Wireless communication method for data transmission of Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a wireless communication method for Internet of Things data transmission, which comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring environment monitoring data and a channel quality index of a monitoring terminal in real time, calculating a risk popularity value of the monitoring terminal according to the acquired environment monitoring data, and if the risk popularity value exceeds a preset threshold value, executing the step 2; immediately marking the monitoring data generated in the time period before and after the preset threshold value is exceeded as key fragment data; and step 2, based on the channel quality index, recording the waiting duration of the monitoring terminal since the last successful transmission. The technical scheme of hierarchical queue scheduling and channel resource reservation based on the transmission emergency degree index is adopted to achieve the technical effect of guaranteeing timely transmission of high-priority data, and compared with the technical scheme in the prior art that a simple competition mechanism is adopted to easily cause channel conflict aggravation during sudden alarm; the defect that important data cannot be uploaded in time due to congestion or shielding, and continuous delay of a network is caused is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically to a wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development and widespread application of IoT technology globally has led to the deployment of large-scale monitoring terminals in complex environments, tasked with the real-time collection, processing, and transmission of critical information such as environmental monitoring data and industrial operating parameters. Especially in application scenarios with extremely high requirements for data real-time performance and reliability, such as environmental monitoring, urban security, and critical infrastructure monitoring, ensuring that critical data with high-risk characteristics from massive data streams can be transmitted to the cloud or control platform in a timely, complete, and reliable manner through limited wireless channels has become a major challenge facing current IoT wireless communication technology.

[0003] Existing wireless communication methods employ simple contention mechanisms, which can easily lead to increased channel conflicts during sudden alarms. This can cause important data to fail to be uploaded in a timely manner due to congestion or obstruction, resulting in continuous network delays and an inability to effectively distinguish and guarantee the transmission of high-risk, high-priority data.

[0004] The existing system lacks a multi-dimensional dynamic evaluation mechanism and does not combine comprehensive factors such as static risk, changing trends, and channel quality. It is unable to scientifically quantify and rank the transmission urgency of monitoring terminals, and it is not easy to implement a dynamic scheduling strategy that coordinates the optimization of importance and channel conditions.

[0005] Existing systems struggle to balance data integrity with channel resource efficiency. When missing data is detected, the entire data often needs to be retransmitted, leading to increased resource consumption and energy usage. Furthermore, they lack methods for identifying data during critical periods and for efficient retransmission, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements for data traceability in security and compliance.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new wireless communication method for IoT data transmission that can determine the urgency of data transmission through a multi-dimensional and dynamic evaluation mechanism, achieve hierarchical and priority channel scheduling, and provide accurate and efficient retransmission solutions when data is missing, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technologies mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission, thereby resolving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission, comprising:

[0009] Step 1: Collect environmental monitoring data and channel quality index from the monitoring terminal in real time. Calculate the risk heat value of the monitoring terminal based on the collected environmental monitoring data. Once the risk heat value exceeds the preset threshold, immediately mark the monitoring data generated in the time period before and after exceeding the preset threshold as key segment data.

[0010] Step 2: Based on the channel quality index, record the waiting time of the monitoring terminal since the last successful transmission. Based on the risk heat value, channel quality index, and waiting time, use a multiplicative coupling method to dynamically calculate the transmission urgency index of the monitoring terminal.

[0011] Step 3: Based on the value of the transmission urgency index, all monitoring terminals that need to send environmental monitoring data are divided into hierarchical queues. The gateway or base station reserves the largest proportion of channel time slice resources for the high-priority queues in the hierarchical queues during the communication cycle and performs hierarchical time slice scheduling.

[0012] Step 4: Monitoring terminals in high-priority queues prioritize the main transmission path whose current load does not exceed the preset threshold. Monitoring terminals in medium- and low-priority queues request to switch to an alternative transmission path with low channel load or mark it as a delayed transmission.

[0013] Step 5: After receiving the environmental monitoring data, the gateway or platform checks the key segments of the environmental monitoring data. If a key segment is found to be missing, a targeted retransmission instruction is issued that specifies the missing time range or sequence number. The monitoring terminal then accurately retransmits the missing data according to the instruction.

[0014] Preferably, the risk heat value is a comprehensive quantification of the current alarm threshold ratio, the magnitude ratio of parameter changes, the distance weighted value from the monitoring point to the key area, and the historical alarm frequency of the area to which the monitoring point belongs.

[0015] Preferably, step one further includes:

[0016] Sub-step Real-time acquisition of environmental monitoring data from the monitoring terminal and acquisition of the channel quality index of the monitoring terminal. The raw risk factors in the environmental monitoring data are quantified to generate alarm threshold ratios. Parameter change range ratio Distance weighted value and historical alarm frequency ;

[0017] Sub-step Based on alarm threshold ratio Parameter change range ratio Distance weighted value and historical alarm frequency The risk heat value of the monitoring terminal is calculated using a multiplicative coupling method. ;

[0018] The risk heat value The calculation formula is:

[0019] ,

[0020] in, For monitoring terminals The current risk heat value, This is the risk correction factor;

[0021] Sub-step Preset high-risk threshold Continuously monitor the aforementioned risk heat value Changes are made, and key segments are marked.

[0022] The judgment criteria are: ≥ ,

[0023] When the risk heat value Exceeding the preset high-risk threshold Immediately, the risk intensity value will be... Exceeding the preset high-risk threshold Environmental monitoring data generated within the preceding and following time periods are marked as key segment data;

[0024] in, This is a high-risk threshold.

[0025] Preferably, step two further includes:

[0026] Sub-step Based on channel quality index Record the waiting time of the monitoring terminal since the last successful transmission. And determine the channel quality index Corresponding signal quality compensation item and waiting time Corresponding time interval compensation item ;

[0027] Sub-step Based on channel quality index Calculate the signal quality compensation term ;

[0028] The signal quality compensation item The calculation formula is:

[0029] ,

[0030] in, For signal quality compensation, The signal compensation coefficient;

[0031] Sub-step Based on the waiting time for acquisition Calculate the time interval compensation term ;

[0032] The time interval compensation item The calculation formula is:

[0033] ,

[0034] in, For time interval compensation, This is the time interval amplification factor;

[0035] Sub-step Based on risk heat value Signal quality compensation item and time interval compensation item The transmission urgency index of the monitoring terminal is dynamically calculated using a multiplicative coupling method. ;

[0036] The transmission urgency index The calculation formula is:

[0037] ,

[0038] in, For monitoring terminals The current transmission urgency index, For monitoring terminals The current risk heat value.

[0039] Preferably, step three further includes:

[0040] Sub-step Preset transmission urgency index high priority threshold and low priority threshold Based on the transmission urgency index All monitoring terminals that are about to send environmental monitoring data are divided into high-priority queues. Medium priority queue and low priority queues Hierarchical queues;

[0041] The criteria for determining the division of the hierarchical queue are as follows:

[0042] like ≥ Add to high priority queue ;

[0043] like ≤ Medium priority queue ;

[0044] like Low-priority queue ;

[0045] in, As a high-priority threshold, Low priority threshold;

[0046] Sub-step The gateway or base station determines the high-priority queues based on the number and weight of the hierarchical queues. Medium priority queue and low priority queues The proportion of time slice resources reserved, with the largest proportion of channel time slice resources reserved for high-priority queues. ;

[0047] Channel time slice resources within the communication cycle The allocation formula is:

[0048] ,

[0049] And it meets the reservation ratio requirements:

[0050] ,

[0051] in, The total duration of channel time slice resources within the communication cycle. To reserve for high priority queues Duration of the time-sharing resource To reserve for medium priority queues Duration of the time-sharing resource To reserve for low-priority queues Duration of the video clip;

[0052] Sub-step Within the tiered queue, the gateway or base station determines the waiting time based on the recorded waiting duration. Waiting time The longest monitoring terminal is given priority for transmission, and a round-robin mechanism is used for hierarchical time slice scheduling within the channel time slice resources reserved in the hierarchical queue.

[0053] Prioritize transmitting objects based on waiting time. The longest monitoring terminal gets the opportunity to send data within the time slice resources reserved for its queue;

[0054] The rotation mechanism ensures that monitoring terminals in the hierarchical queue take turns obtaining the time slice resources, so as to avoid the monitoring terminals monopolizing the channel resources for a long time.

[0055] Preferably, step four further includes:

[0056] Sub-step The gateway or base station continuously monitors the main transmission path. Real-time load rate And preset path load threshold ;

[0057] The main transmission path Real-time load rate The calculation formula is:

[0058] ,

[0059] in, Main transmission path The current real-time load rate, For the current main transmission path The bandwidth of data being transmitted or the time slice resources already used. Main transmission path The maximum transmission bandwidth or total time slice resources;

[0060] The path load threshold is used to determine the primary transmission path. A threshold indicating whether the device is in an available state;

[0061] Sub-step The high-priority queue The monitoring terminal, based on the real-time load rate monitored. and path load threshold Perform path selection and determination;

[0062] High-priority queue The path selection criteria are:

[0063] ,

[0064] When real-time load rate The load did not exceed the preset path threshold. At that time, the high-priority queue The monitoring terminal should prioritize the main transmission path. Send data;

[0065] Sub-step The medium priority queue and low priority queues The monitoring terminal requests a switch to a backup transmission path with lower channel load. Alternatively, a delayed transmission decision may be made, and the backup transmission path may be used. Channel load It should meet the requirement of being lower than the real-time load rate. conditions;

[0066] Medium priority queue and low priority queues The path selection criteria are:

[0067] like Request to switch to alternative transmission path ;

[0068] like ≥ Marked as delayed;

[0069] in, This is the backup transmission path, which is also the primary transmission path. Alternative transmission paths in case of congestion; As a backup transmission path Channel load;

[0070] Delayed transmission uses the medium-priority queue. and low priority queues The environmental monitoring data to be sent is temporarily stored and awaits the execution of hierarchical time-slice scheduling in the next communication cycle.

[0071] Preferably, step five further includes:

[0072] Sub-step The gateway or platform receives environmental monitoring data transmitted by the monitoring terminal, and identifies the transmission window of the key segment data in the received environmental monitoring data according to the sequence number or timestamp of the marked key segment data.

[0073] Sub-step The continuity of the sequence number or timestamp of the identified key segment data transmission window is checked, and the amount of missing data in the key segment data is calculated. Perform a missing condition check;

[0074] The missing condition is: ,

[0075] The amount of missing data The calculation formula is:

[0076] ,

[0077] in, This represents the total number of missing data units in the key segment data. This represents the total number of data units that should be present within the key segment data transmission window.

[0078] For the first The function for indicating the reception status of each data unit. This indicates that the data has been received. This indicates that data is missing;

[0079] Sub-step When a missing data is detected, the gateway or platform sends a message to the monitoring terminal specifying the time range of the missing data. Or missing serial number Targeted retransmission instructions;

[0080] The monitoring terminal, based on the directional retransmission instruction, targets the missing time range. Or missing serial number The missing data is precisely retransmitted.

[0081] The targeted retransmission instruction is an instruction from the gateway or platform to request the monitoring terminal to retransmit specific missing data, and the instruction specifies the precise identifier of the missing data.

[0082] For the missing time range, This is a missing serial number.

[0083] Preferably, the alarm threshold ratio The calculation formula is:

[0084] ,

[0085] in, This represents the alarm threshold ratio. This represents the current monitoring value of the environmental monitoring data. Preset alarm thresholds for environmental monitoring data. The preset maximum safety value for environmental monitoring data. This is the alarm threshold weighting coefficient.

[0086] Preferably, the signal compensation coefficient satisfy And the time interval amplification factor satisfy Among them, the signal compensation coefficient Value and time interval magnification factor The value is dynamically set according to the real-time and reliability requirements of the IoT application scenario.

[0087] Preferably, the medium priority queue and low priority queues The monitoring terminal requests to switch to the backup transmission path. When the gateway or base station sends a path switching confirmation signal to the monitoring terminal, it can redirect the data stream of the monitoring terminal to the backup transmission path only after receiving the path switching confirmation signal. .

[0088] This invention provides a wireless communication method for data transmission in the Internet of Things (IoT). It has the following beneficial effects:

[0089] 1. This invention adopts a hierarchical queue scheduling and channel resource reservation technology based on the transmission urgency index to ensure the timely transmission of high-priority data. Compared with the existing technology that uses a simple competition mechanism, which is prone to exacerbating channel conflicts when sudden alarms occur, this invention solves the problem of important data being unable to be uploaded in time due to congestion or obstruction, resulting in continuous network delays.

[0090] 2. This invention adopts a technical solution that calculates the transmission urgency index based on the multiplicative coupling of risk heat value, signal quality compensation term and time interval compensation term, so as to achieve the technical effect of scientifically and dynamically quantifying and ranking the transmission urgency of monitoring terminals. Compared with the existing technology, which lacks a multi-dimensional dynamic evaluation mechanism and does not combine static risk and changing trend factors, this invention solves the shortcomings of dynamic scheduling strategies that are not easy to achieve coordinated optimization of importance and channel conditions.

[0091] 3. The present invention adopts a key segment data identification and targeted retransmission technology based on missing time range / sequence number, which achieves the technical effect of significantly improving channel resource utilization efficiency while ensuring the integrity of key data. Compared with the existing technology, which often requires full retransmission when missing data is found, resulting in increased resource occupation and energy consumption, this invention solves the shortcomings of not being able to meet the strict requirements of security compliance for data traceability and having low retransmission efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0092] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission according to the present invention.

[0093] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation logic of the risk heat value and transmission urgency index of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the priority-based transmission path selection and traffic splitting of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0095] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0096] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0097] Example:

[0098] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 This invention provides a wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission, comprising:

[0099] Step 1: Collect environmental monitoring data and channel quality index from the monitoring terminal in real time. Calculate the risk heat value of the monitoring terminal based on the collected environmental monitoring data. The risk heat value is comprehensively quantified by the current alarm threshold ratio, the magnitude ratio of parameter changes, the distance weighting value from the monitoring point to the key area, and the historical alarm frequency of the area to which the monitoring point belongs. Once the risk heat value exceeds the preset threshold, the monitoring data generated in the time period before and after exceeding the preset threshold is immediately marked as key segment data.

[0100] Step 2: Based on the channel quality index, record the waiting time of the monitoring terminal since the last successful transmission. Based on the risk heat value, channel quality index, and waiting time, use a multiplicative coupling method to dynamically calculate the transmission urgency index of the monitoring terminal.

[0101] Step 3: Based on the value of the transmission urgency index, all monitoring terminals that need to send environmental monitoring data are divided into hierarchical queues. The gateway or base station reserves the largest proportion of channel time slice resources for the high-priority queues in the hierarchical queues during the communication cycle and performs hierarchical time slice scheduling.

[0102] Step 4: Monitoring terminals in high-priority queues prioritize the main transmission path whose current load does not exceed the preset threshold. Monitoring terminals in medium- and low-priority queues request to switch to an alternative transmission path with low channel load or mark it as a delayed transmission.

[0103] Step 5: After receiving the environmental monitoring data, the gateway or platform checks the key segments of the environmental monitoring data. If a key segment is found to be missing, a targeted retransmission instruction is issued that specifies the missing time range or sequence number. The monitoring terminal then accurately retransmits the missing data according to the instruction.

[0104] Step one further includes:

[0105] Sub-step Real-time acquisition of environmental monitoring data from monitoring terminals and acquisition of channel quality index of monitoring terminals. The raw risk factors in environmental monitoring data are quantified to generate alarm threshold ratios. Parameter change range ratio Distance weighted value and historical alarm frequency ;

[0106] Sub-step Based on alarm threshold ratio Parameter change range ratio Distance weighted value and historical alarm frequency The risk heat value of the monitoring terminal is calculated using a multiplicative coupling method. ;

[0107] Risk heat value The calculation formula is:

[0108] ,

[0109] in, For monitoring terminals The current risk heat value, This is the risk correction factor;

[0110] Sub-step Preset high-risk threshold Continuously monitor risk heat value Changes are made, and key segments are marked.

[0111] The judgment criteria are: ≥ ,

[0112] When the risk heat value Exceeding the preset high-risk threshold Immediately, the risk intensity value will be... Exceeding the preset high-risk threshold Environmental monitoring data generated within the preceding and following time periods are marked as key segment data;

[0113] in, This is a high-risk threshold.

[0114] Step two further includes:

[0115] Sub-step Based on channel quality index Record the waiting time of the monitoring terminal since the last successful transmission. And determine the channel quality index Corresponding signal quality compensation item and waiting time Corresponding time interval compensation item ;

[0116] Sub-step Based on channel quality index Calculate the signal quality compensation term ;

[0117] Signal quality compensation item The calculation formula is:

[0118] ,

[0119] in, For signal quality compensation, The signal compensation coefficient;

[0120] Sub-step Based on the waiting time for acquisition Calculate the time interval compensation term ;

[0121] Time interval compensation item The calculation formula is:

[0122] ,

[0123] in, For time interval compensation, This is the time interval amplification factor;

[0124] Sub-step Based on risk heat value Signal quality compensation item and time interval compensation item The transmission urgency index of the monitoring terminal is dynamically calculated using a multiplicative coupling method. ;

[0125] Transmission urgency index The calculation formula is:

[0126] ,

[0127] in, For monitoring terminals The current transmission urgency index, For monitoring terminals The current risk heat value.

[0128] Step three further includes:

[0129] Sub-step Preset transmission urgency index high priority threshold and low priority threshold Based on the transmission urgency index All monitoring terminals that are about to send environmental monitoring data are divided into high-priority queues. Medium priority queue and low priority queues Hierarchical queues;

[0130] The criteria for determining the division of a hierarchical queue are:

[0131] like ≥ Add to high priority queue ;

[0132] like ≤ Medium priority queue ;

[0133] like Low-priority queue ;

[0134] in, As a high-priority threshold, Low priority threshold;

[0135] Sub-step The gateway or base station determines the high-priority queues based on the number and weight of the hierarchical queues. Medium priority queue and low priority queues The proportion of time slice resources reserved, with the largest proportion of channel time slice resources reserved for high-priority queues. ;

[0136] Channel time slice resources during the communication cycle The allocation formula is:

[0137] ,

[0138] And it meets the reservation ratio requirements:

[0139] ,

[0140] in, The total duration of channel time slice resources within the communication cycle. To reserve for high priority queues Duration of the time-sharing resource To reserve for medium priority queues Duration of the time-sharing resource To reserve for low-priority queues Duration of the video clip;

[0141] Sub-step Within the tiered queue, the gateway or base station determines the queue based on the recorded waiting time. Waiting time The longest monitoring terminal is given priority for transmission, and a round-robin mechanism is used for hierarchical time slice scheduling within the channel time slice resources reserved in the hierarchical queue.

[0142] Prioritize transmitting objects based on waiting time. The longest monitoring terminal gets the opportunity to send data within the time slice resources reserved for its queue;

[0143] The round-robin mechanism ensures that monitoring terminals in the hierarchical queue take turns obtaining time slice resources, so as to avoid long-term monopoly of channel resources by monitoring terminals.

[0144] Step four further includes:

[0145] Sub-step The gateway or base station continuously monitors the main transmission path. Real-time load rate And preset path load threshold ;

[0146] Main transmission path Real-time load rate The calculation formula is:

[0147] ,

[0148] in, Main transmission path The current real-time load rate, For the current main transmission path The bandwidth of data being transmitted or the time slice resources already used. Main transmission path The maximum transmission bandwidth or total time slice resources;

[0149] The path load threshold is used to determine the primary transmission path. A threshold indicating whether the device is in an available state;

[0150] Sub-step High-priority queue The monitoring terminal, based on the real-time load rate monitored. and path load threshold Perform path selection and determination;

[0151] High-priority queue The path selection criteria are:

[0152] ,

[0153] When real-time load rate The load did not exceed the preset path threshold. At that time, high priority queue The monitoring terminal should prioritize the main transmission path. Send data;

[0154] Sub-step Medium priority queue and low priority queues The monitoring terminal requests a switch to a backup transmission path with lower channel load. Alternatively, a delayed transmission decision can be made, or an alternative transmission path can be selected. Channel load It should meet the requirement of being lower than the real-time load rate. conditions;

[0155] Medium priority queue and low priority queues The path selection criteria are:

[0156] like Request to switch to alternative transmission path ;

[0157] like ≥ Marked as delayed;

[0158] in, This is the backup transmission path, which is also the primary transmission path. Alternative transmission paths in case of congestion; As a backup transmission path Channel load;

[0159] Delayed transmission uses the medium-priority queue. and low priority queues The environmental monitoring data to be sent is temporarily stored and awaits the execution of hierarchical time-slice scheduling in the next communication cycle.

[0160] Step five further includes:

[0161] Sub-step The gateway or platform receives environmental monitoring data transmitted by the monitoring terminal, and identifies the transmission window of the key segment data in the received environmental monitoring data based on the sequence number or timestamp of the marked key segment data.

[0162] Sub-step The continuity of sequence numbers or timestamps in the identified key segment data transmission windows is checked, and the amount of missing data in the key segment data is calculated. Perform a missing condition check;

[0163] The missing condition is: ,

[0164] Missing data volume The calculation formula is:

[0165] ,

[0166] in, This represents the total number of missing data units in the key segment data. This represents the total number of data units that should be present within the key segment data transmission window.

[0167] For the first The function for indicating the reception status of each data unit. This indicates that the data has been received. This indicates that data is missing;

[0168] Sub-step When a missing data is detected, the gateway or platform sends a message to the monitoring terminal specifying the time range for the missing data. Or missing serial number Targeted retransmission instructions;

[0169] The monitoring terminal, based on the targeted retransmission instruction, targets the missing time range. Or missing serial number The missing data is precisely retransmitted.

[0170] Among them, the targeted retransmission instruction is an instruction from the gateway or platform to request the monitoring terminal to retransmit specific missing data, and the instruction specifies the precise identifier of the missing data.

[0171] For the missing time range, This is a missing serial number.

[0172] By collecting environmental monitoring data in real time, and combining the current alarm threshold ratio, parameter change ratio, distance weighting value, and historical alarm frequency, the system scientifically calculates the risk heat value of the monitoring terminal using a multiplicative coupling method. This enables a precise and comprehensive quantitative assessment of the data risk level, avoiding the one-sidedness of single-dimensional assessment. Once the risk heat value exceeds the preset threshold, the system immediately marks the monitoring data generated within the time period before and after exceeding the preset threshold as key data segments. This ensures that in the event of a sudden environmental anomaly, the most important alarm data can be clearly identified and given priority by the system, providing a high-priority identification basis for subsequent transmission scheduling and integrity assurance.

[0173] Based on the calculated risk heat value, a signal quality compensation term negatively correlated with the channel quality index and a time interval compensation term positively correlated with the waiting time are introduced. The transmission urgency index is dynamically calculated using a multiplicative coupling method to form a comprehensive and dynamic transmission priority evaluation system. This system reflects the importance of the data itself and considers the quality of the transmission link and the urgency of waiting for transmission. It ensures that terminals with poor channel quality or those that have not transmitted data for a long time can receive an urgency boost, achieving synergistic optimization of data risk, channel status, and transmission fairness, and providing a scientific and dynamic quantitative basis for hierarchical scheduling.

[0174] Based on a dynamically calculated transmission urgency index, all monitoring terminals awaiting transmission of environmental monitoring data are clearly divided into high-priority, medium-priority, and low-priority queues. During the communication cycle, the gateway or base station reserves the largest proportion of channel time slice resources for the high-priority queue. The hierarchical time slice scheduling is carried out through a round-robin mechanism that prioritizes the longest waiting time. This ensures, on a macro level, that high-risk, high-urgency data has dedicated and sufficient transmission channels, avoiding resource congestion during channel conflicts. At the micro level, the round-robin mechanism also ensures transmission fairness within the queue, solving the problems of important data being blocked and low-priority terminals being starved under traditional competition mechanisms.

[0175] Based on the tiered queue determination results, for monitoring terminals in high-priority queues, the main transmission path is prioritized for use, provided that the load on the main transmission path does not exceed a preset threshold, ensuring that critical data arrives quickly via the optimal path. For monitoring terminals in medium- and low-priority queues, a switch to a backup transmission path with lower channel load is requested, or the data is directly marked for delayed transmission. This priority-based differentiated path selection strategy enables refined management of transmission resources, prioritizing the bandwidth of the main transmission path for the most urgent data, effectively diverting non-urgent data flows, significantly alleviating congestion in the backbone network, and improving the transmission efficiency and reliability of the IoT system.

[0176] After the gateway or platform receives environmental monitoring data, it performs a continuity check on the marked key data segments using sequence numbers or timestamps. If any missing data is found, it immediately issues a targeted retransmission instruction specifying the missing time range or missing sequence number. The monitoring terminal performs precise retransmission for the missing data indicated by the missing time range or missing sequence number. This avoids redundant retransmission of data packets or full-time data in traditional methods, greatly saves channel resources and terminal energy consumption, significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of data retransmission, and meets the strict requirements of security compliance for the traceability of data during critical periods.

[0177] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method for data transmission in the Internet of Things (IoT), characterized in that, include: Step 1: Collect environmental monitoring data and channel quality index from the monitoring terminal in real time. Calculate the risk heat value of the monitoring terminal based on the collected environmental monitoring data. Once the risk heat value exceeds the preset threshold, immediately mark the monitoring data generated in the time period before and after exceeding the preset threshold as key segment data. Step 2: Based on the channel quality index, record the waiting time of the monitoring terminal since the last successful transmission. Based on the risk heat value, channel quality index, and waiting time, use a multiplicative coupling method to dynamically calculate the transmission urgency index of the monitoring terminal. Step 3: Based on the value of the transmission urgency index, all monitoring terminals that need to send environmental monitoring data are divided into hierarchical queues. The gateway or base station reserves the largest proportion of channel time slice resources for the high-priority queues in the hierarchical queues during the communication cycle and performs hierarchical time slice scheduling. Step 4: Monitoring terminals in high-priority queues prioritize the main transmission path whose current load does not exceed the preset threshold. Monitoring terminals in medium- and low-priority queues request to switch to an alternative transmission path with low channel load or mark it as a delayed transmission. Step 5: After receiving the environmental monitoring data, the gateway or platform checks the key segments of the environmental monitoring data. If a key segment is found to be missing, a targeted retransmission instruction is issued that specifies the missing time range or sequence number. The monitoring terminal then accurately retransmits the missing data according to the instruction.

2. The wireless communication method for Internet of Things data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The risk heat value is a comprehensive quantification of the current alarm threshold ratio, the magnitude ratio of parameter changes, the distance weighting value from the monitoring point to the key area, and the historical alarm frequency of the area to which the monitoring point belongs.

3. The wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step one further includes: Sub-step Real-time acquisition of environmental monitoring data from the monitoring terminal and acquisition of the channel quality index of the monitoring terminal. The raw risk factors in the environmental monitoring data are quantified to generate alarm threshold ratios. Parameter change range ratio Distance weighted value and historical alarm frequency ; Sub-step Based on alarm threshold ratio Parameter change range ratio Distance weighted value and historical alarm frequency The risk heat value of the monitoring terminal is calculated using a multiplicative coupling method. ; The risk heat value The calculation formula is: ， in, For monitoring terminals The current risk heat value, This is the risk correction factor; Sub-step Preset high-risk threshold Continuously monitor the aforementioned risk heat value Changes are made, and key segments are marked. The judgment criteria are: ≥ , When the risk heat value Exceeding the preset high-risk threshold Immediately, the risk intensity value will be... Exceeding the preset high-risk threshold Environmental monitoring data generated within the preceding and following time periods are marked as key segment data; in, This is a high-risk threshold.

4. The wireless communication method for Internet of Things data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step two further includes: Sub-step Based on channel quality index Record the waiting time of the monitoring terminal since the last successful transmission. And determine the channel quality index Corresponding signal quality compensation item and waiting time Corresponding time interval compensation item ; Sub-step Based on channel quality index Calculate the signal quality compensation term ; The signal quality compensation item The calculation formula is: ， in, For signal quality compensation, The signal compensation coefficient; Sub-step Based on the waiting time for acquisition Calculate the time interval compensation term ; The time interval compensation item The calculation formula is: ， in, For time interval compensation, This is the time interval amplification factor; Sub-step Based on risk heat value Signal quality compensation item and time interval compensation item The transmission urgency index of the monitoring terminal is dynamically calculated using a multiplicative coupling method. ; The transmission urgency index The calculation formula is: ， in, For monitoring terminals The current transmission urgency index, For monitoring terminals The current risk heat value.

5. The wireless communication method for Internet of Things data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step three further includes: Sub-step Preset transmission urgency index high priority threshold and low priority threshold Based on the transmission urgency index All monitoring terminals that are about to send environmental monitoring data are divided into high-priority queues. Medium priority queue and low priority queues Hierarchical queues; The criteria for determining the division of the hierarchical queue are as follows: like ≥ Add to high priority queue ; like ≤ Medium priority queue ; like Low-priority queue ; in, As a high-priority threshold, Low priority threshold; Sub-step The gateway or base station determines the high-priority queues based on the number and weight of the hierarchical queues. Medium priority queue and low priority queues The proportion of time slice resources reserved, with the largest proportion of channel time slice resources reserved for high-priority queues. ; Channel time slice resources within the communication cycle The allocation formula is: ， And it meets the reservation ratio requirements: ， in, The total duration of channel time slice resources within the communication cycle. To reserve for high priority queues Duration of the time-sharing resource To reserve for medium priority queues Duration of the time-sharing resource To reserve for low-priority queues Duration of the video clip; Sub-step Within the tiered queue, the gateway or base station determines the order based on the recorded waiting time. Waiting time The longest monitoring terminal is given priority for transmission, and a round-robin mechanism is used for hierarchical time slice scheduling within the channel time slice resources reserved in the hierarchical queue. Prioritize transmitting objects based on waiting time. The longest monitoring terminal gets the opportunity to send data within the time slice resources reserved for its queue; The rotation mechanism ensures that monitoring terminals in the hierarchical queue take turns obtaining the time slice resources, so as to avoid the monitoring terminals monopolizing the channel resources for a long time.

6. The wireless communication method for Internet of Things data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step four further includes: Sub-step The gateway or base station continuously monitors the main transmission path. Real-time load rate And preset path load threshold ; The main transmission path Real-time load rate The calculation formula is: ， in, Main transmission path The current real-time load rate, For the current main transmission path The bandwidth of data being transmitted or the time slice resources already used. Main transmission path The maximum transmission bandwidth or total time slice resources; The path load threshold is used to determine the primary transmission path. A threshold indicating whether the device is in an available state; Sub-step The high-priority queue The monitoring terminal, based on the real-time load rate monitored. and path load threshold Perform path selection and determination; High-priority queue The path selection criteria are: ， When real-time load rate The load did not exceed the preset path threshold. At that time, the high-priority queue The monitoring terminal should prioritize the main transmission path. Send data; Sub-step The medium priority queue and low priority queues The monitoring terminal requests a switch to a backup transmission path with lower channel load. Alternatively, a delayed transmission decision may be made, and the backup transmission path may be used. Channel load It should meet the requirement of being lower than the real-time load rate. conditions; Medium priority queue and low priority queues The path selection criteria are: like Request to switch to alternative transmission path ; like ≥ Marked as delayed; in, This is the backup transmission path, which is also the primary transmission path. Alternative transmission paths in case of congestion; As a backup transmission path Channel load; Delayed transmission uses the medium-priority queue. and low priority queues The environmental monitoring data to be sent is temporarily stored and awaits the execution of hierarchical time-slice scheduling in the next communication cycle.

7. The wireless communication method for Internet of Things data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step five further includes: Sub-step The gateway or platform receives environmental monitoring data transmitted by the monitoring terminal, and identifies the transmission window of the key segment data in the received environmental monitoring data according to the sequence number or timestamp of the marked key segment data. Sub-step The continuity of the sequence number or timestamp of the identified key segment data transmission window is checked, and the amount of missing data in the key segment data is calculated. Perform a missing condition check; The missing condition is: , The amount of missing data The calculation formula is: ， in, This represents the total number of missing data units in the key segment data. This represents the total number of data units that should be present within the key segment data transmission window. For the first The receive status indication function for each data unit, This indicates that the data has been received. This indicates missing data; Sub-step When a missing data is detected, the gateway or platform sends a message to the monitoring terminal specifying the time range of the missing data. Or missing serial number Targeted retransmission instructions; The monitoring terminal, based on the directional retransmission instruction, targets the missing time range. Or missing serial number The missing data is precisely retransmitted. The targeted retransmission instruction is an instruction from the gateway or platform to request the monitoring terminal to retransmit specific missing data, and the instruction specifies the precise identifier of the missing data. For the missing time range, This is a missing serial number.

8. The wireless communication method for Internet of Things data transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that, The alarm threshold ratio The calculation formula is: ， in, This represents the alarm threshold ratio. This represents the current monitoring value of the environmental monitoring data. Preset alarm thresholds for environmental monitoring data. The preset maximum safety value for environmental monitoring data. This is the alarm threshold weighting coefficient.

9. A wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that, The signal compensation coefficient satisfy And the time interval amplification factor satisfy Among them, the signal compensation coefficient Value and time interval magnification factor The value is dynamically set according to the real-time and reliability requirements of the IoT application scenario.

10. A wireless communication method for Internet of Things (IoT) data transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that, The medium priority queue and low priority queues The monitoring terminal requests to switch to the backup transmission path. When the gateway or base station sends a path switching confirmation signal to the monitoring terminal, it can redirect the data stream of the monitoring terminal to the backup transmission path only after receiving the path switching confirmation signal. .

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