A wave-resistant gravity-type cage with a multi-stage buffer and energy dissipation structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a wave-resistant gravity-type net cage with a multi-level buffer energy dissipation structure, belonging to the field of marine aquaculture equipment technology. It includes a floating frame system, with a netting system at the bottom and an anchoring system extending outwards. The floating frame system comprises three annular floating tubes, annular floating tube one, annular floating tube two, and annular floating tube three, arranged sequentially from the inside out. These three annular floating tubes are connected by several buffer connecting devices arranged circumferentially. This invention solves the prominent technical problem of traditional gravity-type net cages, which, under the impact of wind and waves, suffer from concentrated and rapid transmission of impact energy due to rigid structural connections. This results in the net cage structure being subjected to enormous instantaneous stress and violent motion response, easily causing structural damage, anchoring failure, and stress on aquaculture organisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine aquaculture equipment technology, and in particular to a wave-resistant gravity cage with a multi-level buffer energy dissipation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional gravity-fed cages typically consist of a floating frame system, a netting system, and an anchoring system. The floating frame system mainly comprises floating pipes and their auxiliary structures, with the floating pipes being the main structure. These pipes are generally made of 2-3 circular high-density polyethylene (HDPE) coils and primarily provide buoyancy for the entire cage. Simultaneously, the floating frame structure bears the combined loads of wind, waves, and currents, absorbing and dispersing marine loads to maintain the overall safety of the cage.

[0003] Currently, the main deep-sea aquaculture equipment in my country still relies on HDPE double-floating-pipe gravity-type deep-sea net cages. In research on floating frame systems, the limitations of existing technologies lie in the fact that the floating pipes and their auxiliary structures typically use rigid or semi-rigid connections, neglecting the potential vibrations caused by wave impacts on the floating frame structure, leading to localized fatigue failure. To address these issues, industry and academia are primarily seeking breakthroughs in two directions: material flexibility and structural innovation. For example, the paper "Design of a Novel Composite Wave-Resistant Aquaculture Net Cage and its Stress Calculation in a Marine Environment" describes a composite net cage (… Figure 11 This design abandons the traditional annular floating tube frame, with its main structure consisting of two pairs of pontoons rigidly connected to both sides of the top of a three-dimensional floating frame. The netting is suspended below the aquaculture area enclosed by the three-dimensional floating frame. The mooring system is connected to this rigid three-dimensional floating frame. Its design aims to reduce "mid-bore and mid-sag phenomena" (i.e., bending deformation of the floats under wave action). Its working principle is that when waves arrive, the two pairs of pontoons can independently rise and fall with the waves. The rigid three-dimensional floating frame connecting them constrains the movement of the pontoons, causing them to "only move up and down," thus "making the entire net cage balanced and stable while floating." The symmetrical double-pontoon design aims to disperse wave forces. Although this scheme proposes a double-floating-body concept, its wave-resistant mechanism has inherent flaws: (1) Weak energy dissipation capacity. The pontoons are rigidly connected to the main frame. When wave energy is transferred from the pontoons to the three-dimensional floating frame, there is a lack of effective buffering and dissipation mechanisms. The energy is only transferred and redistributed, rather than absorbed and consumed.

[0004] (2) Stiff motion response. The rigid connection causes the system to "hard resist" rather than "soften" its response to waves. Under irregular waves, the asynchronous motion of the twin floats may generate unpredictable internal stresses within the rigid frame.

[0005] (3) Misalignment of the protected object. Its rigid frame directly suspends the netting and bears the mooring force, failing to isolate the netting and anchor ropes from impact. This is no different from the fundamental problem of traditional cages where "the netting and the floating frame share the same fate".

[0006] (4) The “slowing down” effect cannot be achieved. The entire system lacks elastic elements that can store and slowly release energy, and cannot achieve the smooth response goal of “making energy come slowly and go slowly” pursued by this invention.

[0007] Based on this, the present invention proposes a multi-level buffer energy dissipation structure for a wind and wave resistant gravity cage. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wind and wave resistant gravity cage with a multi-level buffer energy dissipation structure to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention discloses a wave-resistant gravity-type cage with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure, comprising a floating frame system, a netting system at the bottom of the floating frame system, and an anchoring system extending from the outer edge of the floating frame system; the floating frame system includes three annular floating tubes, annular floating tube one, annular floating tube two, and annular floating tube three, which are sequentially nested from the inside out, and are connected together by a plurality of buffer connecting devices, which are circumferentially distributed.

[0010] Furthermore, the three annular floats are arranged concentrically.

[0011] Furthermore, the buffer connection device includes a fixed connection seat disposed on the second annular floating tube, and a first slide rail slider mechanism and a second slide rail slider mechanism disposed on the first annular floating tube and the third annular floating tube, respectively. The fixed connection seat, the first slide rail slider mechanism, and the second slide rail slider mechanism are connected together by a number of symmetrically distributed linkage mechanisms.

[0012] Furthermore, the first and second slide rail slider mechanisms have the same structure, both including an arc-shaped sleeve. An arc-shaped slide rail is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of one end of the arc-shaped sleeve near the annular float tube. A limit block and a clamp are arranged between the left and right arc-shaped slide rails. A slider is slidably mounted on the arc-shaped slide rail, and the other end of the slider is connected to the linkage mechanism. A limit block and a clamp are arranged between adjacent first and second slide rail slider mechanisms. Springs are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the slider, with one end of the spring abutting against the slider and the other end abutting against the limit block.

[0013] Furthermore, the fixed connecting seat includes an arc-shaped sleeve II, with connecting plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the arc-shaped sleeve II, and the connecting plates and the arc-shaped sleeve II are connected together by a number of semi-circular fixed brackets symmetrically distributed vertically.

[0014] Furthermore, there are three pairs of the semi-circular fixing brackets, one pair of which is located in the middle position, and the other two pairs are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the arc-shaped sleeve. The semi-circular fixing brackets located in the middle are connected together by a pin assembly, and the semi-circular fixing brackets located at the ends are connected together by a bolt assembly.

[0015] Furthermore, the connecting plate includes several equally spaced rigid plates, and a flexible plate is provided between adjacent plates.

[0016] Furthermore, several of the arc-shaped slide rails are provided with grooves to restrict the movement of the slider and to accommodate the spring, and the cross-section of the arc-shaped slide rails has a mountain-shaped structure.

[0017] Furthermore, the linkage mechanism includes a telescopic buffer rod located in the middle position. One end of the telescopic buffer rod is provided with a ball head, and the other end is provided with a connecting end. The ball head is rotatably provided with a movable joint, and the movable joint is disposed together with the slider. A second spring is provided inside the telescopic buffer rod.

[0018] Furthermore, the included angle between the centers of adjacent buffer connection devices is 12°.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention proposes a wave-resistant gravity cage with a multi-level buffer and energy dissipation structure, which solves the prominent technical problem of traditional gravity cages being susceptible to structural damage, anchoring failure, and stress on aquaculture organisms due to the concentrated and rapid transmission of impact energy caused by rigid structural connections under the impact of wind and waves. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wind and wave resistant gravity cage structure with multi-level buffer energy dissipation structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the distribution structure of the floating frame system; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer connection device structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first slide rail slider mechanism; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an arc-shaped slide rail structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the slider structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a linkage mechanism. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spring structure. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed connector structure; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the floating frame system structure; Figure 11 This is a diagram of a duplex wire mesh cage structure; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer connection device relationship; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Floating frame system; 2. Netting system; 3. Mooring system; 4. Buffer connection device; 101. Circular Floating Pipe 1; 102. Circular Floating Pipe 2; 103. Circular Floating Pipe 3; 401. First slide rail slider mechanism; 402. Second slide rail slider mechanism; 403. Fixed connecting seat; 404. Linkage mechanism; 405. Clamp one; 406. Limiting block two; 4011. Arc-shaped sleeve one; 4012. Clamp two; 4013. Arc-shaped slide rail; 4014. Slider; 4015. Limiting block two; 4016. Spring one; 4031. Arc-shaped sleeve II; 4032. Rigid plate; 4033. Flexible plate; 4034. Semi-circular fixing bracket; 4035. Pin shaft; 4041. Movable joint; 4042. Telescopic buffer rod; 4043. Ball head; 4044. Connecting end; 4045. Spring 2. Detailed Implementation

[0022] like Figure 1-10As shown, a wave-resistant gravity-type net cage with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure includes a floating frame system 1, a netting system 2 installed at the bottom of the floating frame system 1, and an anchoring system 3 installed on the outer edge of the floating frame system 1. These three components work together to form the overall structure of the net cage, ensuring the stable operation of aquaculture. The floating frame system 1 includes, from the inside out, three annular floating tubes: a first annular floating tube 101, a second annular floating tube 102, and a third annular floating tube 103. These three tubes are concentrically installed and are preferably made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which has good corrosion resistance and buoyancy. The annular floating tubes 101, 102, and 103 are connected by several buffer connecting devices 4, which are distributed circumferentially. This structural design achieves "multi-level buffering and energy dissipation, and circumferentially distributed collaborative energy dissipation," which is completely different from the traditional approach of "rigid resistance" or "local buffering" in existing technologies. In this implementation, the buffering function is modularized and unitized, and evenly distributed along the entire circumference of the floating frame system, so that the cage is completely transformed from a "structure that passively withstands impacts" into an "adaptive system that actively dissipates energy." Since the buffer units (buffer connection devices 4) are circumferentially distributed and interconnected through annular floating pipes 2 102, when one side of the floating frame system 1 is impacted by waves, the impact force will be transmitted circumferentially through annular floating pipes 2 102, thereby triggering the collaborative response of other buffer connection devices 4 on the circumference. That is, at the moment when one side of the floating frame system 1 is impacted by waves, annular floating pipes 2 102 exhibit a relatively static tendency due to the constraint of the anchoring system 3 and its own inertia, while one side of annular floating pipes 3 103 is squeezed by the impact force to buffer the connection device. The connecting device 4 moves closer to the second annular floating pipe 102, while the other side of the third annular floating pipe 103 is stretched by inertial force, causing the buffer connecting device 4 to move away from the second annular floating pipe 102. Meanwhile, the first annular floating pipe 101 is stretched by impact force on one side, causing the buffer connecting device 4 to move away from the second annular floating pipe 102, while the other side of the first annular floating pipe 101 is squeezed by inertial force, causing the buffer connecting device 4 to move closer to the second annular floating pipe 102. This creates a "compression on one side, stretching on the other" linkage effect. This design not only effectively disperses wave loads, but more importantly, through the "energy storage-release" cycle of numerous buffer connecting devices 4, it significantly prolongs the impact and structural recovery time, truly achieving a smooth dynamic response of "slow energy arrival and slow energy departure." This minimizes the damage to the cage structure caused by wave impacts, effectively protects the living environment of the aquaculture organisms inside the cage, and improves the cage's resistance to wind and waves and the safety of aquaculture.

[0023] The buffer connection device 4 is preferably made of seawater-resistant aluminum alloy (such as 5083-H111) or 316L stainless steel, including a fixed connection seat 403 installed on the second annular float 102, and a first slide rail slider mechanism 401 and a second slide rail slider mechanism 402 respectively installed on the first annular float 101 and the third annular float 103. The fixed connection seat 403, the first slide rail slider mechanism 401, and the second slide rail slider mechanism 402 are connected together by a number of symmetrically distributed linkage mechanisms 404.

[0024] Specifically, when waves act on the floating frame system, causing radial displacement, circumferential offset, or vertical undulation of annular floating tube 101 and annular floating tube 3 relative to the middle annular floating tube 2 102, the buffer connection device 4 will synchronously initiate an adaptive action. The specific process is as follows: Initial state: Annular float tube 101, Annular float tube 2 102, and Annular float tube 3 103 are in a coaxial and concentric state. Fixed connecting seat 403 is firmly installed on Annular float tube 2 102. First slide rail slider mechanism 401 and second slide rail slider mechanism 402 are fixed to Annular float tube 101 and Annular float tube 3 103 respectively. Linkage mechanism 404 is symmetrically distributed between fixed connecting seat and two pairs of slide rail slider mechanisms, and is in a naturally extended and balanced state.

[0025] Force triggering: When one side or a part is impacted by waves, the annular float 101 (inner side) or the annular float 3 103 (outer side) will first be displaced, causing the corresponding first slide rail slider mechanism 401 or second slide rail slider mechanism 402 to slide along the slide rail direction, breaking the initial equilibrium state; at this time, the linkage mechanism 404 connected to the slide rail slider mechanism is subjected to pushing or pulling force, and begins to deflect and extend.

[0026] Buffering and energy dissipation and coordinated linkage: During the extension and deflection of the linkage mechanism 404, it will buffer and dissipate part of the wave energy through its own structural deformation, and at the same time transmit the remaining impact force to the annular floating tube 102 through the fixed connecting seat 403. Since the buffer connecting device 4 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the floating frame system, the annular floating tube 102 will transmit the impact force circumferentially to the buffer connecting devices on other circumferences, triggering the coordinated action of adjacent buffer connecting devices - the linkage mechanism on one side is compressed and the other side is stretched, forming a linked buffering effect.

[0027] Reset and Stabilization: When the wave impact force weakens or disappears, the linkage mechanism 404, which is in the extension and deflection state, will drive the slide rail slider mechanism to reset under the action of its own elastic restoring force or the buoyancy of the float tube, and return to the initial equilibrium position. This will then drive the three pairs of annular float tubes to restore their coaxial and concentric state, completing one buffer-reset cycle, continuously coping with subsequent wave impacts, and achieving the goal of a smooth response where "energy comes slowly and goes slowly".

[0028] The first slide rail slider mechanism 401 and the second slide rail slider mechanism 402 have the same structure, both including an arc-shaped sleeve 4011. Arc-shaped slide rails 4013 are symmetrically installed on one end of the arc-shaped sleeve 4011 near the annular float tube 102. A limiting block 4015 and a clamp 4012 are installed between the left and right arc-shaped slide rails 4013. The limiting block 4015 not only limits movement but also works with the clamp 4012 to connect the left and right arc-shaped slide rails 4013 together. A slider 4014 is slidably installed on the arc-shaped slide rail 4013. A groove is provided on the arc-shaped slide rail 4013 to slide within the slider 4014. The other end of the slider 4014 is connected to the connecting rod mechanism 404. Limiting blocks 406 and clamps 405 are installed between adjacent first slide rail slider mechanisms 401 and second slide rail slider mechanisms 402, meaning that the first slide rail slider mechanism 401 and the second slide rail slider mechanism 402 are spliced ​​and fastened into a whole by limiting blocks 406 and clamps 405. Figure 12 As shown in this embodiment, several arc-shaped sleeves 4011 are spliced ​​together by limiting blocks 406 and clamps 405 to form a ring structure, which constitutes a modular, sliding, multi-level buffered ring energy dissipation unit for the cage floating frame. Through segmented hinges and limiting sliding, it can achieve flexible deformation, dissipate energy, distribute load, and prevent overall breakage under the impact of wind and waves, thereby improving the cage's resistance to wind and waves and structural safety.

[0029] Spring 4016 is symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the slider 4014. One end of spring 4016 abuts against the slider 4014, and the other end abuts against the limiting block 406 / limiting block 4015. Spring 4016 is located in the groove of the arc-shaped slide rail 4013. The groove is used to accommodate and limit spring 4016, prevent spring 4016 from deviating, and ensure that the elastic force is stably transmitted along the sliding direction.

[0030] As the core component of the buffer connection device 4, the slide rail slider mechanism relies on its own structure to link the annular float tube and the linkage mechanism 404 to achieve buffering, guiding and resetting functions, as detailed below: First, in the initial state: the mechanism is fixed to the annular float tube 101 by the clamps 4012 at both ends and in the middle of the arc-shaped sleeve 4011. The middle clamp 4012 is connected to the limiting block 4015 of the arc-shaped slide rail 4013 to ensure the stability of the arc-shaped slide rail 4013. The arc-shaped slide rail 4013 is installed at one end of the arc-shaped sleeve 4011 near the annular float tube 102. The slider 4014 is slidably assembled on the arc-shaped slide rail 4013 and is limited to the middle area by the limiting block 4015. The springs 4016 on both sides of the slider 4014 extend naturally, and the two ends abut against the slider 4014 and the end of the arc-shaped sleeve 4011 and the limiting block 4015, respectively. The other end of the slider 4014 is connected to the linkage mechanism 404, and the whole is in a balanced state. Secondly, the force triggers the movement: the wave causes the annular float tube 101 to shift, which in turn causes the arc-shaped sleeve 4011 and the arc-shaped slide rail 4013 to move synchronously via the clamp 4012; the slider 4014, affected by the reaction force of the linkage mechanism 404 or the displacement of the arc-shaped slide rail 4013, slides along the arc-shaped slide rail 4013 and deviates from its initial position. One side of the spring 4016 is compressed and the other side is stretched, generating a reverse elastic restoring force, achieving initial buffering. Thirdly, the buffer guides the movement: the arc-shaped slide rail 4013 provides precise guidance for the slider 4014, preventing deviation and jamming; the spring 4016 dissipates energy through elastic deformation and slows down the slider 4014, preventing rigid impact; the limit block 4015 restricts excessive sliding of the slider 4014, protecting the spring 4016 and the slider 4014 from damage. Finally, the system stabilizes upon reset: after the wave impact force disappears, spring 4016 releases its restoring force, pushing slider 4014 back along arc-shaped slide rail 4013 to its initial position where it abuts against limit block 4015, and spring 4016 returns to its natural state; arc-shaped sleeve 4011 and arc-shaped slide rail 4013 reset along with annular float tube 101, and slider 4014 drives linkage mechanism 404 to reset synchronously, completing one complete action cycle.

[0031] The fixed connecting seat 403 includes an arc-shaped sleeve 4031. Connecting plates are symmetrically installed on both sides of the arc-shaped sleeve 4031. The connecting plates and the arc-shaped sleeve 4031 are connected together by a plurality of semi-circular fixing brackets 4034 symmetrically distributed vertically. There are three pairs of semi-circular fixing brackets 4034, one pair located in the middle position, and the other two pairs symmetrically installed at both ends of the arc-shaped sleeve 4031. The middle semi-circular fixing brackets 4034 are connected together by a pin assembly, and the end semi-circular fixing brackets 4034 are connected together by a bolt assembly.

[0032] The connecting plate includes several equally spaced rigid plates 4032, with flexible plates 4033 installed between adjacent plates 4032. The cooperation between the rigid plates 4032 and the flexible plates 4033 provides the connecting plate with a certain degree of flexible deformation capability, buffering the impact load transmitted by the linkage mechanism 404, avoiding rigid stress concentration, and protecting the connecting parts from damage.

[0033] The cross-section of several of the aforementioned arc-shaped slide rails 4013 is shaped like a mountain, with a central bulge forming a guide rail and grooves on both sides to accommodate springs 4016 and to laterally limit the slider 4014, preventing it from derailing and moving away from the springs 4016. Simultaneously, the mountain-shaped structure of the arc-shaped slide rails 4013 enhances their structural strength and load-bearing capacity, enabling them to stably withstand the impact force transmitted by the linkage mechanism 404. Furthermore, the mountain-shaped structure disperses the force, preventing deformation of the arc-shaped slide rails 4013 due to excessive localized stress, thus ensuring overall load-bearing performance.

[0034] The action process is as follows: First, in the initial state: the fixed connecting seat 403 is attached and fixed to the annular floating tube 102 through the arc-shaped sleeve 4031. The three pairs of semi-circular fixed brackets 4034 (one pair in the middle and two pairs at the ends) are firmly connected to the arc-shaped sleeve 4031 and the connecting plate through pin assemblies and bolt assemblies, respectively. The connecting plate has several mountain-shaped hard plates 4032 and soft plates 4033 that are alternately and equidistantly distributed, in a natural state. The side of the connecting plate away from the arc-shaped sleeve 4031 is connected to the linkage mechanism 404. The overall structure is stable and in a balanced state.

[0035] Secondly, the force triggers: when the wave impacts the floating frame system 1, the linkage mechanism 404 extends, deflects and generates impact force. The impact force is transmitted through the connecting plate to the semi-circular fixed bracket 4034, then to the arc-shaped sleeve 4031, and finally to the annular floating tube 102. At this time, the connecting plate is pushed and pulled by the linkage mechanism 404 and begins to deform slightly.

[0036] Then, buffering and stress relief: when the connecting plate is subjected to force, the soft plate 4033 undergoes slight flexible deformation, dissipating some of the impact energy and mitigating the impact force on the overall structure; the hard plate 4032, with its own high strength, stably bears and transmits the remaining impact force, preventing the connecting plate from undergoing excessive deformation; at the same time, the soft plate 4033 suppresses the slight rotation of the linkage mechanism 404 through the pin assembly, buffering the steering impact force, and the end semi-circular fixed bracket 4034 is rigidly connected through the bolt assembly to prevent relative displacement between the connecting plate and the arc-shaped sleeve 4031, ensuring stable force transmission.

[0037] Finally, the system stabilizes upon reset: when the wave impact weakens or disappears, the force of the linkage mechanism 404 dissipates, the flexible plate 4033 returns to its natural state, and the connecting plate resets; the linkage mechanism 404 rotates back to its initial position through the pin assembly, and the arc-shaped sleeve 4031, the semi-circular fixed bracket 4034, and the connecting plate all return to their initial equilibrium state, completing one cycle of "force-buffering-transmission-reset", continuously cooperating with the buffer connection device 4 to achieve multi-level buffering and energy dissipation.

[0038] The linkage mechanism 404 includes a retractable buffer rod 4042 located in the middle. One end of the retractable buffer rod 4042 is equipped with a ball head 4043, and the other end is equipped with a connecting end 4044. The ball head 4043 is rotatably equipped with a movable joint 4041, which is installed together with the slider 4014. The ball head 4043, in conjunction with the movable joint 4041, enables multi-directional rotation, adapting to the angle changes of the slider 4014 as it slides along the arc-shaped slide rail 4013. This ensures flexible connection between the linkage mechanism 404 and the slider 4014, avoids jamming or force jamming caused by angle deviation, and ensures smooth force transmission. The retractable buffer rod 4042 is internally fitted with a second spring 4045, enabling length extension and retraction to accommodate the relative displacement between the slider 4014 and the fixed connecting seat 403. It also provides installation space for the second spring 4045. Through its own extension and retraction in conjunction with the second spring 4045, it buffers and dissipates the impact energy transmitted by waves, avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid force transmission. The internal bearing of the moving link 4041 requires a waterproof sealing design and is filled with marine grease to adapt to the humid, high-salt environment of marine aquaculture. This prevents seawater from entering the bearing and causing corrosion or jamming. Simultaneously, the marine grease reduces bearing rotational friction, ensuring the flexible rotation of the moving joint 4041, extending the service life of the linkage mechanism 404, and ensuring its long-term stable operation.

[0039] The action process is as follows: First, in the initial state: the linkage mechanism 404 is firmly connected to the slider 4014 through the movable joint 4041, and connected to the fixed connecting seat 403 through the connecting end 4044, and the whole is in a state of tension and balance; the telescopic buffer rod 4042 is at its initial length, and the internal spring 4045 is in a naturally extended state; the ball head 4043 and the movable joint 4041 cooperate flexibly, and the internal bearing of the movable joint 4041 maintains good rotational performance under the waterproof sealing design and marine grease.

[0040] Secondly, the force triggering mechanism: when waves impact the floating frame system 1, the slider 4014 slides along the arc-shaped slide rail 4013, which drives the movable joint 4041 to rotate synchronously. The ball head 4043 rotates flexibly with the angle change of the movable joint 4041, avoiding jamming of the linkage mechanism 404. At the same time, the displacement of the slider 4014 generates a pushing and pulling force on the movable joint 4041. This force is transmitted to the telescopic buffer rod 4042, which pushes the telescopic buffer rod 4042 to undergo telescopic deformation, and the internal spring 4045 is compressed or stretched accordingly.

[0041] Then, the force is buffered and transmitted: during the extension and retraction of the telescopic buffer rod 4042, the internal spring 4045 dissipates part of the impact energy through elastic deformation, slowing down the transmission speed of the force and achieving a buffering effect; at the same time, the telescopic buffer rod 4042 transmits the buffered force to the fixed connecting seat 403 through the connecting end 4044, and then to the annular float tube 102, completing the force transmission; during this process, the internal bearing of the movable joint 4041, protected by waterproof seals and marine grease, always maintains flexible rotation, ensuring smooth force transmission and avoiding jamming or corrosion affecting the movement.

[0042] Finally, the mechanism stabilizes upon reset: when the wave impact weakens or disappears, the slider 4014 resets under the action of the spring 4016, and the pushing and pulling force on the movable joint 4041 dissipates. At this time, the spring 4045 inside the telescopic buffer rod 4042 releases its elastic restoring force, pushing the telescopic buffer rod 4042 back to its initial length. The ball head 4043 and the movable joint 4041 rotate back to their initial angle, and the movable joint 4041 resets synchronously with the slider 4014. The entire linkage mechanism 404 returns to its initial equilibrium state, completing one cycle of "force-rotation-extension-buffering-force transmission-reset". It continuously cooperates with the buffer connection device 4 to achieve multi-level buffering and energy dissipation, and the waterproof sealing structure of the movable joint 4041 always plays a role, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the mechanism.

[0043] The included angle between the centers of adjacent buffer connection devices 4 is 12°, which is compatible with the circumferential distributed collaborative energy dissipation architecture of the floating frame system: 30 buffer units can be evenly distributed within a 360° circumference to achieve uniform distribution of wave loads and avoid local stress concentration; ensure that each device works together when impacted on one side to enhance the buffering and energy dissipation effect and help achieve the goal of "slow energy in and slow energy out"; at the same time, balance structural stability and economy, with a reasonable number of control devices to avoid interference between components and ensure the stable operation of the floating frame system.

[0044] The working process of this invention is as follows: In the initial state, the annular float tube 101, annular float tube 2 102, and annular float tube 3 103 of the floating frame system 1 are coaxial and concentric, and each buffer connection device 4 (30 evenly distributed at a 12° circumferential angle) is in a balanced state. The first slide rail slider mechanism 401, the second slide rail slider mechanism 402, the fixed connecting seat 403, and the linkage mechanism 404 are all in their initial positions. Springs 1 4016 and 2 4045 are naturally extended, and the movable joint 4041 remains flexible. When waves impact the floating frame, the annular float tube 101 and annular float tube 3 103 are displaced, respectively driving the sliders 4014 of the first slide rail slider mechanism 401 and the second slide rail slider mechanism 402 to slide along their respective arc-shaped slide rails 4013, compressing or stretching spring 1 4016. Initial buffering occurs; the displacement of slider 4014 is transmitted through linkage mechanism 404, movable joint 4041 and ball head 4043 rotate flexibly to adapt to the angle, telescopic buffer rod 4042 extends and retracts and further dissipates energy through internal spring 4045; then, the force is transmitted to fixed connecting seat 403 through linkage mechanism 404, soft plate 4033 deforms to assist buffering, hard plate 4032 stably transmits force to annular float tube 102, and then through the circumferentially evenly distributed buffer connecting device 4 to coordinate and link, disperse the load and release energy smoothly; finally, when the wave impact force subsides, spring 4016 and spring 4045 release the restoring force, driving each component to reset, the float and each buffer structure return to initial balance, completing one buffer-energy dissipation-reset cycle, and continuously achieving wave protection.

[0045] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wave-resistant gravity-type gabion with a multi-stage buffer and energy dissipation structure, characterized in that: The system includes a floating frame system (1), with a netting system (2) at the bottom and an anchoring system (3) at the outer edge of the floating frame system (1). The floating frame system (1) includes annular floating tube one (101), annular floating tube two (102) and annular floating tube three (103) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The annular floating tube one (101), annular floating tube two (102) and annular floating tube three (103) are connected together by several buffer connecting devices (4), and the several buffer connecting devices (4) are distributed circumferentially.

2. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three annular floating tubes (101, 102, and 103) are arranged concentrically.

3. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer connection device (4) includes a fixed connection seat (403) disposed on the second annular floating tube (102), and a first slide rail slider mechanism (401) and a second slide rail slider mechanism (402) disposed on the first annular floating tube (101) and the third annular floating tube (103) respectively. The fixed connection seat (403), the first slide rail slider mechanism (401), and the second slide rail slider mechanism (402) are connected together by a number of symmetrically distributed linkage mechanisms (404).

4. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first slide rail slider mechanism (401) and the second slide rail slider mechanism (402) have the same structure, both including an arc-shaped sleeve (4011). An arc-shaped slide rail (4013) is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the arc-shaped sleeve (4011) near the end of the annular float tube (102). A limit block (4015) and a clamp (4012) are arranged between the left and right arc-shaped slide rails (4013). A slider (4014) is slidably arranged on the arc-shaped slide rail (4013). The other end of the slider (4014) is disposed together with the linkage mechanism (404); a limit block (406) and a clamp (405) are disposed between adjacent first slide rail slider mechanism (401) / second slide rail slider mechanism (402); springs (4016) are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the slider (4014); one end of the spring (4016) abuts against the slider (4014), and the other end abuts against the limit block (406) / limit block (4015).

5. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed connecting seat (403) includes an arc-shaped sleeve two (4031), and connecting plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the arc-shaped sleeve two (4031). The connecting plates and the arc-shaped sleeve two (4031) are connected together by a number of semi-circular fixed brackets (4034) symmetrically distributed vertically.

6. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the semi-circular fixing brackets (4034) is three pairs, one pair is located in the middle position, and the other two pairs are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the arc-shaped sleeve (4031); the semi-circular fixing brackets (4034) located in the middle are set together by a pin assembly, and the semi-circular fixing brackets (4034) located at the ends are set together by a bolt assembly.

7. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting plate includes several equally spaced rigid plates (4032), and a flexible plate (4033) is provided between adjacent plates (4032).

8. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The arc-shaped slide rails (4013) are provided with grooves to restrict the movement of the slider (4014) and to accommodate the spring (4016). The cross-section of the arc-shaped slide rails (4013) is in the shape of a mountain.

9. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism (404) includes a telescopic buffer rod (4042) located in the middle position. One end of the telescopic buffer rod (4042) is provided with a ball head (4043), and the other end is provided with a connecting end (4044). The ball head (4043) is rotatably provided with a movable joint (4041), and the movable joint (4041) is provided together with the slider (4014). A second spring (4045) is provided inside the telescopic buffer rod (4042).

10. The wave-resistant gravity-fed gabion with a multi-stage buffer energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between the centers of the adjacent buffer connection devices (4) is 12°.

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