A truss ventilator

Abstract

The application discloses a truss type ventilator, which comprises a load-bearing ventilation structure and a waterproof enclosure structure, the load-bearing ventilation structure is directly assembled on the top of a roof beam and is fixedly connected with the roof beam, a prefabricated modular truss assembly is installed on the top of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and the waterproof enclosure structure covers the outer side of the load-bearing ventilation structure; the prefabricated modular truss assembly is composed of a plurality of truss units and support units arranged alternately; a water collecting tank is fixedly arranged between intersecting web members of the prefabricated modular truss assembly, the water collecting tank is distributed at intervals along the length direction of the ventilator, the inside of the load-bearing ventilation structure is divided into a plurality of independent and through ventilation channels, and an open straight-through ventilation layout is formed. The prefabricated modular truss assembly is adopted as the load-bearing ventilation structure, the base is cancelled, the load-bearing ventilation structure is directly assembled on the top of the roof beam and is fixedly connected with the roof beam, and compared with the traditional H-shaped steel and square tube keel field connection which needs more welding and is inconvenient to install, the application is convenient to install.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of truss ventilators. More specifically, this invention relates to a truss ventilator that is directly mounted on the top of a roof beam. Background Technology

[0002] In steel structure buildings, roof ventilators are crucial components for ensuring indoor air circulation and improving the indoor environment. Their applications are widespread, encompassing various steel structure buildings such as industrial plants and warehouses. Current roof ventilator solutions generally employ a structure where ventilator supports are installed on roof beams, and the ventilator frame is then supported on these supports. The ventilator frame needs to be fabricated using H-beams or square tubing depending on the roof span. This approach typically requires significant on-site welding, resulting in low installation efficiency. Furthermore, existing streamlined ventilators generally have relatively low air exchange efficiency, failing to meet the demands of large-space buildings for rapid ventilation and efficient air exchange. The main reason for this is the inadequate design of the internal airflow channels in streamlined ventilators. Airflow within these channels is prone to turbulence and high resistance, limiting airflow speed and hindering rapid indoor-outdoor air exchange. In addition, the on-site installation of existing ventilator keels involves many welding processes. Welding not only requires high professional skills from construction workers, but also requires subsequent processes such as weld treatment and rust prevention on-site. This not only prolongs the construction period and reduces installation efficiency, but is also greatly affected by the on-site construction environment, making it difficult to guarantee weld quality and prone to welding defects, which affects the overall structural stability of the ventilator. In addressing these issues, the industry has faced numerous challenges. Simply reducing the cross-sectional size of the keel to reduce the ventilator's weight can lead to insufficient load-bearing capacity, making it unable to withstand external forces such as wind and snow loads on the roof. Optimizing airflow channels to improve ventilation efficiency often conflicts with waterproofing design, increasing the risk of rainwater seepage into the room. Furthermore, ventilators undergo thermal expansion and contraction during temperature changes. Existing support structures are mostly rigid connections, unable to effectively compensate for this deformation. Long-term use can easily lead to structural cracking, seal failure, and leaks at self-tapping screw connections and waterproof sealant areas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the invention, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides a truss-type ventilator, comprising a load-bearing ventilation structure and an enclosing waterproof structure, wherein the load-bearing ventilation structure is directly assembled to the top of a roof beam and fixedly connected to the roof beam, the prefabricated modular truss assembly is installed on top of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and the enclosing waterproof structure covers the outside of the load-bearing ventilation structure to achieve rainproof, waterproof and sealing functions; The prefabricated modular truss assembly includes several truss units arranged horizontally and several support units arranged vertically. The truss units and support units intersect to form cross braces, and water collection troughs are fixedly installed between the cross braces. The water collection troughs are distributed at intervals along the length of the ventilator, dividing the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure into several independent and continuous ventilation ducts, forming an open and straight ventilation layout.

[0004] Preferably, the enclosure waterproof structure includes a waterproof liner, a V-shaped rain shield, and a flashing; the waterproof liner covers the upper top surface and both sides of the load-bearing ventilation structure; the V-shaped rain shield is fixed to the nodes of the cross braces; the flashing is set at both ends of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and the flashing is sealed to the prefabricated modular truss assembly and the roof structure.

[0005] Preferably, the plurality of ventilation ducts are evenly arranged along the length of the ventilator, and the spacing between adjacent ventilation ducts is adapted to the unit module of the prefabricated modular truss assembly.

[0006] Preferably, the water collection trough is made of metal in one piece, with its opening facing the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and a drainage channel at the bottom of the trough for collecting and draining infiltrated rainwater to prevent rainwater from entering the building interior.

[0007] Preferably, the width of a single ventilation duct is 500mm, and the air inlet end of the ventilation duct is provided with an arc-shaped gradually expanding guide shroud. The radius of curvature of the guide shroud is 300-500mm, and the inner wall of the guide shroud is provided with a nano-hydrophobic coating. The ventilation duct is provided with several guide vanes along the airflow direction. The guide vanes form an angle of 15°-25° with the side wall of the duct, and the vanes can rotate around their own axis to adjust the angle, with an adjustment range of 0°-45°.

[0008] Preferably, a sliding support is provided at the connection between the load-bearing ventilation structure and the roof beam. The sliding support includes an upper connecting plate, a lower bearing plate, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sliding plate, and a stainless steel pad. The upper connecting plate is a rectangular steel plate and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The lower bearing plate is fixed to the roof beam. The stainless steel pad is fixed to the surface of the lower bearing plate and the surface is polished. The PTFE sliding plate is sandwiched between the lower surface of the upper connecting plate and the upper surface of the stainless steel pad. The upper connecting plate drives the PTFE sliding plate to slide relative to the stainless steel pad along the length of the roof beam to compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the ventilator caused by temperature changes.

[0009] Preferably, a vertical elastic compensation component is provided between the upper connecting plate and the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The vertical elastic compensation component includes an upper pressure plate, a lower pressure plate, and a disc spring assembly sandwiched between the two. The upper pressure plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and the lower pressure plate is welded and fixed to the upper surface of the upper connecting plate. The disc spring assembly is composed of 4-6 stacked disc springs. An annular guide cylinder is provided on the opposite surfaces of the upper and lower pressure plates. The inner diameter of the annular guide cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the disc spring assembly to limit the lateral displacement of the disc spring assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the pre-tightening adjustment structure includes four adjusting bolts evenly distributed along the circumference of the lower bearing plate. The adjusting bolts are threadedly connected to the lower bearing plate and pass through the upper bearing plate at their upper ends. The initial compression of the disc spring assembly can be preset by rotating the adjusting bolts. The initial compression is set to 3-5 mm.

[0011] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention employs prefabricated modular truss components as the load-bearing ventilation structure, consisting of truss units and support units arranged in a regular alternation. Furthermore, it eliminates the base, directly assembling onto the top of the roof beam and fixing it to it. Compared to traditional H-beams and square tube keels, this significantly reduces the overall weight while maintaining load-bearing strength, alleviating the load on the roof beam and reducing transportation and hoisting difficulties and costs. Moreover, this application designs the water collection trough and ventilation duct into an open, direct ventilation layout. Combined with the arc-shaped, gradually expanding guide hood and internal guide vanes at the air inlet of the ventilation duct, it effectively optimizes the airflow path, reduces eddies and airflow resistance, significantly improves ventilation efficiency, and meets the ventilation needs of large-space buildings. The angle of the guide vanes is adjustable, allowing for flexible adaptation to different ventilation volume requirements. In addition, the waterproof enclosure structure and water collection trough work synergistically. The water collection trough collects infiltrated rainwater and discharges it through drainage channels. The waterproof membrane, V-shaped rain shield, and flashing form multiple waterproof barriers, significantly improving overall waterproof sealing performance and preventing rainwater intrusion into the interior. Finally, the combination of the sliding support and the vertical elastic compensation component in this invention can effectively compensate for thermal expansion and contraction deformation caused by temperature changes. At the same time, the initial elastic force of the disc spring group is precisely preset through the pre-tightening adjustment structure, which buffers roof vibration and external impact, prevents structural cracking, sealing failure, and the risk of leakage at self-tapping screw connections and waterproof sealant positions, and extends the service life of the ventilator.

[0012] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the truss-type ventilator of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a prefabricated modular truss assembly.

[0015] Figure 3 A structural diagram of the waterproof enclosure structure.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding support.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical elastic compensation component. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0019] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0020] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0022] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a truss-type ventilator, including a load-bearing ventilation structure and an enclosure waterproof structure. The load-bearing ventilation structure M1 is directly assembled on the top of the roof beam M3 and fixedly connected to the roof beam. The prefabricated modular truss assembly is installed on the top of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The enclosure waterproof structure covers the outside of the load-bearing ventilation structure to achieve rainproof, waterproof and sealing functions. The prefabricated modular truss assembly includes several truss units 1 arranged laterally and several support units 2 arranged longitudinally; the truss units 1 and support units 2 partially intersect to form cross braces, and water collection troughs 3 are fixedly installed between the cross braces. The water collection troughs 3 are distributed at intervals along the length of the ventilator, dividing the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure into several independent and continuous ventilation ducts 4, forming an open and straight ventilation layout.

[0023] The load-bearing ventilation structure refers to the main frame structure that combines structural load-bearing capacity and ventilation channel function, used to bear the weight of itself and the enclosing waterproof structure and provide a flow path for airflow; the enclosing waterproof structure refers to the structural assembly that covers the outside of the load-bearing ventilation structure, used to block rainwater intrusion, achieve sealing protection, and help maintain the ventilation environment; the prefabricated modular truss assembly refers to a truss unit assembly that is prefabricated in the factory and can be quickly assembled on site, including several truss units 1 arranged laterally and several support units 2 arranged longitudinally; the truss units are arranged laterally, and several support units are arranged longitudinally between two adjacent rows of truss units, and the connection between the truss unit 1 and the support unit 2 is fixed by welding, and the weld is treated with rust prevention. Among them, truss unit 1 is the main horizontal load-bearing component, and support unit 2 is the longitudinal connecting and auxiliary load-bearing component; the water collection trough 3 is evenly distributed along the length of the ventilator, and the interval distance is set according to the overall length of the ventilator and the ventilation requirements, generally controlled between 1.5 meters and 2.5 meters. It is a trough structure used to collect rainwater that seeps into the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure. Through the dividing effect of the water collection trough 3, the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure is divided into several independent and continuous ventilation ducts 4, forming an open and direct ventilation layout. In this embodiment, during operation, outside air enters the ventilation duct 4 under the influence of air pressure difference and flows directly into the building interior along the through-type duct. Simultaneously, stale indoor air is discharged along the duct, achieving rapid air circulation between indoors and outdoors. The open, direct-flow layout effectively reduces airflow resistance and improves ventilation efficiency. The load-bearing ventilation structure, through its fixed connection with the roof beams, evenly transfers its own weight and that of the enclosing waterproof structure to the roof beams, ensuring overall structural stability and reducing its own weight. The water collection trough 3 simultaneously plays a water collection role during ventilation. When a small amount of rainwater seeps into the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure, it falls into the water collection trough 3, preventing further diffusion of rainwater into the ventilation duct 4 or the building interior. The use of prefabricated modular truss components allows for rapid on-site assembly, shortening the construction cycle. Furthermore, the truss structure formed by the alternating arrangement of truss units 1 and support units 2 possesses both high load-bearing strength and structural stability, adapting to the roof's load requirements. In the alternative, the bolted connections facilitate the replacement of damaged parts later, and the adjustable water collection trough 3 intervals can be adapted to roofs of different spans, improving the versatility of the device.

[0024] In one optional implementation, the enclosure waterproof structure may include a waterproof slab 5, a rain shield 6, and a flashing 7; the waterproof slab 5 covers the upper top surface and both sides of the load-bearing ventilation structure respectively; the rain shield 6 is fixed to the nodes of the cross braces; the flashing 7 is disposed at both ends of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and the flashing 7 is sealed to the prefabricated modular truss assembly and the roof structure respectively.

[0025] In the above implementation scheme, the waterproof membrane 5 covers the top and facade of the load-bearing ventilation structure, forming the first waterproof barrier and preventing most rainwater from directly contacting the truss main body. When encountering oblique rainwater, the V-shaped rain shield uses its V-shaped structure to guide the rainwater to both sides, preventing rainwater from seeping into the ventilation duct 4 from the intersection of the web members. At the same time, the V-shaped structure reduces obstruction to airflow and does not affect ventilation efficiency. The flashing 7 fills the gap between the end of the load-bearing ventilation structure and the roof structure, preventing rainwater from entering from the end gap, and at the same time achieving a seal between the structures to prevent airflow leakage. The three work together to effectively achieve the functions of rain protection, waterproofing, and sealing, ensuring that the ventilator can still work normally in rainy weather and preventing rainwater from entering the building interior.

[0026] In one alternative implementation, the plurality of ventilation ducts 4 are arranged uniformly along the length of the ventilator, and the spacing between adjacent ventilation ducts 4 is adapted to the unit module of the prefabricated modular truss assembly.

[0027] In this embodiment, several ventilation ducts 4 are evenly arranged along the length of the ventilator. Specifically, the spacing between adjacent ventilation ducts 4 is determined based on the unit module of the prefabricated modular truss assembly, ensuring the spacing matches the unit module. The unit module of the prefabricated modular truss assembly is set to 1000 mm, and the corresponding spacing between adjacent ventilation ducts 4 is also set to 1000 mm. The width of each ventilation duct 4 is adjusted according to the unit module and the width of the water collection trough 3 to ensure the effective ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation duct 4 meets design requirements. During assembly, the installation position of the water collection trough 3 is first marked on the prefabricated modular truss assembly according to the unit module, ensuring that the installation spacing of the water collection trough 3 strictly corresponds to the unit module, thus ensuring the even arrangement of the ventilation ducts 4. During operation, the evenly arranged ventilation ducts 4 allow outside air to enter the building interior uniformly, avoiding insufficient ventilation in local areas or excessive airflow concentration, and improving the uniformity of indoor ventilation. Because the spacing between adjacent ventilation ducts 4 is compatible with the unit module of the prefabricated modular truss components, the installation positions for the water collection troughs 3 can be directly fabricated according to the unit module during factory prefabrication. No additional adjustments are needed during on-site assembly, significantly improving assembly accuracy and construction efficiency. This also makes the overall structure more regular, with more uniform stress distribution, enhancing the stability of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The evenly distributed ventilation ducts 4 also ensure uniform resistance distribution during airflow, reducing airflow turbulence and further improving ventilation efficiency.

[0028] In one alternative implementation, the truss unit 1 and the support unit 2 are arranged in a regular alternation on the plane to form a continuous load-bearing and ventilated main structure.

[0029] In the above implementation scheme, truss unit 1, as the main load-bearing component, transfers the load of itself and the superstructure to the roof beams. Support unit 2 connects adjacent truss units 1, forming a unified load-bearing system from the dispersed truss units 1, and also assists in bearing part of the load, enhancing the overall stability of the structure. The regular alternating arrangement ensures that the load is evenly distributed across the entire load-bearing ventilation structure, avoiding localized stress concentration that could lead to structural damage. Simultaneously, the formed continuous frame provides a stable foundation for the ventilation duct 4, ensuring the integrity of the ventilation channel. The truss unit 1 and support unit 2, fabricated from structural steel, possess both high strength and rigidity, capable of withstanding wind loads, snow loads, and their own weight requirements from the roof.

[0030] In one optional implementation, the water collection tank 3 is integrally formed of metal, with its opening facing the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and a drainage channel at the bottom of the tank for collecting and draining infiltrated rainwater to prevent rainwater from entering the building interior.

[0031] In the above implementation scheme, the opening of the water collection trough 3 faces the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure, so that rainwater that has entered the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure can fall smoothly into the trough. The two sides of the trough extend outward by a certain distance, usually 50 mm, to form an overlapping edge. The overlapping edge is welded and fixed to the cross bracing. The weld is coated with sealant to prevent rainwater from leaking from the connection.

[0032] When a small amount of rainwater seeps into the load-bearing ventilation structure through gaps or nail holes in the waterproofing structure, the rainwater falls into the collection trough 3 under gravity because the opening of the trough faces inward, preventing further spread to the ventilation duct 4 or intrusion into the building interior. The collection trough 3 is manufactured using a one-piece molding process without seams, preventing leakage of collected rainwater. The collected rainwater is quickly discharged to the outside of the ventilator through the drainage channel at the bottom, ensuring no water accumulation in the collection trough 3. The sealed connection between the drainage channel and the waterproofing membrane 5 further blocks the infiltration path of rainwater, improving the overall waterproofing effect.

[0033] In one optional implementation, the width of a single ventilation duct 4 is 500 mm, and the air inlet end of the ventilation duct 4 is provided with an arc-shaped, gradually expanding guide shroud 8. The radius of curvature of the guide shroud 8 is 300-500 mm, and the inner wall of the guide shroud 8 is provided with a nano-hydrophobic coating. The ventilation duct 4 is provided with a plurality of guide blades 9 along the airflow direction inside. The guide blades 9 form an angle of 15°-25° with the side wall of the duct, and the blades can rotate around their own axis to adjust the angle, with an adjustment range of 0°-45°.

[0034] In the above implementation scheme, the arc-shaped gradually expanding guide hood 8 refers to a guide component with an arc-shaped cross-section and an opening that gradually expands from the outside to the inside, used to guide airflow into the ventilation duct 4; the guide blades 9 refer to the blade structure set inside the ventilation duct 4, used to guide the airflow direction and adjust the ventilation volume; during operation, outside air flows towards the air inlet of the ventilation duct 4 under the action of air pressure difference. The arc-shaped gradually expanding guide hood 8 can guide the airflow smoothly into the ventilation duct 4, reducing the vortex phenomenon at the airflow inlet, reducing ventilation resistance, improving ventilation efficiency, and the reasonable setting of the curvature radius makes the airflow transition smoother. The nano-hydrophobic coating on the inner wall of the guide hood 8 can allow rainwater to slide off quickly, preventing rainwater from adhering and seeping into the duct, while reducing the interference of rainwater on the airflow. The guide blades 9 inside the ventilation duct 4 can guide the airflow to flow in a preset direction, avoiding airflow turbulence, and the initial angle of 20 degrees can achieve the best ventilation efficiency. When the ventilation volume needs to be adjusted, the guide vane 9 is rotated to change the angle between the guide vane 9 and the duct sidewall. When the angle is adjusted to 0 degrees, the guide vane 9 is parallel to the duct sidewall, the ventilation resistance is minimal, and the ventilation volume is maximum. When the angle is adjusted to 45 degrees, the guide vane 9 has the strongest obstruction effect on the airflow, and the ventilation volume is minimum, thus achieving flexible adjustment of the ventilation volume.

[0035] In one optional embodiment, a sliding support 10 is provided at the connection between the load-bearing ventilation structure M1 and the roof beam M2. The sliding support 10 includes an upper connecting plate 10-1, a lower bearing plate 10-2, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sliding plate 10-3, and a stainless steel pad 10-4. The upper connecting plate 10-1 is a rectangular steel plate and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The lower bearing plate 10-2 is fixed to the roof beam. The stainless steel pad 10-4 is fixed to the surface of the lower bearing plate 10-2, and the surface is polished. The PTFE sliding plate 10-3 is sandwiched between the lower surface of the upper connecting plate 10-1 and the upper surface of the stainless steel pad 10-4. The upper connecting plate 10-1 drives the PTFE sliding plate 10-3 to slide relative to the stainless steel pad 10-4 along the length of the roof beam to compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the ventilator when the temperature changes.

[0036] In the above implementation scheme, during operation, the sliding support 10 first bears the weight of the load-bearing ventilation structure and the upper waterproof enclosure structure. The load is then transferred to the PTFE sliding plate 10-3 via the upper connecting plate 10-1, and then to the lower bearing plate 10-2 and the roof beam via the stainless steel pad 10-4, ensuring stable load transfer. When the ambient temperature rises, the ventilator expands due to heat. At this time, the upper connecting plate 10-1 drives the PTFE sliding plate 10-3 to slide relative to the stainless steel pad 10-4 along the length of the roof beam to one side. When the ambient temperature decreases, the ventilator contracts, and the upper connecting plate 10-1 drives the PTFE sliding plate 10-3 to slide to the other side. The cooperation between the PTFE sliding plate 10-3 and the polished stainless steel pad 10-4, along with the use of silicone grease lubricant, significantly reduces friction during sliding, ensuring smooth sliding and preventing stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction from acting on the structure, thus preventing cracking, deformation, and other damage.

[0037] In one optional embodiment, a vertical elastic compensation component is optionally provided between the upper connecting plate 10-1 and the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The vertical elastic compensation component includes an upper pressure plate 11-1, a lower pressure plate 11-2, and a disc spring assembly 11-3 sandwiched between them. The upper pressure plate 11-1 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure M1, and the lower pressure plate 11-2 is welded to the upper surface of the upper connecting plate 10-1. The disc spring assembly 11-3... It is composed of 4-6 stacked disc springs; the upper pressure plate 11-1 and the lower pressure plate 11-2 are provided with an annular guide cylinder 11-4. The height of the annular guide cylinder 11-4 is less than the length of the disc spring assembly in the naturally stretched state, and the annular guide cylinder 11-4 is connected to the lower pressure plate. The disc spring assembly is also fixed to the lower pressure plate. The inner diameter of the annular guide cylinder 11-4 is larger than the outer diameter of the disc spring assembly 11-3, which is used to limit the lateral displacement of the disc spring assembly 11-3.

[0038] In the above implementation scheme, the vertical elastic compensation component can compensate for minor vertical deformations of the load-bearing ventilation structure, while absorbing the impact force from roof vibrations and wind loads. When the load-bearing ventilation structure is subjected to vertical loads or vibrations, the load is transferred to the upper bearing plate 11-1, compressing the disc spring assembly 11-3 to undergo elastic deformation. The elastic restoring action of the springs buffers the load and vibration, preventing the load from being directly transferred to the sliding support 10 and the roof beam, thus reducing the impact on the structure. The annular guide cylinder 11-4 can limit the lateral displacement of the disc spring assembly 11-3 during the deformation process, ensuring that the spring assembly always deforms vertically, avoiding jamming or failure of the spring assembly due to lateral displacement, and ensuring the stability of the elastic compensation function. The spring assembly composed of 5 stacked disc springs has a strong elastic load-bearing capacity, can adapt to the vertical load requirements of the ventilator, and has a good fatigue life, enabling long-term stable operation.

[0039] In one optional embodiment, the pre-tightening adjustment structure includes four adjusting bolts 12 evenly distributed circumferentially along the lower bearing plate 11-2. The adjusting bolts 12 are threadedly connected to the lower bearing plate 11-2, and their upper ends penetrate the upper bearing plate 11-1, but the two are not connected. The adjusting bolts 12 can freely enter and exit the through holes of the upper bearing plate. By rotating the adjusting bolts 12, the initial compression of the disc spring assembly 11-3 can be preset, and the initial compression is set to 3-5mm.

[0040] Before operation, the initial compression of the disc spring assembly 11-3 is preset using the pre-tightening adjustment structure to ensure the spring assembly is in a pre-tightened state and possesses appropriate initial elastic force. When the adjusting bolt 12 is rotated, since the bolt is threadedly connected to the lower bearing plate 11-2, the bolt will move axially, causing the upper nut and upper bearing plate 11-1 to move downwards, applying pressure to the disc spring assembly 11-3 and causing the spring assembly to compress and deform. When the deformation reaches the preset 4 mm, the adjustment bolt 12 is stopped, and the nut is locked to maintain the initial compression. During operation, the preset initial compression allows the disc spring assembly 11-3 to play an elastic buffering role when subjected to small loads, avoiding the situation where the spring assembly does not deform and cannot buffer due to excessively small loads. At the same time, the elastic stiffness of the spring assembly can be adjusted to adapt to different load requirements. The four evenly distributed adjusting bolts 12 ensure that the upper bearing plate 11-1 is subjected to uniform force, ensuring that the compression of the disc spring assembly 11-3 is consistent, avoiding excessive local compression that could lead to uneven force on the spring assembly and premature damage. In the alternative, different numbers and specifications of adjusting bolts 12 can be adapted to pressure plates of different sizes, different initial compression amounts can adjust the initial elastic force of the spring assembly, and locking nuts can improve the stability of the pre-tightening state, ensuring the long-term reliable operation of the pre-tightening adjustment structure.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A truss-type ventilator, characterized in that, It includes a load-bearing ventilation structure and an enclosure waterproof structure. The load-bearing ventilation structure is directly assembled on the top of the roof beam and fixedly connected to the roof beam. The enclosure waterproof structure covers the outside of the load-bearing ventilation structure to achieve rain protection, waterproofing and sealing functions. The prefabricated modular truss assembly is installed on the top of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The prefabricated modular truss assembly includes several truss units arranged laterally and several support units arranged longitudinally; the truss units and support units partially intersect to form cross braces, and water collection troughs are fixedly installed between the cross braces. The water collection troughs are distributed at intervals along the length of the ventilator, dividing the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure into several independent and continuous air exchange ducts, forming an open and straight ventilation layout.

2. The truss-type ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure waterproof structure includes a waterproof liner, a V-shaped rain shield, and a flashing; the waterproof liner covers the upper top surface and both sides of the load-bearing ventilation structure; the V-shaped rain shield is fixed to the nodes of the cross braces; the flashing is set at both ends of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and the flashing is sealed to the prefabricated modular truss components and the roof structure.

3. The truss-type ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of ventilation ducts are evenly arranged along the length of the ventilator, and the spacing between adjacent ventilation ducts is adapted to the unit module of the prefabricated modular truss assembly.

4. The truss-type ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection trough is made of one piece of metal, with its opening facing the interior of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The bottom of the trough is equipped with a drainage channel to collect and drain infiltrated rainwater, preventing rainwater from entering the building interior.

5. The truss-type ventilator according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each ventilation duct is 500mm wide. The air inlet end of the ventilation duct is equipped with an arc-shaped, gradually expanding guide shroud with a radius of curvature of 300-500mm. The inner wall of the guide shroud is coated with a nano-hydrophobic coating. Several guide vanes are provided inside the ventilation duct along the airflow direction. The guide vanes form an angle of 15°-25° with the side wall of the duct. The vanes can rotate around their own axis to adjust the angle, with an adjustment range of 0°-45°.

6. The truss-type ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sliding support is provided at the connection between the load-bearing ventilation structure and the roof beam. The sliding support includes an upper connecting plate, a lower bearing plate, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sliding plate, and a stainless steel pad. The upper connecting plate is a rectangular steel plate and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The lower bearing plate is fixed to the roof beam. The stainless steel pad is fixed to the surface of the lower bearing plate and the surface is polished. The PTFE sliding plate is sandwiched between the lower surface of the upper connecting plate and the upper surface of the stainless steel pad. The upper connecting plate drives the PTFE sliding plate to slide relative to the stainless steel pad along the length of the roof beam to compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the ventilator caused by temperature changes.

7. The truss-type ventilator according to claim 6, characterized in that, A vertical elastic compensation component is provided between the upper connecting plate and the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure. The vertical elastic compensation component includes an upper pressure plate, a lower pressure plate, and a disc spring assembly sandwiched between the two. The upper pressure plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing ventilation structure, and the lower pressure plate is welded and fixed to the upper surface of the upper connecting plate. The disc spring assembly is composed of 4-6 disc springs stacked together. An annular guide cylinder is provided on the opposite surfaces of the upper and lower pressure plates. The inner diameter of the annular guide cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the disc spring assembly, which is used to limit the lateral displacement of the disc spring assembly.

8. The truss-type ventilator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pre-tightening adjustment structure includes four adjusting bolts evenly distributed along the circumference of the lower bearing plate. The adjusting bolts are threaded to the lower bearing plate and pass through the upper bearing plate at their upper ends. The initial compression of the disc spring assembly can be preset by rotating the adjusting bolts. The initial compression is set to 3-5mm.

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