Structural physical simulation experiment method based on 3D printing geometric boundary

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing a physical simulation experiment based on a 3D printing geometric boundary, which comprises the following steps of: determining geometric parameters of a loading boundary for a simulation experiment, and obtaining a three-dimensional materialized model according to the geometric parameters of the loading boundary; carrying out integral forming on the three-dimensional materialization model in a 3D printing mode to obtain an entity loading boundary component; and installing the entity loading boundary component at a corresponding space installation position in the structure physical simulation experiment system, connecting the entity loading boundary component with an experiment loading device in the structure physical simulation experiment system, and then executing a structure physical simulation experiment. According to the method, parameterization design is carried out on the geometric morphology of the loading boundary, and the geometric morphology of the loading boundary is converted into an entity loading boundary component by utilizing a 3D printing technology, so that the geometric morphology of the loading boundary can stably and accurately participate in the loading process in a construction physical simulation experiment; and the problems that the geometric conditions of the loading boundary are difficult to accurately control and appear repeatedly in the traditional experiment are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological structure simulation experiment technology, and in particular to a structural physics simulation experiment method based on 3D printed geometric boundaries. Background Technology

[0002] Structural physics simulation experiments are an important technique for studying stratigraphic deformation and tectonic evolution under laboratory conditions. They are widely used in experimental research on the deformation processes of geological structures such as folds, faults, and thrust structures. By applying external loading under controlled conditions, the deformation response characteristics of strata under different stress environments can be directly reflected, playing a crucial role in structural analysis and tectonic evolution research.

[0003] In existing structural physics simulation experiments, loading boundaries are typically set on one or more sides of the experimental model, and horizontal or inclined compression is applied to simulate tectonic stress conditions in natural tectonic environments. The loading boundaries are generally made of wood, metal, or transparent materials, and their geometry and spatial arrangement have a significant impact on the deformation mode of the strata in the experiment.

[0004] Existing structural physics simulations often employ pre-defined loading boundaries, such as regular planar components or mechanically adjustable angle-changing structures. Their geometry is fixed during the fabrication stage, making it difficult to construct loading boundaries with curvature variations, asymmetric shapes, or continuous changes along the orientation. Furthermore, the boundary geometric parameters cannot be treated as independently controllable experimental variables, thus limiting structural physics simulations under complex construction conditions. When loading conditions need adjustment for different experimental scenarios, the process of changing and adjusting loading boundaries is cumbersome, making it difficult to quickly switch between multiple schemes while maintaining geometric consistency. This restricts the efficiency of structural physics simulations in system comparison studies and parameter variation studies.

[0005] In summary, existing structural physics simulation experiments still have shortcomings in terms of geometrically accurate construction of loaded boundaries, controllable realization of complex boundary morphologies, and high consistency and repeatability of experimental conditions. These limitations restrict the development of refined simulations and comparative studies of structural deformation processes under complex structural conditions. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new structural physics simulation experimental method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to solve the aforementioned technical problems, namely, that the loading boundaries used in existing structural physics simulation experiments are mostly pre-defined structures with fixed geometry during the fabrication stage. This makes it difficult to construct loading boundaries with curvature variations, asymmetric shapes, or continuous variations along the orientation, and also prevents the independent control of boundary geometric parameters as experimental variables, thus limiting structural physics simulations under complex structural conditions. Furthermore, when adjusting loading conditions for different experimental scenarios, the process of changing and adjusting loading boundaries is cumbersome, making it difficult to quickly switch between multiple schemes while maintaining geometric consistency. This restricts the efficiency of structural physics simulation experiments in system comparison studies and parameter variation studies.

[0007] To this end, the present invention provides a physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Determine the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, and obtain a three-dimensional solid model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary; The three-dimensional solid model is integrally formed using 3D printing to obtain a solid loading boundary component. The solid loading boundary component is installed at the corresponding spatial installation position in the structural physics simulation experiment system and connected to the experimental loading device in the structural physics simulation experiment system. Then, the structural physics simulation experiment is performed. In the experimental loading process, the solid loading boundary component acts as a geometric constraint condition, transmits the loading force and acts on the loading interface.

[0009] In the specific implementation of the above-mentioned physical simulation experiment method based on 3D printing geometric boundaries, the step of "determining the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment and obtaining a three-dimensional solid model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary" specifically includes: The type of structure to be simulated and the corresponding loading conditions are determined based on geological data; The geometric shape of the loading boundary is determined according to the construction type and loading conditions, and digital extraction is performed to obtain the geometric parameters of the actual loading boundary. Then, based on the similarity principle, it is converted into the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment. A parametric two-dimensional surface model is constructed based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, and the parametric two-dimensional surface model is solidified to obtain a three-dimensional solid model.

[0010] In the specific implementation of the above-mentioned physical simulation experimental method based on 3D printing geometric boundaries, the geometric parameters include the total length of the loading boundary and the length of each segment, the tilt angle parameter of the loading boundary, the curvature of the loading boundary surface and its variation form along the spatial direction, the undulation characteristic parameter of the loading boundary surface, and the geometric variation mode of the loading boundary along the direction.

[0011] In the specific implementation of the above-mentioned physical simulation experiment method based on 3D printing geometric boundaries, the step of "constructing a parametric two-dimensional surface model according to the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment" specifically includes: Based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, a parametric two-dimensional surface model of non-uniform rational B-splines driven by mathematical functions is constructed using modeling software.

[0012] In the specific implementation of the above-mentioned physical simulation experiment method based on 3D printing geometric boundaries, the step of "using 3D printing to integrally form the three-dimensional solid model to obtain a solid loading boundary component" specifically includes: The three-dimensional solid model is meshed, converted into a mesh composed of triangular facets, and exported as an STL file. The STL file is imported into the 3D printing equipment to generate a three-dimensional digital model for physical manufacturing; 3D printing is performed based on the three-dimensional digital model to obtain solid loading boundary components.

[0013] In the specific implementation of the above-mentioned physical simulation experiment method based on 3D printing geometric boundaries, before performing the step of "determining the geometric parameters of the loading boundary", the spatial installation position of the solid loading boundary component in the physical simulation experiment system and its functional attributes as the loading interface are determined.

[0014] In a specific implementation of the above-mentioned physical simulation experiment method based on 3D printing geometric boundaries, the solid loading boundary component is provided with a standardized male interface for connecting with the experimental loading device, and the part of the experimental loading device for connecting with the solid loading boundary component is provided with a standardized female interface that cooperates with the standardized male interface to achieve a detachable connection.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By parametrically designing the geometry of the loading boundary and using 3D printing technology to transform it into a solid loading boundary component, the geometry of the loading boundary can stably and accurately participate in the loading process in the physical simulation experiment, avoiding the problem of difficulty in accurately controlling the geometric conditions of the loading boundary and the recurrence of the problem in traditional experiments.

[0016] 2. By introducing a solid loading boundary component with a specific geometric shape between the experimental loading device and the experimental model, the transmission path of the loading action is clarified, making the control effect of the loading boundary geometry on the deformation process of the experimental model more intuitive and repeatable.

[0017] 3. By changing the physical loading boundary components with different geometric shapes, the experimental loading boundary conditions can be switched. Comparative experiments can be carried out while keeping other experimental conditions consistent, which improves the repeatability and comparability of the structural physics simulation experiment in terms of loading boundary condition control. Compared with the traditional experimental method of loading with fixed straight boundaries or simple adjustment structures, this invention can realize the construction of complex, irregular and direction-varying loading boundary conditions, providing a stable and flexible experimental technique for analyzing the influence of loading boundary geometric characteristics on the structural deformation process. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a front view of the arc-shaped three-dimensional solid model provided by the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The left view; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Top view; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The top and bottom isometric axis views; Figure 5 It is a front view of a three-dimensional solid model with a different structure; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The left view; Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Top view; Figure 8 yes Figure 5 The top and bottom isometric axis views; Figure 9 It is a physical simulation experimental system for the construction of the loading boundary components of the installation entity corresponding to the shingled structure; Figure 10 This is an experimental cross-section diagram of the shingled structure during a structural physics simulation experiment; among which, Figure 10 Figure a shows the experimental cross-section when the horizontal compression reaches 0.7 cm, Figure b shows the experimental cross-section when the horizontal compression reaches 1.1 cm, Figure c shows the experimental cross-section when the horizontal compression reaches 1.7 cm, and Figure d shows the experimental cross-section at the end of the simulation experiment. Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the distribution of fracture types on the top surface of the experimental model in Figure d; Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the top surface structure zoning of the experimental model results in Figure d; Figure 13This is an experimental cross-section diagram of a foam board-based boundary shingled structure during a structural physics simulation experiment; among which, Figure 13 Figure a shows the experimental profile when the simulation progresses to 1.2 cm, Figure b shows the experimental profile when the simulation progresses to 2.4 cm, Figure c shows the experimental profile when the simulation progresses to 3.6 cm, and Figure d shows the experimental profile when the simulation progresses to 4.8 cm. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the system or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the convenience of distinguishing the aforementioned components. Unless otherwise stated, these terms have no special meaning and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "setting," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] This invention relates to the field of geological structure simulation experiment technology, and in particular to a structural physics simulation experiment method based on 3D-printed geometric boundaries. The method includes the following steps: determining the geometric parameters of the loading boundary; obtaining a three-dimensional solid model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary; using 3D printing to integrally form the three-dimensional solid model to obtain a solid loading boundary component; installing the solid loading boundary component at the corresponding spatial installation position in the structural physics simulation experiment system and connecting it to the experimental loading device in the system, and then executing the structural physics simulation experiment; wherein, the solid loading boundary component participates in the transfer of loading action as a geometric constraint loading interface during the experimental loading process. By parametrically designing the geometric shape of the loading boundary and using 3D printing technology to transform it into a solid loading boundary component, the geometric shape of the loading boundary can stably and accurately participate in the loading process in the structural physics simulation experiment, avoiding the problems of difficult precise control and repetition of loading boundary geometric conditions in traditional experiments.

[0023] The physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] This invention provides a physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing, comprising the following steps: S1, determine the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, and obtain a three-dimensional solid model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary; S2, using 3D printing to integrally form a three-dimensional solid model to obtain solid loading boundary components; S3, install the solid loading boundary component at the corresponding spatial installation position in the structural physics simulation experiment system, and connect it to the experimental loading device in the structural physics simulation experiment system, and then execute the structural physics simulation experiment; wherein, the solid loading boundary component acts as a geometric constraint condition during the experimental loading process, transmits the loading force and acts on the loading interface.

[0025] Specifically, before performing the step of "determining the geometric parameters of the loading boundary," the spatial installation position of the solid loading boundary component in the experimental structural physics simulation system and its functional attributes as a loading interface are determined. The solid loading boundary component is used to connect with the experimental loading device, applying external displacement or force along its geometric shape to the experimental material, and serving as a geometric constraint boundary to limit the deformation range and direction of the experimental material. This creates stable and controllable boundary conditions during the experiment, ensuring that the loading action is transmitted and performed according to the preset structural shape. The structural physics simulation system includes an experimental model and an experimental loading device. The solid loading boundary component is connected to the experimental loading device to load the experimental model, thus realizing the structural physics simulation experiment. The experimental model refers to a model constructed at the laboratory scale, proportionally scaling the geometric dimensions, time, and material mechanical strength, etc., according to the principle of similarity, and using similar artificial materials (such as sand, clay, silica gel, etc.) to simulate the mechanical behavior of crustal rocks. Different structural simulations correspond to different experimental models. The structural physics simulation system is prior art known to those skilled in the art; therefore, it will not be described in detail here.

[0026] In the above embodiments, preferably, the step of "determining the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, and obtaining a three-dimensional solid model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary" specifically includes: The type of structure to be simulated and the corresponding loading conditions are determined based on geological data; The geometric shape of the loading boundary is determined according to the construction type and loading conditions, and digital extraction is performed to obtain the geometric parameters of the actual loading boundary. Then, based on the similarity principle, it is converted into the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment. A parametric two-dimensional surface model is constructed based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment. This parametric two-dimensional surface model is then solidified to obtain a three-dimensional solid model. The solidification process involves directly stitching closed two-dimensional surfaces together to form solid or hollow three-dimensional entities, and thickening or stretching non-closed two-dimensional surfaces by a predetermined distance along a set direction to generate three-dimensional entities. To improve the structural strength of the subsequent solid loading boundary components, multiple reinforcing ribs can be added inside the three-dimensional solid model during the solidification process, and some structures can be refined. These are all flexibly set according to the functional attributes and installation location of the actual solid loading boundary components, and this application does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0027] Specifically, the geometric parameters include, but are not limited to: the total length and segment lengths of the loading boundary, the tilt angle parameters of the loading boundary as a whole or locally, the curvature of the loading boundary surface and its variation along the spatial direction, the undulation characteristic parameters of the loading boundary surface, and the geometric variation mode of the loading boundary along the traverse direction. These geometric parameters can be set using discrete values ​​or defined as continuous functions, and can be combined and configured according to different experimental schemes to construct three-dimensional solid models with different spatial geometric forms.

[0028] In one specific implementation, the geometric parameters of the loading boundary are determined based on existing geological data. Specific parameters are obtained by measuring line segment lengths in geological profiles, structural interpretation diagrams, and related structural geometric data, based on the scale conversion diagrams provided. After obtaining the actual geological parameters, a scale conversion is performed according to the similarity principle and the experimental model's scale requirements, and then the results are introduced into the two-dimensional curved surface model.

[0029] In the above embodiments, preferably, the step of "constructing a parametric two-dimensional surface model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment" specifically includes: Based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, a parametric two-dimensional surface model of a non-uniform rational B-spline driven by mathematical functions is constructed using modeling software. For example, Solidworks is used as the modeling software.

[0030] Figure 1-4 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped 3D solid model created in step S1. This 3D solid model has curved loading boundary geometry to achieve curved loading boundary conditions. Its arc-shaped boundary shape is derived from the mathematical construction of the actual boundary. Figure 5-8 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional solid model of another structure produced according to steps S1 and S2. The three-dimensional solid model has a loading boundary geometry in the form of right-angled broken lines, which is used to compare loading boundary conditions with different geometric shapes.

[0031] In the above embodiments, preferably, the step of "using 3D printing to integrally form a three-dimensional solid model to obtain a solid loading boundary component" specifically includes: The 3D solid model is meshed, converted into a mesh composed of triangular facets, and then exported as an STL file. Importing STL files into 3D printing equipment generates three-dimensional digital models for physical manufacturing; 3D printing is performed based on a 3D digital model to obtain solid loading boundary components.

[0032] By using an integral molding method, the loading interface of the loading boundary component can fully present the parameters such as tilt angle change, curvature characteristics and geometric change form along the direction defined in the three-dimensional solid model, thereby ensuring that the spatial geometry of the loading boundary is expressed realistically, continuously and without breaks in the solid component.

[0033] In the above embodiments, the solid loading boundary components are constructed using a 3D printing integral molding method. This allows for the realization of loading boundary geometries with complex curved surfaces, asymmetrical structures, or continuously varying characteristics along the direction without the need for subsequent mechanical adjustments or multi-part assembly. This avoids the morphological deviations introduced by traditional processing methods when constructing complex geometric loading boundaries due to insufficient processing accuracy, assembly errors, or geometric approximation. Different loading boundary components prepared based on the same parametric geometric model exhibit high consistency in spatial geometry, making them suitable for repeated use in multiple physical simulation experiments and facilitating comparative analysis between different experimental results.

[0034] Compared to traditional loading boundary construction methods that rely on mechanical adjustment or CNC machining (subtractive manufacturing), the 3D printing (additive manufacturing) method employed in this invention offers significant technological advantages. CNC machining, limited by the physical dimensions, motion trajectory, and access space of the cutting tool, easily creates blind spots when machining asymmetric complex surfaces with dramatic curvature changes, spatial twisting, or deep concavities, making it difficult to achieve high-precision overall forming. In contrast, 3D printing, based on a layer-by-layer deposition principle, can achieve high-precision overall manufacturing of such complex geometries. Furthermore, 3D printing supports the construction of closed cavities or lattice-reinforced structures within the loading boundary component, which are difficult to achieve with CNC machining. This ensures sufficient rigidity to withstand experimental loading forces while enabling lightweight component design.

[0035] By fabricating solid loading boundary components using an integral molding method, geometric deviations caused during the assembly of multiple parts are avoided. This ensures a one-to-one correspondence between the geometric parameters of the loading boundary and the solid components, thereby guaranteeing that the loading boundary conditions defined in the parametric geometric model can be accurately reproduced in the experimental system. This significantly improves the accuracy and repeatability of physical simulation experiments under complex structural conditions.

[0036] Furthermore, by employing precise tolerance fits and a sealing structure design between the side wings of the loading boundary components and the side walls of the experimental chamber in the structural physics simulation experimental system, lateral leakage of granular materials during the experiment is prevented, ensuring the stable transmission of loading stress in the experimental loading direction. The sealing structure can be a leak-proof gasket, which is placed between the side wings and the side walls of the experimental chamber without affecting the movement of the side walls.

[0037] In the above embodiments, preferably, the solid loading boundary component is provided with a standardized male interface for connecting with the experimental loading device, and the part of the experimental loading device for connecting with the solid loading boundary component is provided with a standardized female interface that cooperates with the standardized male interface to achieve a detachable connection.

[0038] The loading boundary component is rigidly connected to the external experimental loading device through its reserved standardized male interface, ensuring that the loading boundary component does not undergo relative displacement or deflection during experimental loading, thereby guaranteeing that the preset spatial geometry can act on the experimental model in a stable and continuous manner. For example, the standardized male and female interfaces adopt a snap-fit ​​connection method, such as a dovetail slider connection. The standardized male interface is a dovetail slider, and the standardized female interface is a dovetail groove. An interference fit is used between the dovetail groove and the dovetail slider, ensuring that the dovetail slider does not move under no external force after being inserted into the dovetail groove, achieving the purpose of fixed position.

[0039] The above embodiments enable the simulation of structural physics experiments. While maintaining the experimental model structure, material type, layering method, and loading method, structural physics simulation experiments and comparisons are conducted under different loading boundary geometric conditions by replacing loading boundary components with different geometric parameters. Specifically, according to a pre-set experimental plan, corresponding components are selected from solid loading boundary components prepared based on different parametric geometric models, and sequentially placed between the experimental loading device and the experimental model. The installation position, spatial orientation, force distribution, and relative relationship between each loading boundary component and the experimental loading device and experimental model in the experimental system remain consistent with step S3. Through these settings, only the spatial geometry of the loading boundary components changes between different experiments, while the internal structure of the experimental model, experimental material conditions, and loading conditions remain consistent.

[0040] In different experiments, the replaced loading boundary components correspond to different combinations of geometric parameters set in step S1, causing differences in the overall or local tilt angle, surface curvature characteristics, and geometric changes along the traverse direction of the loading boundary during the experiment. By introducing loading boundary components with different geometric parameters into the experimental system, the spatial geometric conditions of the loading boundary can participate in the construction loading process as independent experimental variables, thereby enabling comparative simulation of the construction deformation process under different loading boundary geometric conditions.

[0041] By using the above-mentioned experimental switching method, multiple sets of structural physics simulation experiments can be completed continuously without rebuilding the experimental model or adjusting the structure of the experimental loading device. This allows the differences between different experimental results to clearly correspond to the changes in the geometric parameters of the loading boundary, thereby significantly improving the repeatability and comparability of structural physics simulation experiments in terms of loading boundary condition control.

[0042] The following section will apply the solid loading boundary components formed by 3D printing to a specific shingled structure simulation experiment to conduct a structural physics simulation experiment, such as... Figure 9-11 The details are as follows.

[0043] This embodiment selects a shingled structure as the simulation object to illustrate the feasibility of the method of the present invention in structural physics simulation experiments. By implementing the loading process under the set loading boundary geometry conditions, it demonstrates that the method of the present invention can operate stably under experimental conditions and effectively introduce the loading boundary geometry conditions into the deformation process of the experimental model.

[0044] It should be noted that this embodiment is merely an illustrative example of the method of the present invention, and the construction type, loading boundary form, and experimental conditions used do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can apply the method of the present invention to structural physics simulation experiments under other construction types or different loading boundary conditions without departing from the technical concept of the present invention.

[0045] The construction process of the solid loading boundary component is based on geological profiles, structural interpretation maps, and related structural geometric data, and includes the following steps: Based on the geological profiles, structural interpretation maps, and existing structural geometric data of the study area, the boundary morphology of the simulated structure is measured and parameters are extracted to obtain geometric parameters characterizing the spatial morphology of the loading boundary. The actual compression boundary has heights of 8500m and 9800m on both sides, a strike length of 35700m, and a dip angle of approximately 45°. Due to the fixed width of the structural physics simulation experimental device, the geometric parameters are proportionally converted according to a similarity ratio, determining that 1cm corresponds to 1700m of actual geological measurement. The corresponding 3D model dimensions were obtained as 5cm×5cm×21cm and 6cm×6cm×21cm, with isosceles right triangles at an inclination angle of 45°. The converted geometric data was imported into the 3D modeling software SolidWorks, and a 2D surface model driven by mathematical functions was established using parametric modeling. Through thickening, stretching, and closing processes, a 3D solid model with structural thickness was formed. Subsequently, the 3D solid model was converted into a printable data file, and 3D printing additive manufacturing technology was used for integral molding to obtain a solid loaded boundary component, ensuring that its geometry is consistent with the design model and has structural stability.

[0046] The experimental model in the structural physics simulation system is constructed based on the requirements of stenotic tectonics simulation. The experimental model is a layered structure model, with multiple layers of experimental material laid sequentially from bottom to top to simulate the stacking relationships and geometric characteristics of different stratigraphic units under stenotic tectonics conditions, as detailed below: In the experimental model shown in this embodiment, a total of six layered units are laid out, from bottom to top: 1.6cm of ceramic clay with a moisture content of 75% to simulate an overlying sandstone layer, 2.4cm of ceramic clay with a moisture content of 70% to simulate a sandstone layer, 0.4cm of ceramic clay with a moisture content of 65% to simulate a sandstone layer, 0.6cm of ceramic clay with a moisture content of 60% to simulate a sandstone layer, 1.5cm of silica gel to simulate a gypsum layer, and 1.5cm of ceramic clay with a moisture content of 60% to simulate an overlying sandstone layer. Loading boundary surfaces of different heights with an inclination angle of approximately 45° are set on both sides of the experimental model. These loading boundary surfaces are formed by the aforementioned solid loading boundary components and are used to apply loading conditions with geometric constraints to the experimental model during the loading process. The solid loading boundary components are... Figure 5-8 The structure is shown. See the detailed experimental design below. Figure 9 .

[0047] It should be noted that the number of layers, material type, layer thickness distribution, and loading boundary angle of the above experimental model are all exemplary settings in this embodiment, and are only used to illustrate the feasibility of the method of the present invention under specific experimental conditions. Those skilled in the art can adjust the experimental model conditions and parameters accordingly based on different structural types or experimental requirements without departing from the technical concept of the present invention.

[0048] Before the experiment, a solid loading boundary component is positioned at the loading end of the experimental model, between the experimental loading device and the experimental model, and connected to the loading device to form a stable connection. This ensures that its geometry remains unchanged throughout the experiment, guaranteeing that the set loading boundary geometric conditions can continuously and effectively act on the experimental model. Through this setup, the displacement applied by the experimental loading device first acts on the loading boundary component, and then is transferred to the interior of the experimental model via the loading boundary surface of the component. Thus, the geometry of the loading boundary component participates in the experimental loading process as a loading boundary condition.

[0049] Implementation of Loading Method and Process: In this embodiment, experimental loading is performed by applying displacement loading to the loading boundary components using an experimental loading device. During loading, the loading action generated by the experimental loading device first acts on the solid loading boundary components and is then transmitted to the interior of the experimental model through the loading boundary surface of the solid loading boundary components, causing the experimental model to gradually deform under the set loading boundary geometric conditions. The loading direction corresponds to the main structural distribution direction of the experimental model, ensuring that the loading action can continuously act on the experimental model along the preset direction. During the loading process, the loading boundary components always exist as an intermediary structure between the loading device and the experimental model, and their geometry remains unchanged throughout the entire loading process, thereby ensuring the stability and consistency of the loading boundary geometric conditions during the experimental implementation. As the loading process progresses, the experimental model gradually deforms under the combined action of the loading method and loading boundary conditions until it reaches the predetermined loading state, completing the structural physics simulation experiment of this embodiment.

[0050] During the experimental loading process, the geometry of the solid loading boundary components remains unchanged throughout the entire loading process, and the loading boundary geometric conditions they form continuously participate in the experimental loading process. By confining the loading action to the set loading boundary surface, the geometry of the loading boundary components constrains the spatial distribution of the loading action, ensuring that the experimental model is always under the control of the preset geometric loading boundary conditions during the loading process.

[0051] During the loading process, when the displacement applied by the experimental loading device is transmitted to the experimental model through the loading boundary components, its loading direction and position are constrained by the geometry of the loading boundary, thus preventing the loading action from being randomly distributed or undergoing uncertain changes on the surface of the experimental model. Therefore, the loading boundary geometry, as a stable boundary condition during the experimental loading process, acts on the experimental model in conjunction with the experimental loading method. In this way, the geometry of the loading boundary components not only serves as a medium for transmitting the loading action but also participates in the experimental implementation process as a loading boundary condition in the physical simulation experiment, thereby achieving geometric constraints and controllable introduction of the experimental loading process.

[0052] During the continuous loading process, the experimental model gradually undergoes structural deformation under the combined effects of the loading method and the geometric conditions of the loading boundary. With the continued application of loading, relative displacement and superposition of layered structures appear within the experimental model, gradually forming a structural deformation morphology with shingled characteristics. During the experiment, the deformation process and the final structural morphology of the experimental model were observed and recorded. The recorded experimental phenomena are used to reflect the overall deformation performance of the experimental model under the set loading boundary geometric conditions. The above records of experimental phenomena are only used to illustrate the implementation of the experimental loading process and do not involve analysis or explanation of the structural deformation mechanism or controlling factors.

[0053] In addition, in order to more closely resemble the mechanical characteristics of natural geological interfaces, the frictional characteristics of the contact interface (i.e., the geometric constraint loading interface) between the loaded boundary component and the experimental material (such as quartz sand, silica gel, etc.) can be controlled. For example, by coating the geometric constraint loading interface with a low friction coefficient material or attaching a micron-sized friction-reducing film, the low frictional mechanical characteristics of natural geological interfaces can be simulated.

[0054] During the experimental data recording and analysis phase, multiple parallel comparative experiments were conducted between the parametric boundaries of 3D printing prepared using this method and those prepared using traditional methods (such as boundaries made of wood or through simple machining). See also... Figure 10-12 The experiment used 3D printing to fabricate solid loading boundary components to simulate the formation of shingled structures and their impact on fault distribution and structural style. During the experiment, when the horizontal compression reached 0.7 cm ( Figure 10 (Figure a) In this model, the material begins to show initial fracturing, with a large thrust fault developing first in the forelimb, cutting through the underlying mudstone. Multiple smaller interlayer thrust faults develop in the aft limb. As the material is compressed to 1.1 cm ( Figure 10 (Figure b) shows a significant increase in the number of imbricate thrust faults. The faults are close to each other and exhibit a relatively orderly stacking relationship. The forelimb faults are predominantly low-angle thrusting, advancing forward, while the rearlimb faults exhibit secondary compensatory faulting. The upper and lower faults gradually connect, forming imbricate structural units. The fault ends mostly terminate in gypsum-salt rock, exhibiting significant detachment characteristics. When the compression reaches 1.7 cm ( Figure 10 (Figure c) The imbricate structure gradually took shape, with multiple thrust faults distributed in a stepped combination. The forelimb faults were the most active, with a significantly increased fault displacement, forming the main controlling fault zone. The rearlimb faults were relatively weaker, mainly manifesting as associated faults. Ultimately, as shown in Figure c... Figure 10 As shown in Figure d, the imbricate structure exhibits an asymmetrical morphology with a short, steep forelimb and a wide, gentle rearlimb. Faults are mostly reverse faults on both limbs, with significant and intense activity in the forelimb followed by the rearlimb. Faults primarily detach from weak salt layers, while only small-scale shallow faults develop in the core. The overall structural pattern displays typical imbricate characteristics of strong forelimb and weak rearlimb, with layered detachment. (From the top surface...) Figure 11-12 Under compression, the strata form a composite deformation structure with reverse faults on both flanks and tension fractures in the core. Overall, the strata exhibit distinct zonation between the forelimb, core, and hindlimb, and the tectonic deformation shows zonal development characteristics.

[0055] Figure 13 This is an experimental cross-section of a foam board-based boundary shingled structure during a structural physics simulation experiment. From Figure 13 As can be seen, the deformation of the inclined plane model gradually becomes apparent as the loading process progresses in the experiment. In the initial stage, such as... Figure 13In Figure a (at 1.2cm), the deformation of the inclined plane is small, and the measurement point shows a slight displacement. With increasing loading, as... Figure 13 In Figures b, c, and d (corresponding to 2.4cm, 3.6cm, and 4.8cm respectively), the deformation gradually increases, and the number of measurement points gradually increases, making the deformation trend more obvious. Compared with the boundary fabricated by 3D printing, when simulating imbricate thrust structures, traditional boundaries are limited by material texture and manual processing precision, resulting in large random fluctuations in the spacing between the fault layers. The average spacing error along the direction is usually between 15% and 20%, and the experimental phenomena are difficult to reproduce highly. However, the 3D printed loaded boundary prepared by this method achieves precise digital definition of geometry at the micrometer level, and the induced imbricate fault spatial distribution exhibits a high degree of regularity and consistency. The average spacing error shown in multiple sets of repeated experiments is significantly reduced to within 3%. Comparative data shows that this method reduces the geometric error of the construction experiment by about 80%, effectively eliminates the experimental "noise" caused by irregular boundary morphology, and significantly improves the accuracy, scientific rigor, and repeatability of the results of the structural physics simulation experiment.

[0056] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the construction physics simulation experiment method based on geometric parameterization design and solidification of loading boundaries proposed in this invention can stably introduce loading boundary conditions with specific geometric shapes during the experiment, and make the loading boundary participate in the construction loading process as an independent and replaceable experimental element.

[0057] In the embodiments, by using solid loading boundary components with different geometric shapes while maintaining consistency in experimental materials, model construction methods, and loading methods, the feasibility and stability of the method of the present invention in structural physics simulation experiments were verified. During the experiment, the loading boundary geometry remained consistent throughout the loading process, allowing the experimental model to undergo structural deformation under controlled geometric loading boundary conditions, which can intuitively reflect the structural deformation performance corresponding to different loading boundary geometry conditions.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Determine the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, and obtain a three-dimensional solid model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary; The three-dimensional solid model is integrally formed using 3D printing to obtain a solid loading boundary component. The solid loading boundary component is installed at the corresponding spatial installation position in the structural physics simulation experiment system and connected to the experimental loading device in the structural physics simulation experiment system. Then, the structural physics simulation experiment is performed. In the experimental loading process, the solid loading boundary component acts as a geometric constraint condition, transmits the loading force and acts on the loading interface.

2. The physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of "determining the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment and obtaining a three-dimensional solid model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary" specifically include: The type of structure to be simulated and the corresponding loading conditions are determined based on geological data; The geometric shape of the loading boundary is determined according to the construction type and loading conditions, and digital extraction is performed to obtain the geometric parameters of the actual loading boundary. Then, based on the similarity principle, it is converted into the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment. A parametric two-dimensional surface model is constructed based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, and the parametric two-dimensional surface model is solidified to obtain a three-dimensional solidified model.

3. The physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The geometric parameters include the total length of the loading boundary and the length of each segment, the inclination parameter of the loading boundary, the curvature of the loading boundary surface and its variation along the spatial direction, the undulation characteristic parameter of the loading boundary surface, and the geometric variation mode of the loading boundary along the direction of travel.

4. The physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps of "constructing a parametric two-dimensional surface model based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment" specifically include: Based on the geometric parameters of the loading boundary used in the simulation experiment, a parametric two-dimensional surface model of a non-uniform rational B-spline driven by mathematical functions is constructed using modeling software.

5. The physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of "using 3D printing to integrally form the three-dimensional solid model to obtain a solid loading boundary component" specifically include: The three-dimensional solid model is meshed, converted into a mesh composed of triangular facets, and exported as an STL file. The STL file is imported into the 3D printing equipment to generate a three-dimensional digital model for physical manufacturing; 3D printing is performed based on the three-dimensional digital model to obtain solid loading boundary components.

6. The physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before performing the "determine the geometric parameters of the loading boundary" step, determine the spatial installation position of the solid loading boundary component in the experimental physical simulation system and its functional attributes as the loading interface.

7. The physical simulation experimental method for constructing geometric boundaries based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical loading boundary component is provided with a standardized male interface for connecting with the experimental loading device, and the part of the experimental loading device for connecting with the physical loading boundary component is provided with a standardized female interface that cooperates with the standardized male interface to achieve a detachable connection.

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