Method and device for evaluating properties of an alloy steel, electronic device, medium

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of material performance detection, in particular to a performance evaluation method and device for alloy steel, an electronic device and a medium. The performance evaluation method for alloy steel needs to acquire alloy steel performance test requirements and steelmaking raw materials of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel; based on the alloy steel performance test requirements, a simulation piece design benchmark matched with the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined; alloy smelting is carried out on the steelmaking raw materials according to the simulation piece design benchmark, and a plurality of alloy steel simulation pieces are obtained; performance test is carried out based on the plurality of alloy steel simulation pieces, simulation piece test data are obtained; and performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel are determined according to the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation piece and the simulation piece test data. In this way, the scientificity, controllability and timeliness requirements for performance evaluation of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of material performance testing technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium for performance evaluation of alloy steel. Background Technology

[0002] Manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel (Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel) is a low-alloy structural steel formed by adding manganese, nickel, and molybdenum as the three main alloying elements to carbon steel. In the field of nuclear power equipment manufacturing, Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel, due to its combination of high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, has become a key structural material for core equipment such as reactor pressure vessels, main pump shells, and steam generators in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. However, during the manufacturing of large forgings, due to the solidification characteristics of steel ingots and the influence of forging process parameters, carbon elements are prone to non-uniform distribution on a macroscopic scale, i.e., carbon segregation. This carbon segregation leads to heterogeneity in the local microstructure of the forging, which in turn causes fluctuations in mechanical properties, posing potential hazards to the safe operation of nuclear power equipment.

[0003] Currently, the main method for assessing the impact of carbon segregation on the properties of large Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel forgings is the full-size forging test method. However, the current full-size forging test method has its limitations and cannot meet the scientific, controllable, and time-sensitive requirements for performance evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a performance evaluation method, apparatus, electronic equipment, and medium for alloy steel, which can meet the scientific, controllable, and timely requirements for performance evaluation of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel.

[0005] The performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to the first aspect of this application includes: To obtain the alloy steel performance testing requirements and steelmaking raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel; Based on the performance testing requirements of the alloy steel, a design benchmark for a simulated component matching the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel was determined. According to the design criteria of the simulated parts, alloy smelting is carried out on the steel raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulated parts; wherein, the carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts is different, and the alloy elements of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specifications. Performance tests were conducted on multiple alloy steel simulants to obtain simulant test data. Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant and the test data of the simulants, performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel are determined.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, the alloy smelting of the steel raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulation parts includes: The steelmaking raw materials are smelted to obtain multiple steel ingots with different carbon contents. Multiple steel ingots are forged using an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents. For each group of forged plates, post-forging heat treatment is performed according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain the alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates. Performance tests were conducted on the alloy steel simulation component to obtain performance evaluation results.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, before the forging process is performed on the plurality of steel ingots according to an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents, the method further includes: The actual forging process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined, and the actual forging process of the alloy steel is adjusted to determine the simulated forging process of the alloy steel. Before performing post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain the alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates, the method further includes: The actual heat treatment process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined, and the actual heat treatment process of the alloy steel is adjusted to determine the simulated heat treatment process of the alloy steel.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the forging process performed on multiple steel ingots using an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents includes: A high-speed forging machine that meets the preset tonnage conditions is identified as the forging equipment; The forging equipment is used to perform multiple upsetting and drawing operations on each steel ingot, so that each steel ingot undergoes a plastic deformation process. During the plastic deformation process of each steel ingot, the initial forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset initial forging temperature range by controlling the forging equipment, and the final forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset final forging temperature range. After each of the steel ingots undergoes a plastic deformation process, multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents are obtained; wherein, multiple sets of forged plates all conform to the design criteria of the simulated part.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the multi-pass upsetting and drawing operation of each steel ingot using the forging equipment includes: Carbon segregation assessment was performed on each of the steel ingots to determine the severely segregated areas corresponding to each steel ingot. The severely segregated regions corresponding to each of the steel ingots are removed to obtain forging billets; The forging equipment is used to perform multiple upsetting and drawing operations on each forging billet.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the post-forging heat treatment of each group of forged plates according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process includes: The forged plate is heated to an intermediate plateau temperature below the normalizing temperature range, and the forged plate is held at the intermediate plateau temperature for a first holding time. After the forged plate is held at the intermediate plateau temperature for a first holding time, the forged plate is heated to the normalizing temperature range, and the forged plate is held at the normalizing temperature range for a second holding time. After the forged plate is held at the normalizing temperature range for a second holding time, the forged plate is placed in air to cool in order to perform the normalizing operation. After normalizing the forged plate, the forged plate is heated to the tempering temperature range and held at the tempering temperature range for a third holding time. After the forged plate is held at the tempering temperature range for a third holding time, the forged plate is placed in air to recool.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the step of performing post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates according to an alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates includes: For each group of forged plates, post-forging heat treatment is performed according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain intermediate simulated parts. The intermediate simulation part is subjected to segmented heat treatment with heat preservation to simulate post-weld heat treatment, thereby obtaining the alloy steel simulation part.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the step of performing segmented heat treatment with heat preservation to simulate post-weld welding on the intermediate simulated part to obtain the alloy steel simulated part includes: Obtain the heating rate change threshold, the cooling rate change threshold, the first heating rate, the second heating rate, the first cooling rate, and the second cooling rate; The intermediate simulation component is heated based on the first heating rate. In response to the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaching the heating rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation component is heated based on the second heating rate until the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaches a preset first heating plateau range, so that the intermediate simulation component is kept at the first heating plateau range for a first segmented holding time. After the intermediate simulation part is kept at the first heating platform range for a first segmented holding time, the forged plate is heated to the second heating platform range, and the intermediate simulation part is kept at the second heating platform range for a second segmented holding time. After the intermediate simulation part is kept at the second heating platform range for a second segmented holding time, the intermediate simulation part is cooled based on the second cooling rate. In response to the temperature of the intermediate simulation part reaching the cooling rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation part is further cooled based on the first cooling rate to obtain the alloy steel simulation part.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, obtaining the heating rate change threshold, the cooling rate change threshold, the first heating rate, the second heating rate, the first cooling rate, and the second cooling rate includes: Obtain the threshold values ​​for heating rate change and cooling rate change; For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is lower than the heating rate change threshold, the first heating rate is set. For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is higher than the heating rate change threshold, a second heating rate is set; wherein, the first heating rate is higher than the second heating rate; For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is lower than the cooling rate change threshold, the first cooling rate is set. For a state where the temperature of the intermediate simulation component is higher than the cooling rate change threshold, a second cooling rate is set; wherein, the first cooling rate is higher than the second cooling rate.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the performance testing based on multiple alloy steel simulation parts to obtain simulation part test data includes: For each of the aforementioned alloy steel simulation parts, several segregation-sensitive regions are marked; Hardness analysis was performed on several segregation-sensitive regions to identify high-carbon segregation micro-regions. According to the predetermined sample reference specifications and the high carbon segregation micro-region, the alloy steel simulation part is adapted and processed to obtain the simulation part sample; The performance of the simulated specimen was tested to obtain the test data of the simulated specimen.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, the step of performing performance testing on the simulated specimen to obtain the simulated specimen test data includes: Tensile processing tests were performed on the simulated specimen to obtain tensile property characterization parameters. Notched impact tests were performed on the simulated specimens to obtain the ductile-brittle transition characterization parameters. Fracture toughness tests were performed on the simulated specimen to obtain fracture toughness characterization parameters. The test data of the simulated part are obtained by integrating the tensile property characterization parameters, the ductile-brittle transition characterization parameters, and the fracture toughness characterization parameters.

[0016] According to some embodiments of this application, before determining the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant and the test data of the simulants, the method further includes: The microstructure of the simulated specimen is examined to determine its morphological characteristics. The fracture surface appearance of the simulated specimen is inspected to determine the fracture morphology characteristics of the simulated specimen. Carbide appearance testing was performed on the simulated specimen to determine the carbide morphology characteristics of the simulated specimen. The tissue morphology features, the fracture morphology features, and the carbide morphology features are integrated to determine the appearance features of the simulated part; The step of determining the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts includes: Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant, the test data of the simulants, and the appearance characteristics of the simulants, performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel are determined.

[0017] According to some embodiments of this application, determining the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant, the simulant test data, and the simulant appearance characteristics includes: Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts, a mapping data of the effect of carbon content on the performance of the alloy steel simulation parts is constructed. Based on the apparent features of the simulated part and the test data of the simulated part, establish performance revealing and characterizing information of the apparent features of the simulated part for the alloy steel simulated part; Based on the actual measurement comparison between the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel and the corresponding alloy steel simulation parts, the quantitative data of simulation effectiveness are determined. The performance of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is evaluated based on the performance impact mapping data, the performance reveal characterization information, and the simulation effectiveness quantification data to obtain the performance evaluation data.

[0018] The performance evaluation apparatus for alloy steel according to a second aspect embodiment of this application includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the alloy steel performance testing requirements and steelmaking raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel. The simulation component benchmark determination module is used to determine the simulation component design benchmark that matches the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the performance testing requirements of the alloy steel. The alloy smelting module is used to perform alloy smelting on the steel raw materials according to the design benchmark of the simulated parts, to obtain multiple alloy steel simulated parts; wherein the carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts is different, and the alloy elements of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specifications. The simulated component performance testing module is used to perform performance tests on multiple alloy steel simulated components to obtain simulated component test data. The alloy steel performance evaluation module is used to determine the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts.

[0019] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the performance evaluation method for alloy steel as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of this application.

[0020] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that is executed by a processor to implement the performance evaluation method for alloy steel as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of this application.

[0021] The performance evaluation method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium for alloy steel according to the embodiments of this application have at least the following beneficial effects: According to the performance evaluation method for alloy steel in this application, it is necessary to first obtain the performance testing requirements and raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel; based on the performance testing requirements, determine the design benchmark of the simulated component matching the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel; according to the design benchmark, perform alloy smelting on the raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulated components; wherein the carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulated components is different, and the alloying elements of the multiple alloy steel simulated components, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specifications; perform performance tests on the multiple alloy steel simulated components to obtain simulated component test data; and determine the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulated component and the simulated component test data. In this way, the scientific, controllable, and time-sensitive requirements for performance evaluation of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel can be met.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is another flowchart illustrating the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, left, right, front, and back, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0027] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific content of the technical solution. Furthermore, the identification of specific steps in the following text does not imply a limitation on the order of steps or execution logic. The execution order and logic between each step should be understood and inferred from the content described in the embodiments.

[0029] Manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel (Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel) is a low-alloy structural steel formed by adding three main alloying elements—manganese, nickel, and molybdenum—to carbon steel. The name of this type of steel directly reflects its key alloying components, where Mn represents manganese, Ni represents nickel, and Mo represents molybdenum. Regarding the role of the alloying elements, manganese acts as the main solid solution strengthening element, effectively improving the strength and hardenability of the steel while lowering the ductile-brittle transition temperature. Nickel's main role in this steel is to significantly improve low-temperature toughness, especially impact energy in the low-temperature range. Molybdenum's main function is to improve the high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and tempering stability of the steel, while refining the grain structure.

[0030] The most outstanding performance characteristic of Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel is its combination of high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness. This good balance of strength and toughness makes it particularly suitable for working conditions that withstand high pressure, low temperature, and neutron irradiation.

[0031] In the field of nuclear power equipment manufacturing, Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel, due to its combination of high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, has become a key structural material for core equipment such as reactor pressure vessels, main pump casings, and steam generators in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. The structural integrity of these components directly determines the safe operation and service life of the nuclear power plant. Especially with the increasing demands for extended service life and improved safety levels in next-generation nuclear power plants, material performance fluctuations must be controlled within the allowable range of engineering design. However, during the manufacturing of large forgings, due to the solidification characteristics of steel ingots and the influence of forging process parameters, carbon elements are prone to non-uniform distribution on a macroscopic scale, i.e., carbon segregation. This carbon segregation leads to heterogeneity in the local microstructure of the forging, which in turn causes fluctuations in mechanical properties, posing potential hazards to the safe operation of nuclear power equipment.

[0032] Currently, the main method for assessing the impact of carbon segregation on the properties of large Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel forgings is the full-size forging test method. This method requires a complete replication of the actual manufacturing process, including melting tens to hundreds of tons of steel ingots according to actual specifications, using a large electric arc furnace and ladle refining process to control the composition to meet specifications; then performing multiple forgings on a hydraulic press with a capacity of thousands of tons; and finally performing normalizing and tempering or post-weld heat treatment in a large heat treatment furnace, with the holding time determined according to the wall thickness, to finally obtain a full-size forging consistent with the actual product dimensions. After the forging is prepared, samples are taken from its critical areas and segregation-sensitive areas, processed into standard specimens, and subjected to mechanical property testing using a universal testing machine and an impact testing machine, combined with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for microstructural characterization.

[0033] However, current full-size forging testing methods have limitations and cannot meet the scientific, controllable, and time-sensitive requirements for performance evaluation.

[0034] From a scientific perspective, the poor controllability of carbon segregation is the most significant limitation of the full-size forging test method. This method relies on the natural formation of carbon segregation during ingot solidification and forging, making it impossible to actively control the single variable of carbon content. This inevitably leads to the co-segregation of other elements such as manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur during the test. This multi-factor coupling interference makes it impossible to accurately attribute the test results to the independent influence of carbon segregation, violating the fundamental scientific principle of controlling variables. The resulting causal relationships are unclear, making it difficult to support accurate material property prediction and failure mechanism analysis.

[0035] From a techno-economic perspective, the high cost and excessively long cycle make this method impractical in engineering practice. The high economic and time costs of a single experiment limit the possibility of conducting systematic studies on multiple carbon content gradients, resulting in insufficient experimental data sample size and difficulty in establishing reliable statistical regularities. Simultaneously, the technical bottleneck of limited microscopic characterization prevents the full utilization of advanced techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, hindering the revelation of the deep-seated influence mechanisms of carbon segregation on carbide morphology, grain boundary characteristics, and other microstructures, thus limiting the depth of understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of performance fluctuations.

[0036] The lack of flexibility in engineering applications exposes the method's shortcomings in emergency response capabilities. In the nuclear power sector, the assessment of forgings with excessive carbon content often has extremely high time requirements. However, the full-scale testing method cannot quickly prepare test subjects with specific carbon contents, making it difficult to consistently meet the practical needs of emergency assessments within the project cycle, thus significantly diminishing its value in engineering decision support.

[0037] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a performance evaluation method, apparatus, electronic equipment, and medium for alloy steel, which can meet the scientific, controllable, and timely requirements for performance evaluation of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 The performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to the embodiments of this application may include: Step S101: Obtain the alloy steel performance testing requirements and steelmaking raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel; Step S102: Based on the performance testing requirements of alloy steel, determine the design benchmark of the simulation part that matches the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel. Step S103: According to the design benchmark of the simulation component, alloy smelting is carried out on the steel raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulation components; among them, the carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulation components is different, and the alloy elements of the multiple alloy steel simulation components, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specification requirements. Step S104: Perform performance tests on multiple alloy steel simulation parts to obtain simulation part test data; Step S105: Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts, determine the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel.

[0039] To address the challenge of evaluating carbon segregation in large Mn-Ni-Mo alloy steel forgings used in nuclear power equipment, existing full-size forging testing methods suffer from high costs, excessively long cycles, limited microscopic characterization, uncontrollable carbon segregation states, and insufficient engineering flexibility, making them inadequate to meet the scientific, controllable, and timely requirements for performance evaluation. To overcome these limitations, this application proposes a performance evaluation method for alloy steels. Through systematic process design, it achieves efficient and low-cost assessment of the impact of carbon segregation while ensuring evaluation accuracy.

[0040] The core idea of ​​this application is to use carbon content as the only controllable variable, and to reproduce the microstructure characteristics of large forgings by preparing a series of small simulated parts with different carbon contents, thereby establishing a quantitative correlation between carbon content and mechanical properties and microstructure.

[0041] In step S101 of some embodiments, the alloy steel performance testing requirements and steelmaking raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel are obtained. It's important to note that obtaining the performance testing requirements for alloy steel means defining the key mechanical properties related to the assessment, such as strength, toughness, and ductile-brittle transition temperature, while simultaneously determining the assessment range and gradient settings for carbon content. The preparation of raw materials for steelmaking requires selecting manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel that conforms to industrial realities as the base material, ensuring that the subsequent smelting process can start from a reliable point of origin. Although this step does not involve specific process operations, it is the foundation of the entire method's scientific validity. It defines the boundary conditions and input parameters for the evaluation work, avoiding the waste of resources caused by blind experimentation.

[0042] In step S102 of some embodiments, a design benchmark for a simulation component matching the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined based on the performance testing requirements of alloy steel. It should be noted that this step requires establishing the core design parameters for the small-scale simulation part based on the requirements information obtained in the first step. These parameters include geometric dimensions, forging ratio, and heat treatment regime. The establishment of design benchmarks must ensure that the simulation part maintains consistency with the core areas of a real large-scale forging in key microstructural characteristics such as cooling path, grain size, and carbide distribution. This step demonstrates the method's controllability advantage; through proactive design rather than passive reproduction, subsequent experiments can precisely focus on the influence of the single variable of carbon segregation, eliminating interference from other factors.

[0043] In step S103 of some embodiments, according to the design basis of the simulation component, alloy smelting is carried out on the steel raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulation components; wherein, the carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulation components is different, and the alloy elements of the multiple alloy steel simulation components, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specification requirements. It should be noted that, according to design standards, vacuum induction melting technology was used to remelt the steel raw materials. During this process, through precise batching, multiple simulants with varying carbon contents were prepared, but all other alloying elements met the requirements of nuclear power material specifications. The key to this approach lies in utilizing the high purity and precise composition control capabilities of vacuum melting to ensure that the only difference between different batches of simulants is the carbon content, while the contents of major alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, and molybdenum, as well as impurity elements such as phosphorus and sulfur, remain highly consistent. The multiple simulants obtained thus constitute the experimental matrix for the evaluation work. Each simulant represents a specific carbon content state, providing a reliable sample basis for subsequently establishing a quantitative relationship between carbon content and performance.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 According to some embodiments of this application, step S103 involves alloy smelting of steel raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulation parts, which may include: Step S201: Based on the steelmaking raw materials, a smelting process is carried out to obtain multiple steel ingots with different carbon contents; Step S202: For multiple steel ingots, forging is performed according to the alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents. Step S203: Perform post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain the alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates. Step S204: Perform performance tests based on the alloy steel simulation part to obtain performance evaluation results.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the preparation process of the alloy steel simulation part in the performance evaluation method of alloy steel is a systematic process involving multiple steps, each of which is closely connected to ensure that the final simulation part can accurately reflect the impact of carbon content differences on performance.

[0046] In step S201 of some embodiments, the steelmaking raw materials are smelted to obtain multiple steel ingots with different carbon contents. It should be noted that the purpose of smelting the steel raw materials is to produce multiple steel ingots with varying carbon contents. This process involves precise control of the smelting process to ensure that the contents of all alloying elements, except for carbon, meet the predetermined specifications for nuclear power materials. In this way, a series of steel ingots with different carbon content gradients can be obtained, providing the basic materials for subsequent forging and heat treatment.

[0047] In step S202 of some embodiments, multiple steel ingots are forged according to an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents. It should be noted that these steel ingots with varying carbon contents are forged. The forging process simulates the manufacturing process of large forgings, using specific forging parameters such as forging ratio, initial forging temperature, and final forging temperature to process the steel ingots into forged plates with specific dimensions and shapes. The selection of forging parameters is crucial in this process, as it directly affects the microstructure and performance of the final simulated part. After forging, multiple sets of forged plates with varying carbon contents are obtained, and their microstructure and properties will be further optimized during subsequent heat treatment.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 According to some embodiments of this application, before step S202, which involves forging multiple steel ingots using an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents, the following may also be included: Step S301: Determine the actual forging process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel and adjust the actual forging process of the alloy steel to determine the simulated forging process of the alloy steel. Before step S203, which involves performing post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain the corresponding alloy steel simulated parts, the process may further include: Step S302: Determine the actual heat treatment process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel and adjust the actual heat treatment process of the alloy steel to determine the simulated heat treatment process of the alloy steel.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, to ensure that the alloy steel simulation parts accurately reflect the performance characteristics of actual large manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel forgings, this application incorporates adjustments and optimizations to the actual processes in the design of the forging and heat treatment processes. The purpose of these steps is to reproduce, as accurately as possible, the microstructure evolution and performance characteristics of the large forgings during the actual manufacturing process.

[0050] In some embodiments, step S301 involves determining the actual forging process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel and adjusting the actual forging process to determine the simulated forging process. It should be noted that before forging, the actual forging process for the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel must first be determined. The actual forging process is based on manufacturing experience and technical specifications for large forgings, and includes key parameters such as forging ratio, initial forging temperature, and final forging temperature. However, due to differences in size and shape between the simulated part and the actual large forging, directly applying the actual forging process may not achieve the desired simulation effect. Therefore, the technical solution proposes adjusting the actual forging process to determine suitable forging process parameters for the simulated part. This adjustment process requires comprehensive consideration of the simulated part's size, shape, and subsequent heat treatment requirements to ensure that the forged simulated part maintains a high degree of consistency with the actual large forging in terms of microstructure and properties.

[0051] In step S302 of some embodiments, the actual heat treatment process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined, and the actual heat treatment process of the alloy steel is adjusted to determine the simulated heat treatment process of the alloy steel.

[0052] It should be noted that the actual heat treatment process for the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel needs to be determined before post-forging heat treatment. The actual heat treatment process may include normalizing, tempering, and post-weld heat treatment, which play a crucial role in refining grains, relieving internal stress, stabilizing the microstructure, and improving the material's toughness. However, similar to forging processes, directly applying the actual heat treatment process to the simulated part may not fully reproduce the microstructure characteristics of large forgings. Therefore, the technical solution proposes adjusting the actual heat treatment process to determine suitable heat treatment parameters for the simulated part. This adjustment process requires optimizing parameters such as heat treatment temperature, holding time, and cooling rate based on the forging state of the simulated part and the requirements of subsequent performance testing, ensuring that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the heat-treated simulated part match those of the actual large forging.

[0053] Through the aforementioned adjustments and optimizations, the embodiments of this application not only ensure that the simulated parts maintain consistency with actual large forgings in terms of the key variable of carbon content difference, but also achieve a high degree of similarity in forging and heat treatment processes. This precise reproduction of the actual process enables the final alloy steel simulated parts to truly reflect the impact of carbon segregation on the performance of large manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel forgings, thereby providing an efficient and reliable performance evaluation method for the nuclear power equipment manufacturing field.

[0054] Reference Figure 4 According to some embodiments of this application, step S202 involves forging multiple steel ingots using an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with varying carbon contents. This step may include: Step S401: The high-speed forging machine that meets the preset tonnage conditions is identified as the forging equipment; Step S402: The steel ingots are subjected to multiple upsetting and drawing operations using forging equipment so that each steel ingot undergoes a plastic deformation process. Step S403: During the plastic deformation process of each steel ingot, the initial forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset initial forging temperature range by controlling the forging equipment, and the final forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset final forging temperature range. Step S404: After each steel ingot undergoes plastic deformation, multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents are obtained; all sets of forged plates conform to the design criteria of the simulated parts.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, the forging process for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is a systematic operation process, which aims to process steel ingots with different carbon contents into forged plates that meet design requirements by precisely controlling the forging process parameters.

[0056] In step S401 of some embodiments, a high-speed forging machine that meets the preset tonnage conditions is identified as a forging equipment; It should be noted that selecting suitable forging equipment, specifically a high-speed forging mill that meets the preset tonnage requirements, is crucial. The choice of a high-speed forging mill is based on its ability to provide sufficient forging force to ensure that the steel ingot undergoes adequate plastic deformation during forging, while also guaranteeing the efficiency and stability of the forging process.

[0057] In step S402 of some embodiments, the steel ingots are subjected to multiple upsetting and drawing operations by forging equipment so that the steel ingots undergo a plastic deformation process. It should be noted that, after selecting a high-speed forging mill, the core of the forging operation is to achieve plastic deformation of the steel ingot through multiple upsetting and drawing operations. Upsetting mainly increases the cross-sectional area of ​​the steel ingot, while drawing reduces its cross-sectional area by extending its length. These two operations are performed alternately, allowing the steel ingot to gradually reach the predetermined size and shape under the action of the forging equipment. The key to this process is controlling the temperature parameters during forging to ensure that the metal maintains good fluidity and machinability during plastic deformation.

[0058] Reference Figure 5 According to some embodiments of this application, step S402, which involves performing multiple upsetting and drawing operations on each steel ingot using forging equipment, may include: Step S501: Perform carbon segregation assessment on each steel ingot to determine the severely segregated areas corresponding to each steel ingot. Step S502: Remove the severely segregated areas corresponding to each steel ingot to obtain the forging billet; Step S503: The forging billets are subjected to multiple upsetting and drawing operations using forging equipment.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, the detailed operations of the forging process involve performing multiple upsetting and drawing operations on the steel ingot.

[0060] In some embodiments, step S501 involves evaluating carbon segregation in each steel ingot to determine the severely segregated region corresponding to each steel ingot. It should be noted that carbon segregation assessment is performed on each steel ingot to identify areas with more severe carbon segregation. Carbon segregation assessment uses professional testing methods, such as metallographic analysis or other chemical analysis methods, to identify areas of uneven carbon content distribution in the steel ingot. These areas usually correspond to the head and tail of the steel ingot and are caused by compositional inhomogeneity formed during the solidification process.

[0061] In step S502 of some embodiments, the severely segregated regions corresponding to each steel ingot are removed to obtain a forging billet; It should be noted that after identifying the severely segregated areas, the next step is to remove these areas. Through machining or cutting, the severely segregated portions of the ingot at the head and tail are removed to obtain the forging billet. This removal process is necessary because the severely segregated areas affect the uniformity of the properties of the subsequent forgings, especially in terms of mechanical properties and microstructure. By removing these areas, it is ensured that the forging billet has a more uniform composition and microstructure during subsequent forging processes, thereby improving the quality and performance stability of the final forged sheet.

[0062] In step S503 of some embodiments, the forging billets are subjected to multiple upsetting and drawing operations using forging equipment.

[0063] It should be noted that forging equipment is used to perform multiple upsetting and drawing operations on the processed forging billet. This process is the core of the forging process. Through repeated upsetting and drawing, the forging billet undergoes sufficient plastic deformation. Upsetting mainly increases the cross-sectional area of ​​the billet, while drawing reduces its cross-sectional area by extending its length. These two operations are performed alternately, allowing the forging billet to gradually reach the predetermined size and shape requirements. This process not only changes the macroscopic shape of the billet but also refines the grain structure of the metal through plastic deformation, improving the mechanical properties of the material and providing a good microstructure basis for subsequent heat treatment and performance testing.

[0064] Through the above steps, the final product is a forged plate. These plates vary in carbon content but are more uniform and stable in microstructure and properties, meeting the requirements of the simulated part design benchmark. This process ensures that steel ingots with different carbon contents undergo similar deformation processes during forging. Therefore, in subsequent performance evaluations, the difference in carbon content becomes the dominant factor affecting performance, providing a reliable experimental basis for accurately assessing the impact of carbon segregation on performance.

[0065] In step S403 of some embodiments, during the plastic deformation process of each steel ingot, the initial forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset initial forging temperature range by controlling the forging equipment, and the final forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset final forging temperature range. It should be noted that during the plastic deformation process of the steel ingot, the operating parameters of the forging equipment need to be controlled to limit the initial forging temperature and the final forging temperature within a preset range. Controlling the initial forging temperature ensures that the steel ingot has sufficient plasticity at the start of forging, avoiding forging defects caused by excessively low temperatures. Controlling the final forging temperature ensures that the microstructure of the steel ingot achieves the desired refinement effect at the end of forging, while avoiding grain coarsening or other adverse microstructural changes caused by excessively high temperatures.

[0066] In step S404 of some embodiments, after each steel ingot undergoes plastic deformation, multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents are obtained; wherein, the multiple sets of forged plates all conform to the design criteria of the simulated part.

[0067] It should be noted that after the forging operation described above, multiple sets of forged plates with varying carbon contents are obtained. These forged plates not only differ in carbon content but also conform to the design benchmarks for the simulated parts in terms of size, shape, and microstructure. This means that the forged plates already possess the initial conditions required for subsequent heat treatment and performance testing, providing a reliable material basis for subsequent process steps. Through this precisely controlled forging process, it is possible to ensure that steel ingots with different carbon contents undergo similar deformation processes during forging. Consequently, in subsequent performance evaluation, the difference in carbon content becomes the dominant factor affecting performance, making it possible to accurately assess the impact of carbon segregation on performance.

[0068] In step S203 of some embodiments, each group of forged plates is subjected to post-forging heat treatment according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain the alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates. It should be noted that each group of forged plates underwent post-forging heat treatment. This heat treatment process simulates the heat treatment steps experienced by large forgings in actual manufacturing. The aim is to further refine the grains, homogenize the microstructure, and eliminate internal stresses generated during forging by controlling parameters such as heat treatment temperature, holding time, and cooling rate. Through this process, the resulting alloy steel simulation parts more closely resemble actual large forgings in microstructure and properties, providing representative samples for subsequent performance testing.

[0069] Reference Figure 6 According to some embodiments of this application, step S203, which involves performing post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates according to an alloy steel simulated heat treatment process, may include: Step S601: Heat the forged plate to an intermediate plateau temperature below the normalizing temperature range, and keep the forged plate at the intermediate plateau temperature for a first holding time. Step S602: After the forging plate is held at the intermediate plateau temperature for the first holding time, the forging plate is heated to the normalizing temperature range and held at the normalizing temperature range for the second holding time. Step S603: After the forged plate is held at the normalizing temperature range for a second holding time, the forged plate is placed in the air to cool in order to perform the normalizing operation. Step S604: After normalizing the forging plate, heat the forging plate to the tempering temperature range and keep the forging plate at the tempering temperature range for a third holding time. Step S605: After the forged plate has been held at the tempering temperature range for a third holding time, the forged plate is placed in the air to cool again.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the post-forging heat treatment process for each group of forged plates is a staged temperature-controlled operation, which aims to optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the forged plates by simulating the actual heat treatment process of large forgings.

[0071] In some embodiments, step S601 involves heating the forged plate to an intermediate plateau temperature below the normalizing temperature range and holding the forged plate at the intermediate plateau temperature for a first holding time. It should be noted that the forged sheet is heated to an intermediate plateau temperature below the normalizing temperature range and then held at this temperature. The purpose of this stage is to pre-treat the forged sheet at a relatively low temperature, allowing the carbides inside the sheet to begin dissolving through the holding process, while avoiding microstructure inhomogeneity caused by excessively high temperatures. This pre-treatment facilitates the subsequent normalizing operation, ensuring that the sheet achieves a more uniform microstructure during the normalizing stage.

[0072] In some embodiments, step S602 involves heating the forging plate to the normalizing temperature range after holding it at the intermediate plateau temperature for a first holding time, and then holding the forging plate at the normalizing temperature range for a second holding time. It should be noted that after holding at the intermediate plateau temperature, the forged sheet is heated to the normalizing temperature range and held a second time at this temperature. Normalizing is a crucial step in the heat treatment process; its purpose is to transform the internal microstructure of the sheet through high-temperature heating, refining the grains and homogenizing the microstructure. During the holding time at the normalizing temperature range, the austenitization process within the sheet is completed, preparing it for subsequent cooling transformation. Controlling the holding time is one of the key factors in ensuring the normalizing effect; too short a holding time may lead to incomplete microstructure transformation, while too long a holding time may increase energy consumption and potentially cause grain coarsening.

[0073] In some embodiments, step S603 involves placing the forged plate in air to cool after a second holding time at the normalizing temperature range to perform the normalizing operation. It should be noted that after the second holding time, the forged sheet is placed in air for cooling to perform the normalizing operation. Air cooling is a natural cooling method that allows the sheet to complete the transformation from austenite to ferrite or other phases at a relatively gentle cooling rate. This cooling method helps to avoid increased internal stress and microstructural defects caused by excessively rapid cooling, while ensuring that the sheet can form a uniform microstructure during the cooling process.

[0074] In some embodiments, step S604 involves heating the forged plate to a tempering temperature range after normalizing it, and then holding it at that temperature for a third holding time. It should be noted that after normalizing, the forged sheet is heated to the tempering temperature range and held at this temperature for a third time. Tempering is another important step in the heat treatment process. Its purpose is to eliminate the internal stress generated during forging through high-temperature heating and holding, while further refining the microstructure and improving the toughness and ductility of the material. The selection of tempering temperature and holding time has a significant impact on the final material properties; appropriate tempering parameters can significantly improve the overall performance of the material.

[0075] In some embodiments, step S605 involves placing the forged plate in air to recool after a third holding time at the tempering temperature range.

[0076] It should be noted that after tempering and holding, the forged sheet is placed in air again for cooling. This cooling process is similar to the cooling after normalizing, aiming to maintain the stability and uniformity of the microstructure of the sheet through natural cooling. Through this series of heat treatment steps, the microstructure of the forged sheet is optimized, its mechanical properties are improved, and the resulting alloy steel simulation part can more accurately reflect the performance characteristics of actual large forgings after heat treatment.

[0077] Reference Figure 7 According to some embodiments of this application, step S203 involves performing post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates using an alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates. This step may include: Step S701: Perform post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain intermediate simulated parts. Step S702: Perform segmented heat treatment on the intermediate simulation part to simulate post-weld heat treatment, and obtain an alloy steel simulation part.

[0078] In some embodiments of this application, the post-forging heat treatment process for each group of forged plates is a phased process flow, which aims to gradually optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the forged plates by simulating the actual heat treatment process of large forgings, and finally obtain alloy steel simulation parts that meet the requirements.

[0079] In step S701 of some embodiments, each group of forged plates is subjected to post-forging heat treatment according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain an intermediate simulated part. It should be noted that each group of forged plates undergoes routine post-forging heat treatment. The purpose of this step is to optimize the microstructure of the forged plates by controlling parameters such as temperature and holding time, thereby obtaining intermediate simulation parts. This stage of heat treatment may include normalizing and tempering. Through these operations, the internal stress of the forged plates is eliminated, and the grain structure is refined, thus providing a good foundation for subsequent performance testing and further heat treatment.

[0080] In step S702 of some embodiments, the intermediate simulation part is subjected to segmented heat treatment to simulate post-weld heat treatment to obtain an alloy steel simulation part.

[0081] It should be noted that after obtaining the intermediate simulation parts, the next step is to perform segmented holding-type simulated post-weld heat treatment on these intermediate simulation parts. This stage of heat treatment is designed to simulate the thermal cycling effects experienced by actual nuclear power forgings during welding. Since localized high-temperature heating and rapid cooling during welding can lead to changes in the material's microstructure and properties, segmented holding-type simulated post-weld heat treatment can reproduce the impact of this thermal cycle on the material's microstructure and properties. This process can include holding operations at multiple temperature segments, each with its specific holding time and temperature range. By precisely controlling these parameters, it can be ensured that the microstructure and properties of the simulation parts after simulated post-weld heat treatment accurately reflect the material changes during actual welding.

[0082] Ultimately, the alloy steel simulation part obtained after segmented heat treatment simulating post-weld welding not only more closely resembles the actual large forgings in microstructure after welding, but also more accurately reflects the influence of carbon segregation on mechanical properties. Through this staged heat treatment process, the embodiments of this application can effectively simulate the complex heat treatment conditions in actual manufacturing processes, thus providing a scientific and accurate experimental basis for evaluating the impact of carbon segregation on the properties of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel.

[0083] Reference Figure 8 According to some embodiments of this application, step S702, which involves performing segmented heat treatment on the intermediate simulation part to obtain an alloy steel simulation part, may include: Step S801: Obtain the heating rate change threshold, the cooling rate change threshold, the first heating rate, the second heating rate, the first cooling rate, and the second cooling rate; Step S802: The intermediate simulation component is heated based on the first heating rate. In response to the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaching the heating rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation component is heated based on the second heating rate until the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaches the preset first heating platform range, so that the intermediate simulation component is kept at the first heating platform range for the first segmented holding time. Step S803: After the intermediate simulation part is kept at the first heating platform range for a first segmented holding time, the forging plate is heated to the second heating platform range, and the intermediate simulation part is kept at the second heating platform range for a second segmented holding time. In step S804, after the intermediate simulation part is kept at the second heating platform range for a second segmented holding time, the intermediate simulation part is cooled based on the second cooling rate. In response to the temperature of the intermediate simulation part reaching the cooling rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation part is cooled further based on the first cooling rate to obtain the alloy steel simulation part.

[0084] In some embodiments of this application, the segmented heat treatment of the intermediate simulation part is a finely controlled heat treatment process, which aims to precisely control the microstructure and properties of the material by simulating the thermal cycling effect after welding of actual nuclear power forgings.

[0085] In some embodiments, step S801 involves obtaining a heating rate change threshold, a cooling rate change threshold, a first heating rate, a second heating rate, a first cooling rate, and a second cooling rate. It should be noted that a series of key heat treatment parameters are obtained, including the heating rate change threshold, the cooling rate change threshold, the first heating rate, the second heating rate, the first cooling rate, and the second cooling rate. These parameters are preset according to the material properties and expected performance requirements, and are used to guide the temperature control throughout the heat treatment process.

[0086] Reference Figure 9 According to some embodiments of this application, step S801, which obtains the heating rate change threshold, the cooling rate change threshold, the first heating rate, the second heating rate, the first cooling rate, and the second cooling rate, may include: Step S901: Obtain the heating rate change threshold and the cooling rate change threshold; Step S902: For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is lower than the heating rate change threshold, a first heating rate is set; Step S903: For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is higher than the heating rate change threshold, a second heating rate is set; wherein, the first heating rate is higher than the second heating rate. Step S904: For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is lower than the cooling rate change threshold, a first cooling rate is set; Step S905: For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is higher than the cooling rate change threshold, a second cooling rate is set; wherein, the first cooling rate is higher than the second cooling rate.

[0087] In some embodiments of this application, obtaining key rate parameters during the heat treatment process is the basis for achieving precise temperature control.

[0088] In some embodiments, step S901 involves obtaining a heating rate change threshold and a cooling rate change threshold. It should be noted that it is necessary to determine the threshold values ​​for heating rate variation and cooling rate variation. These two thresholds are key points in the temperature control process, used to distinguish between different heating and cooling stages, and to ensure that the heat treatment process can flexibly adjust the rate according to the temperature state of the material.

[0089] In some embodiments, steps S902 to S903 involve setting a first heating rate for a state where the temperature of the intermediate simulation component is lower than the heating rate change threshold, and setting a second heating rate for a state where the temperature of the intermediate simulation component is higher than the heating rate change threshold; wherein the first heating rate is higher than the second heating rate. It should be noted that during the heating process, when the temperature of the intermediate simulated part is below the heating rate change threshold, a higher first heating rate is set. This higher heating rate helps to quickly raise the material temperature, allowing it to reach the preset temperature range as soon as possible. However, once the material temperature exceeds the heating rate change threshold, a lower second heating rate is switched on. This lower heating rate aims to avoid thermal stress concentration caused by excessively rapid temperature rise, ensuring the stability of the material at high temperatures. It is worth noting that the first heating rate is higher than the second heating rate; this design reflects the need for precise temperature control during heat treatment, especially when approaching the target temperature, where more careful control of the heating rate is required.

[0090] In some embodiments, steps S904 to S905 involve setting a first cooling rate for a state where the temperature of the intermediate simulation component is lower than the cooling rate change threshold, and setting a second cooling rate for a state where the temperature of the intermediate simulation component is higher than the cooling rate change threshold; wherein the first cooling rate is higher than the second cooling rate.

[0091] It should be noted that, for the cooling process, different cooling rates are also set according to the temperature state of the intermediate simulated part. When the material temperature is below the cooling rate change threshold, a higher first cooling rate is used. This higher cooling rate can quickly reduce the material temperature, allowing it to enter the cooling stage as soon as possible. However, when the material temperature is above the cooling rate change threshold, a lower second cooling rate is switched. This lower cooling rate helps to avoid microstructural defects and performance degradation caused by excessively rapid cooling. Similar to the heating process, the first cooling rate is higher than the second cooling rate; this design ensures the controllability of the cooling process and the stability of material properties.

[0092] It should be understood that this segmented rate control strategy allows the heat treatment process to flexibly adjust the heating and cooling rates according to the actual temperature state of the intermediate simulated part. This strategy not only improves the efficiency of heat treatment but also ensures that the microstructure and properties of the material can be optimized at different temperature stages. By precisely controlling the heating and cooling rates, the final alloy steel simulated part can more accurately reflect the actual post-weld state in terms of microstructure and properties, providing a reliable basis for subsequent performance evaluation and material optimization.

[0093] In step S802 of some embodiments, the intermediate simulation component is heated based on a first heating rate. In response to the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaching a heating rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation component is heated based on a second heating rate until the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaches a preset first heating platform range, so that the intermediate simulation component is kept at the first heating platform range for a first segmented holding time. It should be noted that after obtaining these parameters, the heat treatment process begins with the heating stage of the intermediate simulation part. First, the intermediate simulation part is heated based on a first heating rate. When the temperature of the intermediate simulation part reaches a preset heating rate change threshold, heating is switched to a second heating rate. The purpose of this process is to control the distribution of thermal stress within the material by adjusting the heating rate during the temperature rise, avoiding material damage caused by excessively rapid temperature changes. Finally, the temperature of the intermediate simulation part is raised to a preset first heating plateau range, and a holding period is performed within this temperature range for the first segmented holding period. This holding stage allows the internal structure of the material to adjust at a relatively stable temperature, promoting the diffusion of carbon elements and the initial dissolution of carbides, laying the foundation for subsequent heat treatment steps.

[0094] In some embodiments, step S803 involves heating the forged plate to the second heating platform range after the intermediate simulation part has been kept at the first heating platform range for a first segmented holding time. The intermediate simulation part is then kept at the second heating platform range for a second segmented holding time. It should be noted that after the initial heating plateau section is heated, the intermediate simulation component is then heated to the second heating plateau section, where a second stage of heating and holding is performed. This stage involves higher temperatures and precisely calculated holding times to further promote microstructural transformation within the material, resulting in a more uniform distribution of carbides and refined grain structure. This process significantly improves the material's toughness and ductility while reducing the risk of cracking during welding.

[0095] In some embodiments, step S804 involves holding the intermediate simulation piece at a second heating platform interval for a second segmented holding time, then cooling the intermediate simulation piece based on a second cooling rate. In response to the intermediate simulation piece reaching a cooling rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation piece is further cooled based on a first cooling rate to obtain an alloy steel simulation piece.

[0096] It should be noted that after the intermediate simulation part completes the holding period in the second heating plateau zone, it enters the cooling stage. The intermediate simulation part is cooled based on the second cooling rate. When the temperature drops to the cooling rate change threshold, the cooling rate is switched to the first cooling rate for continued cooling. This cooling process also requires precise control to ensure that the material transforms uniformly during cooling, avoiding microstructural defects or performance degradation caused by excessively rapid cooling. Through this segmented cooling method, the final alloy steel simulation part can more accurately reflect the state of the material after actual welding in terms of microstructure and properties.

[0097] It should be understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the entire segmented heat treatment process for simulated post-weld welding ensures that the microstructure and properties of the alloy steel simulation part can realistically simulate the actual post-weld state by precisely controlling the heating and cooling rates and the holding time at different temperature platforms. This process not only improves the accuracy of performance evaluation of the simulation part, but also provides important experimental data support for the optimization of welding processes in nuclear power equipment manufacturing.

[0098] In some embodiments, step S204 involves performing performance tests based on an alloy steel simulant to obtain performance evaluation results.

[0099] It should be noted that performance testing was conducted based on the obtained alloy steel simulation parts. Performance testing can cover multiple aspects, including mechanical property testing and microstructure characterization. Through these tests, performance evaluation results of the simulation parts under different carbon contents can be obtained. These results will be used to analyze the specific impact of carbon content on the properties of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel, thus providing a scientific basis for assessing the influence of carbon segregation on the properties of large forgings.

[0100] In some embodiments, step S104 involves performing performance tests on multiple alloy steel simulants to obtain simulant test data. It should be noted that, based on the multiple alloy steel simulation parts obtained in step S103, systematic mechanical property tests covering tensile, impact, and fracture toughness were conducted. Simultaneously, microstructure characterization was performed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. During the testing process, it was necessary to ensure that all samples were taken from the same location and that the carbon segregation micro-regions were covered to obtain performance data directly related to carbon content. The simulation part test data collected in this step included multi-dimensional parameters such as yield strength, tensile strength, series of temperature impact energy, ductile-brittle transition temperature, crack initiation fracture toughness value, carbide size and density, etc. These data collectively constitute empirical evidence for evaluating the influence of carbon segregation.

[0101] According to some embodiments of this application, step S104, which involves performing performance tests on multiple alloy steel simulation parts to obtain simulation part test data, may include: For each alloy steel simulation part, several segregation-sensitive areas were marked; Hardness analysis was performed on several segregation-sensitive areas to identify high-carbon segregation micro-regions; According to the predetermined sample reference specifications and high carbon segregation micro-regions, the alloy steel simulation part is adapted and processed to obtain the simulation part sample; The performance of the simulated specimen was tested to obtain the test data of the simulated specimen.

[0102] In some embodiments of this application, the process of performing performance tests on multiple alloy steel simulants is a systematic and meticulous operation, which aims to obtain simulant test data that can accurately reflect the influence of carbon segregation through precise area marking, hardness analysis, sample processing and performance testing.

[0103] It should be noted that for each alloy steel simulation part, several segregation-sensitive areas need to be marked. These areas are usually predetermined based on the material's compositional distribution and manufacturing process characteristics, such as the head or tail of the ingot or specific parts during forging, where carbon segregation is more likely to occur. Marking these areas provides clear reference locations for subsequent hardness analysis and sample processing, ensuring that the test data specifically reflects the impact of carbon segregation on performance.

[0104] It should be noted that hardness analysis is performed on these segregation-sensitive areas. Hardness analysis identifies high-carbon segregation micro-regions by measuring the hardness values ​​of different areas. Since an increase in carbon content usually leads to a localized increase in hardness, hardness analysis can pinpoint areas with high carbon content. This process not only helps to locate high-carbon segregation micro-regions but also provides precise guidance for subsequent sample processing, ensuring that the sample covers these critical areas.

[0105] It should be noted that after identifying the high-carbon segregation micro-regions, the alloy steel simulation parts are machined to fit the pre-determined sample reference specifications. These specifications are established based on performance testing requirements and include the sample's size, shape, and sampling direction. During machining, it is essential to ensure that the sample accurately covers the high-carbon segregation micro-regions while simultaneously meeting the operational requirements of the performance testing equipment. This machining step is fundamental to performance testing; only precisely machined samples can provide reliable test data.

[0106] It should be noted that performance testing was performed on the processed simulated specimens. This testing included tensile testing, impact testing, hardness testing, and microstructure analysis. These methods allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the alloy steel simulated specimens at different carbon contents. This test data will serve as crucial evidence for assessing the impact of carbon segregation on performance, providing support for subsequent data analysis and material performance optimization.

[0107] It should be understood that the entire performance testing process, through precise area marking, hardness analysis, sample processing, and performance testing, ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test data. This data not only reflects the specific impact of carbon segregation on the properties of alloy steel but also provides a scientific basis for material selection and process optimization in nuclear power equipment manufacturing.

[0108] According to some embodiments of this application, performance testing of a simulated specimen to obtain simulated specimen test data may include: Tensile processing tests were performed on the simulated specimens to obtain tensile property characterization parameters. Notched impact tests were performed on the simulated specimens to obtain the ductile-brittle transition characterization parameters; Fracture toughness tests were performed on the simulated specimens to obtain fracture toughness characterization parameters. The test data of the simulated part were obtained by integrating the tensile property characterization parameters, ductile-brittle transition characterization parameters, and fracture toughness characterization parameters.

[0109] It should be noted that the process of testing the performance of the simulated specimen involves several key steps. Each step aims to obtain specific performance characterization parameters through different testing methods, and finally integrates these parameters to obtain comprehensive simulated specimen test data.

[0110] First, tensile testing is performed on the simulated specimens. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the material under tensile force. Through tensile testing, a series of tensile property characterization parameters can be obtained, such as yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation. These parameters reflect the material's deformability and strength level under different stress states. Tensile testing is a fundamental procedure in material mechanical property testing, providing important reference data for subsequent performance evaluation.

[0111] Next, notched impact tests were performed on the simulated specimens. Notched impact testing is primarily used to evaluate the toughness of materials under impact loads. By machining standard notches into the specimens, stress concentration under actual working conditions is simulated. Then, an impact load is applied to the specimens, and the energy absorbed is measured. This test can obtain parameters characterizing the ductile-brittle transition, such as impact absorbed energy and the ductile-brittle transition temperature. These parameters are crucial for assessing the fracture risk of materials under low-temperature or high-stress conditions, especially in applications with extremely high safety requirements, such as nuclear power equipment.

[0112] In addition, fracture toughness tests were performed on the simulated specimens. Fracture toughness testing is an important means of evaluating a material's resistance to fracture in the presence of a crack. By introducing a pre-existing crack into the specimen and applying tensile or bending loads, fracture toughness characterization parameters of the material, such as fracture toughness values ​​(KIC or JIC) and crack propagation resistance curves (JR curves), are measured. These parameters reflect the material's resistance to crack propagation and are crucial for predicting the safety and reliability of materials in practical use.

[0113] Finally, the tensile property characterization parameters, ductile-brittle transition characterization parameters, and fracture toughness characterization parameters obtained from the above three testing methods are integrated to obtain the test data of the simulated part. This integration process is not merely a simple summary of data, but rather an evaluation of the impact of carbon segregation on the overall material properties through comprehensive analysis of different test results. For example, by comparing the tensile properties and impact toughness at different carbon contents, the specific effects of carbon segregation on the material's strength and toughness can be determined; by analyzing the fracture toughness test results, the impact of carbon segregation on crack propagation can be evaluated. These integrated test data provide a comprehensive basis for evaluating the impact of carbon segregation on the properties of alloy steel, which helps to optimize material design and manufacturing processes.

[0114] In step S105 of some embodiments, performance evaluation data corresponding to manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant and the simulant test data.

[0115] It should be noted that, based on the known carbon content of each alloy steel simulation component and the test data of the simulation components obtained in step S104, the quantitative relationship and critical threshold between carbon content and various mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics are determined through statistical analysis and mathematical modeling. Specifically, this can be achieved by fitting data points corresponding to different carbon contents to establish a functional relationship between performance and carbon content, identifying the inflection point where performance deteriorates sharply, thereby clarifying the safe upper limit and risk range of carbon content in manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel. The resulting performance evaluation data can be directly used to guide material selection, quality control, and safety assessment of nuclear power equipment, realizing the transformation from experimental data to engineering applications and demonstrating the timeliness advantage of this application.

[0116] According to some embodiments of this application, before determining the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts in step S105, the following may be included: The microstructure and appearance of the simulated specimens were examined to determine their microstructure and morphological characteristics. Fracture appearance inspection was performed on the simulated specimen to determine the fracture morphology characteristics of the simulated specimen. Carbide appearance testing was performed on the simulated specimens to determine the carbide morphology characteristics of the simulated specimens. Integrate the microstructure morphology, fracture morphology, and carbide morphology to determine the appearance characteristics of the simulated part; In step S105, based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts, the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined, which may include: Based on the carbon content, test data, and appearance characteristics of each alloy steel simulation part, performance evaluation data corresponding to manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel were determined.

[0117] It should be noted that, in some embodiments of this application, in order to more comprehensively evaluate the performance of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel, the technical solution adds a series of appearance inspection steps for simulated specimens before finalizing the performance evaluation data. These steps aim to supplement and refine the performance test data through multi-dimensional microstructure analysis, thereby providing richer information for the final performance evaluation.

[0118] First, the microstructure of the simulated specimens is examined. This process involves observing the material's microstructure using optical microscopy or other microscopic analysis techniques to determine its morphological characteristics. These morphological characteristics reflect the material's microstructure evolution during heat treatment and forging, such as grain size and phase distribution. This information is crucial for understanding the material's mechanical properties, as the microstructure directly determines its strength, toughness, and ductility.

[0119] Next, the fracture surface of the simulated specimens was examined. The fracture morphology was obtained by observing the surface morphology of the material after fracture using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fracture morphology can reveal the fracture mechanism during the fracture process, such as whether it is ductile or brittle fracture. This information is crucial for assessing the fracture risk and reliability of materials in practical use, especially in applications with extremely high safety requirements, such as nuclear power equipment.

[0120] In addition, carbide appearance testing was performed on the simulated specimens. Carbide morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or other high-resolution analytical methods. The morphology, size, and distribution of carbides have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the material, especially under high temperature and high stress conditions. Carbide appearance testing can determine whether the carbides are uniformly distributed and whether there are any adverse phenomena such as large carbide agglomerations.

[0121] After completing the above tests, the morphological characteristics of the microstructure, fracture surface, and carbide morphology were integrated to determine the apparent characteristics of the simulated part. This integration process is not merely a simple data summary, but a comprehensive evaluation of the material's microstructure through integrated analysis of different test results. The determination of the simulated part's apparent characteristics provides a microstructural basis for the final performance evaluation, ensuring that the evaluation is based not only on macroscopic mechanical property test data but also on the results of microstructural analysis.

[0122] In the final performance evaluation step, performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel are determined based on the carbon content, test data, and apparent characteristics of each alloy steel simulation part. This process combines macroscopic mechanical property test results with microstructural analysis results, and by comprehensively considering carbon content, mechanical properties, and microstructural characteristics, a more comprehensive and accurate performance evaluation conclusion is obtained. This comprehensive evaluation method not only reflects the changes in the mechanical properties of materials under different carbon contents, but also reveals the influence mechanism of microstructure on performance, providing a scientific basis for optimizing material design and manufacturing processes.

[0123] According to some embodiments of this application, performance evaluation data corresponding to manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part, the simulation part test data, and the appearance characteristics of the simulation part. This may include: Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts, a mapping data of the effect of carbon content on the performance of the alloy steel simulation parts is constructed. Based on the apparent characteristics and test data of the simulated parts, we establish characterization information on the performance of alloy steel simulated parts based on the apparent characteristics of the simulated parts. Based on the actual measurement comparison of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel and corresponding alloy steel simulation parts, quantitative data on the effectiveness of the simulation were determined. The performance of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel was evaluated based on performance impact mapping data, performance reveal characterization information, and simulation validity quantification data, resulting in performance evaluation data.

[0124] It should be noted that, in some embodiments of this application, the process of determining the performance evaluation data of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is a comprehensive analysis process involving multiple steps, each of which is closely linked to ensure that the final performance evaluation data can accurately reflect the influence of carbon content on material properties.

[0125] First, based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant and its test data, a mapping data structure was constructed to determine the effect of carbon content on the performance of the alloy steel simulants. The purpose of this process was to establish a quantitative relationship between carbon content and performance by analyzing test data at different carbon contents. For example, tensile property test data can be used to determine the effect of carbon content on yield strength and tensile strength; impact property test data can be used to determine the effect of carbon content on the ductile-brittle transition temperature. These relationships were compiled into mapping data, providing a foundation for subsequent performance evaluation.

[0126] Next, based on the apparent characteristics and test data of the simulated parts, characterization information revealing the performance of the alloy steel simulated parts based on these apparent characteristics is established. The purpose of this step is to link microstructural features with macroscopic performance test results. For example, observing the morphology and distribution of carbides can explain why some simulated parts exhibit lower toughness in impact tests. Similarly, analyzing fracture morphology can reveal the microscopic mechanisms of the material during fracture. This characterization information provides a microscopic explanation for understanding performance variations.

[0127] Then, based on the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel and corresponding alloy steel simulants, actual measurements were compared to determine the quantitative data of the simulation's effectiveness. The purpose of this step is to verify whether the simulants can accurately reflect the performance of actual large-scale manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel. By comparing the test data of the simulants with the performance data of actual large-scale forgings, the deviation of the simulants in performance can be quantified. For example, the percentage deviation between the simulants and actual forgings in tensile strength, impact toughness, etc., can be calculated. This quantitative data provides a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the simulants.

[0128] Finally, the performance of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel was evaluated based on performance impact mapping data, performance revealing characterization information, and simulation validity quantification data, yielding performance evaluation data. This process is the final stage of comprehensive analysis, combining the quantitative relationship between carbon content and performance, the influence of microstructure characteristics on performance, and the validity data of the simulated parts to arrive at a comprehensive performance evaluation conclusion. For example, if the performance impact mapping data of the simulated parts indicates that increased carbon content leads to a decrease in toughness, while the appearance characterization information shows that carbide coarsening is the cause of the decrease in toughness, and the simulation validity quantification data shows that the performance deviation between the simulated parts and the actual forgings is within an acceptable range, then it can be concluded that an increase in carbon content does indeed have a negative impact on the toughness of manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel. This comprehensive evaluation method not only provides accurate performance data but also provides a scientific basis for material design and process optimization.

[0129] The performance evaluation apparatus for alloy steel according to embodiments of this application may include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the alloy steel performance testing requirements and steelmaking raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel. The simulation component benchmark determination module is used to determine the design benchmark of the simulation component that matches the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the performance testing requirements of alloy steel. The alloy smelting module is used to smelt steel raw materials according to the design benchmark of the simulation parts to obtain multiple alloy steel simulation parts. The carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulation parts is different, and the alloy elements of the multiple alloy steel simulation parts, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specifications. The simulated component performance testing module is used to perform performance tests based on multiple alloy steel simulated components and obtain simulated component test data. The alloy steel performance evaluation module is used to determine the performance evaluation data corresponding to manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts.

[0130] It is evident that the content of the above embodiments of the performance evaluation method for alloy steel is applicable to the embodiments of this performance evaluation device for alloy steel. The specific functions implemented by this embodiment of the performance evaluation device for alloy steel are the same as those of the above embodiments of the performance evaluation method for alloy steel, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above embodiments of the performance evaluation method for alloy steel.

[0131] Reference Figure 10 , Figure 10 This illustration shows the hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment. The electronic device may include: The processor 1001 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. The memory 1002 can be implemented as a read-only memory (ROM), static storage device, dynamic storage device, or random access memory (RAM). The memory 1002 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1002 and is called and executed by the processor 1001 to execute the performance evaluation method for alloy steel according to the embodiments of this application. Input / output interface 1003 is used to implement information input and output; The communication interface 1004 is used to enable communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Communication can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.). Bus 1005 transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 1001, memory 1002, input / output interface 1003, and communication interface 1004); The processor 1001, memory 1002, input / output interface 1003 and communication interface 1004 are connected to each other within the device via bus 1005.

[0132] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. A processor of a computer device reads and executes the computer program, causing the computer device to perform the aforementioned performance evaluation method for alloy steel.

[0133] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in this disclosure and the foregoing drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “including,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0134] It should be understood that in this disclosure, "at least one item" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0135] It should be understood that in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than", "less than", "exceeding" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself.

[0136] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0137] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0138] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0139] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium may include: a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0140] It should also be understood that the various implementation methods provided in this application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0141] The above is a detailed description of the embodiments of this disclosure. However, this disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A performance evaluation method for alloy steel, characterized in that, include: To obtain the alloy steel performance testing requirements and steelmaking raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel; Based on the performance testing requirements of the alloy steel, a design benchmark for a simulated component matching the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel was determined. According to the design criteria of the simulated parts, alloy smelting is carried out on the steel raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulated parts; wherein, the carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts is different, and the alloy elements of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specifications. Performance tests were conducted on multiple alloy steel simulants to obtain simulant test data. Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant and the test data of the simulants, performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves alloy smelting of the steel raw materials to obtain multiple alloy steel simulation parts, including: The steelmaking raw materials are smelted to obtain multiple steel ingots with different carbon contents. Multiple steel ingots are forged using an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents. For each group of forged plates, post-forging heat treatment is performed according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain the alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates. Performance tests were conducted on the alloy steel simulation component to obtain performance evaluation results.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before forging multiple steel ingots according to an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents, the process further includes: The actual forging process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined, and the actual forging process of the alloy steel is adjusted to determine the simulated forging process of the alloy steel. Before performing post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain the alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates, the method further includes: The actual heat treatment process of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is determined, and the actual heat treatment process of the alloy steel is adjusted to determine the simulated heat treatment process of the alloy steel.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process involves forging multiple steel ingots using an alloy steel simulated forging process to form multiple sets of forged plates with varying carbon contents, including: A high-speed forging machine that meets the preset tonnage conditions is identified as the forging equipment; The forging equipment is used to perform multiple upsetting and drawing operations on each steel ingot, so that each steel ingot undergoes a plastic deformation process. During the plastic deformation process of each steel ingot, the initial forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset initial forging temperature range by controlling the forging equipment, and the final forging temperature of each steel ingot is limited to a preset final forging temperature range. After each of the steel ingots undergoes a plastic deformation process, multiple sets of forged plates with different carbon contents are obtained; wherein, multiple sets of forged plates all conform to the design criteria of the simulated part.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of performing multiple upsetting and drawing operations on each of the steel ingots using the forging equipment includes: Carbon segregation assessment was performed on each of the steel ingots to determine the severely segregated areas corresponding to each steel ingot. The severely segregated regions corresponding to each of the steel ingots are removed to obtain forging billets; The forging equipment is used to perform multiple upsetting and drawing operations on each forging billet.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The post-forging heat treatment of each group of forged plates according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process includes: The forged plate is heated to an intermediate plateau temperature below the normalizing temperature range, and the forged plate is held at the intermediate plateau temperature for a first holding time. After the forged plate is held at the intermediate plateau temperature for a first holding time, the forged plate is heated to the normalizing temperature range, and the forged plate is held at the normalizing temperature range for a second holding time. After the forged plate is held at the normalizing temperature range for a second holding time, the forged plate is placed in air to cool in order to perform the normalizing operation. After normalizing the forged plate, the forged plate is heated to the tempering temperature range and held at the tempering temperature range for a third holding time. After the forged plate is held at the tempering temperature range for a third holding time, the forged plate is placed in air to recool.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The forging process involves performing post-forging heat treatment on each group of forged plates using a simulated alloy steel heat treatment process to obtain alloy steel simulated parts corresponding to each group of forged plates, including: For each group of forged plates, post-forging heat treatment is performed according to the alloy steel simulated heat treatment process to obtain intermediate simulated parts. The intermediate simulation part is subjected to segmented heat treatment with heat preservation to simulate post-weld heat treatment, thereby obtaining the alloy steel simulation part.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The segmented heat treatment with heat preservation after welding of the intermediate simulated component to obtain the alloy steel simulated component includes: Obtain the heating rate change threshold, the cooling rate change threshold, the first heating rate, the second heating rate, the first cooling rate, and the second cooling rate; The intermediate simulation component is heated based on the first heating rate. In response to the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaching the heating rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation component is heated based on the second heating rate until the temperature of the intermediate simulation component reaches a preset first heating plateau range, so that the intermediate simulation component is kept at the first heating plateau range for a first segmented holding time. After the intermediate simulation part is kept at the first heating platform range for a first segmented holding time, the forged plate is heated to the second heating platform range, and the intermediate simulation part is kept at the second heating platform range for a second segmented holding time. After the intermediate simulation part is kept at the second heating platform range for a second segmented holding time, the intermediate simulation part is cooled based on the second cooling rate. In response to the temperature of the intermediate simulation part reaching the cooling rate change threshold, the intermediate simulation part is further cooled based on the first cooling rate to obtain the alloy steel simulation part.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The acquisition of the heating rate change threshold, cooling rate change threshold, first heating rate, second heating rate, first cooling rate, and second cooling rate includes: Obtain the threshold values ​​for heating rate change and cooling rate change; For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is lower than the heating rate change threshold, the first heating rate is set. For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is higher than the heating rate change threshold, a second heating rate is set; wherein, the first heating rate is higher than the second heating rate; For the intermediate simulation component whose temperature is lower than the cooling rate change threshold, the first cooling rate is set. For a state where the temperature of the intermediate simulation component is higher than the cooling rate change threshold, a second cooling rate is set; wherein, the first cooling rate is higher than the second cooling rate.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performance testing based on multiple alloy steel simulants yields simulant test data, including: For each of the aforementioned alloy steel simulation parts, several segregation-sensitive regions are marked; Hardness analysis was performed on several segregation-sensitive regions to identify high-carbon segregation micro-regions. According to the predetermined sample reference specifications and the high carbon segregation micro-region, the alloy steel simulation part is adapted and processed to obtain the simulation part sample; The performance of the simulated specimen was tested to obtain the test data of the simulated specimen.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The performance testing of the simulated specimen to obtain test data for the simulated specimen includes: Tensile processing tests were performed on the simulated specimen to obtain tensile property characterization parameters. Notched impact tests were performed on the simulated specimens to obtain the ductile-brittle transition characterization parameters. Fracture toughness tests were performed on the simulated specimen to obtain fracture toughness characterization parameters. The test data of the simulated part are obtained by integrating the tensile property characterization parameters, the ductile-brittle transition characterization parameters, and the fracture toughness characterization parameters.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, Before determining the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant and the test data of the simulants, the method further includes: The microstructure of the simulated specimen is examined to determine its morphological characteristics. The fracture surface appearance of the simulated specimen is inspected to determine the fracture morphology characteristics of the simulated specimen. Carbide appearance testing was performed on the simulated specimen to determine the carbide morphology characteristics of the simulated specimen. The tissue morphology features, the fracture morphology features, and the carbide morphology features are integrated to determine the appearance features of the simulated part; The step of determining the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts includes: Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant, the test data of the simulants, and the appearance characteristics of the simulants, performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel are determined.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The determination of performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulant, the simulant test data, and the simulant appearance characteristics includes: Based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts, a mapping data of the effect of carbon content on the performance of the alloy steel simulation parts is constructed. Based on the apparent features of the simulated part and the test data of the simulated part, establish performance revealing and characterizing information of the apparent features of the simulated part for the alloy steel simulated part; Based on the actual measurement comparison between the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel and the corresponding alloy steel simulation parts, the quantitative data of simulation effectiveness are determined. The performance of the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel is evaluated based on the performance impact mapping data, the performance reveal characterization information, and the simulation effectiveness quantification data to obtain the performance evaluation data.

14. A performance evaluation device for alloy steel, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the alloy steel performance testing requirements and steelmaking raw materials for manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel. The simulation component benchmark determination module is used to determine the simulation component design benchmark that matches the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the performance testing requirements of the alloy steel. The alloy smelting module is used to perform alloy smelting on the steel raw materials according to the design benchmark of the simulated parts, to obtain multiple alloy steel simulated parts; wherein the carbon content of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts is different, and the alloy elements of the multiple alloy steel simulated parts, except for the carbon content, all meet the predetermined nuclear power material specifications. The simulated component performance testing module is used to perform performance tests on multiple alloy steel simulated components to obtain simulated component test data. The alloy steel performance evaluation module is used to determine the performance evaluation data corresponding to the manganese-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel based on the carbon content of each alloy steel simulation part and the test data of the simulation parts.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the performance evaluation method for alloy steel as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a program that is executed by a processor to implement the performance evaluation method for alloy steel as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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