Multi-source immersion type ultrasonic composite laser fuse wire additive manufacturing gradient structure method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-source immersion type ultrasonic composite laser fuse wire additive manufacturing gradient structure method and device. The method comprises the steps that S1, the matching relation between gradient components and the wire feeding speed is established; s2, establishing a relationship between a wire melting amount and laser energy when wire-guided ultrasound is effectively conducted to a molten pool; s3, establishing a relationship between laser output energy and actual absorption energy of the material, and determining laser processing technological parameters; and S4, the material component proportion of each layer of the gradient structure is determined, the relation between the material components of each layer and the wire feeding speed is established, wire feeding, laser and ultrasonic process parameters are matched, and then wire guide ultrasonic composite laser fuse wire additive manufacturing is achieved through multi-wire cooperation. According to the method, uniform distribution of components in the dissimilar material additive manufacturing process can be achieved, and element segregation is inhibited; according to the precise control means for achieving gradient transition of the dissimilar materials through the multi-wire cooperation method, laser, ultrasonic and wire feeding parameters are regulated and controlled based on theoretical calculation, assembling and disassembling of equipment are not involved, and implementation is easy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing technology, specifically a method and apparatus for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures. Background Technology

[0002] Complex hot-end components of aero-engines and gas turbines are prone to fatigue cracks, corrosion, and wear due to their long-term operation in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and high-speed rotation. Single-material additive manufacturing cannot simultaneously meet the combined requirements of high temperature resistance and lightweight design. Therefore, additive manufacturing using dissimilar materials has become one of the current solutions for additive manufacturing of high-end equipment. Laser filament additive manufacturing technology uses metal filaments as additive materials and has advantages such as high material utilization, high deposition efficiency, and strong controllability. It has already been applied to the additive manufacturing of complex metal components. Furthermore, by using a multi-filament collaborative approach, dissimilar materials can be directly deposited and shaped, thereby achieving additive manufacturing with specific gradient compositions.

[0003] However, due to the rapid heating and cooling involved in laser filament additive manufacturing, the molten pool exists for an extremely short time. Therefore, it is difficult for dissimilar material components to mix uniformly within the molten pool, easily leading to segregation and solidification defects in the deposited area after forming. Introducing ultrasonic vibration into the laser filament additive manufacturing process thoroughly stirs the molten pool, thereby promoting uniform mixing of components, improving the solidification structure, and suppressing forming defects.

[0004] Currently, the microstructure of single metallic materials has been controlled using wire-guided ultrasound, but there is a lack of multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure methods that can be used to form gradient components in dissimilar materials, making it difficult to meet the high-performance additive manufacturing requirements of gradient composite dissimilar materials for high-end equipment.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a method and apparatus for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures. This invention utilizes multiple filaments of dissimilar materials for ultrasonic transmission, combined with process parameter control and material property difference matching, to form a dissimilar material additive manufacturing method with uniform gradient composition, and designs a corresponding implementation device.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: The first aspect of this invention relates to a method for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Establish the matching relationship between gradient components and wire feeding speed; S2. Establish the relationship between the amount of wire melting and laser energy when the wire-guided ultrasound is effectively transmitted to the molten pool; S3. Establish the relationship between laser output energy and actual absorbed energy of the material, and determine the laser processing parameters; S4. Determine the material composition ratio of each layer of the gradient structure, establish the relationship between the material composition of each layer and the wire feeding speed, and match the wire feeding, laser and ultrasonic process parameters, and then use multi-wire synergy to realize wire-guided ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the specific process for establishing the matching relationship between the gradient component and the filament feeding speed is as follows: Additive manufacturing i Components during layering C i The percentage of components in material A C A The composition ratio of material B C B , C A The percentage is 1- i / n , C B The percentage is i / n； In the i When the layers are layered, the wire feeding speeds of materials A and B satisfy the following relationship: (1) Among them, the i When the material A is in layers, the wire feeding speed is as follows: v A,i and the wire feeding speed of material B v B,i The units are all m / s, and the density of material A wire is... r A And the density of material B filament r B The units are all kg / m³ 3 Material A, wire radius r A And material B wire radius r B The unit for all values ​​is m.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific process for establishing the relationship between the amount of wire melted when the wire-guided ultrasound is effectively transmitted to the molten pool and the laser energy is as follows: No. i The energy required to melt materials A and B wires during the layering process is: (2) Among them, the specific heat capacity of material A c A Specific heat capacity of material B c B The units are all J / (kg·K), and the temperature difference Δ between the initial heating temperature and the melting point of the material is... T The units are all K, and the heat of fusion of material A is... L A and the heat of fusion of material B L B The units are all J / kg; Furthermore, the heat source energies of the laser acting on materials A and B respectively satisfy the following relationships: (3) (4) Among them, the threshold length of the wire immersed in the molten pool l max The unit is m, representing the heat source energy of the laser acting on material A and material B. E A,i and E B,i The units are all J.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S3, the relationship between the laser output energy and the actual absorbed energy of the material is established, and the specific process for determining the laser processing parameters is as follows: Selected laser power P The following relationship must be satisfied: (5) (6) Among them, the ratio of heat source energy of laser acting on materials A and B. e A , e B And the laser absorption rates of materials A and B. or A , or B All are constants between 0 and 1, laser power P The unit is W.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S4, the material composition ratio of each layer of the gradient structure is determined, the relationship between the material composition of each layer and the wire feeding speed is established, and the wire feeding, laser, and ultrasonic process parameters are matched. The specific process of realizing wire-guided ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing using multi-wire synergy is as follows: S41. Determine the number of layers required for a complete transition from material A to material B. n Wire radii of materials A and B rA and r B And the filament density of materials A and B. r A and r B And establish according to equation (1) i The relationship between the corresponding wire feeding speeds of materials A and B during layering; S42. Determine the threshold length of the wire immersed in the molten pool. l max And determine in accordance with equations (3) and (4) i The expression that the energy of the laser applied to materials A and B during layering should satisfy; S43. Determine the ratio of heat source energy of laser acting on materials A and B. e A , e B And the laser absorption rates of materials A and B. or A , or B And according to equations (5) and (6), we obtain i The laser power adjustment process window during layering; by controlling the laser thermal energy acting on materials A and B, the different immersion lengths of materials A and B in the molten pool can be controlled, thereby achieving isometric microstructure in different regions.

[0012] The second aspect of the present invention relates to a multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure device for implementing the above-described method, characterized in that it comprises a laser cladding head (1), a vertical plate (2), a multi-filament cooperative collar attitude adjustment mechanism (3), a multi-filament cooperative collar (4), an A-metal wire (5), a B-metal wire (6), and an array of ultrasonic transducers (7), wherein: The laser cladding head (1) is fixedly installed on the front side of the vertical plate (2) to form a stable laser output reference position; The multi-wire collaborative collar attitude adjustment mechanism (3) includes a horizontal cantilever and a vertical boom. One end of the horizontal cantilever is vertically connected to the front side of the vertical plate (2), and a horizontal guide groove is provided on the horizontal cantilever. A vertical guide groove is provided on the upper part of the vertical boom, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the multi-wire collaborative collar (4). A fastening bolt is provided in both the horizontal guide groove of the horizontal cantilever and the vertical guide groove of the vertical boom. By adjusting the position of the fastening bolt in the horizontal guide groove, the horizontal distance of the multi-wire collaborative collar (4) can be adjusted. By adjusting the position of the fastening bolt in the vertical guide groove, the vertical height of the multi-wire collaborative collar (4) can be adjusted, thereby realizing the control of the filament position of metal wire A (5) and metal wire B (6) before entering the molten pool. The multi-wire cooperative collar (4) has multiple through holes arranged in a circumferential array, and each through hole is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer (7).

[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer (7) is embedded in the through hole using a rotating bushing installation method, which can rotate around its own axis while maintaining acoustic contact conditions, so as to achieve the adjustability of the immersion ultrasonic action angle.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the A metal wire (5) and the B metal wire (6) respectively passes through the corresponding ultrasonic transducer (7) channel. When the ultrasonic transducer (7) is working, the wire generates forced vibration through this area and realizes the controllable adjustment of the angle of the wire entering the molten pool.

[0015] Furthermore, both the A metal wire (5) and the B metal wire (6) are supplied by a wire feeder (8). The wire feeder (8) can independently adjust the conveying speed of each metal wire to meet the process requirements of multi-material collaborative wire feeding, adjustable composition and gradient transition forming.

[0016] The technical concept of this invention is to achieve multi-wire ultrasonic transmission by setting up a multi-wire collaborative collar attitude adjustment mechanism and a multi-wire collaborative collar, and to form a heterogeneous material additive manufacturing method with uniform gradient composition by combining process parameter control and material property difference matching. This makes the composition uniformly distributed during the heterogeneous material additive manufacturing process, suppresses element segregation, and the selection range of wire materials includes common metal materials such as nickel-based alloys, titanium alloys and iron-based alloys.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in: 1. This invention uses multi-wire ultrasonic transmission to achieve uniform component distribution in the additive manufacturing process of dissimilar materials, suppress element segregation, and the range of wire materials to be selected includes common metal materials such as nickel-based alloys, titanium alloys, and iron-based alloys.

[0018] 2. The multi-wire collaborative method of the present invention achieves precise control of gradient transition of dissimilar materials by adjusting the parameters of laser, ultrasound and wire feeding based on theoretical calculations. It does not involve the assembly or disassembly of equipment and is easy to implement. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure device.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the device.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental results.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1 is the laser cladding head, 2 is the vertical plate, 3 is the multi-wire collaborative collar attitude adjustment mechanism, 4 is the multi-wire collaborative collar, 5 is metal wire A, 6 is metal wire B, 7 is the array ultrasonic transducer, and 8 is the wire feeder. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The present invention provides a method for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Establish the matching relationship between gradient components and wire feeding speed; Specifically, in step S1, the process for establishing the matching relationship between the gradient component and the filament feeding speed is as follows: Additive manufacturing i Components during layering C i This can be expressed as the component percentage of material A. C A The composition ratio of material B C B , C A The percentage is 1- i / n , C B The percentage is i / n； Therefore, to achieve the above component percentages, in the... i When layering, the wire feeding speeds of materials A and B should satisfy the following: (1) Among them, the i When the material A is in layers, the wire feeding speed is as follows: v A,i and the wire feeding speed of material B v B,i The units are all m / s, and the density of material A wire is... r A And the density of material B filament rB The units are all kg / m³ 3 Material A, wire radius r A And material B wire radius r B The unit for all values ​​is m.

[0028] S2. Establish the relationship between the amount of wire melting and laser energy when the wire-guided ultrasound is effectively transmitted to the molten pool; Specifically, in step S2, the detailed process for establishing the relationship between the amount of wire melted when the wire-guided ultrasound is effectively transmitted to the molten pool and the laser energy is as follows: For wire-guided ultrasound to be effectively transmitted to the molten pool, the wire must be immersed in the molten pool. Therefore, it is necessary to control the amount of wire melting and the laser energy to meet the above requirements. i The energy required to melt materials A and B wires during the layering process is: (2) Among them, the specific heat capacity of material A c A Specific heat capacity of material B c B The units are all J / (kg·K), and the temperature difference Δ between the initial heating temperature and the melting point of the material is... T The units are all K, and the heat of fusion of material A is... L A and the heat of fusion of material B L B The units are all J / kg; Furthermore, the heat source energies of the laser acting on materials A and B should respectively satisfy: (3) (4) Among them, the threshold length of the wire immersed in the molten pool l max The unit is m, representing the heat source energy of the laser acting on material A and material B. E A,i and E B,i The units are all J.

[0029] S3. Establish the relationship between laser output energy and actual absorbed energy of the material, and determine the laser processing parameters; Specifically, in step S3, the specific process for determining the laser processing parameters is as follows: The position between the filament and the laser spot, as well as the absorptivity of the filament, affect the energy of the laser acting on the filament; therefore, the selected laser power... P The following relationships must be satisfied simultaneously: (5) (6) Among them, the ratio of heat source energy of laser acting on materials A and B. e A , e B And the laser absorption rates of materials A and B. or A , or B All are constants between 0 and 1, laser power P The unit is W.

[0030] S4. Determine the material composition ratio of each layer of the gradient structure, establish the relationship between the material composition of each layer and the wire feeding speed, and match the wire feeding, laser and ultrasonic process parameters, and then use multi-wire synergy to realize wire-guided ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing.

[0031] Specifically, in step S4, the material composition ratio of each layer of the gradient structure is determined, the relationship between the material composition of each layer and the wire feeding speed is established, and the wire feeding, laser, and ultrasonic process parameters are matched. The specific process of realizing wire-guided ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing using multi-wire synergy is as follows: S41. Determine the number of layers required for a complete transition from material A to material B. n Wire radii of materials A and B r A and r B And the filament density of materials A and B. r A and r B And establish according to equation (1) i The relationship between the corresponding wire feeding speeds of materials A and B during layering; S42. Determine the threshold length of the wire immersed in the molten pool. l max And determine in accordance with equations (3) and (4) i The expression that the energy of the laser applied to materials A and B during layering should satisfy; S43. Determine the ratio of heat source energy of laser acting on materials A and B. e A , e B And the laser absorption rates of materials A and B. or A , or B And according to equations (5) and (6), we obtain iThe laser power adjustment process window during layering; by controlling the laser thermal energy acting on materials A and B, the different immersion lengths of materials A and B in the molten pool can be controlled, thereby achieving isometric microstructure in different regions.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure device for implementing the method described herein, comprising a laser cladding head 1, a vertical plate 2, a multi-filament cooperative collar attitude adjustment mechanism 3, a multi-filament cooperative collar 4, an A-metal wire 5, a B-metal wire 6, and an array of ultrasonic transducers 7, wherein: The laser cladding head 1 is fixedly installed on the front side of the vertical plate 2 to form a stable laser output reference position; The multi-wire collaborative collar attitude adjustment mechanism 3 includes a horizontal cantilever and a vertical boom. One end of the horizontal cantilever is vertically connected to the front side of the vertical plate 2, and a horizontal guide groove is provided on the horizontal cantilever. A vertical guide groove is provided on the upper part of the vertical boom, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the multi-wire collaborative collar 4. A fastening bolt is provided in both the horizontal guide groove of the horizontal cantilever and the vertical guide groove of the vertical boom. By adjusting the position of the fastening bolt in the horizontal guide groove, the horizontal distance of the multi-wire collaborative collar 4 can be adjusted. By adjusting the position of the fastening bolt in the vertical guide groove, the vertical height of the multi-wire collaborative collar 4 can be adjusted, effectively controlling the positional relationship of the multi-wire collaborative collar 4 relative to the laser spot, thereby realizing the control of the filament position of metal wire A 5 and metal wire B 6 before entering the molten pool.

[0034] The multi-wire collaborative collar 4 is fixed to the front output end of the multi-wire collaborative collar attitude adjustment mechanism 3 by bolts. Multiple through holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the multi-wire collaborative collar 4, and the ultrasonic transducer 7 is installed in each through hole.

[0035] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer 7 is embedded in the through hole using a rotating bushing installation method, which allows it to rotate around its own axis while maintaining acoustic contact conditions, thereby achieving adjustable immersion ultrasonic action angle.

[0036] In this embodiment, one end of the A metal wire 5 and the B metal wire 6 respectively passes through the corresponding ultrasonic transducer 7 channel. When the ultrasonic transducer 7 is working, the wires generate forced vibration through this area, and the angle of the wires entering the molten pool can be controlled and adjusted.

[0037] In this embodiment, both the A metal wire 5 and the B metal wire 6 are supplied by the wire feeder 8. The wire feeder 8 can independently adjust the conveying speed of each metal wire to meet the process requirements of multi-material collaborative wire feeding, adjustable composition and gradient transition forming.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] refer to Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the experimental results of this invention. Ultrasound is transmitted through multiple filaments of dissimilar materials. By changing the feed rate ratio between the filaments, the composition ratio of the cladding layer is controlled, achieving a gradient structure where material A transitions to material B with uniform interlayer composition.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0041] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0042] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0044] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. Establish the matching relationship between gradient components and wire feeding speed; S2. Establish the relationship between the amount of wire melted when the wire-guided ultrasound is effectively transmitted to the molten pool and the laser energy; S3. Establish the relationship between laser output energy and actual absorbed energy of the material, and determine the laser processing parameters; S4. Determine the material composition ratio of each layer of the gradient structure, establish the relationship between the material composition of each layer and the wire feeding speed, and match the wire feeding, laser and ultrasonic process parameters, and then use multi-wire synergy to realize wire-guided ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing.

2. The method for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the specific process for establishing the matching relationship between the gradient component and the filament feeding speed is as follows: Additive manufacturing i Components during layering C i The percentage of components in material A C A and the composition ratio of material B C B , C A The percentage is 1- i / n , C B The percentage is i / n； In the i When the layers are layered, the wire feeding speeds of materials A and B satisfy the following relationship: （1） Among them, the i When the material A is in layers, the wire feeding speed is as follows: v A,i and the wire feeding speed of material B v B,i The units are all m / s, and the density of material A wire is... ρ A And the density of material B filament ρ B The units are all kg / m³ 3 Material A, wire radius r A And material B wire radius r B The unit for all values ​​is m.

3. The method for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific process for establishing the relationship between the amount of wire melted when the wire-guided ultrasound is effectively transmitted to the molten pool and the laser energy is as follows: No. i The energy required to melt materials A and B wires during the layering process is: （2） Among them, the specific heat capacity of material A c A Specific heat capacity of material B c B The units are all J / (kg·K), and the temperature difference Δ between the initial heating temperature and the melting point of the material is... T The units are all K, and the heat of fusion of material A is... L A and the heat of fusion of material B L B The units are all J / kg; Furthermore, the heat source energies of the laser acting on materials A and B respectively satisfy the following relationships: （3） （4） Among them, the threshold length of the wire immersed in the molten pool l max The unit is m, representing the heat source energy of the laser acting on material A and material B. E A,i and E B,i The units are all J.

4. The method for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, the relationship between the laser output energy and the actual absorbed energy of the material is established, and the specific process for determining the laser processing parameters is as follows: Selected laser power P The following relationship must be satisfied: （5） （6） Among them, the ratio of heat source energy of laser acting on materials A and B is... ε A , ε B And the laser absorption rates of materials A and B. η A , η B All are constants between 0 and 1, laser power P The unit is W.

5. The method for multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing of gradient structures as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the material composition ratio of each layer of the gradient structure is determined, the relationship between the material composition of each layer and the wire feeding speed is established, and the wire feeding, laser, and ultrasonic process parameters are matched. The specific process of realizing wire-guided ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing using multi-wire synergy is as follows: S41. Determine the number of layers required for a complete transition from material A to material B. n The radii of the wires of materials A and B r A and r B And the filament density of materials A and B. ρ A and ρ B And establish according to equation (1) i The relationship between the corresponding wire feeding speeds of materials A and B during layering; S42. Determine the threshold length of the wire immersed in the molten pool. l max And determine in accordance with equations (3) and (4) i The expression that the energy of the laser applied to materials A and B during layering should satisfy; S43. Determine the ratio of heat source energy of laser acting on materials A and B. ε A , ε B And the laser absorption rates of materials A and B. η A , η B And according to equations (5) and (6), we obtain i The laser power adjustment process window during layering; by controlling the laser thermal energy acting on materials A and B, the different immersion lengths of materials A and B in the molten pool can be controlled, thereby achieving isometric microstructure in different regions.

6. A multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure apparatus for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The components include a laser cladding head (1), a vertical plate (2), a multi-wire collaborative collar attitude adjustment mechanism (3), a multi-wire collaborative collar (4), A metal wire (5), B metal wire (6), and an array of ultrasonic transducers (7), wherein: The laser cladding head (1) is fixedly installed on the front side of the vertical plate (2) to form a stable laser output reference position; The multi-wire collaborative collar attitude adjustment mechanism (3) includes a horizontal cantilever and a vertical boom. One end of the horizontal cantilever is vertically connected to the front side of the vertical plate (2), and a horizontal guide groove is provided on the horizontal cantilever. A vertical guide groove is provided on the upper part of the vertical boom, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the multi-wire collaborative collar (4). A fastening bolt is provided in both the horizontal guide groove of the horizontal cantilever and the vertical guide groove of the vertical boom. By adjusting the position of the fastening bolt in the horizontal guide groove, the horizontal distance of the multi-wire collaborative collar (4) can be adjusted. By adjusting the position of the fastening bolt in the vertical guide groove, the vertical height of the multi-wire collaborative collar (4) can be adjusted, thereby realizing the control of the filament position of metal wire A (5) and metal wire B (6) before entering the molten pool. The multi-wire cooperative collar (4) has multiple through holes arranged in a circumferential array, and each through hole is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer (7).

7. The multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The ultrasonic transducer (7) is embedded in the through hole using a rotating bushing installation method, which can rotate around its own axis while maintaining acoustic contact conditions, so as to achieve the adjustability of the immersion ultrasonic action angle.

8. The multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, One end of the A metal wire (5) and the B metal wire (6) pass through the corresponding ultrasonic transducer (7) channel. When the ultrasonic transducer (7) is working, the wire generates forced vibration through the area and realizes the controllable adjustment of the angle of the wire entering the molten pool.

9. The multi-source immersion ultrasonic composite laser filament additive manufacturing gradient structure device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Both the A metal wire (5) and the B metal wire (6) are supplied by the wire feeder (8). The wire feeder (8) can independently adjust the conveying speed of each metal wire to meet the process requirements of multi-material collaborative wire feeding, adjustable composition and gradient transition forming.

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