can be used for at least ten years of "field" service life until it becomes necessary to replace it.

[0003] To transmit messages or data packets (messages) via a radio node, energy from the battery must be kept in an energy buffer so that the energy consumer (e.g., the transmitter or transceiver module of the radio node) has the necessary energy for transmission. To transmit messages or data packets, the latter are broken down into individual sub-data packets, which are then transmitted as radio bursts in the uplink in hopping patterns (including time and / or frequency hopping patterns). For this purpose, data packets are divided into so-called core frames and extended frames, both of which are further divided into individual sub-data packets. Each sub-data packet of the core frame contains a pilot sequence for synchronization with the receiver. For successful decoding of the data packet, the hopping pattern used to transmit the packet must be known to the receiver.

[0004] The regular hopping patterns of sub-data packets or radio bursts used in core frames pose a challenge to the energy buffers of transmitting radio nodes, as the voltage must not fall below a certain threshold during short-interval discharges. For this reason, expensive hybrid layer capacitors (HLCs) had previously been required as energy buffers. Therefore, there is a persistent need for such methods used to operate radio nodes to be able to use cheaper electrolytic capacitors.

[0005] Recorded existing technology

[0006] WO 2018 / 188814 A2 has disclosed the use of separate hopping modes for message splitting methods. The separate hopping modes proposed therein depend on the operating parameters of the data transmitter under discussion. In this case, consecutive radio bursts can also be combined into clusters.

[0007] Document EP 3 649 758 B1 describes a data transmitter designed to transmit data using a first hopping pattern in a first mode and repeat the process using a second hopping pattern. Furthermore, the data transmitter is designed to transmit data once using a third hopping pattern in a second mode, where the hopping patterns of the first and second modes are different. In this case, the data transmitter is designed to select the first and second hopping patterns from a set of hopping patterns, and select the third hopping pattern from a second set of hopping patterns. There is temporal and frequency coherence between the transmissions of the first and second hopping patterns.

[0008] DE 10 2022 101 405 A1 describes a method for operating nodes in a radio network, wherein extended pauses are inserted between clusters of radio bursts in hopping modes. According to alternatives, pausing can also be chosen to place them outside of coherent time.

[0009] The purpose of this invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to improve a general method so that a cheaper energy buffer can be used in radio nodes.

[0011] Achievement of the goal

[0012] The aforementioned objective is achieved by the method claimed in claim 1 and dependent claims 9, 11, and 13. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. Regarding transmitters or receivers in radio networks, this objective is achieved by dependent claims 19 and 20.

[0013] Because the hopping mode is configured such that the total number of frames or radio bursts (e.g., a core frame with 24 radio bursts) is greater than the coherence time, and because the frequency and / or time are readjusted in the receiver based on frequency and / or time assumptions, the receiver can maximize synchronization based on the received energy of the pilot sequence of the radio bursts. The frequency and / or time assumptions include the assumption that the time or frequency error of the radio node's time or frequency reference device (time crystal or radio crystal) is represented as the time / frequency offset of the frame's radio bursts. By taking the frequency and / or time assumptions into account, hopping modes outside the coherence time can be used. Such hopping modes, in turn, allow for effective reduction of the load on the radio node's energy buffer. This means that much cheaper energy buffers can be used. On the other hand, with minimal cost in the form of only a slight increase in computational power, sufficient reception of messages or packets that would otherwise be practically unreceiveable in a message splitting method can be guaranteed.

[0014] The coherence time is one-quarter (0.25) of the symbol duration divided by the permissible timing error of the time reference device on the transmitter side. According to one embodiment of the invention, the coherence time can be 5.25 s. This coherence time is derived from a maximum permissible timing error (“quartz crystal error”) of 20 ppm for a time reference device on the transmitter side, assuming a coherence time of 105.0256 µs (e.g., one-quarter of the symbol duration in a UL of 2380.371 sym / s).

[0015] Preferably, the frequency and / or time assumptions are derived based on the rising and / or falling frequencies of the timer crystal or frequency crystal of the radio node. The timer crystal and frequency crystal of the radio node can be implemented using two separate quartz crystals or using a single crystal.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the invention, readjustment is performed using only a subset of the total set of assumed possible frequencies and / or time offsets.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the invention, during readjustment, only a subset of the total set of radio bursts of the frame (e.g., a subset combined into blocks) can be used, preferably at least one second subset that follows the first subset in time. This can save computation time and thus energy.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the invention, the total set of radio bursts of a frame can be divided into multiple blocks, and readjustment regarding frequency and / or time can be performed block by block. For example, depending on how much the frame duration exceeds the coherence time, the 24 radio bursts of the frame can be divided into two blocks, each containing 12 radio bursts, or into three blocks, each containing 8 radio bursts. Preferably, for readjustment, the total number of radio bursts of the frame can be divided into separate blocks (e.g., dividing the 24 radio bursts into three blocks, each containing 8 radio bursts).

[0019] Preferably, to readjust the block time, no offset, offset +T / x, or offset -T / x can be performed, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number.

[0020] Alternatively or additionally, in order to readjust the frequency of the block, one may perform no offset, increase the frequency by +yF, or decrease the frequency by -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the invention, for time readjustment, the first block may not be offset, the second block may be offset by +T / x or -T / x, and the third block (B3) may be offset by +T / x or -T / x, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number. Alternatively or additionally, for performing readjustment, the frequency of the first block may not be offset, the frequency of the second block may be offset by +yF or -yF, and the frequency of the third block (B3) may be offset by +yF or -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number. The product of the possible time and frequency offsets represents the maximum possible number of radio bursts in the frame.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the invention, the amount of time offset readjustment for a block (e.g., the second of three blocks) relative to a subsequent block (e.g., the third of three blocks) can be between 0 and T / 4, where T is the symbol duration. Alternatively or additionally, the readjustment of frequency offset between two subsequent blocks (e.g., the first and second of three blocks) can be between 0 and 10 Hz.

[0023] According to another embodiment (also specified in the dependent claims), when the total number of radio bursts in a frame in a hopping mode is 24, every three radio bursts are grouped into a cluster, and the time interval between the radio bursts in each cluster is sized such that the total number of radio bursts in a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time. Alternatively, clusters are not formed such that the time interval between radio bursts is sized such that the total number of radio bursts in a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time. A “cluster” is defined as an arrangement of multiple adjacent radio bursts in a hopping mode having equal time intervals between bursts.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the invention, the time interval between the first and second radio bursts of a corresponding cluster comprising three radio bursts can be 1483 symbols in length. Within this range, and the time interval can preferably be 1483 symbols long. Furthermore, the time interval between the second and third radio bursts of the corresponding cluster can be 1683 symbols long. Within the range, and the time interval can preferably be 1683 symbols in length.

[0025] According to embodiments of the present invention (which are also specified in the dependent claims), the time jump pattern defined in claim 11 can be used.

[0026] Advantageously, the symbol includes a symbol duration of 1 / (K*2380.371), where K is an integer. The deviation is preferably... Specifically, a symbol duration of 420.10 µs is provided.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the invention, the frequency hopping pattern defined in claim 12 can be consistently used in different frequency hopping patterns. The frequency hopping pattern defined in claim 13 corresponds to the frequency hopping pattern defined in ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06), and because of the same frequency hopping pattern, different time hopping patterns are made as orthogonal as possible to each other. This results in less overlap between radio bursts of the hopping pattern (time hopping pattern) according to the invention and radio bursts of the time hopping pattern in the ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard. This results in less interference.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the invention (which is also specified in the dependent claims), all radio bursts of a frame may have the same time interval with each other, and / or the time interval between two adjacent radio bursts may be in the range of 0.567 s to 0.757 s, and / or the duration of the frame may be in the range of 14.96 s to 15.32 s. Within these ranges, readjustment can be successfully performed in the receiver.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver can preferably simultaneously search for hopping patterns where the total number of radio bursts in its frames or frames is greater than the coherence time (i.e., outside the coherence time), and hopping patterns where the total number of radio bursts in its frames or frames is within the coherence time. This allows radio nodes with energy buffers of different performance to operate in public radio networks.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver can determine the occurrence or reception frequency of a corresponding hopping pattern as part of statistical data collection. Preferably, the receiver can adapt its search behavior based on the determined frequency of the corresponding hopping pattern, for example, by enhancing its search for hopping patterns where the total number of frames or radio bursts of such hopping pattern is greater than the coherence time.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the invention, the transmitter of a radio node in the uplink can send a message related to an energy buffer (high-quality energy buffer or low-quality energy buffer) to the receiver, thereby allowing the receiver to specify a search for the relevant coherent or incoherent hopping mode.

[0032] The present invention also relates to transmitters and receivers for operating a radio network, preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, configured to operate according to the method described in claims 1 to 19.

[0033] Description of the invention based on exemplary embodiments

[0034] Examples of advantageous embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 A highly simplified schematic diagram of a radio network (preferably an SRD radio network) for applying the method according to the invention is shown;

[0036] Figure 2 A highly simplified schematic diagram showing an example of the functional elements included in a node of a radio network;

[0037] Figure 3 It shows that according to Figure 2 An example of the circuit configuration for the energy buffer of a node;

[0038] Figure 4 An exemplary plot of the current draw and operating voltage of a node’s energy buffer as a function of time is shown when transmitting data packets in the uplink and downlink.

[0039] Figure 5 An example of a radio burst of individual sub-data packets forming a data packet in the uplink is shown;

[0040] Figure 6 An example of a frequency-time jump pattern for transmitting radio bursts is shown;

[0041] Figure 7 The structure of a single radio burst is shown;

[0042] Figure 8A first example of readjusting a radio burst in a receiver according to the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 9 Another example of readjusting a radio burst in a receiver according to the invention is shown;

[0044] Figure 10 A highly simplified diagram of a network according to the invention, having a receiver capable of searching for different hopping modes with respect to the load of an energy buffer, is shown; and

[0045] Figure 11 A highly simplified diagram of a network according to the invention, having a hopping pattern forming clusters, each containing three adjacent radio bursts, is shown.

[0046] Figure 1 A radio network 100 is illustrated, preferably of the type defined in the ETSI TS 103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard. It comprises multiple individual, autonomously powered radio nodes FK1-FK1+n and a receiver 20. The radio nodes FK1-FK1+n are, in particular, sensor devices, actuators, or combinations thereof for so-called IoT applications. In this arrangement, data from the individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n is transmitted to the receiver 20 via radio transmitter 9 (uplink) and / or data is transmitted from the receiver 20 to the individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n via radio transmitter 9 (downlink). The individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n are within the transmission or reception range of their respective receivers 20.

[0047] Radio nodes FK1-FK1+n can be, for example, water meters, gas meters, electricity meters, or energy meters. Receiver 20 can be a base station, data collector, gateway, or another radio node.

[0048] The data received by receiver 20 from radio nodes FK1-FK1+n can then be transmitted to headend 30 or a data center via suitable data transmission device 11. Data transmission device 11 can be, for example, a cellular connection or an internet connection, or a combination thereof. Data transmission by radio transmission 9 is performed via packet splitting in narrowband, preferably in ultra-narrowband, and particularly preferably in the context of so-called packet splitting (TS-UMB series). The uplink typically involves primarily the transmission of user data generated in individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n and operational data (e.g., pilot sequences) for individual nodes. The data provided by headend 30 to receiver 20 via data transmission device 11 and transmitted to radio nodes FK1-FK1+n in the downlink via radio transmission 9 mainly consists of configuration data, operating system data for individual nodes, software updates, etc.

[0049] Figure 2 An exemplary structure for nodes FK1-FK1+n used in the method according to the invention is shown. Radio node FK1 includes a microprocessor 14, a transmitter 10 or transceiver, and an antenna 17 for transmitting or receiving radio signals from radio transmission 9. Furthermore, nodes FK1-FK1+n include a memory 15, a battery 12, and an energy buffer 13. Battery 12 is preferably a so-called long-life battery, i.e., a non-rechargeable battery, which supplies power to node FK1 throughout its entire lifespan until it must be replaced. Assuming normal power consumption, such a long-life battery has a lifespan of more than 10 years. Power for the microprocessor 14, transmitter 10, transceiver, or memory 15 is supplied via the energy buffer 13 upstream of battery 12, which discharges accordingly upon energy demand and then recharges from the battery. The aforementioned components of node FK1, such as, for example, the microprocessor 14, transmitter 10 or transceiver, antenna 16, and / or memory 15, can also be combined in component parts.

[0050] Reference numeral 16 in the figure refers to a time reference device in the form of a quartz crystal, which is preferably provided both as a time measuring device (i.e., used as a time reference) and for generating a carrier signal. Receiver 20 or the base station is similarly equipped with a quartz crystal (not shown in the figure) that generates a clock for the carrier signal at the carrier frequency of the radio signal transmitted by receiver 20 and is responsible for time measurement there. The two crystals differ in their accuracy. The crystal of receiver 20 has an accuracy of approximately 2 ppm, while crystal 16 is specified to have an accuracy of approximately 20 ppm.

[0051] As from Figure 3 As can be seen, battery 12 has a certain internal resistance 18. Microprocessor 14 and transmitter 10 or transceiver form a "consumer" of the energy stored in energy buffer 13. If the energy stored in energy buffer 13 is consumed by microprocessor 14 or transmitter 10 or transceiver, for example, due to the transmission of data packets (messages), then energy buffer 13 discharges for a certain period of time until it is recharged by battery 12. This results in a voltage drop in energy buffer 13. The voltage drop depends on the energy required by the consumer. The following example illustrates the voltage drop and recharging of energy buffer 13:

[0052]

[0053] Initial voltage U t1 = 3.6V, current pulse t on = 10 ms, current I = 20 mA and capacitor C = 860 μF generate a new voltage U t2= 3.367 V. After the "consumer" has finished drawing current, the energy buffer 7 is slowly charged from the battery 6.

[0054]

[0055] Initial voltage U t1 = 3.367V, recovery period t off = 150 ms, internal resistance of the battery A new voltage U is generated by a capacitor C = 860μF. t3 = 3.404 V.

[0056] The electronics at node FK1 require a stable voltage from energy buffer 13 to operate. A stable voltage is understood to mean a minimum voltage or voltage threshold that must not be lowered during operation. For example, the minimum voltage for a typical radio node is in the range of 2.7 to 3.0 V.

[0057] To better understand, Figure 4 The upper figure shows an example of the current curve for message transmission in the uplink under the conventional message splitting method on the left, and an example of the current curve for a node receiving all sub-data packets in the downlink under the same conventional message splitting method on the right. The message splitting method means dividing a data packet (message or message) into individual sub-data packets, and each sub-data packet is continuously transmitted as a radio burst (FB), received by receiver 20, and reassembled to form information about the data packet. The time interval T_RB used for continuously retransmitting sub-data packets is typically about 150 ms on average in the uplink and about 220 ms in the downlink. Therefore, in Figure 4 In the upper left, 24 current pulses at the indicated level were drawn from the energy buffer 13 within the indicated time.

[0058] Subdata packets can typically be sent over a single frequency channel, or alternatively, individually over multiple different frequencies or frequency channels during a so-called frequency hopping process.

[0059] As from Figure 4 As can be seen, in the conventional method, energy buffer 13 is heavily discharged due to the transmission of data packets in the uplink, and is only recharged to above the operating voltage threshold V_min of approximately 2.9V when the battery 12 charges it during a 0.37 s pause. When the node's receiver receives data packets in the downlink, energy buffer 7 is again heavily discharged. It is then recharged again, which does not... Figure 4As shown in the upper part of the diagram, energy buffer 13 remains below the operating voltage threshold V_min line for a considerable period during both the uplink and downlink. So far, so-called hybrid layer capacitors (HLCs) have typically been used to prevent over-discharge. HLCs are expensive.

[0060] Figure 5 A portion of a so-called message splitting method is illustrated, where, for example, according to ETSI TS103 357V1.1.1 (2018-06), a data packet DP intended to be transmitted in the uplink by the corresponding radio nodes FK1–FK1+n is divided (i.e., “split”) into separate sub-data packets C1 to C1+m and E1 to E1+n. To transmit the data packet DP, it is first divided into a frame in the form of a so-called core frame CF and another frame in the form of a so-called extended frame EF, where the extended frame EF typically contains at least substantially user data, and the core frame CF contains at least substantially signaling or control information, particularly the so-called pilot sequence. For transmission, the data in the extended frame EF is divided into separate sub-data packets E1 to E1+n. Similarly, in the uplink, the data in the core frame CF is divided into sub-data packets C1 to C1+m, as follows... Figure 5 As shown in the image.

[0061] Adjacent radio bursts are separated by a time interval T_RB, such as Figure 5 An example of two radio bursts (FBs) for the core frame is shown.

[0062] In the ETSI TS 103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard, the pause between core frames and extended frames is limited to... In conventional radio systems, block B in the downlink typically comprises 18 radio bursts or sub-data packets E1-E18. Block pauses are usually set between corresponding blocks. In the ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) radio standard, based on a symbol rate of 2,380,371 sym / s, this block pause can last for a maximum of 7,168 symbols. This corresponds to a time value of 3.011 seconds.

[0063] Typically, block B in the uplink frames 24 radio bursts or sub-data packets E1-E24.

[0064] The common hopping patterns, such as those in ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06), necessitate the use of high-quality, and therefore expensive, energy buffers.13 Frequency / time hopping patterns commonly used in packet splitting methods... Figure 6The hopping mode SMK is schematically illustrated in the diagram. In this mode, sub-data packets C1-C1+m of the core frame CF are transmitted from transmitter 10 to receiver 20 in the form of continuous radio bursts FB using different carrier frequencies according to a specified frequency / time hopping pattern. The transmission occurs within the coherence time. Figure 6 In the hopping mode SM shown, the message frames a total of 24 radio bursts (FBs).

[0065] Figure 7 An example of the structure of a radio burst FB (C1) is shown. The radio burst FB of the core frame CF consists of two data sequences and a pilot sequence PS, which is used for synchronization. The pilot sequence PS consists of 12 bits.

[0066] To protect the energy buffer 13 of radio nodes FK1-FK1+n, according to the present invention, it is proposed to use a hopping mode SM outside the coherence time. The coherence time is the time during which a transmitted radio burst FB can still be used by the receiver 20 without needing to readjust the frequency or time. The coherence time is defined by specifying the maximum time error as a fraction of the symbol duration (e.g., 0.25). The coherence time t (UL) depends on the frequency accuracy of the crystal and can be expressed as follows:

[0067]

[0068] 20 ppm corresponds to a specified frequency accuracy for the uplink signal transmitted by radio nodes FK1-Fk1+n. The value 105.0256 µs is one-quarter of the symbol duration in UL (2380.371 sym / s).

[0069] Using a transition mode outside the coherent time means that frequency and / or time readjustment must be performed in receiver 20 to ensure satisfactory reception. According to the invention, this readjustment is performed based on frequency and / or time hypotheses.

[0070] Figure 8 An example is shown where 24 radio bursts (FBs) are transmitted at the same time interval T_RB. In this case, the time interval T_RB between adjacent radio bursts (FBs) is so large that the load on the energy buffer 13 of radio nodes Fk1-FK1+n is small, allowing for the advantageous use of a cheaper energy buffer 13 in this hopping mode SM. (See from...) Figure 8 It can be clearly seen that the duration of the transmission of 24 radio bursts (FB) (e.g., 10 s) is roughly twice as long as the coherence time (5.25 s).

[0071] To make the assumptions, the entire duration of the core frame CF (e.g., 10 s) is divided into coherence times (5.25 s), resulting in, for example, two blocks B1 and B2. According to the invention, only the radio burst FB of block B2 can now be readjusted, i.e., a subset of the total set of radio burst FBs. The radio burst FB of block B2 is a subset of the radio burst FBs that temporally follows the first block B1 of the radio burst FBs. Regarding the readjustment, three assumptions can be made, such as: time has not yet elapsed, time is elapsed in the negative direction, and time is elapsed in the positive direction. For this reason, in receiver 20, the latter half of the core frame CF, i.e., block B2, is either retained in time position, or shifted in the negative direction, or shifted in the positive direction. Thus, the three assumptions produce three possibilities: possibility 1 is no shift, possibility 2 is a shift opposite to the time direction, e.g., by -T / 4, and possibility 3 is a shift in the time direction, e.g., by +T / 4. T is the symbol duration. According to ETSITS 103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06), it is equal to 1 / 2380.317 s. Due to the described measures, the receiver is in the process of maximizing the synchronization energy based on the pilot sequence PS because it must perform readjustment based on the described assumptions.

[0072] Figure 9 Another variation of the method according to the invention is shown, wherein, for example, since the duration of the core frame roughly corresponds to three times the length of the coherence time, the radio burst FB of the core frame CF is divided into three blocks B1, B2, and B3. In this case, specific offsets are also defined with respect to individual blocks B1, B2, and B3. For example, with respect to block B1, offsets in time or frequency that should not occur are specified. With respect to the second block B2, offsets are further defined three times for each case of time and frequency, which for time include 0, -T / 4, +T / 4, and for frequency include, for example, the assumptions of 0 Hz, +5 Hz, -5 Hz. With respect to the third block B3, further offsets are added, such as -T / 2 and +T / 2 or -10 Hz and +10 Hz.

[0073] According to one aspect of the invention, instead of using all possible offsets, only a subset of them are used. Accordingly, for example, the following offsets {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, T / 4}, {0, 0, -T / 4}, {0, T / 4, T / 4}, {0, T / 4, T / 2}, {0, -T / 4, 0}, {0, -T / 4, -T / 4}, {0, -T / 4, -T / 2}, {0, T / 4, 0}, {0, -T / 4, 0} are used for time, while the following assumptions {0, 0, T / 2}, {0, 0, -T / 2}, {0, T / 4, -T / 4}, {0, T / 4, -T / 2}, {0, -T / 4, T / 4}, {0, -T / 4, T / 2} are not used.

[0074] The corresponding process can also be used for frequency readjustment. For this purpose, the total number of 24 radio bursts (FB) in the core frame (CF) can also be divided into 3 blocks (B1-B3) each containing 8 radio bursts, wherein in this case, the offsets {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 5Hz}, {0, 0, -5Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 5Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 10Hz}, {0, -5Hz, 0}, {0, -5Hz, -5Hz}, {0, -5Hz, -10Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 0} are preferred instead of the offsets {0, 0, 10Hz}, {0, 0, -10Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 0}, {0, 5Hz, -5Hz}, {0, 5Hz, -10Hz}, {0, -5 Hz, 5Hz}, {0, -5Hz, 10Hz}.

[0075] This invention enables efficient searching of transition patterns SM outside the coherence time in receiver 20 with manageable computational effort.

[0076] like Figure 10 As illustrated schematically, a TS (Message Split) narrowband radio network can operate with multiple radio nodes FK1-FK1+n, where some radio nodes (e.g., radio nodes FK3 and FK1+n) transmit the core frame CF via a hopping mode SMK within the coherent time, while some radio nodes (e.g., radio node FK1) transmit a hopping mode SM outside the coherent time. Receiver 20 is capable of searching for different hopping modes SM and SMK (preferably simultaneously) and performing synchronization.

[0077] The corresponding hopping mode SM outside the coherence time can be configured such that the time interval T_RB between the first and second radio bursts (FB1, FB2) of the corresponding cluster (CL1-CL8) is 1483 symbols long. Within the range, or equal to 1483 symbol lengths, where the time interval T_RB between the second and third radio bursts (FB2, FB3) of the corresponding cluster (CL) is within 1683 symbol lengths. Within the range, or equal to the length of 1683 symbols, see [reference]. Figure 11 The time interval T_RB between the intermediate radio bursts can be changed.

[0078] Advantageously, transition modes SM (time transition modes) that do not correspond to coherence requirements, as defined in the table below, can be used as transition modes:

[0079]

[0080] Table 1: Incoherent Jump Modes (SM)

[0081] Each time jump pattern comprises 23 jumps, and each entry in the table indicates the time interval T_RB(s) from the reference point of the corresponding radio burst to the same reference point of the immediately following radio burst, in symbols (e.g., symbols with a symbol duration of 1 / 2380.371 s per symbol), where each row in rows 1 to 8 of the table is a time jump pattern.

[0082] Preferably, in combination with the above-mentioned hopping mode SM, a frequency hopping mode defined by the following table is used:

[0083]

[0084] Table 2: Unified Frequency Hopping Modes for SM and SMK

[0085] Each frequency hopping mode consists of 24 hops, and each entry in the table represents the transmission frequency C of the frequency hopping mode. RB (s) or frequency channels, where each row in rows 1 to 8 of the table is a frequency hopping pattern, and where each column in the table is a hop starting from the second hop of the corresponding frequency hopping pattern. The ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard has specified this frequency hopping pattern for the coherent hopping pattern SMK. Because a uniform frequency hopping pattern is used, the different time hopping patterns SM and SMK are made as orthogonal as possible to each other. This results in less overlap between radio bursts of the hopping pattern (time hopping pattern) according to the present invention and radio bursts of the time hopping pattern in the ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard. This results in less interference.

[0086] Receiver 20 can determine and / or store the frequency at which the corresponding hopping mode SM or SMK occurs or is received, and adapt its search behavior based on the determined frequency of the corresponding hopping mode SM or SMK.

[0087] Alternatively, the transmitter 10 in the uplink can be configured to send a message related to the energy buffer to the receiver 20, whereby the receiver 20 limits its search based on the appropriate type of hopping mode SM or SMK. For example, the message could contain information that the relevant radio node (e.g., FK1) has a less powerful energy buffer 13. The receiver 20 then directs its search towards the non-time-coherent hopping mode SM.

[0088] Alternatively, a non-time-coherent transition mode (SM) without clusters can be formed instead of forming clusters. In this case, all radio bursts in the core frame can have the same time interval.

[0089] The time interval T_RB between two adjacent radio bursts is preferably in the range of 0.567 s to 0.757 s. The duration of the core frame in the time-coherent transition mode (SM) is preferably in the range of 14.96 s to 15.32 s. Within these ranges, successful readjustment can be achieved in the receiver.

[0090] The characteristics of the method described according to the invention relate to communication in the uplink (UL) between radio nodes FK1-FK1+n and receiver 20, and are dedicated to radio bursts of the core frame CF.

[0091] This invention enables the use of non-time-coherent hopping mode (SM) in TS (Message Splitting) narrowband radio networks. This allows for the use of a less expensive energy buffer (13). For this reason, production costs can be reduced while maintaining uplink communication capabilities between radio nodes and receivers. This invention therefore constitutes a significant contribution to the related technical field. List of reference numerals

[0092] FK1, FK1+n nodes

[0093] 9. Radio transmission

[0094] 10 Transmitters

[0095] 11 Data Transmission Device

[0096] 12 batteries

[0097] 13 Energy Buffer

[0098] 14 microprocessors

[0099] 15. Memory

[0100] 16 Quartz Crystal (Time)

[0101] 17 antennas

[0102] 18 Internal Resistance

[0103] 20 receivers

[0104] 30 head end

[0105] 100 Short-Range Radio Networks

[0106] CF core frame

[0107] EF extended frames

[0108] CL1-CL8 clusters

[0109] C1-C1+m sub-data packets of the core frame

[0110] Radio bursts in FB1-FB24 core frames

[0111] The time interval between two radio bursts in the T_RB core frame

[0112] PS pilot sequence

[0113] CRB transmission frequency

[0114] Blocks B1-B3

[0115] SM non-temporally coherent transition mode

[0116] SM time coherence jump mode

Claims

1. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode. The hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, and In the receiver (20), the frequency and / or time of the radio burst (FB) of the frame are readjusted based on frequency and / or time assumptions.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Only a subset of the total possible frequency and / or time offsets is used for the readjustment.

3. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The frequency and / or time assumptions are derived based on the rising and / or falling frequencies of the time crystal or frequency crystal of the radio nodes (FK1-FK1+n).

4. The method as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Only a subset of the total set of radio bursts (FB) of frames is readjusted with respect to frequency and / or time.

5. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The set of radio bursts (FB) of a frame is divided into multiple blocks, preferably three blocks (B1-B3), and a frequency and / or time readjustment is performed on at least one of the three blocks (B1-B3).

6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: To readjust the timing of block (B1-B3), either no offset, an offset of +T / x, or an offset of -T / x is performed, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number, and / or To readjust the frequency of block (B1-B3), either do not perform an offset, perform an increase in frequency +yF, or perform a decrease in frequency -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number.

7. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: To readjust the time, the first block (B1) is not offset, the second block (B2) is offset by +T / x or -T / x, and the third block (B3) is offset by +T / x or -T / x, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number, and / or In order to readjust the frequency, the frequency of the first block (B1) is not shifted, the frequency of the second block (B2) is shifted by +yF or -yF, and the frequency of the third block (B3) is shifted by +yF or -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number.

8. The method as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The amount of time offset readjustment for a block (e.g., B2) relative to a subsequent block (e.g., B3) is between 0 and T / 4, where T is the symbol duration, and / or the amount of frequency offset readjustment between two subsequent blocks (e.g., B1 and B2) is between 0 and 10 Hz.

9. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode, and The hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: In hop mode (SM), when the total number of radio bursts (FBs) in a frame is 24, each of the three radio bursts (FBs) forms a cluster (CL). The time interval (T_RB) between the radio bursts (FBs) in a cluster is determined to be such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) in the frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, or Clusters are not formed, and the time interval (T_RB) between radio bursts is determined to be sized such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The time interval (T_RB) between the first and second radio bursts (FB) of each cluster (CL) is 1483 symbols in length. Within the range, preferably equal to a length of 1483 symbols, and / or The time interval (T_RB) between the second and third radio bursts (FB) of each cluster (CL) is 1683 symbols long. Within the range, the preferred length is 1683 symbols.

11. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode, and, The hopping mode (SM) is preferably configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Use the time transition pattern defined in the table below as the transition pattern (SM): Each time transition pattern consists of 23 transitions. Each entry in the table indicates the time interval T_RB(s) between the reference point of the corresponding radio burst and the same reference point of the immediately following radio burst, in symbols. Each row in the table from 1 to 8 represents the time jump pattern.

12. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that... The symbol includes a symbol duration of 1 / (K*2380.371), where K is an integer.

13. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Use the frequency hopping pattern defined in the following table as the hopping mode (SM): Each frequency hopping mode includes 24 frequency channels. Each entry in the table represents the transmission frequency C of the frequency hopping mode. RB (s) or frequency channel, In the table, each row from 1 to 8 represents the frequency hopping pattern.

14. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode, and, The hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The radio bursts (FBs) of frames have equal time intervals between each other, and / or The time interval between two adjacent radio bursts (FBs) is in the range of 0.567 s to 0.757 s, and / or The duration of the frames ranged from 14.96 s to 15.32 s.

15. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The receiver (20) preferably simultaneously searches for a hopping mode (SM) in which the total number of radio bursts (FB) of its frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, and a hopping mode (SMK) in which the total number of radio bursts (FB) of its frame or frame is within the coherence time.

16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that... The receiver (20) determines the receiving frequency for the corresponding hopping mode (SM or SMK).

17. The method as described in claim 16, characterized in that... The receiver (20) adapts its search behavior to the frequency of the determined corresponding hopping mode (SM or SMK).

18. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The transmitter (10) sends a message related to the energy buffer to the receiver (20) in the uplink, thereby limiting the receiver (20) to the search for the switching mode (SM or SMK).

19. A transmitter (10) for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband radio network, characterized in that... The latter is configured to operate according to the method described in any of the preceding claims, or is configured to use the time jump mode as described in claim 11, particularly the time jump mode as described in claim 11 and the frequency jump mode as described in claim 13.

20. A receiver (20) for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband radio network, characterized in that... The latter is configured to operate in accordance with the method described in any of the preceding claims.

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