Method for manufacturing spectacle lenses including structured coatings and spectacle lenses

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for manufacturing spectacle lenses, the method comprising the step of curing a structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens, the structure of the structured coating providing reduced light reflection for the spectacle lens, the structured coating material being a coating material that forms a coating providing enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating, the method being characterized in that the coating material forming the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing spectacle lenses according to the preamble of claim 1, or alternatively to the preamble of any one of claims 2, 4 and 5, and to a spectacle lens according to the preamble of claim 13, or alternatively to the preamble of claim 14. Background Technology

[0002] CN 109 975 896 A1 discloses an anti-reflective lens. Its anti-reflective layer is formed by embedding a template with a nanopattern into a sol-gel composition on the surface of the lens body, and after curing the sol-gel composition and removing the template, the anti-reflective layer includes nanostructures corresponding to the nanopattern.

[0003] WO 2017 / 025128 A1 discloses an article having a hydrophobic nanotextured surface, the nanotextured surface comprising an array of pillars defined by the surface fraction of the pillars, the pitch of the pillars, and the aspect ratio of the pillars.

[0004] The problem to be solved Unlike WO 2017 / 025128 A1, page 5, lines 3-6 (describing the material of the uncoated nanotextured surface as a hydrophobic material), together with WO 2017 / 025128 A1, page 5, lines 6-9 (describing the article as a transparent article), together with WO 2017 / 025128 A1, page 6, lines 1-3 (describing the selection of column height to obtain an anti-reflective nanotextured surface), together with WO 2017 / 025128 A1, page 14, lines 26-30 (preparation of an article with a nanostructured surface by nanoimprint lithography), the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide eyeglass lenses with additional enhanced abrasion resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem is solved by the method according to claim 1, alternatively according to claim 2, alternatively according to claim 4, alternatively according to claim 5, and by the spectacle lens according to claim 13, alternatively according to claim 14.

[0006] The method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. And the characteristic of this method is that - The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the eyeglass lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating.

[0007] The method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, When the Bayer ratio of the spectacle lens including the coating is equal to or greater than at least one of the following Bayer ratios, the coating provides the enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the abrasion resistance of a spectacle lens without the coating: (i) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 3. (ii) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 3.5, (iii) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4. (iv) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 4.5, The Bayer ratio was determined to be the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens including the coating, or The Bayer ratio was determined as the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens without the coating, and each haze difference was determined as the haze difference after wear in the presence of abrasive media compared to the previous haze difference.

[0008] Alternatively, a method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, The coating material contains a fluorine-free surfactant.

[0009] Alternatively, a method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, The coating material contains surfactants that fall within one of the following ranges: A) The range is from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight. B) 0.2% to 1.4% by weight, C) The range is from 0.3% to 1.3% by weight. D) The range is from 0.4% to 1.2% by weight. Each is based on the total weight of the coating material.

[0010] Alternatively, a method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, The coating material comprises i) a hydrolyzed organosilane selected from at least one of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane; and ii) an epoxide in which the hydrolyzed organosilane and the epoxide are in at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 7% to 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 8% to 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane.

[0011] As defined in Clause 3.5.2 of ISO 13666:2019(E), a "spectacle lens" is an ophthalmic lens worn in front of the eye but not in contact with the eyeball (3.5.1). Preferably, the spectacle lens is a colorless and clear spectacle lens, as defined in Clause 3.5.7 of ISO 13666:2019(E), whereby a colorless and clear spectacle lens is defined as a spectacle lens that has no intended color / tint when transmitted (3.5.2). Alternatively, spectacle lenses may be selected from the group consisting of: tinted spectacle lenses, as defined in Clause 3.5.6 of ISO 13666:2019(E); photochromic spectacle lenses, as defined in Clause 3.5.11 of ISO 13666:2019(E); and polarized spectacle lenses, as defined in Clause 3.5.12 of ISO 13666:2019(E). With respect to tinted spectacle lenses, a distinct color under transmission can be achieved by (i) the optical material of the spectacle lens or by (ii) adding one or more surface layers to the spectacle lens. With respect to photochromic spectacle lenses, a reversible change in light transmittance can be achieved by (i) the optical material of the spectacle lens or by (ii) adding one or more surface layers to the spectacle lens. Regarding polarized spectacle lenses, differential absorption can be achieved by (i) embedding at least one of a single-layer polarizing film and a multi-layer polarizing film in the optical material of the spectacle lens, or by (ii) adding to one or more surface layers of the spectacle lens. As defined in Clause 3.3.1 of ISO 13666:2019(E), the optical material is a transparent material capable of being manufactured into an optical component. The optical material is preferably selected from one of the thermosetting hard resins as defined in Clause 3.3.3 of ISO 13666:2019(E) and the thermoplastic hard resins as defined in Clause 3.3.4 of ISO 13666:2019(E).

[0012] Similar to the definition in Clause 3.71 of ISO 4618:2023(E), "curing" is defined as the process of transforming a coating material from its original state into a stable solid coating (3.46). Preferably, similar to Note 1 to Clause 3.71 of ISO 4618:2023(E), curing is achieved by at least one of heat, UV radiation, electron beam radiation, and a catalyst. Similar to the definition in Clause 3.37 of ISO 4618:2023(E), a catalyst is a substance that promotes the chemical curing of the coating material (3.71). Therefore, curing the coating material on the surface of a spectacle lens is the process of transforming the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens from its original state into a stable solid coating on the surface of the spectacle lens. Preferably, the curing of the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is achieved by UV radiation, preferably in the presence of a photoinitiator. Preferably, the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is UV cured, and the resulting coating on the surface of the spectacle lens is post-cured by heat. Preferably, curing the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is the final step in the manufacture of the spectacle lens. Preferably, in a previous step, a coating material is applied to the surface of the spectacle lens. For example, the coating material is applied to the surface of the spectacle lens via spin coating.

[0013] Similar to the definition in Clause 3.71 of ISO 4618:2023(E), "curing a structured coating material" is defined as the process by which a structured coating material is transformed from its original state into a structured, stable solid coating. Preferably, similar to Note 1 to Clause 3.71 of ISO 4618:2023(E), the curing of the structured coating material is achieved by at least one of heat, UV radiation, electron beam radiation, and a catalyst. Therefore, curing a structured coating material on the surface of an eyeglass lens is the process by which a structured coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens is transformed from its original state into a structured, stable solid coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. In other words, the structured coating material is cured in the presence and retention of the structure, i.e., the structure is the same in the coating material before and after curing. Preferably, the curing of the structured coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens is achieved by UV radiation, preferably in the presence of a photoinitiator. Preferably, the structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is UV-cured, and the resulting structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens is thermally post-cured. Preferably, curing the structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is the final step in manufacturing the spectacle lens. Preferably, the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is structured in a previous step. For example, the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is structured by nanoimprint lithography or UV-nanoimprint lithography.

[0014] Similar to the definition in Clause 3.171 of ISO 4618:2023(E), a “structured coating material” is defined as a coating material having a surface structure. A structured coating material on the surface of an eyeglass lens is a structured coating material that is applied to the surface of the eyeglass lens, i.e., the coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens has a surface structure. Similar to the definition in Clause 3.246 of ISO 4618:2023(E), the surface structure of a structured coating material is defined as the shape or form of the surface of the structured coating material. A structured coating material can be a nanostructured coating material; similar to the definition in Clause 3.171 of ISO 4618:2023(E), a nanostructured coating material is defined as a coating material having a nanoscale (3.170) surface structure. As defined in Clause 3.170 of ISO 4618:2023(E), a nanoscale is a length range of approximately 1 nm to 100 nm.

[0015] Similar to the definition in Clause 3.48 of ISO 4618:2013(E), a "coating material" is defined as a product, preferably in liquid or paste form, which, when applied to the surface of an eyeglass lens, forms a layer with specific properties. When applied to the surface of an eyeglass lens, for example via spin coating, the coating material forms a layer on the surface of the eyeglass lens, the layer having specific properties, and the layer, upon curing, produces a coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens that provides the specific properties to the eyeglass lens. Preferably, when applied to the surface of an eyeglass lens, for example via spin coating, the coating material forms a monolayer on the surface of the eyeglass lens, the monolayer having specific properties, and the monolayer, upon curing, produces a monolayer coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens that provides the specific properties to the eyeglass lens. The monolayer formed on the surface of the eyeglass lens is preferably a continuous monolayer.

[0016] The "surface of spectacle lens" preferably refers to at least one of the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens. As defined in Clause 3.2.13 of ISO 13666:2019(E), the front surface of the spectacle lens is the surface of the spectacle lens (3.5.2) intended to be fitted away from the eye. As defined in Clause 3.2.14 of ISO 13666:2019(E), the rear surface of the spectacle lens is the surface of the spectacle lens (3.5.2) intended to be fitted closer to the eye. The surface of the spectacle lens is preferably uncoated. The surface of the spectacle lens may be pre-coated, i.e., in addition to a structured coating, the spectacle lens may include one or more surface layers. When the surface of the spectacle lens is pre-coated, preferably, the structured coating is the outermost surface layer. The surface of the spectacle lens may, for example, be pre-coated with one or more surface layers to obtain or produce at least one of the group consisting of tinted spectacle lenses, photochromic spectacle lenses, and polarized spectacle lenses.

[0017] A structured coating material is "generated" by curing the structured coating material. A structured coating is generated on the surface of an eyeglass lens by curing the structured coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens.

[0018] A “structured coating” is a coating having a surface structure. A structured coating on the surface of an eyeglass lens is a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens, meaning that the coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens has a surface structure. Similar to what is defined in Clause 3.246 of ISO 4618:2023(E), the surface structure of a structured coating is defined as the shape or form of the surface of the structured coating. Preferably, after curing, the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens is produced by a single layer of coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens, said single layer of coating material being structured. Preferably, the single layer of coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens is a continuous single layer of coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens. In other words, preferably, the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens is a structured single-layer coating. Preferably, the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens is a structured continuous single-layer coating. Structured coatings can be nanostructured coatings, as defined in Clause 3.171 of ISO 4618:2023(E), whereby a nanostructured coating is defined as a coating having a nanoscale (3.170) surface structure (3.246) (3.46).

[0019] The "structure" of the structured coating on the surface of an eyeglass lens is configured such that the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens reduces light reflection compared to the light reflection of the eyeglass lens without the structured coating. In other words, the structure of the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens is selected such that the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens preferably replaces an antireflective coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens, such as a multilayer antireflective coating commonly used for eyeglass lenses. As defined in Clause 3.18.3 of ISO 13666:2019(E), an antireflective coating is a coating on the surface of an eyeglass lens designed to reduce light reflected from its surface. The structure of the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens preferably consists of an arrangement of individual elements that constitute the surface structure of the structured coating. The dimensions of individual elements in the x, y, and z directions are preferably chosen to be comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of visible radiation (light), as defined in Note 2 to Clause 3.1.2 of ISO 13666:2019(E), where visible radiation has a lower limit of 380 nm and an upper limit of 780 nm. The individual elements in the arrangement can be formed as at least one of cones, pillars, and fibers, or they can have random shapes. The arrangement of individual elements can be periodic, i.e., the distance between adjacent individual elements is constant throughout the structured coating. Alternatively, the arrangement of individual elements can vary in a defined manner or in a random distribution, i.e., the distance between adjacent individual elements is not constant throughout the structured coating. The individual elements preferably have the same material as the coating material and are formed, for example, by nanolithography or UV nanolithography.

[0020] Preferably, the structure of the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is the same as the structure of the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens, that is, the structure is the same before and after the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is cured.

[0021] Preferably, the structured coating includes a structure on the entire surface of the structured coating, that is, the coating is structured on the entire surface of the coating.

[0022] When a structured coating acts as an antireflective coating, the structure of the structured coating provides reduced light reflection for the spectacle lens. When a structured coating on the surface of a spectacle lens acts as an antireflective coating, the structure of the structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides reduced light reflection. Preferably, the structure of the structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides reduced light reflection when the light reflectivity of a spectacle lens including a structured coating is comparable to that of a spectacle lens coated with an antireflective coating. In other words, the structure of the structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides reduced light reflection when the light reflectivity of a spectacle lens is comparable to that of the spectacle lens but includes a different antireflective coating (i.e., excluding the structured coating as an antireflective coating). Preferably, the structure of the structured coating provides reduced light reflection when the light reflectivity of a spectacle lens including a structured coating is lower than the light reflectivity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating or without the coating by at least one of the following: (i) Light reflectance is reduced by at least 2 percentage points. (ii) The light reflectance decreases by at least 2.5 percentage points. (iii) The light reflectance decreases by at least 3 percentage points. (iv) The light reflectance is reduced by at least 3.5 percentage points.

[0023] Similar to that defined in Clause 3.17.16 of ISO 13666:2019(E), light reflectance is generally defined for a given light source and photopic vision as the ratio of the luminous flux reflected from the surface of an eyeglass lens with a structured coating, ii) without a structured coating, or iii) without a coating to the incident luminous flux.

[0024] Preferably, the light reflectance is calculated according to the following... Light reflectance = 100% - light transmittance, that is, 100% minus light transmittance.

[0025] Preferably, the light transmittance is calculated using the measured value of spectral transmittance according to the formula in Note 1 to Clause 3.17.6 of ISO 13666:2019(E).

[0026] Preferably, the spectral transmittance measurement includes contributions from both the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens, which serve as the incident and exit surfaces of the incident light, at an incident angle of 0°.

[0027] Therefore, light reflectivity also includes contributions from both the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens, which serve as both the incident and exit surfaces. Preferably, the light reflectivity is given relative to spectacle lenses that have only a structured coating or no structured coating on one surface.

[0028] The unit, percentage points, represents the difference between two values ​​given as a percentage. For example, the difference in light reflectance between a spectacle lens with 4% light reflectance and a spectacle lens with 2% light reflectance is two percentage points.

[0029] The spectral transmittance of spectacle lenses, including those with structured coatings or unstructured coatings, or those without any coating, is preferably measured using a PerkinElmer Lambda 950S instrument.

[0030] The term "structured coating material" means that the structured coating material and the coating material have the same composition. The only difference between a structured coating material and a coating material is that a structured coating material is a structured form of the coating material. In other words, the coating material or the composition of the coating material is the same before and after structuring. Before structuring the coating material, the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is an unstructured form of the structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens. The coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is transformed into a coating on the surface of the spectacle lens by curing the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens, which provides enhanced hydrophobicity and enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity and abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the coating. Preferably, the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens forms a single layer of the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens, preferably a continuous single layer of the coating material. Therefore, after curing, the single layer of the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens, preferably the continuous single layer of the coating material, produces a single-layer coating, preferably a continuous single-layer coating, on the surface of the spectacle lens. Preferably, the single-layer coating on the surface of the spectacle lens, preferably a continuous single-layer coating, is responsible for two properties of the spectacle lens: enhanced hydrophobicity and enhanced abrasion resistance compared to the spectacle lens without the single-layer coating, preferably without the continuous single-layer coating. For example, the coating material is structured by imprinting (e.g., via nanoimprint lithography or UV-nanoimprint lithography) onto the surface of the spectacle lens, resulting in a structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens. Preferably, when the coating material forms a single-layer coating material, preferably a continuous single-layer coating material, on the surface of the spectacle lens, the single-layer coating material, preferably the continuous single-layer coating material, is structured to produce a structured single-layer coating material, preferably a structured continuous single-layer coating material. The structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is transferred to the structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens by curing the structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens. Compared to the light reflection of spectacle lenses without the structured coating, the structure of the structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides reduced light reflection. Preferably, when the structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is a structured monolayer coating material, preferably a structured continuous monolayer coating material, the resulting structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens after curing the structured monolayer coating material, preferably the structured continuous monolayer coating material, is a structured monolayer coating, preferably a structured continuous monolayer coating.Preferably, the structure of the structured monolayer coating on the surface of the spectacle lens, and more preferably the structured continuous monolayer coating, is responsible for a characteristic of the spectacle lens that results in reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured monolayer coating, and more preferably without the structured continuous monolayer coating.

[0031] Regardless of whether the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is structured, the resulting coating on the surface of the spectacle lens, whether structured (i.e., a corresponding structured coating after curing a structured coating material or a corresponding coating after curing a coating material), is responsible for two properties of the spectacle lens: enhanced hydrophobicity and enhanced abrasion resistance compared to the spectacle lens without the corresponding coating or without the corresponding structured coating. These two properties are preferably attributed to the coating material (whether structured or not), which, upon curing, produces the corresponding coating or the corresponding structured coating. Simultaneously, the structure of the structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens is responsible for one property of the spectacle lens: reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured coating, or even compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens including the corresponding coating but without the structure.

[0032] In other words, the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens is structured. The structure of the structured coating contributes additional properties to the spectacle lens, namely reduced light reflection. The corresponding coating material, after curing, provides two properties to the spectacle lens: enhanced hydrophobicity and enhanced abrasion resistance, each compared to the corresponding properties of the spectacle lens without the structured coating. The corresponding coating material is a coating composition upon which the structured coating is based; that is, the corresponding coating material is applied to the surface of the spectacle lens, structured, and cured to produce the structured coating. Curing the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens without structuring the coating material results in a coating on the surface of the spectacle lens that provides the spectacle lens with two properties: enhanced hydrophobicity and enhanced abrasion resistance compared to the hydrophobicity and abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the coating.

[0033] Therefore, the key benefit of a structured coating, preferably a structured monolayer coating, or preferably a structured continuous monolayer coating on the surface of an eyeglass lens is that it provides the eyeglass lens with a combination of three properties: reduced light reflection, enhanced hydrophobicity, and enhanced abrasion resistance, compared to the corresponding properties of the eyeglass lens without the structured coating, preferably the structured monolayer coating, or preferably the structured continuous monolayer coating.

[0034] The coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens is referred to as "coating material" before structuring, and as "structured coating material" after structuring.

[0035] The coating material is cured to "create a coating". The coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens is cured to create a coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens.

[0036] The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens if: i) the coating is a hydrophobic coating, as defined in Clause 3.18.5 of ISO 13666:2019(E), whereby a hydrophobic coating is defined as a coating on the surface of the spectacle lens (3.5.2) intended to repel water droplets; or ii) the coating is a cleaning coating, as defined in Clause 3.18.4 of ISO 13666:2019(E), whereby a cleaning coating is defined as a coating on the surface of the spectacle lens (3.5.2) intended to repel dust and grease and / or make the surface easier to clean. When the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens acts as a hydrophobic coating or when the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens acts as a cleaning coating, the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens. A coating on the surface of an eyeglass lens provides enhanced hydrophobicity, whether the coating is structured or unstructured, compared to the hydrophobicity of the eyeglass lens without the coating. In other words, a structured coating on the surface of an eyeglass lens does not provide enhanced hydrophobicity solely due to the structure of the structured coating. However, the structure of the structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens can further enhance the hydrophobicity compared to the hydrophobicity of an eyeglass lens without a structured coating or compared to the hydrophobicity of an eyeglass lens including a coating without the structure. Therefore, a structured coating on the surface of an eyeglass lens does not provide enhanced hydrophobicity solely due to the structure of the structured coating. The coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens is selected such that the resulting coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens provides enhanced hydrophobicity compared to the hydrophobicity of an eyeglass lens without the coating. In other words, the coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens is selected such that, after curing the coating material, the corresponding coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens provides enhanced hydrophobicity compared to the hydrophobicity of an eyeglass lens without the coating. Preferably, when the static water contact angle of a spectacle lens including a coating or a structured coating is equal to or greater than the static water contact angle of a spectacle lens coated with a hydrophobic coating or a cleaning coating, the coating or the structured coating provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the coating or the structured coating. Preferably, when the static water contact angle of a spectacle lens including a coating or a structured coating is equal to or greater than at least one of the following static water contact angles, the coating or the structured coating provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the coating or the structured coating: (i) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 110°. (ii) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 115°. (iii) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 120°. (iv) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 125°.

[0037] The coating provides enhanced hydrophobicity to spectacle lenses compared to spectacle lenses without the coating or without the structured coating, regardless of whether the coating is structured or unstructured. When the static water contact angle of a spectacle lens including the structured coating is equal to or greater than at least one of the aforementioned static water contact angles, the structured coating provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the coating or without the structured coating.

[0038] The static water contact angle of spectacle lenses, including those with coatings or structured coatings, is preferably measured using the Easydrop contact angle measurement system from Krüss GmbH.

[0039] When the coating is a hard coating, the coating material that produces the coating "provides enhanced abrasion resistance" to the spectacle lens, as defined in Clause 3.18.2 of ISO 13666:2019(E). A hard coating is defined as a coating on the surface of a (organic) spectacle lens (3.5.2) intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the surface during normal use. When the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens acts as a hard coating, the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens. The coating on the spectacle lens provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the abrasion resistance of an uncoated spectacle lens, whether the coating is structured or unstructured. In other words, a structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens does not provide enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens due to the structure of the structured coating; the enhanced abrasion resistance is compared to the abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the coating. The coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is selected such that the resulting coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the coating. In other words, the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is selected such that, after the coating material has cured, the corresponding coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides enhanced abrasion resistance compared to the spectacle lens without the coating. Preferably, when the Bayer ratio of the spectacle lens including the coating or structured coating is equal to or greater than the Bayer ratio of the spectacle lens coated with a hard coating, the coating or structured coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance compared to the spectacle lens without the coating or the structured coating. Preferably, when the Bayer ratio of the spectacle lens including the coating or structured coating is equal to or greater than at least one of the following Bayer ratios, the coating or the structured coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance compared to the spectacle lens without the coating or the structured coating: (i) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 3. (ii) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 3.5, (iii) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4. (iv) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4.5.

[0040] The coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to spectacle lenses compared to spectacle lenses without the coating or without the structured coating, regardless of whether the coating is structured or unstructured. When the Bayer ratio of the spectacle lens including the structured coating is equal to or greater than at least one of the aforementioned Bayer ratios, the structured coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to spectacle lenses without the coating or without the structured coating.

[0041] The Bayer ratio of spectacle lenses including coated or structured coatings was determined by dividing the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens by the haze difference of a spectacle lens including a coated or structured coating. The reference spectacle lens has a refractive index of 1.5. The Bayer ratio of spectacle lenses without coatings or structured coatings was determined by dividing the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens by the haze difference of a spectacle lens without coatings or structured coatings.

[0042] The haze of spectacle lenses, including those with coated or structured coatings and those without coatings, is preferably measured using a haze-gard plus haze meter from BYK-Gardner GmbH.

[0043] The structured coating provides properties to the spectacle lens by i) the structure of the coating or ii) the coating itself, or iii) the structure and coating itself, by enhancing the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens compared to that without the structured coating, by reducing the light reflection compared to that without the structured coating, and by enhancing the abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens compared to that without the structured coating. The spectacle lens typically comprises three distinct surface layers: 1a) a cleaning coating as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E) 3.18.4 or 1b) a hydrophobic coating as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E) 3.18.5, for enhancing the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens; 2) an antireflective coating as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E) 3.18.3, for reducing the light reflection of the spectacle lens; and 3) a surface layer as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E) 3.18.3. Hard coatings as defined in Clause 3.18.2 of 13666:2019(E) are used to enhance the abrasion resistance of spectacle lenses.

[0044] When comparing the hydrophobicity (preferably by comparing the static contact angle of water), light reflection (preferably by comparing the light reflectance), and abrasion resistance (preferably by comparing the Bayer ratio) of spectacle lenses including a structured coating with the same hydrophobicity, light reflection, and abrasion resistance of spectacle lenses without a structured coating, it is preferable to compare one or more surfaces of spectacle lenses including one or more structured coatings with corresponding surfaces or surfaces of spectacle lenses without a structured coating. In other words, when the front surface of a spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the hydrophobicity and abrasion resistance of the front surface of the spectacle lens are determined and compared with the corresponding characteristics of the front surface of the spectacle lens without a structured coating. When the front surface of a spectacle lens includes a structured coating, preferably, the light reflectance is for spectacle lenses coated on a single surface and compared with the light reflectance of spectacle lenses without a structured coating, or with the light reflectance of spectacle lenses having the coating but without the structure. When both the front and rear surfaces of an eyeglass lens include a structured coating, a) the hydrophobicity and abrasion resistance of the front surface of the eyeglass lens are determined and compared with the corresponding characteristics of the front surface of a corresponding eyeglass lens without a structured coating, and b) the hydrophobicity and abrasion resistance of the rear surface of the eyeglass lens are determined and compared with the corresponding characteristics of the rear surface of a corresponding eyeglass lens without a structured coating. When both the front and rear surfaces of an eyeglass lens include a structured coating, preferably, the light reflectance is for an eyeglass lens coated on both the front and rear surfaces and compared with the light reflectance of the eyeglass lens without a structured coating, or with the light reflectance of an eyeglass lens having the coating on both the front and rear surfaces but without the structured coating. For comparison, the corresponding eyeglass lenses with and without the structured coating are based on the same optical material. In the case of pre-coated eyeglass lenses including a structured coating, the corresponding pre-coated eyeglass lenses with and without the structured coating are compared with each other.

[0045] Compared to WO 2017 / 025128 A1, which discloses an uncoated nanotextured surface as an antireflective nanotextured surface based on hydrophobic materials, the structured coating described herein not only provides the spectacle lens with enhanced hydrophobicity and reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured coating, but also provides enhanced abrasion resistance. This further means that not only can the two distinct surface layers, i.e., 1a) a cleaning coating or 1b) a hydrophobic coating and 2) an antireflective coating (as in WO 2017 / 025128 A1), be replaced by the structured coating, but the hard coating (i.e., a total of three distinct surface layers) can also be replaced by the structured coating on the spectacle lens.

[0046] Compared to the studies of mechanical behavior in paragraphs

[0169] and

[0170] of US 2018 / 0229420 A1, the Bayer test imposes more stringent conditions on the structured coatings or coatings on the lens surface. In paragraphs

[0169] and

[0170] of US 2018 / 0229420 A1, conditions close to those of actual wiping ophthalmic lenses with a fabric are simulated to test mechanical behavior. However, the particles used for abrasion in the Bayer test are sharp, alumina-based particles designed to reproducibly ensure the quality of the spectacle lens by subjecting it to conditions intended to damage it, whereas the fabric used in US 2018 / 0229420 A1 is for gentle cleaning in everyday life.

[0047] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. And the characteristic of this method is that - The coating material contains a surfactant.

[0048] Similar to the definition in Note 1 to Clause 3.6 of ISO 4618:2023(E), a "surfactant" is defined as an additive having the basic property of reducing the interfacial tension between i) a solid and a liquid, or ii) a liquid and air, or iii) a solid and air. Preferably, the surfactant is a non-fluorinated surfactant.

[0049] It is presumed that the spontaneous enthalpy-driven migration of surfactants to the surface of the coating material (the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens) reduces the interfacial tension between the resulting coating and air on the surface of the spectacle lens. Compared to the interfacial tension between the coating and air (generated by the coating material without a surfactant), this reduced interfacial tension allows the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens to be fluorine-free, and despite this, the coating formed on the surface of the spectacle lens after curing provides enhanced hydrophobicity compared to the spectacle lens without the coating. After the coating material is applied to the surface of the spectacle lens, the surfactant migrates immediately to the surface of the coating material, i.e., to the interface between the coating material and air. It is believed that the spontaneous and immediate migration of surfactants to the surface of the coating material reduces the interfacial tension between the coating material and air compared to the interfacial tension between the coating material and air without a surfactant. For comparison, the composition of the coating material with and without a surfactant is substantially the same except for the surfactant. The reduced interfacial tension between the coating material and air is maintained while the coating material is structured. After the structured coating material is cured on the surface of the spectacle lens, the resulting structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens maintains a reduced interfacial tension between the structured coating material and air, and thus the resulting structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens has the reduced interfacial tension between the structured coating and air. The interfacial tension between the coating material and air (the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens) is significantly reduced and maintained in the resulting coating on the surface of the spectacle lens, thereby providing enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the coating, or even compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens coated with the corresponding coating but without the surfactant. As explained above, the structure of the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens or the resulting coating on the surface of the spectacle lens can contribute to further enhancing the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens. Maintaining the reduced interfacial tension between the coating material and air (the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens) in the resulting coating on the surface of the spectacle lens preferably makes the addition of, for example, fluorinated surfactants typically used and known for enhancing hydrophobicity in the composition of the coating material redundant. Furthermore, post-surface treatments (e.g., surface post-treatment with fluorine plasma to affect hydrophobicity) are preferably avoided and not required.Compared to WO 2017 / 025128 A1, which discloses on page 5, lines 4-6 that the material for the nanotextured surface is a hydrophobic material (e.g., a fluorinated material), or on page 11, lines 29-31 that the nanostructured surface can be made of a low surface energy hydrophobic material such as a fluorinated resin or fluorinated polymer, coating materials containing the surfactants described herein are preferably fluorine-free. However, the resulting coatings described herein provide sufficient hydrophobicity for spectacle lenses to render a hydrophobic coating or cleaning coating redundant. Furthermore, compared to WO 01 / 51220 A2, on page 15, lines 15-31, which suggests using organically modified inorganic condensates or precursors containing at least partially fluorinated organic groups in the coating material to impart additional hydrophobic and oleophobic properties to the resulting coating, the compositions or coating materials described herein are preferably fluorine-free. However, as previously described, hydrophobic properties are provided for spectacle lenses by maintaining a reduced interfacial tension between the resulting coating and air.

[0050] Preferably, the coating material comprises a surfactant that exhibits enthalpy-driven migration to the surface of the coating material and covalently attaches to the resulting coating network, such as the siloxane-epoxide network of the coating, after curing. Therefore, the surfactant preferably reflects the functional groups of the coating network, such as epoxy functional groups. This has the additional benefit that coating materials containing such surfactants produce coatings that provide enhanced hydrophobicity to spectacle lenses, while preventing the surfactant from being rubbed off the surface of the coating, for example, by cleaning the spectacle lenses. Thus, the enhanced hydrophobicity is a permanent rather than a temporary property.

[0051] Preferably, the coating material comprises a siloxane-based surfactant, or more preferably a siloxane-based epoxide-functionalized surfactant. Examples of such siloxane-based epoxide-functionalized surfactants are: (epoxypropoxypropyl)dimethoxysilyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 3500-4000 g / mol), mono-(2,3-epoxy)propyl ether-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 5000 g / mol), [8%-10% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 10000-12000 g / mol), [2%-3% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 18000-20000 g / mol), and epoxycyclohexylethyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 3000 g / mol). Preferably, as a surfactant, the coating material comprises a siloxane-based epoxide-functionalized surfactant selected from at least one of the following groups: [8%-10% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 10000-12000 g / mol), [2%-3% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 18000-20000 g / mol), and epoxycyclohexylethyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 3000 g / mol). More preferably, as a surfactant, the coating material comprises a siloxane-based epoxide-functionalized surfactant selected from at least one group consisting of [8%-10% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 10000-12000 g / mol) and epoxycyclohexylethyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 3000 g / mol).

[0052] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. And the characteristic of this method is that -The coating material contains a surfactant that falls within one of the following ranges: A) The range is from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight. B) The range is from 0.2% to 1.4% by weight. C) The range is from 0.3% to 1.3% by weight. D) The range is from 0.4% to 1.2% by weight. Each is based on the total weight of the coating material.

[0053] Preferably, the coating material comprises a surfactant, preferably a siloxane-based surfactant, and more preferably a siloxane-based epoxide-functionalized surfactant, wherein the surfactant is in one of the following ranges: 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, 0.2% to 1.4% by weight, 0.3% to 1.3% by weight, or 0.4% to 1.2% by weight, each based on the total weight of the coating material.

[0054] Preferably, the coating material comprises a siloxane-based epoxide-functionalized surfactant selected from at least one of the following groups: [8%-10% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 10000-12000 g / mol), [2%-3% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 18000-20000 g / mol), and epoxycyclohexylethyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 3000 g / mol). Preferably, it is selected from at least one of the following groups: [8%-10% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (molecular weight: 10000-12000 g / mol), and epoxycyclohexylethyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 3000 g / mol). At least one of the group consisting of g / mol), wherein the surfactant is in one of the following ranges: 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, 0.2% to 1.4% by weight, 0.3% to 1.3% by weight, or 0.4% to 1.2% by weight, each based on the total weight of the coating material.

[0055] Coatings made from coating materials containing less than 0.1% surfactant by weight of the total coating material cannot replace hydrophobic or cleaning coatings in spectacle lenses including the coating. Coating materials containing more than 1.2% surfactant by weight of the total coating material do not further enhance the hydrophobicity of spectacle lenses including the coating. Furthermore, coating materials containing more than 1.2% surfactant by weight of the total coating material have an undesirable side effect on another characteristic of spectacle lenses including the coating: abrasion resistance.

[0056] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. And the characteristic of this method is that - The coating material comprises i) a hydrolyzed organosilane, the organosilane being selected from at least one of the group consisting of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, and ii) an epoxide, The hydrolyzed organosilanes and epoxides are in at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 7% to 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 8% to 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane.

[0057] The percentage ratio by weight refers only to the percentage ratio by weight between hydrolyzed organosilanes and epoxides in the coating material. Other components in the coating material are not considered in the percentage ratio by weight.

[0058] An organosilane selected from at least one of the group consisting of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane is preferably readily hydrolyzable and efficiently curable, preferably UV-curable and heat-curable, for example, in the presence of an acid. A coating material composed of hydrolyzed organosilanes (organosilanes selected from at least one of the group consisting of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane) preferably forms a coating on the surface of the spectacle lens after curing, which does not exhibit cracking and has good adhesion to the surface of the spectacle lens. Due to the stable siloxane network formed by the coating material composed of the hydrolyzed organosilanes after curing, the corresponding coating obtained on the surface of the spectacle lens provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the coating. To accelerate the curing, particularly UV curing, of the coating material composed of the hydrolyzed organosilane, an epoxide miscible with the hydrolyzed organosilane, preferably a UV-curable epoxide, is added to the coating material. Preferably, a photoinitiator is added to the coating material together with the UV-curable epoxide.

[0059] Furthermore, since the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is structured, it is important to maintain the structure within the resulting structured coating on the surface of the spectacle lens. This is preferably ensured by rapid curing of the coating material, preferably UV curing. For example, when the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is structured by an imprinting step (e.g., by nanoimprint lithography or UV nanoimprint lithography), rapid curing of the structured coating material is preferred for high reproduction fidelity. However, in order not to compromise the abrasion resistance achievable by the coating of the spectacle lens (the coating is based on the coating material composed of hydrolyzable organosilanes), the percentage ratio by weight between the hydrolyzable organosilanes and the epoxides, preferably the UV-curable epoxides, in the coating composition is preferably well balanced by adding epoxides, preferably UV-curable epoxides, to the coating material. This good balance is preferably achieved by the hydrolyzable organosilanes and epoxides, preferably the UV-curable epoxides, in the coating material at one of the aforementioned percentage ratios by weight, preferably at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 10.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. C) The epoxide is 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. D) The epoxide is 9.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. E) The epoxide is 9% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. F) The epoxide is 8.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. G) The epoxide is 8% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. H) The epoxide is 7.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane.

[0060] Again, the percentage ratio by weight reflects the percentage ratio by weight between hydrolyzed organosilanes and epoxides in the coating material, without taking into account any other components contained in the coating composition.

[0061] When the hydrolyzed organosilane is partially replaced by, for example, silica nanoparticles, the aforementioned weight percentage ratio between the hydrolyzed organosilane and the epoxide is preferably maintained.

[0062] Preferably, the coating material contains a photoinitiator within one of the following ranges: 1% to 5% by weight, 2% to 4% by weight, or 2.5% to 3.5% by weight, each based on the total weight of the coating material.

[0063] Preferably, the coating material comprises a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, preferably within one of the foregoing ranges, as a photoinitiator.

[0064] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized in that the coating material comprises i) a hydrolyzed organosilane selected from at least one of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, and ii) an epoxide, said epoxide being a UV-curable epoxide miscible with the hydrolyzed organosilane and having a viscosity in the range of 180 to 450 mPas at 25°C, wherein the hydrolyzed organosilane and the epoxide are in at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 7% to 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 8% to 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. The coating material produces a coating that provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the eyeglass lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating.

[0065] Refer to the descriptions and explanations given above.

[0066] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized in that the coating material comprises i) a hydrolyzed organosilane, which is (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, and ii) an epoxide, which is a UV-curable epoxide miscible with the hydrolyzed organosilane and has a viscosity in the range of 180 to 450 mPas at 25°C, wherein the hydrolyzed organosilane and the epoxide are in at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 7% to 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 8% to 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane.

[0067] As explained earlier, in order not to compromise the enhanced abrasion resistance imparted by the coating to the spectacle lens compared to a lens without the coating (regardless of whether the coating is structured), the coating is based on a coating material containing hydrolyzed organosilanes. However, to facilitate rapid curing of the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens, the weight percentage ratio between the hydrolyzed organosilanes and epoxides preferably needs to be well balanced in the coating composition, and preferably includes one of the aforementioned weight percentage ratios, regardless of any other components of the coating material. Furthermore, when the hydrolyzed organosilanes are partially replaced by nanoparticles (e.g., silica nanoparticles), the well-balanced weight percentage ratio of a) the hydrolyzed organosilanes with the nanoparticles on one hand and with b) the epoxides on the other hand preferably remains at one of the aforementioned weight percentage ratios. Rapid curing of the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is also preferred for maintaining the structure of the coating material within the coating. For example, when nanoimprint lithography or UV nanoimprint lithography is used to structure and cure the coating material on the surface of eyeglass lenses, the incompletely cured coating material may stick to the negative master when the negative master is removed, thereby destroying the structure of the resulting coating.

[0068] Preferably, the epoxide added to the hydrolyzed organosilane is UV-curable to ensure rapid curing of the coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens. From a procedural perspective, the epoxide contained in the coating composition is preferably miscible with the hydrolyzed organosilane to produce a homogeneous mixture, thereby avoiding any phase separation. It has been found that epoxides (e.g., 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarbamate) with a viscosity in the range of 180 to 450 mPas at 25°C meet both the UV curability and miscibility criteria.

[0069] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized in that the coating material comprises i) a hydrolyzed organosilane, which is (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, and ii) an epoxide, which is 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, wherein the hydrolyzed organosilane and the epoxide are in at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 7% to 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 8% to 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. The coating material produces a coating that provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the eyeglass lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating.

[0070] Refer to the descriptions and explanations given above.

[0071] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. Furthermore, the method is characterized in that the coating material comprises the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and the 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, wherein the percentage by weight is selected from at least one of the following percentage by weight: A) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. B) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 10.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. C) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. D) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 9.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. E) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 9% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. F) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 8.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. G) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 8% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. H) The 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 7.5% by weight of the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane.

[0072] Furthermore, the percentage ratios by weight only consider hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarbamate, and the percentage ratios by weight do not take into account other components of the coating material.

[0073] As previously explained, preferably, the coating composition comprises an organosilane that is readily hydrolyzable and rapidly curable (preferably both UV and thermally curable) to produce a coating on the surface of the eyeglasses that does not exhibit appearance defects (such as cracks) and has good adhesion to the surface of the eyeglass lens. The aforementioned characteristics are satisfied by (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane or hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. As previously further explained, in order to accelerate curing without impairing or acceptablely impairing the abrasion resistance of the eyeglass lens including the coating compared to the eyeglass lens without the coating, a UV-curable epoxide is combined with hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, which is miscible with the hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and has a viscosity in the range of 180 to 450 mPas at 25°C. UV-curable epoxides that meet the aforementioned characteristics are, for example, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarbamate.

[0074] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. Furthermore, the method is characterized in that the structure of the structured coating is selected such that the structure provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the eyeglass lens compared to the hydrophobicity of an eyeglass lens including the coating without said structure.

[0075] As explained above, the coating on the surface of the spectacle lens provides enhanced hydrophobicity compared to an uncoated lens, regardless of whether the coating is structured. However, the structure of the structured coating is preferably chosen such that the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens including the structured coating is further enhanced compared to the hydrophobicity already present in the spectacle lens including the unstructured coating. The possibility of influencing or enhancing the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens by adjusting the structure of the structured coating makes the addition of fluorine-containing components to the coating material and post-treatment with fluorine plasma (two known methods for enhancing coating hydrophobicity) redundant.

[0076] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. And the method is characterized by the following steps -Imprint the coating material onto the surface of the eyeglass lens, thereby creating the structured coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens.

[0077] "Imprinting" a coating material on the surface of a spectacle lens refers to modifying the surface structure of the coating material. Imprinting a coating material on the surface of a spectacle lens creates a structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens. The coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is imprinted such that, after curing, the resulting coating structure provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The coating material is imprinted such that spectacle lenses including the structured coating have reduced light reflection compared to spectacle lenses without the structured coating. Preferably, the spectacle lens includes the structured coating as the outermost surface layer, i.e., the surface layer furthest from the surface on which the coating material is applied. Preferably, the coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens is imprinted such that the structure of the resulting coating includes an array of protrusions having a size smaller than the wavelength of visible light incident thereon. This array of light-coupled and refractive index-gradient subwavelength protrusions enhances the transmission of light through the interface between the structured coating and air without causing scattering, thereby reducing the amount of light reflected from the interface. A prominent example of the aforementioned protrusion array is the moth-eye anti-reflective structure. Preferably, the coating material is embossed such that the structure of the resulting coating includes at least one of the following: i) a random array of protrusions, such as a random array of pillars, cones, or parabolic surfaces, and ii) a periodic array of protrusions, such as a periodic array of pillars, cones, or parabolic surfaces. The coating material may be embossed such that the structure of the resulting coating includes only the random array or only the periodic array. The coating material may be embossed such that the structure of the resulting coating includes one or more segments having the random array. The coating material may be embossed such that the structured coating includes one or more segments having the periodic array. Preferably, the protrusions have a height within one of the following ranges: a height in the range of 100 nm to 600 nm, a height in the range of 150 nm to 550 nm, a height in the range of 200 nm to 500 nm, or a height in the range of 200 nm to 450 nm. Preferably, the aspect ratio (i.e., the ratio of the height to the diameter of the structure) of the protrusion is within one of the following ranges: an aspect ratio in the range of 1 to 10, an aspect ratio in the range of 1.2 to 9, an aspect ratio in the range of 1.5 to 7, or an aspect ratio in the range of 1.8 to 5. Preferably, the pitch between the highest points of the protrusion is within one of the following ranges: a pitch in the range of 100 nm to 600 nm, a pitch in the range of 150 nm to 500 nm, a pitch in the range of 200 nm to 400 nm, or a pitch in the range of 230 nm to 350 nm.

[0078] Preferably, the coating material is imprinted using nanoimprint lithography (NIL), and more preferably UV-nanoimprint lithography (UVNIL).

[0079] Preferably, in the preceding step, the coating material is applied to the surface of the spectacle lens. Preferably, in a subsequent step, i.e. after the imprinting step, the structured coating material is cured.

[0080] Preferably, the method for manufacturing spectacle lenses includes the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. Furthermore, the method is characterized in that the curing of the structured coating material is achieved through UV radiation.

[0081] Refer to the description given above.

[0082] The spectacle lens includes a structured coating. Compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating, the structure of the structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... - The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the eyeglass lens compared to the lens without the structured coating, and this enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating.

[0083] The spectacle lens includes a structured coating. The structure of the structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material produces the coating, which provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... Compared to the abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the structured coating, the enhanced abrasion resistance is expressed as a Bayer ratio selected from at least one of the following Bayer ratios: (i) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 3. (ii) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 3.5, (iii) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4. (iv) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 4.5, The Bayer ratio was determined as the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens including the coating, or The Bayer ratio was determined as the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens without the coating, and each haze difference was determined as the haze difference after wear in the presence of abrasive media compared to the previous haze difference.

[0084] The spectacle lens includes a structured coating. The structure of the structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material produces the coating, which provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... The coating material comprises hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, wherein A) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 7% to 11% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or B) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarbamate is 8% to 10% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane.

[0085] Regarding the aforementioned alternatives, please refer to the definitions and descriptions given above.

[0086] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... The coating material comprises hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, which produces the coating that provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating.

[0087] Refer to the descriptions and explanations given above.

[0088] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... The coating material comprises hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, wherein A) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 7% to 11% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or B) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 8% to 10% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. The coating material produces the coating, which provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating.

[0089] Refer to the descriptions and explanations given above.

[0090] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... The coating material comprises hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, wherein A) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 11% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or B) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 10.5% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or C) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 10% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or D) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 9.5% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or E) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 9% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or F) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 8.5% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or G) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 8% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or H)3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 7.5% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. The coating material produces the coating, which provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating.

[0091] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... The coating material contains a surfactant, which produces the coating that provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating.

[0092] Refer to the definitions and descriptions given above, especially regarding surfactants.

[0093] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection compared to the spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by... -The coating material contains a surfactant that is in at least one of the following ranges. A) The range is from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight. B) 0.2% to 1.4% by weight, C) The range is from 0.3% to 1.3% by weight. D) The range is from 0.4% to 1.2% by weight. Each is based on the total weight of the coating material. The coating material produces the coating, which provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating.

[0094] Refer to the definitions and descriptions given above.

[0095] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating, the enhanced hydrophobicity being independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized in that the reduced light reflection compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating is expressed as a reduction in light reflectance selected from at least one of the following: (i) Light reflectance is reduced by at least 2 percentage points. (ii) The light reflectance decreases by at least 2.5 percentage points. (iii) The light reflectance decreases by at least 3 percentage points. (iv) The light reflectance is reduced by at least 3.5 percentage points.

[0096] Refer to the definitions and descriptions given above.

[0097] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized in that the enhanced hydrophobicity compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating is expressed as a static water contact angle selected from at least one of the following: (i) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 110°. (ii) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 115°. (iii) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 120°. (iv) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 125°.

[0098] Refer to the definitions and descriptions given above.

[0099] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. This enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized by enhanced abrasion resistance compared to the abrasion resistance of a spectacle lens without the structured coating, expressed as a Bayer ratio selected from at least one of the following Bayer ratios: (i) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 3. (ii) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 3.5, (iii) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4. (iv) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4.5.

[0100] Refer to the definitions and descriptions given above.

[0101] Preferably, the spectacle lens includes a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating. The enhanced hydrophobicity is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The spectacle lens is characterized in that the structure of the structured coating is selected such that the structure provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens including a coating without the structure.

[0102] Refer to the definitions and descriptions given above.

[0103] The dataset includes at least one of the following types of data: (i) data on eyeglass lenses, which is configured for the purpose of manufacturing eyeglass lenses, and (ii) data containing computer-readable instructions for controlling one or more manufacturing machines to produce eyeglass lenses.

[0104] Preferably, the data is computer-readable data. The dataset or data may be stored on a computer-readable medium, transmitted via data signals, or retrieved from a data network. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium. The use of data related to eyeglass lenses for purposes other than manufacturing eyeglass lenses is excluded. Detailed Implementation

[0105] Figure 1 : Spectral transmittance curves of eyeglass lenses based on examples and comparative examples; Figure 2 : 1 = Step 1 Apply coating material to the surface of the eyeglass lens, 2 = Step 2 Imprint the coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens, 3 = Step 3 Cure the coating material on the surface of the eyeglass lens.

[0106] I. Manufacturing of eyeglass lenses For all spectacle lenses based on the examples and comparison examples (if applicable): Hydrolysis of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTS; Merck KGaA) • A solution of 10 g GPTS and 2.284 g pH1 water was stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 50°C (1 hour, 300 rpm) and then stirred overnight at room temperature (approximately 18 hours, 300 rpm). The pH1 water was prepared by adding 2.519 g 1N HCl to 24.7 g deionized water. • Evaporate water and methanol in a vacuum oven at 70°C and 310 mbar for 2 hours. Check the evaporation of water and methanol by gravimetric analysis. For a solution of 10 g GPTS and 2.284 g pH1 water, totaling 12.284 g of solution, after evaporation of water and methanol, the remaining solution was 9.8253 ± 0.11 g.

[0107] Activation of colorless, transparent plano spectacle lenses based on poly(allyl diethylene glycol carbonate) • Clean the colorless, transparent plano lenses with acetone and a soft cloth, then sonicate them for 5 minutes at 50°C in an ultrasonic bath (450 W) containing 10 wt% NaOH solution, followed by another 5 minutes of sonication in an ultrasonic bath (450 W) containing deionized water at 50°C. • Dry colorless, transparent plano lenses at 60°C for 5 minutes.

[0108] Spin coating • Run at 300 rpm for 30 seconds and at 3000 rpm for 1 minute.

[0109] UV-nanoimprint lithography (UVNIL) • Prepare a negative UV-transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) negative replica of the nanostructured master mold. The nanostructured master mold includes nanopillars with a height of 350 nm, a pitch of 250 nm, and an aspect ratio of approximately 3. • Gently place and press the negative UV transparent PDMS replica onto the corresponding spin-coated eyeglass lens. • The resulting stack of a negative UV transparent PDMS replica and a corresponding spin-coated spectacle lens is placed in an imprinting tool, a constant pressure of 1 bar is applied for 90 s, and a 200 W high-pressure mercury lamp (OmniCure S2000, Lumen Dynamics Group Inc.) is used at 120 mW / cm² for 3 min. 2 The stack was irradiated with negative UV transparent PDMS replicas under light intensity, while the stack was maintained at a pressure of 1 bar. • Remove the corresponding spin-coated spectacle lens from the negative UV transparent PDMS replica.

[0110] Example 1 Preparation of mixed solutions • Stir 0.01 g of [8%-10% (epoxycyclohexylethyl)methylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (PDMS-Sur, molecular weight: 10000-12000 g / mol; Geles Inc.), 0.03 g of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate mixture (TAS; Merck), 0.065 g of 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate (epoxide; Arkema) and 0.695 g of hydrolyzed GPTS at room temperature until a homogeneous and slightly turbid solution is obtained (about 1 hour, 300 rpm).

[0111] Dispersion of silica nanoparticles (silica NP; Aerosil 200, Evonik Industries) in solvents • Pre-disperse 0.8 g isopropanol, 1.2 g 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 0.2 g silica NP in a vortex mixer for 1 min, and sonicate the dispersion in an ice bath at 165 W for 10 min, pausing for 1 minute every 15 seconds.

[0112] The mixed solution was added to the dispersion of silica nanoparticles. The resulting formulation was sonicated in an ice bath at 165 W for 15 min, with a 1-minute pause every 15 sec, and filtered through a 450 nm pore size filter made of polyethersulfone.

[0113] The filtered formulation was spin-coated onto the front surface of the activated spectacle lens, resulting in a coating thickness of 3 µm.

[0114] The resulting coated eyeglass lens was pre-dried in an oven at 60°C for 30 seconds, imprinted using a UVNIL process, and then post-cured at 110°C for 1 hour to produce a coated eyeglass lens including a nanostructured coating.

[0115] Example 2 Preparation of mixed solutions • Stir 0.025 g PDMS-Sur, 0.15 g TAS, 0.4125 g epoxide, and 4.4125 g hydrolyzed GPTS at room temperature until a homogeneous and slightly turbid solution is obtained (about 1 hour, 300 rpm).

[0116] The mixed solution was spin-coated onto the front surface of the activated spectacle lens, resulting in a coating thickness of 5 µm.

[0117] The resulting coated eyeglass lens was imprinted using the UVNIL process and then cured at 110°C for 1 hour to produce a coated eyeglass lens including a nanostructured coating.

[0118] Example 3 Preparation of mixed solutions • Stir 0.03 g PDMS-Sur, 0.09 g TAS, 0.15 g epoxide, and 1.53 g hydrolyzed GPTS at room temperature until a homogeneous and slightly turbid solution is obtained (about 1 hour, 300 rpm).

[0119] Dispersion of silica nanoparticles in solvent • Pre-disperse 3.6 g isopropanol, 5.4 g 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 1.2 g silica NP in a vortex mixer for 1 min, and sonicate the dispersion in an ice bath at 165 W for 10 min, pausing for 1 minute every 15 seconds.

[0120] The mixed solution was added to the dispersion of silica nanoparticles. The resulting formulation was sonicated in an ice bath at 165 W for 15 min, with a 1-minute pause every 15 sec, and filtered through a 450 nm pore size filter made of polyethersulfone.

[0121] The filtered formulation was spin-coated onto the front surface of the activated spectacle lens, resulting in a coating thickness of 3.1 µm.

[0122] The resulting coated eyeglass lens was pre-dried in an oven at 60°C for 30 seconds, imprinted using a UVNIL process, and then post-cured at 110°C for 1 hour to produce a coated eyeglass lens including a nanostructured coating.

[0123] Comparison Example 1 The coated spectacle lens was prepared similarly to the coated spectacle lens according to Example 1, but was not imprinted using the UVNIL process.

[0124] Comparison Example 2 Hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS; Merck) • A solution of 2 g TEOS, 0.3456 g pH1 water, and 0.8842 g ethanol was stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 50°C (3 hours, 300 rpm). The pH1 water was prepared by adding 2.519 g 1N HCl to 24.7 g deionized water. • Evaporate water and ethanol in a vacuum oven at 40°C and 100 mbar pressure for 30 min. Check the evaporation of water and ethanol by gravimetric analysis. For 2 g TEOS, 0.3456 g pH1 water, and 0.8842 g ethanol, totaling 3.23 g of solution, after evaporation of water and ethanol, the remaining solution was 1.35 ± 0.05 g.

[0125] Preparation of mixed solutions • Stir 0.01 g PDMS-Sur, 0.15 g TAS, 3.84 g epoxide, 0.5 g hydrolyzed GPTS, and 0.5 g hydrolyzed TEOS at room temperature until a homogeneous and slightly turbid solution is obtained (about 1 hour, 300 rpm).

[0126] The organic solution was spin-coated onto the activated spectacle lens, resulting in a coating thickness of 5.2 µm.

[0127] The resulting coated eyeglass lens was imprinted using the UVNIL process and then cured at 80°C for 4 hours to produce a coated eyeglass lens including a nanostructured coating.

[0128] Comparison Example 3 Preparation of mixed solutions • Stir 0.15 g TAS, 0.425 g epoxide, and 4.425 g hydrolyzed GPTS at room temperature until a homogeneous and slightly turbid solution is obtained (about 1 hour, 300 rpm).

[0129] The mixed solution was spin-coated onto the activated eyeglass lens, resulting in a coating thickness of 5.5 µm.

[0130] The resulting coated eyeglass lens was imprinted using the UVNIL process and then cured at 110°C for 1 hour to produce a coated eyeglass lens including a nanostructured coating.

[0131] Comparison Example 4 Uncoated colorless, clear plano lenses based on poly(allyl diethylene glycol carbonate).

[0132] Table 1: Comparison of spectacle lenses based on examples and comparison examples * The presence of solvent is not considered.

[0133] II. Characterization of spectacle lenses II.1 Determination of the static contact angle of water The static water contact angle of the coated spectacle lenses was measured at room temperature using a Krüz GmbH Easydrop contact angle measurement system with deionized water and a droplet volume of 2 µL in seated drop mode. Three to five measurements were performed for each coated spectacle lens, and the average was calculated via the tangent method.

[0134] II.2 Determination of Spectral Transmittance The spectral transmittance of the spectacle lenses according to the examples and the spectacle lenses according to the comparative examples was measured at an incident angle of 0° using a PerkinElmer Lambda 950S instrument.

[0135] Based on the measured spectral transmittance, calculate the light transmittance according to the formula in Note 1 of Clause 3.17.6 of ISO 13666:2019(E). For non-absorbing media (substrate, layer), calculate the light reflectance using the following formula: Light reflectance = 100% - Light transmittance. The light reflectance of the spectacle lens has already been calculated accordingly.

[0136] Table 2: Light transmittance lumT (in %) and light reflectance lumR (in %)

[0137] Compared to the spectacle lenses of Comparative Examples 1 and 4, all spectacle lenses, including those with structured coatings, exhibit higher light transmittance, as calculated according to the formula in Note 1 of Clause 3.17.6 of ISO 13666:2019(E). The maximum gain in light transmittance is achieved by the spectacle lens of Example 1. By calculating reflectance = 100% - transmittance, the spectacle lens of Example 1 achieves the lowest reflectance. Compared to the reflectance of the spectacle lens of Comparative Example 1, the reflectance of the spectacle lens of Example 1 is reduced by a maximum of 3.9 percentage points. Thus, the calculation of reflectance takes into account reflections at both the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens.

[0138] II.3 Determination of the Bayer Ratio To determine the scratch resistance of the coatings on the spectacle lenses according to the examples and comparative examples, the Bayer ratio was determined according to the COLTS operating procedures. A disc loaded with spectacle lenses according to the examples or comparative examples and with uncoated diethylene glycol dielyl carbonate spectacle lenses (CR-39 lenses) was rotated back and forth for 4 inches at 150 revolutions per minute for 4 minutes. Holes formed through the center of the disc allowed the spectacle lenses to protrude upwards through the center of each hole, thus causing abrasion in the presence of Kryptonite B, the abrasive medium. Haze measurements were performed on the spectacle lenses according to the examples or comparative examples and the CR-39 lenses before and after abrasion. The haze obtained from the spectacle lenses according to the examples and comparative examples was increased and divided by the haze obtained from the CR-39 lenses to establish a ratio indicating how many times more scratch-resistant the spectacle lenses according to the examples or comparative examples were compared to the CR-39 lenses. The Bayer ratio R was defined as... D std Divide by D 测试 ,in DstdIt is the final % haze value of the CR-39 lens minus the initial % haze value of the CR-39 lens, and D 测试 It is the final % haze value of the spectacle lens based on the example or comparison example, minus the initial % haze value of the spectacle lens based on the example and comparison examples. The haze-gard plus from BYK-Gartner was used for haze measurement.

[0139] Table 3: Results

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing spectacle lenses, the method comprising the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, When the Bayer ratio of the spectacle lens including the coating is equal to or greater than at least one of the following Bayer ratios, the coating provides the enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the abrasion resistance of a spectacle lens without the coating: (i) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 3. (ii) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 3.5, (iii) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4. (iv) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 4.5, The Bayer ratio was determined to be the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens including the coating, or The Bayer ratio was determined as the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens without the coating, with each haze difference being the difference between the haze difference after wear and the previous haze difference in the presence of abrasive media.

2. A method for manufacturing spectacle lenses, the method comprising the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, The coating material contains a fluorine-free surfactant.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coating material includes one of the following fluorine-free surfactants: A) The range is from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight. B) The range is from 0.2% to 1.4% by weight. C) The range is from 0.3% to 1.3% by weight. D) The range is from 0.4% to 1.2% by weight. Each is based on the total weight of the coating material.

4. A method for manufacturing spectacle lenses, the method comprising the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, The coating material contains surfactants that fall within one of the following ranges: A) The range is from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight. B) 0.2% to 1.4% by weight, C) The range is from 0.3% to 1.3% by weight. D) The range is from 0.4% to 1.2% by weight. Each is based on the total weight of the coating material.

5. A method for manufacturing spectacle lenses, the method comprising the following steps: - A structured coating material is cured onto the surface of an eyeglass lens, the structured coating material forming a structured coating on the surface of the eyeglass lens. The structured coating provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens. The structured coating material is a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material that produces the coating provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens, regardless of the structure of the structured coating. The method is characterized by, The coating material comprises i) a hydrolyzed organosilane selected from at least one of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane; and ii) an epoxide in which the hydrolyzed organosilane and the epoxide are in at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 7% to 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 8% to 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane.

6. The method according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that, The coating material contains a surfactant.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coating material contains a surfactant that falls within one of the following ranges: A) The range is from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight. B) 0.2% to 1.4% by weight, C) The range is from 0.3% to 1.3% by weight. D) The range is from 0.4% to 1.2% by weight. Each is based on the total weight of the coating material.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 7, characterized in that, The coating material comprises i) a hydrolyzed organosilane selected from at least one of the group consisting of (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, and ii) an epoxide in at least one of the following percentage ratios by weight: A) The epoxide is 7% to 11% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane. B) The epoxide is 8% to 10% by weight of the hydrolyzed organosilane.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hydrolyzed organosilane is hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, and the epoxide is a UV-curable epoxide that is miscible with the hydrolyzed organosilane and has a viscosity in the range of 180 to 450 mPas at 25°C.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The structure of the structured coating is chosen such that the structure provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the eyeglass lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the eyeglass lens including the coating without the structure.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Steps - Imprint the coating material onto the surface of the spectacle lens, thereby creating the structured coating material on the surface of the spectacle lens.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The structured coating material is cured by UV radiation.

13. A spectacle lens comprising a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating, the structured coating material being a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating, the enhanced hydrophobicity being independent of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material produces the coating, which provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The characteristic of these eyeglass lenses is that... Compared to the abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the structured coating, this enhanced abrasion resistance is expressed as a Bayer ratio selected from at least one of the following Bayer ratios: (i) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 3. (ii) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 3.5, (iii) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4. (iv) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 4.5, The Bayer ratio was determined to be the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens including the coating, or The Bayer ratio was determined as the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens without the coating, with each haze difference being the difference between the haze difference after wear and the previous haze difference in the presence of abrasive media.

14. A spectacle lens comprising a structured coating, the structure of which provides reduced light reflection to the spectacle lens compared to the light reflection of a spectacle lens without the structured coating, the structured coating material being a coating material that produces a coating that provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the spectacle lens compared to the hydrophobicity of a spectacle lens without the structured coating, the enhanced hydrophobicity being independent of the structure of the structured coating. The coating material produces the coating, which provides enhanced abrasion resistance to the spectacle lens compared to the lens without the structured coating. This enhanced abrasion resistance is independent of the structure of the structured coating. The characteristic of these eyeglass lenses is that... The coating material comprises hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, wherein A) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 7% to 11% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or B) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarbamate is 8% to 10% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane.

15. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that, Compared to the light reflection of the spectacle lens without the structured coating, the reduced light reflection is expressed as a reduction in light reflectance selected from at least one of the following: (i) The light reflectance is reduced by at least 2 percentage points. (ii) The light reflectance decreases by at least 2.5 percentage points. (iii) The light reflectance decreases by at least 3 percentage points. (iv) The light reflectance is reduced by at least 3.5 percentage points.

16. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that, Compared to the hydrophobicity of the spectacle lens without the structured coating, this enhanced hydrophobicity is expressed as a static water contact angle selected from at least one of the following: (i) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 110°. (ii) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 115°. (iii) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 120°. (iv) The static contact angle of water is equal to or greater than 125°.

17. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, Compared to the abrasion resistance of the spectacle lens without the structured coating, this enhanced abrasion resistance is expressed as a Bayer ratio selected from at least one of the following Bayer ratios: (i) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 3. (ii) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 3.5, (iii) The Bayer ratio is equal to or greater than 4. (iv) A Bayer ratio equal to or greater than 4.5, The Bayer ratio was determined to be the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens including the coating, or The Bayer ratio was determined as the haze difference of a reference spectacle lens with a refractive index of 1.5 divided by the haze difference of the spectacle lens without the coating, with each haze difference being the difference between the haze difference after wear and the previous haze difference in the presence of abrasive media.

18. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 13, 15 to 17, wherein the coating material comprises hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, wherein A) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate is 7% to 11% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, or B) 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarbamate is 8% to 10% by weight of hydrolyzed (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane.

19. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that, The structure of the structured coating is chosen such that the structure provides enhanced hydrophobicity to the eyeglass lens compared to the hydrophobicity of the eyeglass lens including the coating without the structure.

20. A dataset comprising at least one of the following types of data: (i) data on spectacle lenses according to any one of claims 13 to 19, said data being configured for the purpose of manufacturing spectacle lenses according to any one of claims 13 to 19; and (ii) data containing computer-readable instructions for controlling one or more manufacturing machines to produce spectacle lenses according to any one of claims 13 to 19.

Images