A high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device and method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device and method, relates to the technical field of wear detection, and comprises an operation table, the operation table is fixedly installed on the ground, the upper end of the working plate is provided with a positioning unit, the positioning unit can fix the to-be-detected disc on the working plate, the upper end of the working plate is provided with an adjusting unit, and the adjusting unit can control the test head to be clamped on the surface of the to-be-detected disc for detection. The center synchronous expansion type positioning unit is adopted, the problem that the existing brake disc detection clamp is mostly of the outer clamping type or the bolt fixing structure, the centering precision is low, the brake disc center mounting hole is easily damaged, and the adaptability is poor is solved, a plurality of expansion units can be synchronously expanded and contracted along the radial direction, automatic and accurate centering of the brake disc is realized, the elastic buffer structure composed of the extension plate and the spring can avoid scratching or deformation of the inner wall of the brake disc mounting hole caused by rigid clamping, and can adapt to the clamping requirements of high-speed train brake discs of different hole diameter specifications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wear detection technology, and in particular to a device and method for detecting wear defects in high-speed train brake discs. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of the high-speed train braking system, the wear and defects on the brake disc directly affect the train's braking performance and driving safety. According to railway maintenance standards, high-speed train brake discs must undergo regular offline inspections to accurately measure wear and identify defects such as cracks and dents. Unqualified brake discs must be replaced promptly to eliminate safety hazards.

[0003] In offline brake disc testing, the clamping and positioning of the brake disc is the primary factor determining testing accuracy. Only by precisely centering and fixing the brake disc can the accuracy and repeatability of the test data be guaranteed. Currently, the brake disc testing fixtures commonly used in the industry are mainly divided into two structures: external clamping and bolt-fixed. Both of these structures have significant technical defects in practical applications. External clamping fixtures achieve fixation by clamping the brake disc from its outer circumference. Their centering accuracy is highly susceptible to the machining errors of the brake disc's outer diameter, the manufacturing errors of the fixture itself, and the operator's clamping technique. It is difficult to guarantee that the rotation center of the brake disc is completely aligned with the rotation center of the testing device. Even a small eccentricity error can lead to significant deviations in the wear measurement results, and may even result in a qualified brake disc being mistakenly judged as scrap, causing unnecessary economic losses, or releasing an unqualified brake disc, leaving serious driving safety hazards. Bolted fixtures fix the brake disc to the testing table by passing bolts through the center mounting hole. This method is not only cumbersome and time-consuming to install and remove, severely impacting the efficiency of batch testing, but also the rigid contact between the bolt and the inner wall of the mounting hole is highly susceptible to scratches or damage. The center mounting hole of the brake disc is a critical mating surface for its connection to the axle; scratches and deformation of the inner wall directly affect the installation accuracy and operational stability of the brake disc, and may even lead to problems such as vibration and abnormal noise during operation, shortening the service life of the brake disc. Existing fixtures have extremely poor adaptability; the diameter of the center mounting hole varies among different models and specifications of high-speed train brake discs. External clamping fixtures have limited clamping range, and bolted fixtures have fixed bolt hole positions, neither of which can flexibly adapt to the clamping requirements of brake discs with different hole diameters. When testing brake discs of different specifications, it is necessary to frequently change the corresponding fixture, which not only increases the purchase cost of equipment but also significantly extends the changeover and debugging time of the production line, reducing the overall efficiency of the testing operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a device and method for detecting wear defects in high-speed train brake discs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device, including an operating table, wherein a working plate is fixedly installed on the ground on the operating table, a positioning unit is provided at the upper end of the working plate, the positioning unit can fix the disc to be tested on the working plate, and an adjustment unit is provided at the upper end of the working plate, the adjustment unit can control the test head to clamp on the surface of the disc to be tested for detection.

[0006] Preferably, the positioning unit includes a central shaft rotatably mounted on the upper end of the work plate, and the surface of the central shaft is provided with an expansion unit, wherein the expansion unit can be fixed in the central mounting hole of the disk to be tested.

[0007] Preferably, the expansion unit includes a vertical groove formed on the surface of the central shaft, an expansion arm slidably connected inside the vertical groove, two connecting holes formed on the inner wall of the vertical groove, the connecting holes connecting the central shaft cavity and the vertical groove, a rotating arm disposed inside the connecting holes, and an adjustment module disposed inside the central shaft cavity, the adjustment module driving the rotating arm to rotate and slide the expansion arm out of the vertical groove to support it in the central mounting hole of the disk to be tested.

[0008] Preferably, the adjustment module includes a lead screw rotatably installed inside the central shaft cavity. The two ends of the lead screw have opposite thread directions. A sliding plate is threaded onto the surface of the lead screw at a position opposite to the two opposite threads. The sliding plate and the rotating arm are hinged together. The rotating arm restricts the sliding plate to move only along the vertical groove direction and prevents it from rotating. By rotating the lead screw, the two sliding plates are driven to move synchronously closer or further away in the vertical direction to control the opening arm to fix the plate to be tested. A knob unit is provided at the upper end of the lead screw, wherein the knob unit can drive the lead screw to rotate.

[0009] Preferably, the knob unit includes a rotating base, which is fixed to a lead screw. The surface of the rotating base has a receiving groove, and a gear is rotatably installed inside the receiving groove. An extension arm is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear. The extension arm can be disposed inside the receiving groove and can be rotated to extend out of the receiving groove to increase the lever arm of the rotating base for easier driving of the lead screw. A locking unit is provided inside the rotating base to limit the rotation angle of the gear to fix the angle of the extension arm.

[0010] Preferably, the locking unit includes an opening slot on the upper end of the rotating seat, a triangular groove on the side of the opening slot, and a guide groove connecting the triangular groove and the receiving groove. A wedge is slidably connected inside the guide groove, and a spring is provided inside the triangular groove. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the opening slot, and a cap is threadedly fitted to the port of the opening slot. The cap and the spring slide, and the cap can be rotated to make the cap rotate threadedly in the opening slot to squeeze the spring and push the wedge. The wedge slides along the guide groove and abuts against the gear surface to limit the gear angle.

[0011] Preferably, a guide rod is fixedly connected inside the opening slot, and the guide rod is inserted into the bottom of the cap to restrict the cap.

[0012] Preferably, the surface of the spreading arm is provided with a rectangular groove, and an extension plate is fixedly connected inside the rectangular groove. One end of the extension plate is fixed to the rectangular groove, and a circular hole is provided inside the rectangular groove. A spring is fixedly connected inside the circular hole, and the other end of the spring is fixed to the free end of the extension plate. The spring force can be used to push the extension plate out of the rectangular groove. When the spreading arm is supported inside the test plate, the deformable compression spring of the extension plate can prevent damage to the inside of the test plate.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustment unit includes a transverse slide groove formed on the upper end of the work plate. A long rod is fixedly connected inside the transverse slide groove, and a sliding block is slidably fitted on the surface of the long rod. The sliding block can slide along the long rod inside the transverse slide groove. An adjustment motor is fixedly connected to the surface of the work plate. The adjustment motor can drive a threaded rod to rotate, and the threaded rod can drive the sliding block to slide in the transverse slide groove, thereby moving the position of the test head. The test head can detect surface defects of the disk to be tested. A drive unit is provided on the surface of the work plate. The drive unit includes an assembly frame, which is fixed to the work plate. A drive motor is installed at the upper end of the assembly frame. Pulleys are installed on the surfaces of the output shaft and the central shaft of the drive motor. The two pulleys are connected by a synchronous belt drive. The drive motor can be used to drive the central shaft to rotate, controlling the rotation of the disk to be tested below the test head to ensure uniform testing of the disk. Preferably, a method for detecting wear defects in high-speed train brake discs, using any one of the high-speed train brake disc wear defect detection devices, includes the following steps: S1. Power on the testing device and complete the system self-test. Perform precision calibration on the test head and clean the oil, iron filings and dust from the friction surface of the brake disc to be tested to avoid impurities interfering with the test results. S2. Align the center mounting hole of the brake disc to be tested with the central shaft and insert it. Rotate the extension arm to drive the lead screw to rotate, driving the two sliding plates to move in opposite directions synchronously. Through the rotation of the arm, the spreading arm slides out of the vertical groove, so that the extension plate elastically abuts against the inner wall of the center mounting hole of the brake disc under the elastic force of the spring, completing the centering and clamping of the brake disc. Then rotate the cap to push the wedge block to abut against the gear and lock the angle of the extension arm. S3. Start the adjustment motor, drive the threaded rod to move the sliding block laterally along the long rod, adjust the radial position of the test head so that the detection surface of the test head and the friction surface of the brake disc maintain a preset detection distance, set the speed parameters of the drive motor, and determine the rotation detection speed of the brake disc. S4. The drive motor drives the central shaft to rotate at a constant speed through the pulley and synchronous belt, which in turn drives the brake disc under test to rotate synchronously. The test head begins to collect the surface morphology, defects and wear data of the current radial position of the brake disc in real time, and records the corresponding circumferential angle of the data simultaneously. S5. After the brake disc rotates one revolution to complete the detection of the current radial position, adjust the motor to drive the test head to move radially by a preset step distance, and repeat the above rotation detection process until the full coverage scan of the entire friction surface of the brake disc is completed. S6. The detection system performs filtering and noise reduction, coordinate correction and three-dimensional reconstruction on the collected raw data to generate a three-dimensional morphology map, wear thickness distribution map and defect marking map of the brake disc friction surface; S7. The system compares the detection data with the technical standards of high-speed train brake discs, calculates the average wear, maximum wear and wear unevenness of the brake discs, identifies the location, size and depth of defects such as cracks, pits, scratches and hot cracks, and automatically determines whether the brake disc is qualified, needs repair or scrapped. S8. After the test is completed, unlock the locking unit, rotate the screw in the opposite direction to retract the spreading arm, remove the brake disc, clean the equipment and turn off the power.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, a central synchronous expansion positioning unit is adopted, which solves the problems of existing brake disc testing fixtures that mostly adopt external clamping or bolt fixing structures, resulting in low centering accuracy, easy damage to the center mounting hole of the brake disc, and poor adaptability. Multiple expansion units can extend and retract synchronously in the radial direction to achieve automatic and accurate centering of the brake disc. Combined with the elastic buffer structure composed of extension plate and spring, it can avoid scratches or deformation of the inner wall of the brake disc mounting hole caused by rigid clamping. At the same time, it can adapt to the clamping requirements of high-speed train brake discs with different hole diameters.

[0015] 2. In this invention, a knob unit structure with a foldable extension arm and wedge gear locking is adopted, which solves the problems of laborious operation and easy loosening after adjustment of existing manual adjustment fixtures. The extension arm can be rotated out to increase the rotation power arm, which greatly reduces the difficulty of rotating the lead screw. When not in use, it can be stored in the receiving slot to save space. The wedge gear locking structure can provide a stable and reliable locking force, effectively preventing the lead screw from loosening during the detection process, which would cause the brake disc to shift or fall off, thus ensuring the stability of the detection process.

[0016] 3. In this invention, a full friction surface scanning detection structure with brake disc rotation and test head radial stepping is adopted, which solves the problems of low efficiency, incomplete detection coverage, and large human error in existing detection methods, which are mostly manual point-by-point detection. The drive motor can drive the brake disc to rotate at a uniform speed, and the adjustment unit can drive the test head to step precisely in the radial direction, so as to achieve full coverage detection of the entire friction surface of the brake disc without dead angles, which greatly improves the detection efficiency and the accuracy of the detection results.

[0017] 4. In this invention, a modular and replaceable test head design is adopted, which solves the problem that the existing detection devices have a single function and cannot simultaneously meet the needs of wear measurement and defect detection. Laser displacement sensors, industrial machine vision detection heads, eddy current detection heads, ultrasonic detection heads or composite integrated test heads can be flexibly selected according to the detection requirements to realize wear measurement, appearance defect detection, near-surface micro-crack detection and internal defect detection respectively. There is no need to replace the entire detection device, which greatly improves the versatility and applicability of the device.

[0018] 5. This invention achieves semi-automation of brake disc defect wear detection, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of operators, avoids subjective errors in manual inspection, and allows for automatic storage and analysis of detection data. This facilitates the establishment of a health record for the entire life cycle of the brake disc, providing reliable data support for the safe operation and maintenance of the high-speed train braking system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device and method is provided for this invention. Figure 2 This invention provides a partial structural schematic diagram of the positioning unit in a high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device and method. Figure 3 This invention proposes a device and method for detecting defects and wear in high-speed train brake discs. Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram; Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the extension plate in the high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device and method proposed in this invention; Figure 5This invention provides a partial schematic diagram of the adjustment unit in a high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device and method. Figure 6 This invention provides a partial schematic diagram of the drive unit in a high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device and method. Figure 7 This invention proposes a device and method for detecting defects and wear in high-speed train brake discs. Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 8 This invention proposes a device and method for detecting defects and wear in high-speed train brake discs. Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B.

[0020] Legend: 1. Operating table; 2. Working plate; 3. Positioning unit; 31. Central shaft; 32. Vertical groove; 33. Connecting hole; 34. Lead screw; 35. Rotating seat; 36. Extension arm; 37. Gear; 38. Opening groove; 39. Guide rod; 310. Cap; 311. Triangular groove; 312. Guide groove; 313. Wedge; 314. Spring; 315. Receiving groove; 316. Spreading arm; 317. Rotating arm; 318. Rectangular groove; 319. Extension plate; 320. Round hole; 321. Spring; 322. Sliding piece; 4. Test plate; 5. Drive unit; 51. Pulley; 52. Synchronous belt; 53. Assembly frame; 54. Drive motor; 6. Adjustment unit; 61. Adjustment motor; 62. Horizontal slide; 63. Long rod; 64. Threaded rod; 65. Sliding block; 66. Test head. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figure 1-8As shown, this invention provides a device and method for detecting defects and wear on high-speed train brake discs. It includes an operating platform 1 vertically fixed to the ground, a working plate 2 horizontally fixed to the upper surface of the operating platform 1, and a positioning unit 3 vertically rotatably mounted at the center of the working plate 2. The positioning unit 3 can center and fix the disc 4 to be tested above the working plate 2 via a central expansion support. An adjustment unit 6 is arranged laterally on the upper surface of the working plate 2, and a test head 66 is mounted on the adjustment unit 6. The adjustment unit 6 can drive the test head 66 to reciprocate radially along the disc 4 to be tested, thereby coordinating with the rotation of the disc 4 to achieve defect and wear detection on the entire friction surface. The positioning unit 3 includes a central shaft 31 vertically rotatably mounted at the center of the working plate 2. Multiple sets of expansion support units are arranged circumferentially on the sidewalls of the central shaft 31. Each set of expansion support units can synchronously extend and retract radially along the central shaft 31, tightening the inner wall of the central mounting hole of the disc 4 to be tested. The expansion unit includes a vertical groove 32 axially formed on the side wall of the central axis 31. An expansion arm 316 is axially slidably mounted within the vertical groove 32. Two connecting holes 33 are formed on the inner wall of the vertical groove 32, communicating with the cavity of the central axis 31. A rotating arm 317 passes through the connecting holes 33. An adjustment module within the cavity of the central axis 31 can drive the rotating arm 317 to rotate around its own hinge axis, thereby pushing the expansion arm 316 to slide along the vertical groove 32 and extend radially. The adjustment module includes a lead screw 34 vertically rotatably mounted within the cavity of the central axis 31. The upper and lower threads of the lead screw 34 have opposite directions. Sliding pieces 322 are threaded onto the two opposing threads of the lead screw 34. The sliding pieces 322 are hinged to the inner ends of the corresponding rotating arms 317. Rotating the lead screw 34 can drive the two sliding pieces 322 to move synchronously closer or further away axially, thereby causing the expansion arm 316 to extend and retract via the rotating arm 317. A knob unit is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the lead screw 34 for manually driving the lead screw 34 to rotate. The knob unit includes a rotating seat 35 coaxially fixed to the upper end of the lead screw 34. The side wall of the rotating seat 35 is provided with a receiving groove 315 along the radial direction. A gear 37 is rotatably assembled in the receiving groove 315. An extension arm 36 is fixedly mounted on the end face of the gear 37. The extension arm 36 can be rotatably stored in the receiving groove 315 or can be rotatably extended out of the receiving groove 315 to increase the lever arm of the rotating seat 35. A locking unit is provided inside the rotating seat 35 to lock the rotation angle of the gear 37. The locking unit includes an opening slot 38 vertically formed on the upper surface of the rotating seat 35. A triangular groove 311 is formed on the side wall of the opening slot 38. The triangular groove 311 is connected to the receiving groove 315 via a guide groove 312. A wedge block 313 is slidably fitted within the guide groove 312. A spring piece 314 is provided within the triangular groove 311. One end of the spring piece 314 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the opening slot 38. A cap 310 is threaded onto the end of the opening slot 38. Rotating the cap 310 can compress the spring piece 314, causing it to push the wedge block 313 to slide along the guide groove 312, thus locking it against the tooth surface of the gear 37. A guide rod 39 is vertically fixed within the opening slot 38. The upper end of the guide rod 39 is inserted into the bottom of the cap 310 to limit the rotation trajectory of the cap 310.A rectangular groove 318 is formed on the outer end face of the extension arm 316. One end of the extension plate 319 is fixed to the inner wall of the rectangular groove 318. A circular hole 320 is formed on the inner bottom wall of the rectangular groove 318. A spring 321 is fixedly installed in the circular hole 320. The other end of the spring 321 is fixedly connected to the free end of the extension plate 319. The spring 321 can push the extension plate 319 out of the rectangular groove 318 and elastically abut against the inner wall of the center mounting hole of the receiving plate 4. The adjustment unit 6 includes a transverse slide groove 62 formed transversely along the working plate 2. A long rod 63 is fixedly installed transversely in the transverse slide groove 62. A sliding block 65 is slidably sleeved on the long rod 63. An adjustment motor 61 is fixedly installed on the end face of the working plate 2. A threaded rod 64 is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the adjustment motor 61. The threaded rod 64 is threadedly connected to the sliding block 65. The test head 66 is vertically fixed to the lower end face of the sliding block 65, and its detection surface faces the friction surface of the receiving plate 4. The lower end face of the work plate 2 is provided with a drive unit 5. The drive unit 5 includes an assembly frame 53 vertically fixed to the lower end face of the work plate 2. The upper end of the assembly frame 53 is fixed with a drive motor 54. The output shaft of the drive motor 54 and the lower end of the central shaft 31 are respectively coaxially fixed with pulleys 51. A synchronous belt 52 is sleeved between the two pulleys 51. The drive motor 54 can drive the central shaft 31 to rotate at a uniform speed through the pulleys 51 and the synchronous belt 52, thereby driving the test disc 4 to rotate synchronously.

[0022] Working principle: Before conducting defect and wear detection on high-speed train brake discs, the detection device is powered on and performs a system self-test. The test head 66 is calibrated for accuracy, and oil, iron filings, and dust on the friction surface of the brake disc to be tested are cleaned to avoid interference with the test results. The center mounting hole of the brake disc to be tested is aligned with the central shaft 31 and inserted. The extension arm 36 is rotated to extend it out of the receiving groove 315 to increase the lever arm of the rotating seat 35. Rotating the extension arm 36 drives the rotating seat 35 and the lead screw 34 to rotate synchronously. The lead screw 34 drives the upper and lower sliding plates 322 to move synchronously in opposite directions along the axial direction. The sliding plates 322 drive the rotating arm 317 to rotate around its own hinge axis, thereby pushing the spreading arm 316 to slide outward along the vertical groove 32. When the extension plate 319 contacts the inner wall of the center mounting hole of the brake disc, the extension plate 319 compresses the spring 321 and retracts into the rectangular groove 318, so that the extension plate 319 elastically abuts against the inner wall of the center mounting hole of the brake disc, realizing the automatic centering and clamping of the brake disc. Then, the cap 310 is rotated to move downward along the guide rod 39, squeezing the spring 314 to cause it to elastically deform. The spring 314 pushes the wedge 313 to slide along the guide groove 312, so that the inclined surface of the wedge 313 abuts against the tooth surface of the gear 37, locking the angle between the gear 37 and the extension arm 36, preventing the lead screw 34 from loosening during the test and causing the brake disc to fall off. The adjustment motor 61 is started, and the adjustment motor 61 drives the threaded rod 64 to rotate. The threaded rod 64 drives the sliding block 65 to slide laterally along the long rod 63, adjusting the radial position of the test head 66 so that the detection surface of the test head 66 maintains a preset detection distance with the friction surface of the brake disc. The speed parameters of the drive motor 54 are set to determine the rotation detection speed of the brake disc. The drive motor 54 is started, and through the pulley 51 and synchronous belt 52, the central shaft 31 rotates at a constant speed, thereby driving the brake disc under test to rotate synchronously. The test head 66 begins to collect surface morphology, defects, and wear data of the current radial position of the brake disc in real time, and records the corresponding circumferential angles. After the brake disc completes one rotation and completes the detection of the current radial position, the motor 61 drives the test head 66 to move radially by a preset step distance, repeating the above rotation detection process until the entire friction surface of the brake disc is fully scanned. The detection system filters and denoises the collected raw data, performs coordinate correction, and performs three-dimensional reconstruction to generate a three-dimensional morphology map, wear thickness distribution map, and defect marking map of the brake disc friction surface. The system compares the detection data with the technical standards of high-speed train brake discs, calculates the average wear, maximum wear, and wear unevenness of the brake disc, identifies the location, size, and depth of defects such as cracks, pits, scratches, and thermal cracks, and automatically determines whether the brake disc is qualified, needs repair, or is scrapped. After the test is completed, the cap 310 is rotated in the opposite direction to release the lock on the gear 37. The extension arm 36 is rotated in the opposite direction to drive the lead screw 34 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the two sliding plates 322 approach each other synchronously. The opening arm 316 is driven to retract into the vertical groove 32 by the rotating arm 317. The brake disc that has been tested is removed, the equipment is cleaned and the power is turned off.

[0023] The test head can use a laser displacement sensor, which adopts the laser triangulation principle to measure the height change of the brake disc surface with high precision, accurately obtain the wear thickness, wear unevenness, surface roughness and flatness parameters of the brake disc. Combined with the rotation scanning and radial stepping motion of this device, a three-dimensional morphological map of the brake disc friction surface can be generated.

[0024] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications to create equivalent embodiments applicable to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A device for detecting wear defects in high-speed train brake discs, characterized in that: The device includes an operating table (1) on which a work plate (2) is fixedly installed on the ground. A positioning unit (3) is provided at the upper end of the work plate (2). The positioning unit (3) can fix the disk (4) to be tested on the work plate (2). An adjustment unit (6) is provided at the upper end of the work plate (2). The adjustment unit (6) can control the test head (66) to be clamped on the surface of the disk (4) to be tested for testing.

2. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning unit (3) includes a central shaft (31) rotatably mounted on the upper end of the working plate (2). The surface of the central shaft (31) is provided with an expansion support unit, which can be fixed in the central mounting hole of the disk to be tested (4).

3. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expansion unit includes a vertical groove (32) formed on the surface of the central shaft (31). An expansion arm (316) is slidably connected inside the vertical groove (32). Two connecting holes (33) are formed on the inner wall of the vertical groove (32). The connecting holes (33) connect the cavity of the central shaft (31) and the vertical groove (32). A rotating arm (317) is provided inside the connecting holes (33). An adjustment module is provided inside the cavity of the central shaft (31). The adjustment module can drive the rotating arm (317) to rotate and slide the expansion arm (316) out of the vertical groove (32) to support it in the central mounting hole of the disk to be tested (4).

4. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment module includes a lead screw (34) rotatably installed inside the cavity of the central shaft (31). The two ends of the lead screw (34) have opposite thread directions. A sliding plate (322) is threaded on the surface of the lead screw (34) at a position opposite to the two opposite threads. The sliding plate (322) and the rotating arm (317) are hinged together. The rotating arm (317) restricts the sliding plate (322) to move only along the vertical groove (32) and prevents it from rotating. By rotating the lead screw (34), the two sliding plates (322) are driven to move closer or further away in the vertical direction to control the opening arm (316) to fix the test disk (4). A knob unit is provided at the upper end of the lead screw (34), which can drive the lead screw (34) to rotate.

5. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The knob unit includes a rotating seat (35), which is fixed to a lead screw (34). A receiving groove (315) is provided on the surface of the rotating seat (35). A gear (37) is rotatably installed inside the receiving groove (315). An extension arm (36) is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear (37). The extension arm (36) can be set inside the receiving groove (315). The extension arm (36) can be rotated to extend out of the receiving groove (315) to increase the lever arm of the rotating seat (35) to facilitate the rotation of the lead screw (34). A locking unit is provided inside the rotating seat (35). The locking unit can limit the rotation angle of the gear (37) to fix the angle of the extension arm (36).

6. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The locking unit includes an opening slot (38) on the upper end of the rotating seat (35), a triangular groove (311) on the side of the opening slot (38), the triangular groove (311) and the receiving groove (315) being connected by a guide groove (312), a wedge (313) being slidably connected inside the guide groove (312), and a spring piece (314) being provided inside the triangular groove (311), one end of the spring piece (314) being connected to the opening slot (38). The inner bottom wall is fixedly connected, and the port of the opening groove (38) is threaded with a cap (310). The cap (310) and the spring (314) slide. The cap (310) can be rotated in the opening groove (38) by rotating the cap (310) to squeeze the spring (314) and push the wedge (313). The wedge (313) slides along the guide groove (312) and abuts against the surface of the gear (37) to limit the angle of the gear (37).

7. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A guide rod (39) is fixedly connected inside the opening slot (38), and the guide rod (39) is inserted into the bottom of the cap (310) to restrict the cap (310).

8. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The surface of the spreading arm (316) is provided with a rectangular groove (318). An extension plate (319) is fixedly connected inside the rectangular groove (318). One end of the extension plate (319) is fixed to the rectangular groove (318). A round hole (320) is provided inside the rectangular groove (318). A spring (321) is fixedly connected inside the round hole (320). The other end of the spring (321) is fixed to the free end of the extension plate (319). The elastic force of the spring (321) can be used to push the extension plate (319) out of the rectangular groove (318). When the spreading arm (316) is supported inside the test plate (4), the deformable compression spring (321) of the extension plate (319) can be used to prevent damage to the inside of the test plate (4).

9. The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment unit (6) includes a transverse slide groove (62) opened on the upper end of the working plate (2). A long rod (63) is fixedly connected inside the transverse slide groove (62). A sliding block (65) is slidably fitted on the surface of the long rod (63). The sliding block (65) can slide along the long rod (63) inside the transverse slide groove (62). An adjustment motor (61) is fixedly connected to the surface of the working plate (2). The adjustment motor (61) can drive the threaded rod (64) to rotate. The threaded rod (64) can drive the sliding block (65) to slide in the transverse slide groove (62) and move the position of the test head (66). The test head (66) can detect surface defects of the disk (4) to be tested.

10. A method for detecting wear defects in high-speed train brake discs, characterized in that: The high-speed train brake disc defect wear detection device according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. Power on the testing device and complete the system self-test. Perform precision calibration on the test head (66). At the same time, clean the oil, iron filings and dust from the friction surface of the brake disc to be tested to avoid impurities interfering with the test results. S2. Align the center mounting hole of the brake disc to be tested with the central shaft (31) and insert it. Rotate the extension arm (36) to drive the lead screw (34) to rotate, and drive the two sliding plates (322) to move in opposite directions synchronously. Through the rotation arm (317), drive the spreading arm (316) to slide out of the vertical groove (32), so that the extension plate (319) elastically abuts against the inner wall of the center mounting hole of the brake disc under the elastic force of the spring (321), and complete the centering and clamping of the brake disc. Then rotate the cap (310) to push the wedge (313) to abut against the gear (37) and lock the angle of the extension arm (36). S3. Start the adjustment motor (61), drive the threaded rod (64) to drive the sliding block (65) to slide laterally along the long rod (63), adjust the radial position of the test head (66) so that the detection surface of the test head (66) and the friction surface of the brake disc maintain a preset detection distance, set the speed parameters of the drive motor (54), and determine the rotation detection speed of the brake disc. S4. The drive motor (54) drives the central shaft (31) to rotate at a constant speed through the pulley (51) and the synchronous belt (52), thereby driving the brake disc to be tested to rotate synchronously. The test head (66) begins to collect the surface morphology, defects and wear data of the current radial position of the brake disc in real time, and records the corresponding circumferential angle of the data synchronously. S5. After the brake disc rotates one revolution to complete the detection of the current radial position, adjust the motor (61) to drive the test head (66) to move radially by a preset step distance, repeat the above rotation detection process until the full coverage scan of the entire friction surface of the brake disc is completed. S6. The detection system performs filtering and noise reduction, coordinate correction and three-dimensional reconstruction on the collected raw data to generate a three-dimensional morphology map, wear thickness distribution map and defect marking map of the brake disc friction surface; S7. The system compares the detection data with the technical standards of high-speed train brake discs, calculates the average wear, maximum wear and wear unevenness of the brake discs, identifies the location, size and depth of defects such as cracks, pits, scratches and hot cracks, and automatically determines whether the brake disc is qualified, needs repair or scrapped. S8. After the test is completed, unlock the locking unit, rotate the screw (34) in the opposite direction to retract the spreading arm (316), remove the brake disc, clean the equipment and turn off the power.

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