Millimeter-wave antennas and antenna systems

Abstract

A millimeter-wave antenna (10) includes: a first metal layer (2), a first dielectric substrate (1), a second metal layer (3), a second dielectric substrate (4), and a third metal layer (5) stacked sequentially. The first dielectric substrate (1) has an integrated waveguide surrounded by multiple isolation pillars (11); the second metal layer (3) has a through-feed slot (31); the second dielectric substrate (4) has multiple sets of feed pillars (41); the third metal layer (5) includes a metal frame and multiple filter patches (511), which are respectively connected to the multiple sets of feed pillars (41). In this embodiment, the integrated waveguide surrounded by multiple isolation pillars (11) facilitates the reduction of the millimeter-wave antenna (10) loss; at the same time, the feed energy fed along the integrated waveguide can realize the radiation mode of a magnetoelectric dipole through the filter patches (10) to ensure a large operating bandwidth and bandwidth ratio. (Figure 11)

Description

Millimeter wave antenna and antenna system TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to a millimeter wave antenna and antenna system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid growth of wireless communication data traffic, the spectrum resource of low frequency band is in short supply, but the spectrum resource of high frequency band is relatively loose, therefore, developing the spectrum resource of high frequency band is an inevitable trend for future 5G communication development. Due to the high loss characteristics of 5G millimeter wave, the application of 5G millimeter wave needs large-scale antenna array to provide higher gain, and for large-scale antenna array, when the ordinary transmission line is used to make millimeter wave antenna, the loss of antenna array is easily increased, so it is difficult to achieve the expected benefit. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a millimeter wave antenna which can realize low loss while ensuring the working frequency band.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore can include information which does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0004] SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a millimeter wave antenna and antenna system.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a millimeter wave antenna is provided, comprising:

[0007] a first dielectric substrate having a plurality of isolation columns passing therethrough, and the plurality of isolation columns surrounding an integrated waveguide;

[0008] a first metal layer located on a first side of the first dielectric substrate and connected with the plurality of isolation columns;

[0009] a second metal layer located on a second side of the first dielectric substrate and connected with the plurality of isolation columns, the second metal layer having a feed gap passing therethrough, and a projection of the feed gap on the first dielectric substrate being located within the integrated waveguide;

[0010] a second dielectric substrate located on a side of the second metal layer away from the first dielectric substrate and having a plurality of groups of feed columns, the plurality of groups of feed columns having projections on the first dielectric substrate located within an area surrounded by the integrated waveguide, and each group of feed columns being connected with the second metal layer;

[0011] A third metal layer is located on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate and includes a metal frame and a dipole patch, the dipole patch is located in an area enclosed by the metal frame and includes a plurality of filtering patches, and the plurality of filtering patches are connected to the plurality of groups of feeding columns one by one.

[0012] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, the second dielectric substrate has two groups of the feeding columns, the dipole patch includes two filtering patches, and the two groups of the feeding columns and the two filtering patches are located on two sides of the feeding slot along a first direction.

[0013] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, the filtering patch includes a patch body and at least one pair of filtering slots penetrating through the patch body in a thickness direction, two filtering slots of each pair are distributed along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0014] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, the filtering slot is a straight line slot, a T-shaped slot, a C-shaped slot, an L-shaped slot, a U-shaped slot, or an F-shaped slot.

[0015] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, the filtering patch includes a patch body and at least one pair of filtering metal lines, two filtering metal lines of each pair are distributed along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and there is a gap between the filtering metal lines and the patch body.

[0016] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, the filtering metal line is an open circuit line not connected to the first metal layer or the second metal layer.

[0017] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, the third metal layer includes a first sub-layer, a third dielectric substrate, and a second sub-layer.

[0018] The first sub-layer, the third dielectric substrate, and the second sub-layer are sequentially stacked on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, the first sub-layer includes the at least one pair of filtering metal lines, and the second sub-layer includes the patch body and the metal frame.

[0019] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, two filtering patches are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the feeding slot and symmetrically distributed in the first direction, and two filtering metal lines symmetrically distributed in the first direction are connected as an integral structure.

[0020] According to any one of the millimeter wave antennas of the present disclosure, the filtering metal line is in a straight line structure, two filtering metal lines of each pair are located on two sides of the patch body in the second direction, and two filtering metal lines symmetrically distributed in the first direction of the two filtering patches are connected as a straight line structure.

[0021] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, the filtering patch comprises two pairs of filtering metal wires, lengths of the two pairs of filtering metal wires are different, and a length of the filtering metal wire close to the patch body is greater than a length of the filtering metal wire far from the patch body.

[0022] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, the filtering patch comprises one pair of filtering metal wires.

[0023] The filtering metal wire is in an L-shaped structure, and one pair of the filtering metal wires are located between two patch bodies, and two filtering metal wires symmetrically distributed in the first direction in the two filtering patches are connected as a U-shaped structure.

[0024] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, the patch body is a rectangular patch, a circular patch, an elliptical patch or a rhombic patch.

[0025] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, the patch body is a rectangular patch, and opposite edges of the two patch bodies are provided with protrusions, and the protrusions are connected with the corresponding feed columns.

[0026] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, the integrated waveguide extends to a side edge of the first dielectric substrate in the first direction, and forms an open end, and the open end is provided with a waveguide feed port.

[0027] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, at least part of the integrated waveguide in the first direction is a contraction section, and a size of the contraction section in the second direction decreases in a direction close to the open end.

[0028] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, the size of the contraction section in the second direction decreases exponentially.

[0029] According to the millimeter wave antenna of any one of the present disclosure, the feed slot on the second metal layer is a straight slot, and a length direction of the straight slot is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0030] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an antenna system is provided, comprising the millimeter wave antenna of the above aspect.

[0031] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration to be used in conjunction with the description in envisioning what is being described. Other embodiments can be visualized by those skilled in the art from the following description and accompanying drawings.

[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates a side view structural schematic diagram of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of a third metal layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of another third metal layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of yet another third metal layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of still another third metal layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates a side view structural schematic diagram of another millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 8 illustrates a side view structural schematic diagram of yet another millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 9 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of a first dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 10 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of another first dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 11 illustrates an exploded structural schematic diagram of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 12 illustrates a reflection coefficient curve corresponding to a feed gap length of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 13 illustrates a reflection coefficient curve corresponding to a feed gap width of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 14 illustrates a reflection coefficient curve of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 15 illustrates a gain curve of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 16 illustrates a gain curve of another millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 17 illustrates a directivity pattern of a millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 18 illustrates an EH-plane directivity pattern of another millimeter wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] Reference numerals:

[0052] 10, millimeter wave antenna;

[0053] 1, first dielectric substrate; 2, first metal layer; 3, second metal layer; 4, second dielectric substrate; 5, third metal layer;

[0054] 11, isolation column; 12, open end; 13, waveguide feed port; 14, contraction section;

[0055] 31, feed slot;

[0056] 41, feed column;

[0057] 51, dipole patch; 52, metal frame; 53, first sub-layer; 54, third dielectric substrate; 55, second sub-layer;

[0058] 511, filter patch; 512, patch body; 513, filter slot; 514, filter metal line; 515, protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] Example embodiments now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments, may, however, be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the figures, and thus description of the same will be omitted. In addition, the drawings are only schematic and are non-limiting.

[0060] Although relative terms are used in this description, such as "upper," "lower," to describe one component's relationship to another component, such terms are used herein for convenience only and are not intended to limit the components' positions relative to each other. It is understood that the components can be inverted and, therefore, the terms "upper" and "lower" are used only for convenience and are not intended to confine the components to a particular orientation. When a structure is "on" another structure, it can mean that the structure is formed integrally with the other structure or that the structure is "directly on" the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly on" the other structure via another structure.

[0061] The terms "one," "a," "an," "the," and "at least one" are used to mean that "one or more" or "at least one" of the referenced component(s) is / are present with the understanding that a plurality is contemplated when more than one is desired. The terms "including" and "having" are used inclusively to mean that there can be additional such components in addition to those listed and "comprising" is intended to be synonymous with "including" and "having."

[0062] FIG. 1 illustrates a side view structural schematic diagram of a millimeter wave antenna 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 2 illustrates a top view structural schematic diagram of the millimeter wave antenna 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the millimeter wave antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 1 having a plurality of isolation columns 11 penetrating therethrough, and the plurality of isolation columns 11 enclose an integrated waveguide; a first metal layer 2 located on a first side of the first dielectric substrate 1 and connected with the plurality of isolation columns 11; a second metal layer 3 located on a second side of the first dielectric substrate 1 and connected with the plurality of isolation columns 11, the second metal layer 3 having a feed gap 31 penetrating therethrough, and a projection of the feed gap 31 on the first dielectric substrate 1 is located within the integrated waveguide; a second dielectric substrate 4 located on a side of the second metal layer 3 away from the first dielectric substrate 1 and having a plurality of groups of feed columns 41, the plurality of groups of feed columns 41 having projections on the first dielectric substrate 1 located within an area enclosed by the integrated waveguide and connected with the second metal layer 3; and a third metal layer 5 located on a side of the second dielectric substrate 4 away from the first dielectric substrate 1 and including a metal frame 52 and a dipole patch 51, the dipole patch 51 being located within an area enclosed by the metal frame 52 and including a plurality of filter patches 511, the plurality of filter patches 511 being connected with the plurality of groups of feed columns 41 one-to-one.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the integrated waveguide is surrounded by the plurality of isolation columns 11 on the first dielectric substrate 1, so as to facilitate simplification of the manufacturing process of the millimeter wave antenna 10 and realization of miniaturization of the millimeter wave antenna 10 based on the characteristics of easy integration and small structure size of the integrated waveguide, and facilitate reduction of the loss of the millimeter wave antenna 10 based on the low-loss characteristic of the integrated waveguide; in addition, the resonant cavity surrounded by the integrated waveguide, the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 3 is used to better realize standing wave matching, thereby reducing the reflection loss of the feeding energy; further, after the integrated waveguide is fed, the feeding energy can be coupled to the filtering patch 511 along the feeding slot 31 on the second metal layer 3, so as to realize the radiation of the electromagnetic wave beam through the radiation mode of the electric dipole, and meanwhile, each group of feeding columns 41 is connected with the second metal layer 3 and a corresponding filtering patch 511 respectively, and the feeding energy can be fed to the filtering patch 511 through the second metal layer 3 and the feeding column 41, so as to realize the radiation of the electromagnetic wave beam through the radiation mode of the magnetic dipole, thereby realizing the magnetic-electric dipole radiation of the millimeter wave antenna 10, so as to effectively ensure the working bandwidth of the millimeter wave antenna 10 and ensure a large bandwidth ratio.

[0064] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the material of the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 4 can be a resin substrate material with a small tangent value of dielectric loss, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., can be a low-loss Rogers series plate material, etc., can be a high-dielectric-constant ceramic plate material, can be a hard material with a low microwave loss such as quartz and glass, and can be a medium with an adjustable dielectric constant such as graphene, etc. The first metal layer 2, the second metal layer 3 and the third metal layer 5 can be low-resistance and low-loss metals such as copper, gold, silver and aluminum, and can be directly prepared by a processing technology such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation and electroplating, etc.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the dipole patch 51 is located in the area surrounded by the metal frame 52, so as to suppress the electromagnetic wave beam radiated by the dipole patch 51 through the metal frame 52, to realize the convergence of the electromagnetic wave beam, thereby improving the gain of the millimeter wave antenna 10, and meanwhile, for the millimeter wave antenna 10 including a plurality of antenna elements, the mutual interference between adjacent two antenna elements can be reduced through the metal frame 52 included by each antenna element, to ensure the antenna effect of the millimeter wave antenna 10.

[0066] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the dipole patch 51 includes two filtering patches 511, and the second dielectric substrate 4 has two groups of feeding columns 41, and the two groups of feeding columns 41 and the two filtering patches 511 are located on both sides of the feeding slot 31 along the first direction O1, and each filtering patch 511 is connected with a corresponding group of feeding columns 41.

[0067] Therefore, the two filtering patches 511 with filtering characteristics are arranged to form the dipole patch 51, so that the dipole patch 51 has the out-of-band suppression effect while radiating the electromagnetic wave beam, that is, the electromagnetic wave beam outside the working bandwidth can be filtered, so that the millimeter wave antenna 10 with the filtering patch 511 integrates the antenna characteristics and the filtering characteristics, avoids the separate arrangement of the filtering device at the radiation end, realizes the low profile characteristic of the millimeter wave antenna 10, and improves the integration of the millimeter wave antenna 10.

[0068] Each group of feed columns 41 can include one feed column 41 or two feed columns 41, etc. In addition, the two groups of feed columns 41 and the two filtering patches 511 can be symmetrically distributed in the first direction O1, that is, the dipole patch 51 has a symmetry line perpendicular to the first direction O1. At this time, the feed slot 31 on the second metal layer 3 can be a symmetric structure, and the symmetry line of the feed slot 31 coincides with the symmetry line of the dipole patch 51. Further, the filtering patch 511 can be a symmetric structure in the second direction O2, and the symmetry line of the filtering patch 511 is parallel to the first direction O1 and perpendicular to the second direction O2. In this way, through the symmetric distribution of the two filtering patches 511 and the structural symmetry of each filtering patch 511, the symmetry of the radiation direction of the millimeter wave antenna 10 is ensured.

[0069] The filtering patch 511 with filtering characteristics can be a patch body 512 with a filtering slot 513 as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, or can be a filtering patch 511 including a patch body 512 and a filtering metal line 514 arranged at intervals as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6.

[0070] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the filtering patch 511 includes a patch body 512 and at least one pair of filtering slots 513 penetrating the patch body 512 in the thickness direction (the thickness direction of the patch body 512).

[0071] In this way, by arranging the filtering slot 513 on the patch body 512, the patch body 512 introduces an induced current opposite to the flow direction of the main current (the current generated by magnetic-electric coupling) in a certain frequency band, and forms a radiation zero point at a certain frequency, achieving the filtering effect.

[0072] Each pair of two filtering slots 513 is distributed along the second direction O2. Further, the patch body 512 is a symmetric structure, and the symmetry line of the patch body 512 (that is, the symmetry line of the filtering patch 511) is parallel to the first direction O1. Each pair of two filtering slots 513 is symmetrically distributed along the symmetry line of the patch body 512, so as to ensure the symmetry of the filtering patch 511 and the symmetry of the radiated electromagnetic wave beam.

[0073] The shape of the filtering slot 513 on the patch body 512 can be set according to requirements. For example, the filtering slot 513 can be a straight line slot, a T-shaped slot, a C-shaped slot, an L-shaped slot, a U-shaped slot, or an F-shaped slot. When the patch body 512 has multiple pairs of filtering slots 513, the size between any two pairs of filtering slots 513 can be the same or different, as long as the working bandwidth of the millimeter wave antenna 10 meets the requirements.

[0074] For example, the length of the straight line slot can be initially designed according to 0.25λ, and the width can be initially designed according to 0.03λ, and then adjusted in the simulation process to ensure the filtering effect of the filtering patch 511. λ refers to the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the millimeter wave antenna 10.

[0075] For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the patch body 512 has two pairs of filtering slots 513 (straight line slots), and the two pairs of filtering slots 513 are symmetrically distributed along the symmetry line of the patch body 512, and one end of the filtering slot 513 extends to the opposite edge of the two patch bodies 512. The straight line lengths of the two pairs of filtering slots 513 are different, and the straight line length of the filtering slot 513 away from the symmetry line of the patch body 512 is greater than the straight line length of the filtering slot 513 close to the symmetry line.

[0076] For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the patch body 512 has a pair of filtering slots 513 (T-shaped slots), and the pair of filtering slots 513 is symmetrically distributed along the symmetry line of the patch body 512, and the two filtering slots 513 are T-shaped structures rotated by 90 degrees clockwise and 90 degrees counterclockwise, respectively. The two filtering slots 513 have end portions in the second direction O2, the end portions of the two filtering slots 513 are opposite to each other, and both extend to the edge of the patch body 512.

[0077] It should be noted that for at least one pair of filtering slots 513 on the patch body 512, the slot structure can be formed at a position away from the edge of the patch body 512, or the slot structure can be formed with one end extending to the edge of the patch body 512. In addition, for the two filtering slots 513 of each pair, the two filtering slots 513 can be arranged based on the opposite edges of the two patch bodies 512 in the first direction O1, or the two filtering slots 513 can be arranged based on the edges of the patch body 512 in the second direction O2, and the present disclosure does not limit this.

[0078] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, the filtering patch 511 includes a patch body 512 and at least one pair of filtering metal lines 514, and there is a gap between the filtering metal line 514 and the patch body 512.

[0079] In this way, the coupling between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512 is achieved by filtering the gap between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512, so that the patch body 512 introduces a coupling current in the opposite direction of the main current (the current generated by the magnetic-electric coupling) in a certain frequency band, and forms a radiation zero point at a certain frequency, achieving the filtering effect.

[0080] In this way, the coupling between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512 is achieved by filtering the gap between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512, so that the patch body 512 introduces a coupling current in the opposite direction of the main current (the current generated by the magnetic-electric coupling) in a certain frequency band, and forms a radiation zero point at a certain frequency, achieving the filtering effect.

[0081] In this way, the coupling between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512 is achieved by filtering the gap between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512, so that the patch body 512 introduces a coupling current in the opposite direction of the main current (the current generated by the magnetic-electric coupling) in a certain frequency band, and forms a radiation zero point at a certain frequency, achieving the filtering effect.

[0082] In this way, the coupling between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512 is achieved by filtering the gap between the filtering metal wires 514 and the patch body 512, so that the patch body 512 introduces a coupling current in the opposite direction of the main current (the current generated by the magnetic-electric coupling) in a certain frequency band, and forms a radiation zero point at a certain frequency, achieving the filtering effect.

[0083] Optionally, the filtering metal line 514 can be an open circuit line, i.e., the filtering metal line 514 is a metal line not connected with the second metal layer 3 or the first metal layer 2. In this way, the second dielectric substrate 4 can be simplified, and the filtering metal line 514 can be simplified, and the manufacturing process of the millimeter wave antenna 10 can be simplified. Of course, the filtering metal line 514 can also be a single-ended short circuit line or a double-ended short circuit line connected with the second metal layer 3 or the first metal layer 2, as long as the coupling current opposite to the flow direction of the main current can be introduced on the patch body 512.

[0084] For the case that the filtering metal line 514 is a single-ended short circuit line, the filtering metal line 514 is a metal line with one end connected with the second metal layer 3 or the first metal layer 2 through a via hole and the other end short-circuited. For the case that the filtering metal line 514 is a double-ended short circuit line, the filtering metal line 514 is a metal line with a middle part connected with the second metal layer 3 or the first metal layer 2 through a via hole and both ends short-circuited.

[0085] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 7, the patch body 512 and the filtering metal line 514 are located in the same metal layer. In this way, the structure of the third metal layer 5 can be simplified, and the film structure of the millimeter wave antenna 10 can be simplified.

[0086] Of course, the patch body 512 and the filtering metal line 514 can also be arranged in different metal layers. Specifically, the filtering metal line 514 can be located on the side of the patch body 512 close to the second metal layer 3, or the filtering metal line 514 can be located on the side of the patch body 512 away from the second metal layer 3.

[0087] For example, the filtering metal line 514 can be located on the side of the patch body 512 close to the second metal layer 3. As shown in FIG. 8, the third metal layer 5 includes a first sub-layer 53, a third dielectric substrate 54, and a second sub-layer 55; the first sub-layer 53, the third dielectric substrate 54, and the second sub-layer 55 are sequentially stacked on the side of the second dielectric substrate 4 away from the first dielectric substrate 1, the first sub-layer 53 includes at least one pair of filtering metal lines 514, and the second sub-layer 55 includes the patch body 512 and the metal frame 52.

[0088] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the filtering metal line 514 has a straight line structure, and the two filtering metal lines 514 of each pair are respectively located on both sides of the patch body 512 in the second direction O2.

[0089] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 5, the filtering patch 511 includes two pairs of filtering metal wires 514, the lengths of the two pairs of filtering metal wires 514 are different, and the length of the filtering metal wire 514 close to the patch body 512 is greater than the length of the filtering metal wire 514 far from the patch body 512. In this way, the longer filtering metal wire 514 is arranged closer to the patch body 512, so that the filtering metal wire 514 and the patch body 512 have a larger coupling area, thereby ensuring the reliability of introducing the coupling current on the patch body 512.

[0090] In the case that the two filtering metal wires 514 symmetrically distributed in the first direction O1 are linked as an integral structure, the length direction of the filtering metal wire 514 can be parallel to the first direction O1, and in this case, the two filtering metal wires 514 symmetrically distributed in the first direction O1 in the two filtering patches 511 are connected as a straight line structure; or the length direction of the filtering metal wire 514 can intersect the first direction O1, and in this case, the two filtering metal wires 514 symmetrically distributed in the first direction O1 in the two filtering patches 511 are connected as a V-shaped structure, etc.

[0091] In some other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, the filtering patch 511 includes a pair of filtering metal wires 514; the filtering metal wire 514 is in an L-shaped structure, and the pair of filtering metal wires 514 are both located between the two patch bodies 512.

[0092] In the case that the two filtering metal wires 514 symmetrically distributed in the first direction O1 in the two filtering patches 511 are connected as a U-shaped structure. Optionally, the opposite sides of the two patch bodies 512 are both parallel to the second direction O2, and the opposite sides both have protrusions to form L-shaped sides at the edge portions of the two patch bodies 512, so that each patch body 512 and the corresponding L-shaped filtering metal wire 514 can form a larger coupling area, thereby ensuring the reliability of introducing the coupling current on the patch body 512; in addition, the two filtering metal wires 514 symmetrically distributed in the first direction O1 are connected as a U-shaped structure, thereby facilitating the simplification of the complexity of the third metal layer 5, and facilitating the simplification of the manufacturing process.

[0093] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present disclosure, in addition to the two structures described above, the filtering patch 511 can also be other radiation patches with filtering characteristics. For example, the filtering patch 511 is an open resonant loop structure. Specifically, the filtering patch 511 includes two annular patches with notches, one annular patch is located in the other annular patch, and the openings of the two annular patches are located on opposite sides in the radial direction. In addition, the patch body 512 included in the filtering patch 511 can be a rectangular patch, a circular patch, an elliptical patch, or a rhombic patch, a regular hexagonal patch, etc. Further, the opposite edges of the two patch bodies 512 each have a protrusion 515, and the protrusion 515 is connected with the corresponding feed column 41. In this way, by providing the protrusion 515 on the patch body 512, impedance matching between the patch body 512 and the feed column 41 is facilitated. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, the patch body 512 is a rectangular patch, the opposite edges of the two patch bodies 512 each have a protrusion 515, and the protrusion 515 is connected with the corresponding feed column 41.

[0094] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the integrated waveguide is mainly used for feeding, and when the integrated waveguide is a closed structure, the feeding can be performed in a probe feeding manner, and when the integrated waveguide has an open end 12, the feeding can be performed in a waveguide feeding, a microstrip line feeding, or a coplanar waveguide feeding manner.

[0095] For example, taking the integrated waveguide as a closed structure, the first dielectric substrate 1 has a conductive column penetrating through and located in the region surrounded by the integrated waveguide, the first metal layer 2 has a avoiding hole corresponding to the conductive column, one end of the conductive column is exposed at the avoiding hole, and the other end is connected with the second metal layer 3. In this way, the feeding can be performed in the integrated waveguide through the connection of the probe and the conductive column, and the reliability of the operation of the millimeter wave antenna 10 is ensured.

[0096] For example, taking the integrated waveguide as a closed structure, the first dielectric substrate 1 has a conductive column penetrating through and located in the region surrounded by the integrated waveguide, the first metal layer 2 has a avoiding hole corresponding to the conductive column, one end of the conductive column is exposed at the avoiding hole, and the other end is connected with the second metal layer 3. In this way, the feeding can be performed in the integrated waveguide through the connection of the probe and the conductive column, and the reliability of the operation of the millimeter wave antenna 10 is ensured.

[0097] For example, taking the integrated waveguide as a closed structure, the first dielectric substrate 1 has a conductive column penetrating through and located in the region surrounded by the integrated waveguide, the first metal layer 2 has a avoiding hole corresponding to the conductive column, one end of the conductive column is exposed at the avoiding hole, and the other end is connected with the second metal layer 3. In this way, the feeding can be performed in the integrated waveguide through the connection of the probe and the conductive column, and the reliability of the operation of the millimeter wave antenna 10 is ensured.

[0098] Optionally, at least part of the integrated waveguide in the first direction is a tapered section 14, and the size of the tapered section 14 in the second direction decreases in the direction close to the open end 12. In this way, by arranging the tapered section 14 on the integrated waveguide, impedance matching in the integrated waveguide is achieved, and the feeding efficiency in the integrated waveguide is improved.

[0099] In the formula, the whole integrated waveguide in the first direction can be tapered in the direction close to the open end 12, that is, the whole integrated waveguide is tapered; or as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10, part of the integrated waveguide in the first direction is tapered in the direction close to the open end 12, and the position of the tapered section 14 can be adjusted according to the impedance matching, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the tapered section 14 coincides with the overlapping area of the normal projection of the filter patch 511 far away from the open end 12 on the first dielectric substrate 1. In addition, for the tapered section 14 on the integrated waveguide, the size of the tapered section 14 in the second direction can decrease exponentially, and of course the size of the tapered section 14 in the second direction can also decrease linearly, etc., as long as the impedance matching during the feeding in the resonant cavity can be achieved.

[0100] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the feeding slot 31 on the second metal layer 3 is a straight slot, the length direction of the straight slot is parallel to the second direction, and the straight slot is located between the two filter patches 511 to ensure the coupling between the feeding slot 31 on the second metal layer 3 and the two filter patches 511 included in the dipole patch 51.

[0101] In the formula, for the case that the feeding slot 31 is a straight slot, the length LS of the straight slot is 0.25λ, and the width WS of the straight slot is 0.03λ. Of course, the length and width of the straight slot can also be adjusted in the simulation process to ensure the antenna effect of the millimeter wave antenna 10.

[0102] Of course, in addition to the straight slot, the feeding slot 31 on the second metal layer 3 can also be an H-shaped slot, an L-shaped slot, or a U-shaped slot, etc. Taking the H-shaped slot as an example, the feeding slot 31 includes a pair of side slots and a middle slot connecting the pair of side slots, the length direction of the middle slot is parallel to the second direction, and the length direction of the side slot is parallel to the first direction.

[0103] It should be noted that when the feeding slot 31 is arranged on the second metal layer 3, the feeding slot 31 is a slot structure symmetrical in the first direction, and the distance between the symmetry line of the feeding slot 31 and the closed end (the end opposite to the open end) of the integrated waveguide can be 0.5λ. Of course, the distance between the symmetry line of the feeding slot 31 and the closed end (the end opposite to the open end) of the integrated waveguide can also be slightly less than 0.5λ, or slightly greater than 0.5λ, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0104] In some embodiments, for the millimeter wave antenna 10 as shown in FIG. 11, the second metal layer 3 has a linear feed slot 31, and the filtering patch 511 includes a patch body 512 and two pairs of linear filtering slots 513 on the patch body 512. In the simulation of the millimeter wave antenna 10, by adjusting the length (LS1 = 4.4 mm, LS2 = 4.7 mm, LS3 = 5.0 mm) of the feed slot 31, the reflection coefficient curves of the feed slot 31 with different lengths can be obtained as shown in FIG. 12, and by adjusting the width (WS1 = 0.3 mm, WS2 = 0.5 mm, WS3 = 0.7 mm) of the feed slot 31, the reflection coefficient curves corresponding to the feed slot 31 with different widths can be obtained as shown in FIG. 13.

[0105] As can be seen from FIGS. 12 and 13, as the length of the feed slot 31 increases, the operating bandwidth of the millimeter wave antenna 10 decreases, and as the width of the feed slot 31 increases, the operating bandwidth of the millimeter wave antenna 10 increases.

[0106] In addition, for the millimeter wave antenna 10 as shown in FIG. 11, the reflection coefficient curve as shown in FIG. 14, the gain curve corresponding to the case where no filtering slot 513 is arranged on the patch body 512 as shown in FIG. 15, the gain curve corresponding to the case where two pairs of linear filtering slots 513 are arranged on the patch body 512 as shown in FIG. 16, the three-dimensional radiation pattern as shown in FIG. 17, and the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns as shown in FIG. 18 can be obtained.

[0107] As can be seen from FIG. 14, the reflection coefficient of the millimeter wave antenna 10 is less than -10 dB in the frequency band of 24.2 GHz to 28.2 GHz, and the relative bandwidth ratio reaches 16%; as can be seen from FIGS. 15 and 16, after arranging two pairs of linear filtering slots 513 on the patch body 512, the millimeter wave antenna 10 has a relatively flat gain in the frequency band of 24.2 GHz to 28.2 GHz, and forms radiation nulls near 23 GHz and 30.6 GHz, achieving a good filtering effect; as can be seen from FIGS. 17 and 18, the magneto-electric dipole millimeter wave antenna 10 based on integrated waveguide coupling feeding can achieve a radiation gain of about 10.2 dB in the frequency band of 24.2 GHz to 28.2 GHz, and has a half-power beamwidth of 62 degrees in the E-plane and a half-power beamwidth of about 40 degrees in the H-plane.

[0108] The disclosure also provides an antenna system including the millimeter wave antenna 10 described in the above embodiments. Based on the low loss and high integration of the millimeter wave antenna 10, the antenna performance of the antenna system can be ensured, and the space utilization can be improved.

[0109] Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the features disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. A millimeter wave antenna, wherein, The application relates to a filter, comprising: a first dielectric substrate with a plurality of isolation columns penetrating through and surrounding an integrated waveguide; a first metal layer on a first side of the first dielectric substrate and connected with the plurality of isolation columns; a second metal layer on a second side of the first dielectric substrate and connected with the plurality of isolation columns, the second metal layer having a feed gap penetrating through, and a projection of the feed gap on the first dielectric substrate being located in the integrated waveguide; a second dielectric substrate on a side of the second metal layer away from the first dielectric substrate and having a plurality of groups of feed columns, the plurality of groups of feed columns having projections on the first dielectric substrate located in an area surrounded by the integrated waveguide and being connected with the second metal layer; a third metal layer on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate and comprising a metal frame and a dipole patch, the dipole patch being located in an area surrounded by the metal frame and comprising a plurality of filter patches, the plurality of filter patches being connected with the plurality of groups of feed columns one by one.

2. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein, The second dielectric substrate has two groups of feed columns, the dipole patch comprises two filter patches, and the two groups of feed columns and the two filter patches are located on two sides of the feed gap along a first direction.

3. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 2, wherein, The filter patch comprises a patch body and at least one pair of filter gaps penetrating through the patch body in a thickness direction, two filter gaps of each pair being distributed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

4. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 3, wherein, The filter gap is a straight line gap, a T-shaped gap, a C-shaped gap, an L-shaped gap, a U-shaped gap or an F-shaped gap.

5. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 2, wherein, The filter patch comprises a patch body and at least one pair of filter metal lines, two filter metal lines of each pair being distributed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a gap existing between the filter metal line and the patch body.

6. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 5, wherein, The filter metal line is an open circuit line not connected with the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

7. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 5, wherein, The third metal layer comprises a first sub-layer, a third dielectric substrate and a second sub-layer; The first sub-layer, the third dielectric substrate and the second sub-layer are sequentially stacked on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, the first sub-layer comprises the at least one pair of filter metal lines, and the second sub-layer comprises the patch body and the metal frame. The two filter patches are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the feed gap and symmetrically distributed in the first direction.

8. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 5, wherein, The filter metal line is in a straight line structure, two filter metal lines of each pair are located on two sides of the patch body in the second direction, and two filter metal lines symmetrically distributed in the first direction of the two filter patches are connected into a straight line structure.

9. The mmWave antenna of claim 8, wherein, The filter patch comprises two pairs of filter metal lines, lengths of the two pairs of filter metal lines are different, and a length of a filter metal line close to the patch body is greater than a length of a filter metal line away from the patch body.

10. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 9, wherein, The filter patch comprises one pair of filter metal lines.

11. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 8, wherein, ​ The filter metal wires are in L-shaped structure, and a pair of the filter metal wires are located between two of the patch bodies, and two of the filter metal wires symmetrically distributed in the first direction are connected in U-shaped structure.

12. The millimeter wave antenna of any of claims 3-11, wherein, The patch body is a rectangular patch, a circular patch, an elliptical patch or a rhombic patch.

13. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 12, wherein, The patch body is a rectangular patch, and opposite edges of the two patch bodies are provided with protrusions, and the protrusions are connected with the corresponding feed columns.

14. The millimeter wave antenna of any of claims 1-11, wherein, The integrated waveguide extends to a side edge of the first dielectric substrate in the first direction, and forms an open end, and the open end is provided with a waveguide feed port.

15. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 14, wherein, At least part of the integrated waveguide in the first direction is a contraction section, and a dimension of the contraction section in the second direction decreases in a direction close to the open end.

16. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 15, wherein, The dimension of the contraction section in the second direction decreases exponentially.

17. The millimeter wave antenna of any of claims 2-11, wherein, The feed slot on the second metal layer is a straight slot, and a length direction of the straight slot is perpendicular to the first direction.

18. An antenna system, wherein, The millimeter wave antenna comprises the millimeter wave antenna according to any one of claims 1-17.

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