Methods, architectures, apparatus, and systems for selecting low-power wake-up signal cells based on energy storage status and cell type.

Abstract

Products including procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer programs for low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) cell selection. The radio transmit-receive unit (WTRU) can indicate to the gNB information related to the WTRU's capabilities for the cell selection procedure. The WTRU can indicate the type of its LP-WUS receiver; for example, a first type WTRU has no energy harvesting capability, a second type has energy harvesting capability but no energy storage capability, and a third type has both energy harvesting and energy storage capabilities. The WTRU can receive one or more cell configurations. Cell configurations can indicate: a first cell type where the cell transmits both an energy harvesting sequence and a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS); and a second cell type where only LP-SS is transmitted. The WTRU can select a cell or prioritize cells for selection based on the WTRU type, energy storage status, and cell type.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 546,332, filed October 30, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems related to cell selection for low-power wake-up signals. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Hereinafter, methods and apparatus for improving support for low-power wake-up signal cell selection for wireless transmit-receive units are defined and described, and are claimed in accordance with the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0004] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Like this detailed description, the figures in such drawings are exemplary. Therefore, the figures (each figure) and the detailed description should not be considered limiting, and other equally valid examples are possible and likely to occur. Furthermore, similar reference numerals (“reference numerals”) in the figures indicate similar elements, and wherein: Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system.

[0005] Figure 1B It's shown in the diagram. Figure 1A The diagram shows a system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used in a communication system.

[0006] Figure 1C It's shown in the diagram. Figure 1A The diagram illustrates a system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within a communication system.

[0007] Figure 1D It's shown in the diagram. Figure 1A The diagram shows another example RAN and another example CN used in the communication system.

[0008] Figure 2 It is a simplified receiver architecture that utilizes a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR) wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU); Figure 3 This is an example of a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) waveform based on an on / off keying of OOK-1 (a single bit in one OFDM symbol); Figure 4This is an example of a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) waveform based on an on / off keying of OOK-2 (using multiple bits multiplexed in the frequency domain within one OFDM symbol); Figure 5 This is an example of a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) waveform controlled by the on / off key of OOK-3 (multi-tone single-bit OOK); Figure 6 This is an example of a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) waveform based on an on / off keying of OOK-4 (using multiple bits multiplexed in the time domain in one OFDM symbol); Figure 7 This is an example classification of cells according to one embodiment, based on the cell type of cell support for transmitting LP-SS and energy harvesting sequences, and an example classification of WTRUs according to the WTRU type of WTRU energy harvesting and energy storage capabilities; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a method for biased LP-WUS monitoring based on cell type and WTRU type according to one embodiment; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a method for LP-WUS monitoring based on energy storage state, according to one embodiment; and Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a method for performing LP-WUS monitoring according to another embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0009] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the description below. Furthermore, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in place of or in combination with the embodiments and other examples described, disclosed, or otherwise explicitly, implicitly, and / or inherently provided (collectively, the “Provided”). Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein, in which apparatuses, systems, devices, etc., and / or any elements thereof perform operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc., and / or any part thereof, it is to be understood that any embodiment described and / or claimed herein assumes that any apparatus, system, device, etc., and / or any element thereof is configured to perform any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc., and / or any part thereof.

[0010] Abbreviations and acronyms. ∆f Subcarrier spacing gNB NR NodeB AP non-periodicity BFR beam failure recovery BFD-RS Beam Failure Detection - Reference Signal BLER block error rate BWP bandwidth portion CA carrier aggregation CB is based on contention (e.g., access, channel, resources). CCA Idle Channel Assessment CDM (Code Division Multiplexing) CG Community Group CLI Cross-Link Interference CoMP Cooperative Multipoint Transmit / Receive COT channel occupancy time CP cyclic prefix CPE Common Phase Error CP-OFDM vs. Traditional OFDM (dependent on cyclic prefix) CQI Channel Quality Indicator CN core network (e.g., LTE packet core or NR core) CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSI Channel State Information CSI-RS Channel State Information - Reference Signal CU (Centralized Unit) D2D device-to-device transmission (e.g., LTE sidelink) DC Dual Connection DCI Downlink Control Information DL downlink DM-RS demodulation reference signal DRB Data Radio Bearer DU Distributed Unit EH Energy Harvesting EHS Energy Harvesting Sequence EN-DC E-UTRA - NR Dual Connection EPC Evolution Group Core FD-CDM Frequency Domain-Code Division Multiplexing FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) FSK Frequency Shift Keying ICI inter-cell interference ICIC Inter-cell Interference Cancellation IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) IP Internet Protocol LBT Listen before you speak LCH Logical Channel LCID (Logical Channel Identifier) LCP Logical Channel Priority Processing LLC Low Latency Communication LP-SS low-power synchronization signal LP-WUS Low Power Wake-up Signal LP-WUR Low Power Wake-up Receiver LTE Long Term Evolution, such as from 3GPP LTE Release 8 and higher. MAC Media Access Control MAC CE Media Access Control Element NACK (Negative) MBMS Multimedia Broadcasting System MCG Main Cell Group MCS modulation and coding scheme MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) MR main radio MTC Machine Type Communication MR-DC Multi-RAT Dual Connection NAS Non-Access Layer NCB-RS New Candidate Beam - Reference Signal NE-DC NR-RAN - E-UTRA Dual Connectivity NR New Radio NR-DC New Radio Dual Connectivity OCC Orthogonal Cover Code OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) Out-of-band (OOB) emission OOK On / Off Key Control Pcmax is the total available power of the UE within a given transmission interval. Pcell primary cell group primary cell PCG main cell group PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) PDU Protocol Data Unit PER grouping error rate PHY physical layer PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PLR packet loss rate PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) PRB (Physical Resource Block) PRI PUCCH resource indicator PRS Positioning Reference Signal Pscell secondary cell group primary cell PSS Master Synchronization Signal PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal QoS (Quality of Service) from a physical layer perspective RAB Radio Access Bearer RAN PA Radio Access Network Paging Area RACH (Random Access Channel or Procedure) RAR Random Access Response RAT Radio Access Technology RB resource block RCU Radio Access Network Centralized Unit RF front end RE Resource Elements RLF radio link failure RLM Radio Link Monitoring RNTI Radio Network Identifier RO random access timing ROM read-only mode (for MBMS) RRC Radio Resource Control RRM Radio Resource Management RS reference signal RSRP reference signal received power RSRQ reference signal reception quality RTT round trip time SBFD Subband Non-overlapping Full-Duplex SC subcarrier SCG Auxiliary Community Group SCMA (Single Carrier Multiple Access) SCS Subcarrier Spacing SDU Service Data Unit SOM Spectrum Operating Mode SP Semi-Persistent SpCell primary or secondary cell group's primary cell SRB signaling radio bearer SS synchronization signal SRS Detection Reference Signal SSS auxiliary synchronization signal SUL supplements uplink SWG switching interval (in a self-contained subframe) TB transfer block TBS (Transfer Block Size) TCI Transport Configuration Index TDD (Time Division Duplex) TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) TI time interval (in integer multiples of one or more symbols) TTI (Transmission Time Interval) (in integer multiples of one or more symbols) TRP Transmit / Receive Point TRPG Transmit / Receive Point Group TRS Tracking Reference Signal TRx transceiver UL uplink URC Ultra-Reliable Communication URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication V2X vehicle-to-everything communication WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and related technologies (IEEE 802.xx domain) XDD Cross-split duplex.

[0011] Example communication system.

[0012] The methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. About Figure 1A-1D An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructures is provided, wherein various elements of the network may be utilized, performed, arranged, and / or adapted and / or configured for use with the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided herein.

[0013] Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multi-access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail (ZT) Unique Word (UW) Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Spread Spectrum OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), and so on.

[0014] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, radio access networks (RANs) 104 / 113, core networks (CNs) 106 / 115, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d can be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and so on. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0015] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a and 114b can be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d, for example, to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, Internet 110, and / or Network 112. For example, base stations 114a and 114b can be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), Node-B (NB), eNode-B (eNB), home Node-B (HNB), home eNode-B (HeNB), gNode-B (gNB), NR NodeB (NR NB), station controller, access point (AP), wireless router, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be understood that base stations 114a and 114b can include any number of interconnected base station and / or network elements.

[0016] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming can be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0017] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116. Air interface 116 can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Any suitable radio access technology (RAT) can be used to establish air interface 116.

[0018] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multi-access system and can employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in RAN 104 / 113 can implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can establish an air interface 116 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0019] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), which may use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0020] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can use New Radio (NR) to establish air interface 116.

[0021] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example, using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Therefore, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0022] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and so on.

[0023] For example, Figure 1ABase station 114b can be a wireless router, home Node-B, home eNode-B, or access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in localized areas, such as commercial locations, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, air corridors (e.g., for drone use), roads, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of the following: small cells, picocells, or femtocells. Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b can be directly connected to the Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0024] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data can have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, and / or perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1A As not shown, but to be understood, RAN104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs employing the same RAT as or a different RAT than RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, CN106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) employing any of GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technologies.

[0025] CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0026] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example... Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which may employ cellular-based radio technology, and to communicate with base station 114b, which may employ IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0027] Figure 1B This is a system diagram illustrating example WTRU 102. (Example:) Figure 1B As shown, among other things, WTRU 102 may include, in particular, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other components / peripherals 138. It will be understood that WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0028] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmitting / receiving element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it will be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together in, for example, an electronic package or chip.

[0029] Transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) on air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be, for example, a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It will be understood that transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0030] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in Figure 1B While depicted as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Therefore, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals on air interface 116.

[0031] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals transmitted by transmitting / receiving element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitting / receiving element 122. As described above, WTRU 102 can have multi-mode capability. Thus, for example, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0032] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 can be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and can receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 can access and store information from any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a user identification module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access and store information from memory that is not physically located on WTRU 102, such as a server or home computer (not shown).

[0033] The processor 118 can receive power from the power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 can be any suitable device that powers the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell battery packs (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0034] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information on the air interface 116 from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b), and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0035] Processor 118 may be further coupled to other components / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units providing additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, components / peripherals 138 may include accelerometers, electronic compasses, satellite transceivers, digital cameras (e.g., for photos and / or video), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, Bluetooth® modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, and so on. Components / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors, altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, attitude sensors, biosensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0036] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference via hardware (e.g., chokes) or via signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with specific subframes for either uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0037] Figure 1C The diagram illustrates a system diagram of RAN 104 and CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, RAN 104 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0038] RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c; however, it will be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c on air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, for example, eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit and receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0039] Each of the eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), etc. Figure 1C As shown, eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other on the X2 interface.

[0040] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is described as part of CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0041] The MME 162 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0042] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc.

[0043] SGW 164 can connect to PGW 166, which can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks such as Internet 110, so as to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0044] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a circuit-switched network such as PSTN 108, facilitating communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and traditional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include, or be able to communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0045] Despite WTRU in Figure 1A-1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that in some representative embodiments, such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0046] In a representative embodiment, another network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0047] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP can access or interface with a distributed system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS destined for a STA can be delivered to the AP. Traffic originating from a STA destined for an external BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. For example, traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, where the source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic can be sent between source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between them) using Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some representative embodiments, the DLS can use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). WLANs using Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode may not have access points (APs), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to as "ad-hoc" communication mode in this document.

[0048] When using 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz bandwidth) or dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative embodiments, such as in an 802.11 system, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA / CA) with collision avoidance can be implemented. For CSMA / CA, each STA, including the AP, can sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, that particular STA can back off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time within a given BSS.

[0049] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels.

[0050] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80 MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data passes through a segment resolver, which splits the data into two streams. Each stream can be processed separately using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and time-domain processing. The streams can be mapped onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, entities, etc.

[0051] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV whitespace (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support metering-type control / machine-type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0052] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STA among all STAs operating in the BSS that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11ah, for a STA that supports (e.g., only supports) the 1 MHz mode (e.g., an MTC-type device), the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Assignment Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because an STA (which only supports the 1 MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available band can be considered busy, even if most of the band remains idle and can be available.

[0053] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0054] Figure 1D This diagram illustrates a system diagram of RAN 113 and CN 115 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using NR radio technology. RAN 113 can also communicate with CN 115.

[0055] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c; however, it will be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c on air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Thus, for example, gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers (not shown) to WTRU 102a. A subset of these component carriers can be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers can be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a can receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0056] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with scalable digitization. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can differ for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including a variable number of OFDM symbols and / or a continuously variable absolute time).

[0057] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, while also communicating / connecting with another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate substantially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, as well as one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can act as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0058] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, interoperability between NR and E-UTRA, routing user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, routing control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, and so on. Figure 1D As shown, gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other on the Xn interface.

[0059] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0060] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more of gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can act as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMF 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, and so on. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing, for example, to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the service type used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services relying on Ultra Reliable Low Latency Time (URLLC) access, services relying on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or so on. AMF 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as Wi-Fi.

[0061] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 115 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 115 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and configure the routing of services through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and assigning UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, etc. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0062] UPF 184a and 184b can be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N3 interface. This N3 interface can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110), for example, to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and so on.

[0063] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include, or be able to communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 115 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may be connected to the local data network (DN) 185a and 185b via the N3 interface to UPFs 184a and 184b and the N6 interface between UPFs 184a and 184b and DNs 185a and 185b.

[0064] Given Figure 1A-1D as well as Figure 1A-1D As described herein, one or more, or all, of the functions described in any of the following can be performed by one or more emulation components / devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or one or more other components / devices described herein. An emulation device can be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0065] Simulation devices can be designed to perform tests on one or more other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. Simulation devices can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using over-the-air wireless communication.

[0066] One or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions, including all functions, rather than being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, simulation devices may be used to test test scenarios in laboratory and / or non-deployment (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication networks to implement the testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices may be test devices. Simulation devices may transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas).

[0067] introduction.

[0068] Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring has the potential to reduce power consumption in WTRUs and other small battery-powered devices. This is achieved by using a separate ultra-low-power receiver that monitors the wake-up signal (WUS) and triggers the main radio (MR) dedicated to data and control signal transmission / reception, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0069] In 3GPP, a RAN-level study on environmental IoT was approved in RAN#97e (RP-222685) using the following device characteristics. This study considered the following three types of devices identified (see AC points below): A) Device Type A: Devices of type A have no energy storage capacity and no independent signal generation / amplification capability. That is, the transmission of devices A is accomplished through backscattering. B) Device Type B: Type B devices have energy storage capabilities but no independent signal generation capabilities; that is, Type B devices use backscattering for transmission. However, the use of the stored energy can include amplification of the reflected signal through the Type B device; and C) Device Type C: Type C devices have energy storage capabilities and independent signal generation capabilities, meaning that Type C devices can use active RF components for transmission.

[0070] Although Rel-18 LP-WUS only considers low-power receivers without energy harvesting, support for energy harvesting receivers has been considered from the outset of the discussion. Furthermore, Rel-19 will most likely support environmental IoT with energy harvesting receivers. Since environmental IoT considers similar low-power devices with LP-WUS, support for LP-WUS extensions, taking into account energy harvesting devices identified in environmental IoT, is likely of great interest.

[0071] In TR38.869, research indicates that support for RRM measurements by a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR) is important unless there is no power-saving gain from activating the LP-WUR due to frequent activation of the master radio (MR). In this regard, for cells supporting energy harvesting, a special type of LP-SS (low-power synchronization signal) with an energy harvesting sequence may be required. However, given the existence of Rel-18 LP-WUS and other types of equipment that do not support energy harvesting, supporting energy harvesting sequences in all cells supporting LP-WUS may be impossible.

[0072] Overview.

[0073] Commonly used terms.

[0074] [Definition of Beam] A WTRU can transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal based on at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" can be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0075] The WTRU can use the same spatial domain filter used to receive RS (such as CSI-RS) or SS blocks to transmit physical channels or signals. The WTRU transmission can be referred to as the "target," while the received RS or SS block can be referred to as the "reference" or "source." In this context, it can be said that the WTRU transmits a target physical channel or signal based on the spatial relationship of such RS or SS blocks.

[0076] The WTRU can transmit the first physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as the one used to transmit the second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions can be referred to as the "target" and the "reference" (or "source"), respectively. In this case, it can be said that the WTRU transmits the first (target) physical channel or signal based on the spatial relationship referenced to the second (reference) physical channel or signal.

[0077] Spatial relationships can be implicit, configured by the RRC, or signaled by the MAC CE or DCI. For example, the WTRU can implicitly transmit the DM-RS of the PUSCH and PUSCH based on the same spatial domain filter as the SRS, which is indicated by the SRI in the DCI or configured by the RRC. In another example, spatial relationships can be configured by the RRC for the SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) or signaled by the MAC CE for the PUCCH. Such spatial relationships can also be referred to as "beam indications".

[0078] The WTRU can receive the first (target) downlink channel or signal based on the same spatial domain filters or spatial reception parameters as the second (reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such an association can exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. This association can exist, at least when the first and second signals are reference signals, if the WTRU is configured with Quasi-Cooperative Positioning (QCL) assumption type D between the corresponding antenna ports. Such an association can be configured as a TCI (Transmission Configuration Indicator) state. The association between the CSI-RS or SS block and the DM-RS can be indicated to the WTRU by an index of a set of TCI states configured by the RRC and / or signaled by the MAC CE. Such indication can also be referred to as "beam indication."

[0079] [TRP, MTRP, M-TRP].

[0080] Subsequently, a TRP (e.g., a transmit and receive point) can be used interchangeably with one or more of a TP (transmit point), RP (receive point), RRH (radio remote headend), DA (distributed antenna), BS (base station), sector (of the BS), and cell (e.g., a geographic cell area served by the BS), but still consistent with the present invention. Subsequently, multiple TRPs can be used interchangeably with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs, but still consistent with the present invention.

[0081] [CSI component].

[0082] The WTRU can report a subset of Channel State Information (CSI) components, where the CSI components may correspond at least to the CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), the SSB Resource Indicator (SSBRI), an indication of the panel received at the WTRU (such as a panel identifier or group identifier), measurements such as L1-RSRP and L1-SINR obtained from the SSB or CSI-RS (e.g., cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR), and other channel state information (such as at least rank indicator (RI), channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), layer index (LI), and / or so on).

[0083] [Channel and / or interference measurements].

[0084] [SSB] The WTRU can receive Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) blocks. An SS / PBCH block (SSB) can include the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The WTRU can monitor, receive, or attempt to decode SSBs during initial access, initial synchronization, Radio Link Monitoring (RLM), cell search, cell handover, etc.

[0085] [CSI-RS] The WTRU can measure and report Channel State Information (CSI), where the CSI for each connectivity mode can include or be configured with one or more of the following (see ac points below): a) CSI reporting configuration, including one or more of the following (see points a1-a4 below): a1) Number of CSI reports, such as Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Rank Indicator (RI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), Layer Indicator (LI), etc. a2) CSI report types, such as non-periodic, semi-persistent, and periodic; a3) CSI report codebook configuration, such as Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc.; and a4) CSI reporting frequency.

[0086] b) A CSI-RS resource set, including one or more of the following CSI resource settings (see points b1-b3 below): b1) NZP-CSI-RS resources used for channel measurements; b2) NZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurements; and b3) CSI-IM resources for interference measurement; c) NZP CSI-RS resources, including one or more of the following (see points c1-c4 below): c1) NZP CSI-RS Resource ID; c2) Period and offset; c3) QCL information and TCI status; c4) Resource mapping, such as the number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.

[0087] A WTRU may indicate, define, or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU may monitor, receive, and measure one or more parameters based on the corresponding reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may be applicable. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of parameters that can be included in the measurement of one or more reference signals. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included.

[0088] SS-RSRP. SS-RSRP (SS Reference Signal Received Power) can be measured based on a synchronization signal (e.g., the demodulated reference signal (DMRS) in the PBCH or SSS). It can be defined as the linear average of the power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal. Power scaling of the reference signal may be necessary when measuring RSRP. When SS-RSRP is used for L1-RSRP, the measurement can also be performed based on the CSI reference signal in addition to the synchronization signal.

[0089] CSI-RSRP. CSI-RSRP can be measured based on the linear average of the power contribution of the resource element (RE) carrying the corresponding CSI-RS. CSI-RSRP measurements can be configured within the measurement resources used for the configured CSI-RS timing.

[0090] SS-SINR. The SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SS-SINR) can be measured based on a synchronization signal (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). It can be defined as the linear average of the power contribution of the resource element (RE) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contributions. When SS-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurements can be performed based on resources configured by a higher layer.

[0091] CSI-SINR. CSI-SINR can be measured by dividing the linear average of the power contribution of the resource element (RE) carrying the corresponding CSI-RS by the linear average of the noise and interference power contributions. When CSI-SINR is used in conjunction with L1-SINR, noise and interference power measurements can be performed based on resources configured at a higher level. Otherwise, noise and interference power can be measured based on resources carrying the corresponding CSI-RS.

[0092] RSSI. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) can be measured based on the average of the total power contribution across the configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. Power contributions can be received from various resources, such as co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.

[0093] CLI-RSSI. The Cross-Layer Interference Received Signal Strength Indicator (CLI-RSSI) can be measured based on the average of the total power contribution across configured OFDM symbols for configured time and frequency resources. Power contributions can be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.). SRS-RSRP. The probe reference signal RSRP (SRS-RSRP) can be measured based on the linear average of the power contribution of the resource element (RE) carrying the corresponding SRS.

[0094] SS-RSRQ. The secondary synchronization reference signal reception quality (SS-RSRQ) can be measured based on measurements of the reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In one example, SS-RSRQ can be calculated as the ratio of N × SS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. Thus, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator can be performed on the same set of resource blocks.

[0095] CSI-RSRQ. CSI reference signal reception quality (CSI-RSRQ) can be measured based on measurements of the reference signal received power (CSI-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In one example, CSI-RSRQ can be calculated as the ratio of N × CSI-RSRP / CSIRSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. Thus, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator can be performed on the same set of resource blocks.

[0096] [Beam / CSI Report Configuration].

[0097] CSI reporting configurations (e.g., CSI-ReportConfigs) can be associated with a single BWP (e.g., indicated by BWP-Id) which configures one or more of the following parameters (see ao point below): a) CSI-RS resources and / or sets of CSI-RS resources used for channel and interference measurements; b) CSI-RS report configuration types, including periodic, semi-persistent, and non-periodic; c) CSI-RS transmission cycle for periodic and semi-persistent CSI reports; d) CSI-RS transmission slot offset for periodic, semi-permanent, and non-periodic CSI reports; e) List of CSI-RS transmission slot offsets for semi-persistent and non-periodic CSI reports; f) Time constraints for channel and interference measurements; g) Report frequency band configuration (wideband / subband CQI, PMI, etc.); h) Thresholds and calculation modes for the number of reports (CQI, RSRP, SINR, LI, RI, etc.); i) Codebook configuration; j) Group-based beam reporting; k) CQI table; l) Subband size; m) Non-PMI port indication; n) Port index; o) etc.

[0098] [CSI-RS resource configuration].

[0099] A CSI-RS resource set (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) may include one or more CSI-RS resources (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource and CSI-ResourceConfig), wherein the WTRU may be configured with one or more of the following CSI-RS resources (see ad points below): a) CSI-RS period and slot offset for periodic and semi-persistent CSI-RS resources; b) CSI-RS resource mapping to define the number, density, CDM type, OFDM symbol, and subcarrier occupancy of CSI-RS ports; c) The bandwidth portion to which the configured CSI-RS is assigned; d) References to TCI states, including one or more QCL source RSs and one or more corresponding QCL types.

[0100] [RS resource set configuration].

[0101] One or more of the following configurations can be used for RS resource set (a): a) WTRU can be configured with one or more RS resource sets.

[0102] RS resource set configurations may include one or more of the following (see points a1-a5 below): a1) RS resource set ID; a2) One or more RS resources used for an RS resource set; a3) Repeat (i.e., on or off); a4) Non-periodic trigger offset (e.g., one of the 0-6 time slots); a5) TRS information (e.g., true or false).

[0103] [RS resource configuration].

[0104] One or more of the following configurations can be used for RS resources (see ag point below): a) A WTRU can be configured with one or more RS resources. b) RS resource configuration may include one or more of the following: a) RS resource ID; b) Resource mapping (e.g., RE in PRB); c) Power control offset (e.g., a value of -8, ..., 15); d) Power control offset with SS (e.g., -3 dB, 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 dB). e) Scrambling ID; f) Period and offset; g) QCL information (e.g., based on TCI state); [The nature of authorization or assignment].

[0105] In the following text, the nature of authorization or assignment may consist of at least one of the following (see point A below): a) Frequency assignment; b) An aspect of time assignment, such as duration; c) Priority; d) Modulation and coding scheme; e) Transport block size; f) The number of spatial layers; g) The number of transport blocks; h) TCI status, CSI, or SRI; i) The number of repetitions; j) Is the repetition scheme type A or type B? k) Is the authorization type configured as authorization type 1, authorization type 2, or dynamic authorization? l) Is the assignment dynamic or semi-persistent (configured) scheduling? m) The configured authorization index or semi-persistent assignment index; n) The period for configuring authorization or assignment; o) Access Priority Category (CAPC); p) Any parameters provided in the DCI by MAC or RRC for scheduling authorization or assignment.

[0106] In the following text, the indications via DCI may consist of at least one of the following (see points ab below): a) Explicit indication via the DCI field or via the RNTI of the CRC used to mask or scramble the DCI; b) Implicit indication of properties such as DCI format, DCI size, core set or search space, aggregation level, and the first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., the index of the first control channel element), wherein the mapping between properties and values ​​can be signaled by RRC or MAC.

[0107] Receiving or monitoring a DCI that has or uses RNTI may mean that the CRC of the DCI is masked or scrambled by RNTI.

[0108] Subsequently, the signal can be used interchangeably with one or more of the following (see point ae below): a) Sound Reference Signal (SRS); b) Channel State Information—Reference Signal (CSI-RS); c) Demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); d) Phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); e) Synchronization Signal Block (SSB); However, it is still consistent with the present invention.

[0109] Subsequently, the channel can be used interchangeably with one or more of the following (af): a) Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH); b) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH); c) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH); d) Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH); e) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH); f) etc.

[0110] However, it is still consistent with the present invention.

[0111] Subsequently, signals, channels, and messages (e.g., signals, channels, and messages in DL or UL) may be used interchangeably, but still remain consistent with the present invention.

[0112] Subsequently, RS can be used interchangeably with one or more of RS resources, RS resource sets, RS ports, and RS port groups, but still in accordance with the present invention.

[0113] Subsequently, RS can be used interchangeably with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS and DM-RS, TRS, PRS and PTRS, but still in accordance with the present invention.

[0114] In this document, time instances, time slots, symbols, and subframes can be used interchangeably, but still in accordance with the present invention.

[0115] In this document, the terms SSB, SS / PBCH block, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and MIB are used interchangeably and remain consistent with the present invention.

[0116] Subsequently, the proposed solution for beam resource prediction can be applied to beam resources belonging to a single or multiple cells and a single or multiple TRPs, and remains consistent with the present invention.

[0117] Subsequently, CSI reports can be used interchangeably with CSI measurements, beam reports, and beam measurements, but still remain consistent with the present invention.

[0118] Subsequently, RS resource sets can be used interchangeably with beam groups, but still remain consistent with the present invention.

[0119] LP-WUS waveform.

[0120] According to one embodiment, one or more of the following waveforms can be used to generate LP-WUS (see point ae below).

[0121] a) Where K can be the size of the iFFT of CP-OFDMA, and N can be the number of subcarriers (SCs) used by LP-WUS, including potential guard bands.

[0122] b) OOK (see points b1-b4 below): b1) Option OOK-1 (Broadband Transmission), see Figure 3 A single bit in an OFDM symbol, the SC of LP-WUS can be (see points b1a-b1b below): b1a) OOK=1 can mean that all SCs are modulated; b1b) OOK=0 can mean that all SCs are zero power (from the baseband perspective).

[0123] b2) Option OOK-2 (see b2) Figure 4 (Multiple bits multiplexed in the frequency domain within a single OFDM symbol): Parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain (see points b2a-b2c below): b2a) The N SCs of LP-WUS can be further divided into M segments (M=2 in the figure), with protective strips between and / or around the segments; b2b) OOK=1 can mean that all SCs in the segment are modulated; b2c) OOK=0 can mean that all SCs in the segment are zero power (from the baseband perspective).

[0124] b3) Option OOK-3 (see b3) Figure 5 Multi-frequency single-bit OOK): Multi-frequency single-bit OOK (see points b3a-b3c below): b3a) The N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into L segments (L=2 in the figure). There are no guard bands between the segments, but there may be guard bands around them. b3b) OOK=1 can mean that one subcarrier (WTRU known) in each segment is modulated, and the rest of the SC is zero power (from the baseband perspective). b3c) OOK=0 can mean that all SCs in all segments are zero power (from the baseband perspective).

[0125] b4) Option OOK-4 (see b4) Figure 6 (Using multiple bits multiplexed in the time domain within a single OFDM symbol): Transforming M-bit OOK in the time domain (see points b4a-b4b below): b4a) The N SCs of OOK-1 can be generated by transformation (DFT / least squares method) (see points b4a1-b4a3 below): b4a 1) N' samples can be generated from M bits; b4a2) can be modified with or without using signals; b4a3) may or may not use truncation or other additional modifications; if not used, N may be the same as N'. b4b) N' can be the same as K. c) FSK (see points c1-c2 below): c1) Option FSK-1: The N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into M pairs of segments, with potential guard zones between and around the segments (see points c1a-c1b below): (c1a) A segment may include one subcarrier or multiple consecutive SCs. (c1b) In a pair of segments, one segment can be modulated, and the other segment can be zero power (from the baseband perspective). c2) Option FSK-2: The N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into 2^M segments, with potential protective zones between and around them (see points c2a-c2b below): (c2a) A segment may include one subcarrier or multiple consecutive SCs. One of the 2^M segments in c2b) can be modulated, while the other segments of SC can be zero-power (from a baseband perspective). d) CP-OFDM (OFDMA) (d1): OFDM-based modulation symbols and / or sequences (e.g., PSS and / or SSS sequences) can be used for CP-OFDM (OFDMA)-based LP-WUS.

[0126] e) Mixed Waveforms: In one example, mixed waveforms can be used for LP-WUS generation. For example, a combination of OOK and OFDMA can be used by applying an OFDM sequence on top of OOK modulation. In another example, a combination of OOK and FSK can be used.

[0127] WTRU behavior after receiving LP-WUS.

[0128] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can be configured with one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations. For example, the monitoring type (e.g., continuous or duty cycle), monitoring window (period and / or offset), LP-WUS bandwidth, low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) configuration, and so on can be configured. If the WTRU receives / detects one or more LP-WUS, the WTRU can apply one or more of the following procedures after receiving / detecting one or more LP-WUS.

[0129] Monitoring PDCCH: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can wake up (e.g., activate the main radio (MR) and / or deactivate the low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)) and begin monitoring the PDCCH (e.g., for paging).

[0130] Application of System Information (SI) Updates: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can apply SI updates based on received LP-WUS. In one example, after receiving one or more LP-WUS, the WTRU can apply one or more indicated SI sets (e.g., via LP-WUS). In another example, the WTRU can receive updated SIs (e.g., via LP-WUS and / or PDSCH after MR activation).

[0131] Application of Paging-Related Information Updates: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can apply updates to paging-related information based on received LP-WUS. In one example, after receiving one or more LP-WUS, the WTRU can apply one or more indicated sets of paging-related information (e.g., via LP-WUS). In another example, the WTRU can receive updated paging-related information (e.g., via LP-WUS and / or PDSCH after MR activation).

[0132] If the WTRU does not receive / detect one or more LP-WUS, the WTRU can continue to monitor LP-WUS based on one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations.

[0133] LP-WUS resources.

[0134] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive configurations for LP-WUS resources. The LP-WUS resources can be a set of configurations for receiving LP-WUS. For example, the configuration of the LP-WUS resources may include one or more of the following (see point ae below): a) Signal Structure: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of the signal structure. For example, the WTRU can receive one of the following: preamble support, preamble length (if configured), and so on. b) Waveform: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a waveform configuration. For example, the WTRU can receive one of OOK-1, OOK-4, OFDMA, or the like as the waveform for LP-WUS; c) Monitoring type: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of the monitoring type. For example, the WTRU can receive either continuous monitoring or duty cycle monitoring; d) Frequency Resources: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of frequency resources. For example, the WTRU can receive a configuration based on one or more of RBs, subbands, BWPs, etc., to indicate frequency resources for receiving LP-WUS; and e) Time Resources: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of time resources. For example, the WTRU can receive a configuration based on one or more of period, offset, etc. The configuration indication can be based on OFDM symbols, microseconds (µs), time slots, etc.

[0135] Cell selection for LP-WUS monitoring with bias based on cell type and WTRU type.

[0136] The WTRU can receive configurations for one or more cell configurations, where each cell configuration can indicate a cell ID and cell type (e.g., a first cell type (e.g., the cell transmits both Energy Harvesting Sequences (EHS) and LP-SS) and a second cell type (e.g., the cell transmits only LP-SS and not Energy Harvesting Sequences)) and associated information based on the WTRU type (see points a and b below). See also Figure 7 Example cell classifications are obtained based on cell type according to cell support for transmit LP-SS and energy harvesting sequence (EHS). The numbers used for cell classification are arbitrarily chosen.

[0137] a) If the WTRU is a Type I WTRU (e.g., capable of energy harvesting and storage), the WTRU may (e.g., from the gNB) receive one or more of the following configurations: one or more energy storage state thresholds; one or more quality differences, wherein each quality difference is associated with each energy state threshold.

[0138] b) If the WTRU is a second-type WTRU (e.g., unable to harvest energy but capable of storing energy), the WTRU receives the quality difference associated with the first cell type.

[0139] See Figure 7 This is an example of classifying WTRUs according to their capacity to support energy harvesting and storage. The numbers used for classifying WTRU types are arbitrarily chosen.

[0140] WTRU measures LP-SS with a first cell type and / or LP-SS with a second cell type based on WTRU capabilities (see point ab below).

[0141] a) If the WTRU is a first-type WTRU and a second-type WTRU, then the WTRU measures cells with the first cell type and cells with the second cell type.

[0142] b) If the WTRU is a third-type WTRU (e.g., capable of energy harvesting but not energy storage), then the WTRU measurement has a first-type cell.

[0143] If the WTRU is a Type I WTRU, the WTRU determines the energy storage status and the quality of each cell based on the determined energy storage status and measurements (see points ab below).

[0144] a) WTRU selects a cell from one or more cell IDs based on the determined energy storage status and measurements (see points a1-a3 below).

[0145] a1) For example, the quality of the first cell type = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP).

[0146] a2) For example, if the energy storage status > the first energy storage threshold, the WTRU determines the quality of the second cell type as the measured quality (e.g., RSRP) + the first quality difference (e.g., RSRP increment) (e.g., to prioritize cells without an energy harvesting sequence).

[0147] a3) For example, if the energy storage status > the second energy storage threshold, the WTRU determines the quality of the second cell type as the measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) + the second quality difference (e.g., RSRP increment) (e.g., to reduce the priority of cells without energy harvesting sequences).

[0148] b) After selecting a second cell type (or if the currently occupied cell is a second cell type), and if the energy storage status is less than the energy storage threshold, the WTRU triggers another cell selection (e.g., for energy harvesting).

[0149] If the WTRU is a Type II WTRU, then the WTRU determines the quality of each cell based on measurements (see points ab below).

[0150] a) For example, the quality of the first cell type = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP).

[0151] b) For example, the quality of the second cell type = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) + quality difference associated with the second cell type (e.g., RSRP increment).

[0152] If the WTRU is a Type III WTRU, then the WTRU determines the quality of each cell based on measurements. For example, the quality of a Type I cell = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP).

[0153] WTRU selects the LP-WUS resource associated with a cell from one or more cell IDs based on the determined quality (e.g., the cell with the best quality among all cell IDs).

[0154] WTRU monitoring identifies the LP-WUS resources in the cells identified by the LP-WUS resource.

[0155] When the WTRU receives an LP-WUS in the identified LP-WUS resource, the WTRU monitors the PDCCH associated with the paging.

[0156] Subsequently, the low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR) can be used interchangeably with the WTRU, but still in accordance with this disclosure.

[0157] Subsequently, the low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) may be used interchangeably with one or more of the low-power reference signal, reference signal, new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS), and synchronization signal block (SSB), but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0158] The WTRU can indicate the information required for the cell selection procedure (e.g., as an indication of WTRU capabilities to the gNB). For example, it can indicate one or more of the following information (see point a below).

[0159] a) WTRU type (see point a1 below) a1) According to one embodiment, each WTRU may indicate a type of LP-WUR. For example, it may indicate one or more of the following (see points a1a-a1c below).

[0160] a1a) LP-WUR without energy harvesting capability (see points a1a1-a1a2 below): (a1a1) For example, a WTRU can be equipped with an LP-WUR without energy harvesting capability. In this case, the WTRU may not require an energy harvesting sequence before / after a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) (e.g., for synchronization and / or RRM measurements).

[0161] (a1a2) This could be the default capability. For example, if the WTRU does not indicate any WTRU type, it can be assumed that the LP-WUR has no energy harvesting capability (e.g., at the gNB).

[0162] a1b) LP-WUR with energy harvesting capability but no energy storage capability: For example, a WTRU can be equipped with an LP-WUR with energy harvesting capability but no energy storage capability. In this case, the WTRU may always require an energy harvesting sequence before / after the LP-SS (e.g., for synchronization and / or RRM measurements).

[0163] a1c) LP-WUR with both energy harvesting and energy storage capabilities: For example, a WTRU can be equipped with an LP-WUR that has both energy harvesting and energy storage capabilities. In this case, if the stored energy is insufficient for the LP-WUR, the WTRU may require an energy harvesting sequence before / after the LP-SS (e.g., for synchronization and / or RRM measurements). However, if the stored energy is sufficient for the LP-WUR, the WTRU may not require an energy harvesting sequence.

[0164] WTRU can receive one or more of the following configurations (see points a and b below): a) One or more cell configurations (see point a1 below): a1) For example, each cell configuration may indicate one or more of the cell ID and cell type (see points a1a-a1c below).

[0165] a1a) The cell ID can be a physical cell ID and / or a logical cell ID.

[0166] (a1b) Cell type can indicate the type of synchronization signal transmission. For example, a first cell type can indicate that the cell transmits both energy harvesting sequences and LP-SS, while a second cell type can indicate that the cell transmits only LP-SS.

[0167] a1c) One or more LP-WUS resources associated with each cell. For example, the configuration of LP-WUS resources may include one or more of the following (see points a1c1-a1c5 below): (a1c1) Signal Structure: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of the signal structure. For example, the WTRU can receive support for a preamble, a preamble length (if configured), and so on.

[0168] a1c2) Waveform: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a waveform configuration. For example, the WTRU can receive one of OOK-1, OOK-4, OFDMA, or the like as the waveform of LP-WUS.

[0169] (a1c3) Monitoring Type: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of the monitoring type. For example, the WTRU can receive either continuous monitoring or duty cycle monitoring.

[0170] a1c4) Frequency Resources: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of frequency resources. For example, the WTRU can receive a configuration based on one or more of RB, subband, BWP, etc., indicating frequency resources for receiving LP-WUS; and (a1c5) Time Resources: According to one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a configuration of time resources. For example, the WTRU can receive a configuration based on one or more of period, offset, etc. The configuration indication can be based on OFDM symbols, us, time slots, etc.

[0171] b) Association configuration based on WTRU type.

[0172] b1) According to one embodiment, the WTRU may receive one or more of the associated configurations (e.g., based on the WTRU type). For example, the WTRU may receive one or more of the following (see points b1a-b1b below): (b1a) For example, the WTRU can receive one or more of the following configurations (see points b1a1-b1a3 below): b1a1) One or more energy storage state thresholds (see points b1a1a-b1a1b below): (b1a1a) For example, the WTRU can receive one or more energy storage state thresholds. Thresholds can be indicated as absolute values ​​or relative values ​​based on other thresholds. For example, a first threshold and a second threshold can be indicated as absolute values. In another example, the second threshold can be indicated as an increment of the first threshold (or first threshold = second threshold + increment).

[0173] The (b1a1b) threshold can be indicated as energy storage percentage, watt-hour (Wh), milliampere-hour (mAh), and one or more of the following.

[0174] (b1a2) Quality differences, where each quality difference is associated with each energy state threshold; for example, a WTRU may receive one or more quality differences. The number of quality differences may be the same as the number of energy storage state thresholds. For example, each quality difference may be associated with each energy state threshold. Quality differences may be defined as one or more of RSRP differences, SINR differences, RSRQ differences, and so on.

[0175] (b1a3) If the WTRU is a Type I WTRU (e.g., capable of energy harvesting and energy storage), then the WTRU can receive these configurations.

[0176] (b1b) For example, WTRU can receive one or more of the following configurations (see points b1b1-b1b2 below): (b1b1) Quality Differences: For example, a WTRU may receive one or more quality differences. Quality differences may be associated with each cell type. For example, a first quality difference may be associated with a first cell type (e.g., a cell with an energy harvesting sequence), and / or a second quality difference may be associated with a second cell type (e.g., a cell without an energy harvesting sequence).

[0177] (b1b2) If the WTRU is a Type II WTRU (e.g., unable to perform energy harvesting), then the WTRU can accept these configurations.

[0178] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can measure LP-SS with different cell types based on the WTRU type (e.g., via WTRU capability reporting). For example, the WTRU can determine the cell and cell type (e.g., a first cell type and / or a second cell type) based on the WTRU type (see point ac below).

[0179] a) For example, the WTRU can select cells with a first cell type and cells with a second cell type for measurement. This selection can be based on the WTRU type. For example, if the WTRU is a first-type WTRU and / or a second-type WTRU, then the WTRU can measure cells with the first cell type and cells with the second cell type.

[0180] b) For example, the WTRU may select only cells with the first cell type for measurement. This selection may be based on the WTRU type. For example, if the WTRU is a third-type WTRU (e.g., capable of energy harvesting but not energy storage), the WTRU will measure cells with the first cell type.

[0181] c) For example, the WTRU may select only cells with a second cell type for measurement. This selection may be based on the WTRU type. For example, if the WTRU is a second-type WTRU (e.g., it cannot perform energy harvesting), the WTRU measures cells with a second cell type.

[0182] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can determine the state of energy storage (e.g., the state of energy storage of an LP-WUR). This determination can be based on the WTRU type. For example, if the WTRU type is a first-type WTRU (e.g., capable of energy harvesting and energy storage) and / or a second-type WTRU (e.g., unable to harvest energy), then the WTRU can determine the state of energy storage. The state of energy harvesting can be determined as energy storage percentage, watt-hours (Wh), milliampere-hours (mAh), and one or more of the like.

[0183] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can apply different cell selection methods. These different cell selection methods can be based on one or more of cell type, WTRU type, and determined energy storage state. For example, the WTRU can select one or more of the following cell selection procedures (e.g., based on one or more of WTRU type, cell type, and energy storage state).

[0184] If the WTRU is a Type I WTRU, the WTRU determines the energy storage status and the quality of each cell based on the determined energy storage status and measurements.

[0185] a) Cell selection procedure type 1 (see points a1-a2 below): a1) According to one embodiment, the WTRU can determine different quality determination methods (e.g., based on cell type and energy storage status). For example, one or more of the following methods (a1a-a1b) can be used.

[0186] a1a) For the first cell type, the WTRU can determine the quality of the first cell type = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP; e.g., RSRP of LP-SS).

[0187] (a1b) For the second cell type, the WTRU can determine different priority levels based on the determined energy storage status (see points a1b1-a1b2 below).

[0188] (a1b1) For example, the WTRU can be configured with a first energy storage threshold and a second energy storage threshold, wherein the first energy storage threshold can be higher than the second energy storage threshold. If the energy storage state > the first energy storage threshold, the WTRU can determine a first quality difference for cell selection. If the energy storage state > the second energy storage threshold, the WTRU can determine a second quality difference for cell selection. If the energy storage state < the second energy storage threshold, the WTRU can determine that there is no quality difference for cell selection.

[0189] (a1b2) Based on the determined quality differences, the WTRU can determine the quality of the second cell type (see points a1b2a-a1b2b below): (a1b2a) For example, if the energy storage status > the first energy storage threshold, the WTRU determines the quality of the second cell type as: measured quality (e.g., RSRP) + first quality difference (e.g., RSRP increment) (e.g., to prioritize cells without an energy harvesting sequence).

[0190] (a1b2b) For example, if the energy storage status > the second energy storage threshold, the WTRU determines the quality of the second cell type as the measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) + the second quality difference (e.g., RSRP increment) (e.g., to prioritize cells without an energy harvesting sequence).

[0191] The difference between a1b2a and a1b2b lies in the application of different quality differentials based on energy level (e.g., first quality differential: priority boosting; second quality differential: priority ranking).

[0192] a2) If the WTRU is a Type I WTRU, then this type of cell selection procedure can be supported.

[0193] b) Cell selection procedure type 2 (see points b1-b4 below): b1) According to one embodiment, the WTRU can determine different quality determination methods (e.g., based on cell type). For example, the WTRU can determine whether to apply different quality methods to the quality determination based on cell type.

[0194] b2) For example, WTRU can determine the quality of the first cell type as the measurement quality (e.g., RSRP).

[0195] b3) For example, WTRU can determine the quality of the second cell type as: Measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) + Quality difference associated with the second cell type (e.g., RSRP increment).

[0196] b4) If the WTRU is a Type II WTRU, then this type of cell selection procedure can be supported.

[0197] c) Cell selection procedure type 3 (see points c1-c2 below): c1) In one solution, the WTRU can measure only cells with a specific cell type. For example, the WTRU can measure only cells with a first cell type.

[0198] c2) In one solution, the WTRU can apply measurement quality to determine the quality of each cell. For example, the quality of the first cell type = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP).

[0199] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can trigger a cell reselection procedure. For example, the WTRU can trigger a cell reselection procedure when one or more of the following conditions are met (see points a and b below): a) Cell type based on the previously selected cell (see point a1 below).

[0200] a1) According to one embodiment, the WTRU may trigger a cell selection procedure based on the cell type of a previously selected cell (see points a1a-a1b below).

[0201] (a1a) For example, if the WTRU selects a cell with a first cell type (e.g., a cell with an energy harvesting sequence), the WTRU may not trigger a cell reselection procedure. If the WTRU selects a cell with a second cell type (e.g., a cell without an energy harvesting sequence), the WTRU may trigger a cell reselection procedure.

[0202] (a1b) For example, if the WTRU can apply different quality thresholds or different energy storage status thresholds to cell reselection based on cell type. For example, the WTRU can use a first set of thresholds for a first cell type and a second set of thresholds for a second cell type.

[0203] b) Based on the determined energy storage status; according to one embodiment, the WTRU can trigger a cell reselection procedure based on the energy storage status. For example, if the energy storage status is below a threshold (e.g., in the case of a second cell type), the WTRU can trigger a cell reselection procedure.

[0204] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can select the LP-WUS resource associated with a cell from one or more cell IDs based on the determined quality (e.g., the cell with the best quality among all cell IDs).

[0205] According to one embodiment, the WTRU can (e.g., to the gNB) indicate the result of the cell selection / reselection procedure. This indication can be based on one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, UL RS, and so on.

[0206] Based on the identified LP-WUS resources and cell, the WTRU can monitor the LP-WUS in the identified LP-WUS resources of the identified cell. If the WTRU receives LP-WUS in the identified LP-WUS resources, the WTRU can support corresponding operations based on the received LP-WUS information. For example, when the WTRU receives LP-WUS in the identified LP-WUS resources, the WTRU can monitor the PDCCH associated with paging. Furthermore, the WTRU can apply indicated system information and / or paging-related information via LP-WUS.

[0207] Cell selection for LP-WUS monitoring based on energy storage status.

[0208] See Figure 9The WTRU can receive (900) configurations of one or more cell configurations, wherein each cell configuration can indicate a cell ID and cell type (e.g., a first cell type (e.g., the cell transmits both energy harvesting sequences and LP-SS) and a second cell type (e.g., the cell transmits only LP-SS)), energy storage thresholds, and quality differences, wherein each quality difference is associated, for example, with each energy storage state.

[0209] WTRU measurement (901) has LP-SS of the first cell type and / or LP-SS of the second cell type.

[0210] The WTRU determines the energy storage status and quality of each cell based on the determined energy storage status and measurements.

[0211] a) WTRU selects a (903) cell from one or more cell IDs based on the determined energy storage status and measurements (see points a1-a2 below).

[0212] a1) For example, if the energy storage state > energy storage threshold (see points a1a-a1b below). (a1a) Then WTRU determines the quality of the first cell type = measured quality (e.g., RSRP) + first quality difference associated with the first cell type (e.g., RSRP increment) (e.g., to prioritize cells without energy harvesting sequences).

[0213] a1b) WTRU determines the quality of the second cell type = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP).

[0214] a2) For example, if the energy storage state is less than the energy storage threshold (see points a2a-a2b below). (a2a) Then WTRU determines the quality of the first cell type = measurement quality (e.g., RSRP).

[0215] a2b) WTRU determines the quality of the second cell type as: Measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) + Second quality difference associated with the second cell type (e.g., RSRP increment) (e.g., to prioritize cells with energy harvesting sequences).

[0216] WTRU selects (904) the LP-WUS resources associated with a cell from one or more cell IDs based on the determined quality (e.g., the cell with the best quality among all cell IDs).

[0217] The LP-WUS in the cells identified by WTRU monitoring (905).

[0218] When the WTRU receives an LP-WUS in the identified LP-WUS resource, the WTRU monitors (906) the PDCCH associated with the paging.

[0219] [SS / PBCH block, MIB, and SIB].

[0220] The WTRU can receive the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The PBCH can be part of an SS / PBCH block (SSB). The PBCH can carry system information. The PBCH may include or carry a Master Information Block (MIB). The term MIB can be used to refer to the content, information, payload, and / or bits carried by the PBCH. PBCH and MIB are used interchangeably herein.

[0221] Upon detecting and / or receiving an SS / PBCH block, the WTRU can use information about time and / or frequency resources in the MIB to locate one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs). The term SIB can be used to refer to content, information, payload, and / or bits. In one example, one or more cell selection (reselection) parameters can be broadcast in an SIB (e.g., SIB1, SIB2, SIB3, etc.), where the WTRU can detect and / or receive from the serving cell and / or newly detected cells.

[0222] [LP-SS].

[0223] The WTRU can receive and / or detect low-power synchronization signals (LP-SS), where the LP-SS may carry one or more configuration and / or system information. The term LP-SS can be used to refer to content, information, payload, and / or bits. In one example, one or more cell selection (reselection) parameters may be broadcast in the LP-SS, where the WTRU can detect and / or receive from the serving cell and / or newly detected cells.

[0224] In this document, the terms LP-SS and SSB are used interchangeably, but remain consistent with this disclosure.

[0225] [Cell selection and / or reselection].

[0226] The WTRU can perform cell selection with or without stored cell information. Cell information may include frequency and / or cell parameters. In one example, a cell may be defined as a combination of one or more uplink component carriers (CCs) and one or more downlink component carriers. Based on previously received measurement control information elements or according to previously detected cells, the WTRU may (previously) store information about one or more cells. If the WTRU has stored cell information, it can make full use of it for cell selection.

[0227] In the absence of stored information, or if a cell search based on stored information yields no results, the WTRU can perform initial cell selection, where the WTRU lacks prior knowledge of cell parameters. For example, the WTRU may not know which RF channels are NR frequencies. Thus, the WTRU can scan and / or monitor one or more RF channels, for example, from a set of RF channels in the NR band (e.g., based on synchronization grating frequencies), to find suitable cells. For example, the synchronization grating can indicate the frequency location of the LP-SS, which can be used by the WTRU for system acquisition when no explicit signaling of the LP-SS location exists. Thus, the WTRU can search to find the LP-SS corresponding to one or more cells on each frequency channel and / or grating, where the WTRU can select the strongest cell based on measurements of the detected LP-SS's RSSI, RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.

[0228] Criteria for a suitable cell. In one example, the WTRU can use one or more criteria to select candidate cells as suitable cells. Once a suitable cell is found, the WTRU can select it as the serving cell. The WTRU can determine the criteria based on one or more quality parameters. The WTRU can determine the quality parameters based on one or more of the following: measured parameters, compensation values, scaling rules, quality difference values, etc. As an example, the WTRU can determine compensation values ​​and / or scaling rules based on one or more configured and / or indicated offsets, parameters, configuration values. In one example, the WTRU can be configured with or determine one or more of the following parameters: Measured cell received Rx power level values: For example, the WTRU can measure the reference signal received power (RSRP), signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), etc. of one or more LP-SS, reference signal and / or channel.

[0229] Measured cell quality values: For example, the WTRU can measure the reference signal reception quality (RSRQ) of one or more LP-SS, reference signals and / or channels.

[0230] Minimum required RX power level and / or quality level in the cell. For example, the WTRU may receive, determine, or be configured with one or more parameters and / or offset values ​​to determine the minimum required Rx power level (e.g., in dBm) and / or minimum required quality level (e.g., dB) in the corresponding cell.

[0231] Compensation values: For example, the WTRU may receive, determine, or be configured with one or more parameters, offsets, difference values, and / or scaling values, which may be used when an instruction is received, or determined by the WTRU based on one or more operating modes, events, thresholds, etc.

[0232] The evaluated cell selection (reselection) Rx power level: For example, the WTRU can calculate, evaluate, and / or compute the received power level (e.g., in dB) based on one or more measured parameters and / or compensation and / or scaling values. In one example, the WTRU can compute the evaluated cell selection (reselection) Rx power level (e.g., Srxlev) based on the measured cell's received power level (e.g., Qrxlevmeas), the minimum required measured Rx power level (e.g., Qrxlevmin and / or Qrxlevminoffset), compensation parameters (e.g., Pcompensation), one or more temporary offset values ​​(e.g., Qoffsettemp), etc. (e.g., Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas – (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation – Qoffsettemp). Thus, if the evaluated cell selection (reselection) Rx power level is higher than the (pre)configured threshold (e.g., for cell selection, Srxlev>0, or for intra-frequency and inter-frequency cell reselection, Srxlev>SintraSearchP or Srxlev>SnonIntraSearchP, etc.), the WTRU can select the corresponding cell as one of the suitable candidate cells.

[0233] The evaluated cell selection (reselection) quality value: For example, the WTRU can calculate, evaluate, and / or compute a receive quality value (e.g., in dB) based on one or more measured parameters and / or compensation and / or scaling values. In one example, the WTRU can calculate the evaluated cell selection (reselection) quality value (e.g., Squal) (e.g., Squal = Qqualmeas - (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset) - Qoffsettemp) based on the measured cell quality value (e.g., Qqualmeas), the minimum required quality level (e.g., Qqualmin and / or Qqualminoffset), one or more temporary offset values ​​(e.g., Qoffsettemp), etc.). Thus, if the evaluated cell selection (reselection) quality value is higher than a (pre)configured threshold (e.g., Squal > 0 for intra-frequency and inter-frequency respectively, or Squal > SintraSearchQ, or Squal > SnonIntraSearchQ, cell reselection, etc.), the WTRU can select the corresponding cell as one of the suitable candidate cells.

[0234] The WTRU can receive or be configured with one or more of compensation and / or scaling parameters, values, settings, and / or rules as criteria for cell selection (reselection) via implicit and / or explicit indications. Explicit indications can be via configuration information from corresponding LP-SS, SSB, system information blocks, semi-static configurations (e.g., via RRC), dynamic indications (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI), etc. The WTRU can determine the use of one or more compensation and / or scaling rules based on implicit indications, i.e., by comparing one or more parameters with corresponding thresholds.

[0235] [Community sorting]

[0236] When measuring and calculating the estimated received power and / or estimated quality values, the WTRU can perform cell ranking on all cells (e.g., serving cells, neighboring cells, and / or non-serving cells) that the WTRU has determined to be suitable candidate cells based on cell selection criteria. For example, the WTRU can determine cell ranking based on an R value calculated using the average RSRP result. One or more of the following may be applicable. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of parameters that can be included in cell ranking calculations and measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included.

[0237] Rs = Qmeas,s+Qhyst–Qoffsettemp Rn = Qmeas, n-Qoffset–Qoffsettemp, Where Rs and Rn correspond to the serving cell and neighboring cells and / or non-serving cells, respectively. In one example, Qhyst can represent the mobility aspect of the WTRU in the above equation. For intra-frequency and inter-frequency cell selection (reselection), Qoffset can be configured with different values, and Qmeas can be the measured RSRP amount used in cell selection (reselection).

[0238] If, during the (pre)configured time interval, a new cell has a higher R value than the serving cell, the WTRU can reselect a new candidate cell.

[0239] [Configuration of a community based on energy harvesting capabilities].

[0240] In one solution, the WTRU can receive one or more configuration information about one or more cells, wherein the configuration information for each cell may include one or more configuration information about the cell's energy harvesting capabilities. For example, the WTRU can receive configuration information about the serving cell and one or more non-serving cells. In one example, the WTRU can receive configuration information from the serving cell via RRC, MAC-CE and / or DCI, SSB, SIB, etc. In another example, the WTRU can receive configuration information from one or more non-serving cells based on received and / or detected SSB, SIB, etc. Alternatively, in another example, the WTRU can receive configuration information from the serving cell and / or non-serving cells as part of the payload of one or more received and / or detected LP-SSs.

[0241] In one example, the WTRU can receive one or more configuration information about one or more cells, where the configuration information may include one or more of the following (see point ae below): a) Cell-ID. For example, the WTRU can receive the cell-ID corresponding to the indicated cell.

[0242] b) Cell-type. In one solution, the WTRU may receive the cell-type as part of the received configuration information for one or more of the serving cell and / or non-serving cells, wherein the cell-type may indicate one or more configuration information in the context of the cell's energy harvesting capabilities (see points b1-b2 below).

[0243] b1) First cell type. For example, the WTRU may receive an indication of a first cell having a first cell-ID, which has a first cell type. In one example, the indication of the first cell type may indicate that the indicated first cell can transmit or is capable of transmitting both energy harvesting sequences and LP-SS (see point b1a below).

[0244] b1a) Configuration of the energy harvesting sequence. For example, configuration information may include one or more pieces of information about the transmit energy harvesting sequence, including period, start time, duration, end time, time and frequency resources, sequence properties, etc. In one example, the configuration information about the transmit energy harvesting sequence may be based on the configured LP-SS sequence. For example, the time and frequency resources may be indicated based on detected and / or received LP-SSs. In another example, the start time, duration, and / or end time may be indicated based on one or more LP-SSs.

[0245] b2) Second Cell Type. In another example, the WTRU can receive an indication of a second cell with a second cell-ID that has a second cell type. In one example, the indication of the second cell type could indicate that the indicated second cell may not transmit energy harvesting sequences, and that the second cell with the second cell type only transmits LP-SS.

[0246] c) Energy storage thresholds. For example, a WTRU may receive one or more energy storage thresholds. A WTRU may use an energy storage threshold corresponding to its state (e.g., mobility state, service state, etc.). In one example, if the WTRU is in a first mobility state (e.g., static), the WTRU may use a first energy storage threshold; if the WTRU is in a second mobility state (e.g., fast movement), the WTRU may use a second energy storage threshold; and so on. In another example, if the service activity level is more DL service, the WTRU may use a third energy storage threshold; if the service activity level is more UL service, the WTRU may use a fourth energy storage threshold; and so on.

[0247] d) Scaling values ​​and / or quality differences. For example, the WTRU may receive one or more scaling values, offsets, and / or quality differences, which the WTRU may apply based on one or more conditions, thresholds, and / or events. In one example, the WTRU may be configured to use one or more scaling values ​​to prioritize or de-prioritize cell types during cell ranking or cell selection procedures.

[0248] e) etc.

[0249] In this document, the terms quality difference and scaling value are used interchangeably, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0250] Prioritize cell selection (reselection) based on energy storage threshold.

[0251] In one solution, the WTRU can detect and / or receive one or more LP-SSs from the serving cell and / or one or more non-serving cells, wherein the WTRU can measure one or more parameters based on the received and / or detected LP-SSs. The WTRU can identify candidate cells from the cells from which it has detected and / or received LP-SSs, wherein the candidate cells can be one or more of the serving cell and / or non-serving cells.

[0252] The WTRU can determine cell selection parameters for candidate cells, which may have a first cell type or a second cell type. In one example, the WTRU can determine, estimate, compute, or measure cell selection parameters, including RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc. The WTRU can perform a cell ranking procedure based on the cell selection parameters determined, measured, and / or computed for the candidate cells. The WTRU can determine or be configured to apply one or more scaling values ​​to one or more candidate cells.

[0253] Compensate for and / or scale the cell's quality parameters.

[0254] In one solution, the WTRU can perform compensation and / or scaling on measured or calculated quality parameters of one or more candidate cells. For example, the WTRU can receive, identify, determine, or be configured with one or more compensation and / or scaling values. The WTRU can use the corresponding values ​​to add, subtract, multiply, and / or divide with one or more configured, indicated, and / or determined parameters.

[0255] At least one of the following example conditions may apply (ab): a) Prioritize cells with energy harvesting sequences: For example, the WTRU may determine that the energy storage status measured and / or determined by the WTRU is lower than the configuration and / or received energy storage threshold of the first cell (a1-a2).

[0256] a1) If the first cell is of type 1, the WTRU can determine new quality parameters for the first cell. In one example, the WTRU can determine the new quality parameters by adding the first configuration and / or the received scaling value or quality difference value to the measured quality parameter (e.g., new quality parameter = measured quality parameter + first scaling value). For example, the WTRU determines the new RSRP value based on adding the scaling value of the first configuration (e.g., RSRP increment) to the measured RSRP.

[0257] a2) If the first cell is of type 2, the WTRU can determine that the quality parameters of the first cell are the same as the measured quality parameters. In other words, the WTRU can determine that the scaling value of the first cell should not be used.

[0258] b) Prioritize cells without energy harvesting sequences: For example, the WTRU can determine that the energy storage status measured and / or determined by the WTRU is higher than the configuration and / or received energy storage threshold (b1-b2) of the second cell.

[0259] b1) If the second cell is of type 1, the WTRU determines that the quality parameters of the second cell can be the same as the measured quality parameters. In other words, the WTRU determines that the scaling value should not be used for the second cell.

[0260] (b2) If the second cell is of type two, the WTRU determines new quality parameters for the second cell. In one example, the WTRU determines the new quality parameters by adding the second configuration and / or the received scaling value or quality difference value to the measured quality parameter (e.g., new quality parameter = measured quality parameter + second scaling value). For example, the WTRU determines the new RSRP value based on adding the scaling value of the second configuration (e.g., RSRP increment) to the measured RSRP.

[0261] WTRU can apply compensation and / or scaling before or after cell sequencing, where one or more of the following example options may be applicable: Example option 1: First, cell sorting, then compensation and scaling.

[0262] For example, a WTRU could first perform cell ranking on all candidate cells, and then apply compensation and scaling values ​​only to the best cell with the highest cell ranking. In this way, the WTRU can select the best cell after applying the compensation and / or scaling values.

[0263] a) Individual Cell Ranking. In one solution, the WTRU can perform individual cell ranking procedures for candidate cells based on their respective cell types. In one example, the WTRU can perform a first cell ranking for all candidate cells with a first cell type and a second cell ranking for all candidate cells with a second cell type. For each cell ranking procedure for each cell type, the WTRU can determine the cell with the highest ranking. In this way, the WTRU can determine the best (e.g., two) candidate cells, one with the first cell type and one with the second cell type.

[0264] b) Joint Cell Ranking. Alternatively, in another solution, the WTRU can jointly perform cell ranking on all candidate cells, even though their cell types are different. The WTRU can then determine the best (e.g., two) candidate cells with the highest ranking based on their respective cell types. In one example, the WTRU can select the first cell as the highest-ranked cell based on the joint cell ranking, and the WTRU determines the cell type of the first cell. If the cell type of the first cell is the first cell type, the WTRU determines the second cell as the highest-ranked second-type cell among all other cells of the second type based on the joint cell ranking. Alternatively, if the cell type of the first cell is the second cell type, the WTRU determines the second cell as the highest-ranked first-type cell among all other cells of the first cell type based on the joint cell ranking.

[0265] After determining the two best candidate cells based on cell type, the WTRU can perform one or more compensations and / or scaling on the determined candidate cells, where scaling can be based on one or more parameters. After performing compensations and / or scaling, the WTRU can select the best cell from the determined candidate cells (e.g., the two).

[0266] Example option 2: First is compensation and scaling, then cell sorting.

[0267] For example, the WTRU can first apply configured and / or determined compensation and / or scaling to the quality parameters of all candidate cells. Then, the WTRU can perform cell ranking on all compensated or scaled candidate cells. In this way, the WTRU can select the best cell with the highest cell ranking.

[0268] After the WTRU selects the best cell, it can initiate a connection to that cell. In one example, the WTRU can send a PRACH preamble or MsgA to the selected cell. The WTRU then monitors received RAR and continues the initial access procedure. After connecting to the selected cell, the WTRU monitors LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resources of the selected cell. When the WTRU receives LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resources, it monitors the PDCCH associated with paging.

[0269] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a method for biased LP-WUS monitoring based on cell type and WTRU type, according to one embodiment.

[0270] In 800, the method may include: for a WTRU in a network implementing the method, receiving a cell configuration from the network, indicating a cell type for each cell in the cell configuration, the cell type including an indication of whether the cell transmits an energy harvesting sequence in addition to transmitting a low-power synchronization signal LP-SS; In 801, depending on whether the WTRU is a WTRU type having at least one of energy harvesting and energy storage capabilities, the method may include measuring the LP-SS of a cell having a first cell type and / or the LP-SS of a cell having a second cell type; In 803, the method may include: determining the quality of the cell in the cell configuration for the WTRU based at least on the WTRU type, cell type, measured LP-SS, and WTRU energy storage status (if the WTRU is a first WTRU type); In 804, the method may include: selecting LP-WUS resources associated with the cell in the cell configuration based on the determined quality of the cell; In 805, the method may include monitoring the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource when the WTRU receives the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource, and monitoring the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

[0271] According to one embodiment of the method, the cell configuration may further indicate: for each cell configuration (i.e., for each cell configuration), the cell identifier may be a physical cell identifier or a logical cell identifier.

[0272] According to one embodiment, the cell configuration may further indicate, for example, at least one of the following LP-WUS resource configurations for each cell configuration: Configuration of the signal structure of LP-WUS resources; Configuring the waveforms of LP-WUS resources; The monitoring type configuration includes continuous monitoring and duty cycle monitoring. Configuration of frequency resources for receiving LP-WUS resources; and Configuration of time resources used to receive LP-WUS resources.

[0273] According to one embodiment of the method, the cell type may include a first cell type indicating that the cell supports the transmission of LP-SS and energy harvesting sequences, and a second cell type indicating that the cell supports the transmission of LP-SS but does not support the transmission of energy harvesting sequences.

[0274] According to one embodiment of the method, the WTRU type may include a first WTRU type indicating a WTRU that supports energy harvesting and energy storage, a second WTRU type indicating a WTRU that does not support energy harvesting but supports energy storage, and a third WTRU type indicating a WTRU that supports energy harvesting but does not support energy storage.

[0275] According to one embodiment, the method may include transmitting the WTRU type of the WTRU to the network, as a capability for WTRU selection against a cell.

[0276] According to one embodiment, if the WTRU is a first WTRU type, the WTRU can receive associated configuration based on the WTRU type from the network, which includes at least one of the following: One or more energy storage thresholds; and One or more quality differences, each of which is associated with one or more energy storage thresholds.

[0277] A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) in a network according to one embodiment is also disclosed. The WTRU includes at least one processor that can be configured to: Receive cell configuration from the network, the cell configuration can indicate the cell type for (some, each) cells in the cell configuration, the cell type including whether the cell transmits energy harvesting sequences in addition to transmitting low-power synchronization signals LP-SS; Based on whether the WTRU is a WTRU type with at least one of energy harvesting and energy storage capabilities, the LP-SS of a cell with a first cell type and / or the LP-SS of a cell with a second cell type are measured; The quality of the cells in the cell configuration is determined for the WTRU based at least on the WTRU type, the cell type, the measured LP-SS, and the WTRU energy storage status (if the WTRU is a first WTRU type); Based on the determined quality of the cell, select the LP-WUS resources associated with the cell in the cell configuration; When the WTRU receives an LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource, it monitors the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource and monitors the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

[0278] According to one embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to receive a cell identifier for each cell in the cell configuration, the cell identifier being a physical cell identifier or a logical cell identifier.

[0279] According to one embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to receive at least one of the following LP-WUS resource configurations in the cell configuration (e.g., each or some) of the cell configurations: The configuration of the signal structure of the LP-WUS resource; The waveform configuration of the LP-WUS resource; The monitoring type configuration includes continuous monitoring type and duty cycle monitoring type; Configuration of frequency resources for receiving LP-WUS resources; and Configuration of time resources used to receive LP-WUS resources.

[0280] According to one embodiment of WTRU, the cell type may include a first cell type indicating that the cell supports transmitting LP-SS and energy harvesting sequences, and a second cell type indicating that the cell supports transmitting LP-SS but does not support transmitting energy harvesting sequences.

[0281] According to one embodiment of WTRU, the WTRU type may include a first WTRU type indicating WTRUs that support energy harvesting and energy storage, a second WTRU type indicating WTRUs that do not support energy harvesting but support energy storage, and a third WTRU type indicating WTRUs that support energy harvesting but do not support energy storage.

[0282] According to one embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the WTRU type of the WTRU to the network as a cell-specific capability of the WTRU.

[0283] According to one embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to: if the WTRU is a first WTRU type, receive from the network an association configuration based on the WTRU type, which includes at least one of the following: One or more energy storage thresholds; and One or more quality differences, each of which is associated with one or more energy storage thresholds.

[0284] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a method for LP-WUS monitoring by a WTRU in a network, according to another embodiment. The method includes: Receive (1000) cell configuration information from the network, the cell configuration information including an indication of the cell type for each of one or more cells in the cell configuration information, the cell type including: a first cell type that transmits a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) to transmit a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and the cell transmits an energy harvesting sequence (EHS) for the WTRU to harvest energy, and a second cell type that transmits LP-SS but does not transmit EHS; (1001) The WTRU with energy harvesting (EH) and energy storage (ES) capabilities determines the quality of the WTRU’s cell for each cell in the cell configuration information of the first cell type and the second cell type based on the quality of the LP-SS received from the cell, and when the cell is the second cell type, additionally adjusts the quality of the WTRU’s cell according to the ES state of the WTRU. Based on the quality of the cell, select (1002) the LP-WUS resources associated with the cell from the cell configuration information; and When the WTRU receives the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource, it monitors (1003) the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource and monitors the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

[0285] According to one embodiment, the quality of the LP-SS received from the cell is measured based on one or more of the following: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

[0286] According to one embodiment, the quality of a cell of the second cell type is adjusted such that when the ES state of the WTRU is lower than a configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is reduced to a quality lower than the measurement quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

[0287] According to one embodiment, when adjusting the quality of a cell of the second cell type, when the ES state is higher than a configured second ES threshold, thereby indicating that the ES is higher than the configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is increased to a higher quality than the measured quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

[0288] According to one embodiment, the cell configuration information further indicates, for each cell, at least one of the following LP-WUS resource configurations: The configuration of the signal structure of the LP-WUS resource; The waveform configuration of the LP-WUS resource; The monitoring type configuration includes continuous monitoring type and duty cycle monitoring type; Configuration of frequency resources for receiving the LP-WUS resources; and Configuration of time resources used to receive the LP-WUS resources.

[0289] According to one embodiment, the method includes transmitting WTRU types to the network as the WTRU's cell-specific selection capability, wherein the WTRU types include: a first WTRU type indicating that the WTRU supports EH and ES, a second WTRU type indicating that the WTRU does not support EH but supports ES, and a third WTRU type indicating that the WTRU supports EH but does not support ES.

[0290] According to one embodiment, the method includes receiving WTRU configuration information, the WTRU configuration information including at least one of the following: One or more ES thresholds; and One or more quality values, where each quality difference is associated with one or more energy storage thresholds.

[0291] A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) in a network is also disclosed and described, comprising at least one processor configured to: Cell configuration information is received from the network, the cell configuration information including an indication of a cell type for each of one or more cells in the cell configuration information, the cell type including: a first cell type that transmits a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) to transmit a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and the cell transmits an energy harvesting sequence (EHS) for the WTRU to harvest energy, and a second cell type that transmits LP-SS but does not transmit EHS; The WTRU with energy harvesting (EH) and energy storage (ES) capabilities determines the quality of the WTRU's cell for each cell in the cell configuration information of the first cell type and the second cell type based on the quality of the LP-SS received from the cell. When the cell is of the second cell type, the quality of the WTRU's cell is additionally adjusted according to the ES state of the WTRU. Based on the quality of the cell, select the LP-WUS resources associated with the cell from the cell configuration information; and When the WTRU receives the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource, it monitors the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource and monitors the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

[0292] According to one embodiment, the quality of the LP-SS received from the cell is measured based on one or more of the following: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

[0293] According to one embodiment, when adjusting the quality of a cell of the second cell type, if the ES state of the WTRU is lower than the configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is reduced to a lower quality than the measurement quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

[0294] According to one embodiment, when adjusting the quality of a cell of the second cell type, when the ES state is higher than a configured second ES threshold, thereby indicating that the ES is higher than the configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is increased to a higher quality than the measured quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

[0295] According to one embodiment, the cell configuration information further indicates, for each cell, at least one of the following LP-WUS resource configurations: The configuration of the signal structure of the LP-WUS resource; The waveform configuration of the LP-WUS resource; The monitoring type configuration includes continuous monitoring type and duty cycle monitoring type; Configuration of frequency resources for receiving the LP-WUS resources; and Configuration of time resources used to receive the LP-WUS resources.

[0296] According to one embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to transmit WTRU types to the network as a capability of the WTRU for cell selection, wherein the WTRU types include: a first WTRU type indicating that the WTRU supports EH and ES, a second WTRU type indicating that the WTRU does not support EH but supports ES, and a third WTRU type indicating that the WTRU supports EH but does not support ES.

[0297] According to one embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to receive WTRU configuration information, the WTRU configuration information including at least one of the following: One or more ES thresholds; and One or more quality values, where each quality difference is associated with one or more energy storage thresholds.

[0298] in conclusion.

[0299] Although features and elements have been provided above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element can be used alone or in combination with other features and elements. This disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, which are intended to illustrate various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. No element, action, or instruction used in the description of this application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless expressly provided so. Based on the foregoing description, functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, in addition to those methods and apparatuses listed herein. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. This disclosure is limited only by the terms of the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents thereof. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to specific methods or systems.

[0300] For simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are discussed in terms of the terminology and structure of devices with wireless communication capabilities (e.g., radio wave transmitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but can be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (such as sound waves).

[0301] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" can refer to any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or multiple images displayed on a time-based basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE," the term "remote," and / or the term "head-mounted display" and its abbreviation "HMD" can mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of several embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a device particularly configured with some or all of the constructs and functions of a WTRU and having wireless and / or wired capabilities (e.g., tetherable); (iv) a device configured with fewer than all the constructs and functions of a WTRU and having wireless and / or wired capabilities; or (iv) something like that. Figure 1A-1D Details of an example WTRU that can represent any WTRU described herein are provided. As another example, this document... The above text and The following textThe various embodiments disclosed herein are described as utilizing head-mounted displays. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than head-mounted displays can be used, and some or all of this disclosure and the various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without excessive experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adaptive, realistic experience.

[0302] Furthermore, the methods provided herein can be implemented in computer programs, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROMs and digital multifunction discs (DVDs). The processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0303] Variations of the methods, apparatus, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. Given the wide variety of embodiments that can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the appended claims. For example, embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that may include or be used with any suitable voltage source (such as a battery, etc.) providing any suitable voltage.

[0304] Furthermore, in the embodiments provided above, a processing platform, computing system, controller, and other devices, including a processor, are mentioned. These devices may include at least one central processing unit (“CPU”) and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to symbolic representations of actions and operations or instructions can be executed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be referred to as being “executed,” “computer-executed,” or “CPU-executed.”

[0305] Those skilled in the art will understand that the actions and symbols representing operations or instructions include the CPU's manipulation of electrical signals. Electrical systems represent data bits that can cause a final transformation or reduction of electrical signals, and data bits are maintained in memory locations within memory systems, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise altering the CPU's operation and other signal processing. The memory location maintaining the data bits is a physical location having specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to or representing the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the platforms or CPUs described above, and other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0306] Data bits can also be maintained on a computer-readable medium, including disks, optical disks, and any other CPU-readable volatile (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)) mass storage system. The computer-readable medium can include cooperative or interconnected computer-readable media that reside exclusively on the processing system or are distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems, which may be local or remote within the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-described memories, and other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0307] In the illustrative embodiments, any of the operations, processes, etc., described herein can be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. These computer-readable instructions can be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0308] There is little difference between the hardware and software implementations of the various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is often (but not always, as the choice between hardware and software may become important in certain contexts) a design choice representing a cost-efficiency trade-off. Various means can exist to implement the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred means can vary depending on the context of the deployment of the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are of paramount importance, the implementer may choose a primarily hardware and / or firmware approach. If flexibility is of paramount importance, the implementer may choose a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0309] The foregoing detailed description has illustrated various embodiments of the apparatus and / or processes using block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Within the scope of such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples encompassing one or more functions and / or operations, those skilled in the art will understand that each function and / or operation in such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by a wide variety of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein can be implemented via application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integration formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented, in whole or in part, equivalently in an integrated circuit, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing circuitry and / or writing code for software and / or firmware in accordance with this disclosure will be entirely within the skill of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as a program product in various forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable media, such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, digital magnetic tapes, computer memory, etc.; and transmission media, such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.).

[0310] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common practice in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein, and subsequently integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems using engineering practice. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system through a reasonable number of experiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system typically includes one or more of the following: a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, a processor such as a microprocessor and a digital signal processor, a computing entity such as an operating system, drivers, a graphical user interface and applications, one or more interactive devices such as a touchpad or screen, and / or a control system including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or speed, control motors for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system can be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those commonly found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0311] The topics described herein sometimes illustrate different components included within or connected to other components. It should be understood that the architectures depicted are merely examples, and many other architectures can indeed be implemented to achieve the same functionality. Conceptually, any arrangement of components that achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” to achieve the desired functionality. Therefore, any two components combined in this document to achieve a particular function can be considered “associated” with each other to achieve the desired functionality, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components. Similarly, any two components so associated can also be considered “operably connected” or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components that can be so associated can also be considered “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operational coupling include, but are not limited to, physically matable and / or physically interactive components and / or wirelessly interactive components and / or logically interactive components.

[0312] Regarding the use of virtually any plural and / or singular terms in this document, those skilled in the art may appropriately translate from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural depending on the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural arrangements may be explicitly described herein.

[0313] Those skilled in the art will understand that, generally, the terminology used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), is generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “at least having,” the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that if the intent is to describe a specific number of items in the appended claims, such intent will be explicitly detailed in the claims, and if no such description is provided, such intent does not exist. For example, the term “single” or similar language may be used where the intent is to describe only one item. To aid understanding, the appended claims and / or the description herein may include the use of introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce the description of the claims. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that a claim recitation introduced by the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim to include only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "an" or "a" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce a claim recitation. Furthermore, even if the specific number of recitations in an introduced claim is explicitly stated, those skilled in the art will recognize that such a statement should be interpreted as meaning at least the number of recitations (e.g., the simple statement "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in cases where conventions such as "at least one of A, B, and C" are used, generally, such a construction is intended to be based on the meaning of the convention as would be understood by a person skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In cases where conventions such as "at least one of A, B, or C" are used, generally, such a construction is intended to be based on the meaning of the convention as would be understood by a person skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that any transition words and / or phrases that actually represent two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to imply the possibility of including one, any, or both terms.For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibility of “A” or “B” or “A and B”. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “any one of…” following a list of multiple items and / or multiple item categories is intended to include, alone or in combination with other items and / or other item categories, “any one,” “any combination,” “any multiple,” and / or “any combination of multiples.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “quantity” is intended to include any number, including zero. And as used herein, the term “multiple” is intended to be synonymous with “multiple.”

[0314] Furthermore, in cases where features or aspects of this disclosure are described in accordance with the Markush Group, those skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure is therefore also described in accordance with any individual member of the Markush Group or a subgroup of its members.

[0315] As those skilled in the art will understand, for any and all purposes, such as for providing a written description, all scopes disclosed herein also include any and all possible subscopes and combinations thereof. Any listed scope can be readily considered sufficiently descriptive and makes it possible to decompose the same scope into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each scope discussed herein can be readily decomposed into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. Those skilled in the art will also understand that all language (such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” etc.) includes the stated numbers and refers to a scope that can subsequently be decomposed into subscopes as discussed above. Finally, as those skilled in the art will understand, a scope includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 subscopes refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 subscopes. Similarly, a group having 1-5 subscopes refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 subscopes, and so on.

[0316] Furthermore, the claims should not be construed as being limited to the provided order or elements unless expressly stated otherwise. Additionally, the use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to refer to... The claim format is either device plus function, and any claim without the term "device for..." is not intended to be so.

Claims

1. A method for a wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) in a network, comprising: Cell configuration information is received from the network, the cell configuration information including an indication of the cell type for each of one or more cells in the cell configuration information, the cell type including: a first cell type that transmits a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) to transmit a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and the cell transmits an energy harvesting sequence (EHS) for the WTRU to harvest energy, and a second cell type that transmits LP-SS but does not transmit EHS; The WTRU with energy harvesting (EH) and energy storage (ES) capabilities determines the quality of the WTRU's cell for each cell in the cell configuration information of the first cell type and the second cell type based on the quality of the LP-SS received from the cell. When the cell is of the second cell type, the quality of the WTRU's cell is additionally adjusted according to the ES state of the WTRU. Based on the quality of the cell, select the LP-WUS resources associated with the cell from the cell configuration information; and When the WTRU receives the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource, it monitors the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource and monitors the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The quality of the LP-SS received from the cell is measured based on one or more of the following: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, When adjusting the quality of a cell of the second cell type, if the ES state of the WTRU is lower than the configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is reduced to a lower quality than the measurement quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, When adjusting the quality of a cell of the second cell type, when the ES state is higher than the configured second ES threshold, thereby indicating that the ES is higher than the configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is increased to a higher quality than the measured quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The cell configuration information further specifies, for each cell, at least one of the following LP-WUS resource configurations: The configuration of the signal structure of the LP-WUS resource; The waveform configuration of the LP-WUS resource; The monitoring type configuration includes continuous monitoring type and duty cycle monitoring type; Configuration of frequency resources for receiving the LP-WUS resources; as well as Configuration of time resources used to receive the LP-WUS resources.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising transmitting a WTRU type to the network as a capability of the WTRU to select cells, wherein the WTRU type includes: The first WTRU type indicates that the WTRU supports EH and ES, the second WTRU type indicates that the WTRU does not support EH but supports ES, and the third WTRU type indicates that the WTRU supports EH but does not support ES.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving WTRU configuration information, the WTRU configuration information comprising at least one of the following: One or more ES thresholds; and One or more quality values, where each quality difference is associated with one or more energy storage thresholds.

8. A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) in a network, comprising at least one processor, said at least one processor being configured to: Cell configuration information is received from the network, the cell configuration information including an indication of the cell type for each of one or more cells in the cell configuration information, the cell type including: A first cell type that transmits a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) to transmit a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and the cell transmits an energy harvesting sequence (EHS) for the WTRU to harvest energy, and a second cell type that transmits LP-SS but does not transmit EHS; The WTRU with energy harvesting (EH) and energy storage (ES) capabilities determines the quality of the WTRU's cell for each cell in the cell configuration information of the first cell type and the second cell type based on the quality of the LP-SS received from the cell. When the cell is of the second cell type, the quality of the WTRU's cell is additionally adjusted according to the ES state of the WTRU. Based on the quality of the cell, select the LP-WUS resources associated with the cell from the cell configuration information; as well as When the WTRU receives the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource, it monitors the LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resource and monitors the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

9. The WTRU according to claim 8, wherein, The quality of the LP-SS received from the cell is measured based on one or more of the following: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

10. The WTRU according to claim 8, wherein, When adjusting the quality of a cell of the second cell type, if the ES state of the WTRU is lower than the configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is reduced to a lower quality than the measurement quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

11. The WTRU according to claim 8, wherein, When adjusting the quality of a cell of the second cell type, when the ES state is higher than the configured second ES threshold, thereby indicating that the ES is higher than the configured ES threshold, the quality of the cell is increased to a higher quality than the measured quality of the LP-SS received from the cell.

12. The WTRU according to claim 8, wherein, The cell configuration information further specifies, for each cell, at least one of the following LP-WUS resource configurations: The configuration of the signal structure of the LP-WUS resource; The waveform configuration of the LP-WUS resource; The monitoring type configuration includes continuous monitoring type and duty cycle monitoring type; Configuration of frequency resources for receiving the LP-WUS resources; as well as Configuration of time resources used to receive the LP-WUS resources.

13. The WTRU according to claim 12, wherein, The at least one processor is configured to transmit WTRU types to the network as the WTRU's cell selection capability, wherein the WTRU types include: a first WTRU type indicating that the WTRU supports EH and ES, a second WTRU type indicating that the WTRU does not support EH but supports ES, and a third WTRU type indicating that the WTRU supports EH but does not support ES.

14. The WTRU according to claim 8, wherein, The at least one processor is configured to receive WTRU configuration information, the WTRU configuration information including at least one of the following: One or more ES thresholds; as well as One or more quality values, where each quality difference is associated with one or more energy storage thresholds.

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