System and method for spontaneous electricity coupled lithium recovery from spent batteries and carbon capture from flue gas

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of resource recycling and carbon capture, and specifically discloses a system and method for self-power generation coupled with waste battery lithium recovery and flue gas carbon capture. The system comprises a liquid flow battery separated by an anion exchange membrane, wherein a waste lithium iron phosphate pole piece and an electrolyte chamber are arranged on the negative electrode side, and a metal-based catalyst and a gas chamber are arranged on the positive electrode side. The method directly uses the waste pole piece as the negative electrode, and releases lithium ions through oxidation reaction under the driving of the potential difference; at the same time, flue gas is introduced into the positive electrode side, oxygen is reduced to form hydroxyl on the surface of the catalyst, and then CO2 is captured to be converted into carbonate; the carbonate migrates to the negative electrode side to combine with lithium ions to form lithium carbonate. The application realizes self-power generation based on the potential difference between the positive electrode oxygen reduction and the negative electrode lithium oxidation, does not need an external power supply, simultaneously completes efficient lithium resource recovery and flue gas carbon capture, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost and environmental friendliness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium recovery and carbon capture, and particularly to a system and method for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recovery from waste batteries and carbon capture from flue gas. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, as the core power source for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid energy storage, are experiencing a rapid increase in their retirement scale, with the global total projected to reach 3.5 million tons by 2030. However, currently only about 6% of spent batteries are effectively recycled, resulting in a huge waste of lithium, cobalt, nickel, and other metal resources. While traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling processes can extract resources, they suffer from drawbacks such as high energy consumption, high pollution, and long cycles. In contrast, electrochemical methods, which use electrons as "green redox reagents," offer advantages such as simple processes, high economic efficiency, and environmental friendliness, making them a highly promising research direction.

[0003] Meanwhile, carbon dioxide, as a major greenhouse gas, poses a severe threat to the global climate and ecosystems due to its excessive emissions. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is a key strategy to address this challenge. However, existing mainstream technologies such as amine washing and calcium-based cycling rely on energy-intensive thermal cycles, while porous solid adsorbents face problems such as poor cycle stability and insufficient moisture resistance. Electrochemical carbon capture technology, with its advantages of high energy efficiency, mild operating conditions, and simple system, is receiving widespread research attention.

[0004] It is worth noting that although electrochemical methods have shown potential in both lithium recovery and carbon capture, no research has yet coupled the electrochemical recovery of lithium from spent batteries with the electrochemical capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas within the same battery system. Furthermore, existing standalone electrochemical recovery or capture technologies heavily rely on external power input, and the high cost of electricity limits their economic viability and hinders large-scale deployment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, one objective of this invention is to propose a system and method for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas. This is based on the oxidation potential (E) of lithium iron phosphate. θ =0.5 V vs RHE) is lower than the oxygen reduction potential (E θ The invention utilizes the characteristic of 1.23 V vs RHE to drive the flow battery to generate electricity through the electrode potential difference. This allows for simultaneous recovery of lithium resources from spent batteries and capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas, without requiring external power input, and a one-step synthesis of lithium carbonate. This invention contributes to promoting a closed-loop power battery industry chain and efficient treatment of industrial waste gas, providing a novel solution for resource recycling and emission reduction technologies under the background of carbon neutrality.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas, comprising: Flow battery 1; An anion exchange membrane 2 separates the flow battery 1 into a negative electrode side 11 and a positive electrode side 12. The negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3, located on the negative electrode side 11, is used to contain an aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte and is provided with a negative electrode electrolyte inlet 31 and a negative electrode reaction product outlet 32. Gas chamber 4, located on the positive electrode side 12, is used to introduce flue gas and is provided with gas inlet 41 and gas outlet 42; Waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheet 5 is disposed on the negative electrode side 11 as a negative electrode; The metal-based catalyst 6 is loaded on the surface of the anion exchange membrane 2 on the positive electrode side and is bonded to porous carbon paper to serve as the positive electrode, which is used to catalyze the reduction reaction of oxygen in flue gas.

[0007] Further improvements to the system that couples self-generated electricity with waste battery lithium recycling and flue gas carbon capture: Preferably, the anion exchange membrane 2 is one of the following: quaternary ammonium salt type, tertiary amine type, secondary amine type, primary amine type, pyridinium type, or imidazolium type anion exchange membrane.

[0008] Preferably, the aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte includes one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium perchlorate, or potassium perchlorate.

[0009] Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte is 0.1 to 3 mol / L.

[0010] Preferably, the metal-based catalyst 6 is one or more of a platinum-based catalyst, a palladium-based catalyst, a transition metal nitrogen-carbon catalyst, a single-atom catalyst, or a transition metal oxide / hydroxide.

[0011] Preferably, the loading of the metal-based catalyst 6 is 0.5~3 mg / cm².

[0012] Preferably, the current collector of the waste lithium iron phosphate electrode 5 is one or more of aluminum foil, carbon-coated aluminum foil, or porous / foamed aluminum current collector.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3 is 2 to 4 millimeters.

[0014] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for self-generated power coupled with lithium recovery from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas, implemented using any one of the self-generated power coupled with lithium recovery from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas described above, comprising the following steps: S1. Flue gas is introduced into the gas chamber 4, and aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte is circulated into the negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3. The waste lithium iron phosphate electrode 5 and the metal-based catalyst 6 are connected to the electrochemical workstation, and a constant current discharge mode is adopted. S2. Driven by the potential difference, oxygen in the flue gas undergoes a reduction reaction on the surface of the metal-based catalyst 6 to generate hydroxide ions, which react with carbon dioxide in the flue gas to generate carbonate ions. The carbonate ions migrate through the anion exchange membrane 2 to the negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3. The negative electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction to release lithium ions, which combine with the migrated carbonate ions to generate lithium carbonate.

[0015] Further improvements can be made to the method of coupling self-generated power with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas: Preferably, the flue gas in step S1 is selected from the flue gas emitted by coal-fired power plants, steel plants and cement plants, and the flow rate is 50 to 200 mL / min; the current density of the constant current discharge in step S2 is 0.1 to 2 mA / cm².

[0016] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: (1) This invention provides a system and method for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recovery from waste batteries and carbon capture from flue gas. It directly utilizes waste lithium iron phosphate electrodes as electrode materials and recovers lithium elements through an electrochemical method. The positive and negative electrodes are connected through an electrochemical workstation, and a discharge experiment is conducted in constant current mode. Under the action of the electrode potential difference, the lithium iron phosphate electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction to release lithium ions. Oxygen in the flue gas undergoes an oxygen reduction reaction on the surface of the metal-based catalyst to generate hydroxide ions. The hydroxide ions further react with carbon dioxide in the flue gas to generate carbonate ions. The generated carbonate ions migrate through the anion exchange membrane to the negative electrode electrolyte chamber and combine with lithium ions to generate lithium carbonate.

[0017] (2) Compared with traditional wet or pyrometallurgical processes, the method of the present invention omits steps such as mechanical stripping, high-temperature roasting and chemical leaching, which significantly simplifies the process flow and reduces pretreatment energy consumption. In addition, compared with other existing self-generating lithium removal technologies, this system uses an aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte to replace the organic lithium salt system. Therefore, the entire operation does not need to be carried out in an inert atmosphere, which significantly reduces the site requirements for flow battery assembly.

[0018] (3) This invention utilizes the reduction reaction of oxygen in flue gas to generate hydroxide ions at the electrode interface, thereby achieving in-situ capture of carbon dioxide. The entire process only requires a continuous flow of flue gas, eliminating the need for additional alkaline solutions or amine chemical reagents compared to traditional carbon capture methods. Furthermore, the captured carbon dioxide, after being converted into carbonate ions, can be directly used as a precipitant for lithium ions, generating lithium carbonate in one step. This reduces the consumption of additional precipitants, significantly simplifies the process, and lowers lithium recovery costs.

[0019] (4) The oxidation potential of the oxidation reaction of waste lithium iron phosphate electrode is E θ =0.5 V vs RHE, the reduction potential for oxygen to be reduced to hydroxide ions is E θ =1.23 V vs RHE. Because the reduction potential is higher than the oxidation potential, the flow battery can achieve self-generating power without an external power source. This invention utilizes the potential difference between the oxidation potential and the oxygen reduction reaction potential of lithium iron phosphate to construct a self-generating flow battery system that simultaneously drives lithium recovery from spent batteries and carbon capture in flue gas. At 0.2 mA / cm² 2 Under constant current density discharge conditions, the flow battery exhibits excellent performance: lithium recovery efficiency reaches 98.6%, CO2 capture efficiency reaches 98.3%, and output energy density reaches 38 uWh / cm³. 2 This verified its ability to simultaneously and efficiently recover lithium and capture carbon. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a self-generating coupled waste battery lithium recycling and flue gas carbon capture system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a self-generating coupled waste battery lithium recycling and flue gas carbon capture method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a graph showing the open-circuit potential test results of Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 The XRD test results are for the recovered product in Example 3 of this invention; Figure 5 This is a graph showing the constant current discharge curve results of Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 The graph shows the lithium recovery efficiency and carbon capture efficiency results of Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 The graph shows the lithium recovery efficiency and carbon capture efficiency results of Example 4 of the present invention; Figure 8 The graph shows the lithium recovery efficiency and carbon capture efficiency results of Example 5 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure labeling: 1-Flow battery; 11-Negative electrode side; 12-Positive electrode side; 2-Anion exchange membrane; 3- Negative electrode electrolyte chamber; 31- Negative electrode electrolyte inlet; 32- Negative electrode reaction product outlet; 4-Gas chamber; 41-Gas inlet; 42-Gas outlet; 5- Waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheets; 6-Metal-based catalysts. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. These embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, but their content should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.

[0024] The terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, terms such as “comprising” or “including” indicate the presence of the described features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This embodiment provides a system for self-generated power coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas, as shown in the structural diagram below. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: Flow battery 1; An anion exchange membrane 2 separates the flow battery 1 into a negative electrode side 11 and a positive electrode side 12; the anion exchange membrane 2 is one of the following: quaternary ammonium salt type, tertiary amine type, secondary amine type, primary amine type, pyridinium type or imidazolium type anion exchange membrane.

[0027] The negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3, located on the negative electrode side 11, is used to contain an aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte and is provided with a negative electrode electrolyte inlet 31 and a negative electrode reaction product outlet 32; the thickness of the negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3 is 3 mm; the aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte includes one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium perchlorate, or potassium perchlorate, with a concentration of 0.1 to 3 mol / L.

[0028] Gas chamber 4, located on the positive electrode side 12, is used to introduce flue gas and is provided with gas inlet 41 and gas outlet 42; Waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheet 5 is disposed on the negative electrode side 11 as a negative electrode; the current collector of the waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheet 5 is one or more of aluminum foil, carbon-coated aluminum foil or porous / foamed aluminum current collector.

[0029] A metal-based catalyst 6 is supported on the positive electrode side surface of the anion exchange membrane 2 and is placed on the positive electrode side 12 after being bonded to porous carbon paper, serving as a positive electrode for catalyzing the reduction reaction of oxygen in flue gas; the metal-based catalyst 6 is one or more of platinum-based catalysts, palladium-based catalysts, transition metal nitrogen-carbon catalysts, single-atom catalysts, or transition metal oxides / hydroxides.

[0030] Specifically, the preparation steps for the positive electrode are as follows: Weigh the metal-based catalyst powder, add isopropanol and Nafion solution, and sonicate to uniformly disperse the catalyst particles, thus obtaining catalyst ink. Use a spray gun to uniformly spray the ink onto the positive electrode side surface of the anion exchange membrane, then tightly press it with porous carbon paper and place it on the positive electrode side 12. The loading of the metal-based catalyst is controlled at 0.5~3 mg / cm³. 2 Preferably 2 mg / cm 2 .

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This embodiment provides a method for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas, employing... Figure 1 The system shown in the figure has a specific process as described. Figure 2 The process includes the following steps: S1. Flue gas is introduced into the gas chamber 4, and at the same time, an aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte is circulated into the negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3 through a peristaltic pump; the concentration of the aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte is any value between 0 and 3 mol / L, preferably 0.5 mol / L.

[0033] The waste lithium iron phosphate electrode 5 and the metal-based catalyst 6 are connected to an electrochemical workstation; the current density range for the constant current discharge experiment is set to 0.1~2 mA / cm². 2 Any value between; S2. Driven by the potential difference, oxygen in the flue gas undergoes a reduction reaction on the surface of the metal-based catalyst 6 to generate hydroxide ions, which react with carbon dioxide in the flue gas to generate carbonate ions. The carbonate ions migrate through the anion exchange membrane 2 to the negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3, where they combine with lithium ions released from the negative electrode oxidation reaction to generate lithium carbonate.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process of releasing lithium ions through oxidation of waste lithium iron phosphate electrodes is shown in (1). LiFePO4- e- → Li + + FePO4 formula (1) According to an embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen reduction reaction of oxygen in the flue gas is as shown in equation (2). O2 + 2H2O + 4e - → 4OH - Equation (2) According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process of carbon dioxide forming carbonate ions in flue gas is shown in equation (3). CO2 + 2OH - → CO3 2- Equation (3) According to an embodiment of the present invention, the generated carbonate ions migrate through the anion exchange membrane to the negative electrode electrolyte chamber and combine with lithium ions to form the product lithium carbonate, as shown in formula (4). 2Li + + CO3 2- → Li2CO3 (Formula 4) According to an embodiment of the present invention, the oxidation potential of the oxidation reaction of waste lithium iron phosphate electrodes is E. θ =0.5 V vsRHE, the reduction potential for oxygen to be reduced to hydroxide ions is E θ =1.23 V vs RHE. Because the reduction potential is higher than the oxidation potential, the flow battery can achieve self-generating function without external power supply, and simultaneously drive lithium recycling of waste batteries and carbon capture of flue gas.

[0035] The following schematically illustrates a system and method for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas. It should be emphasized that this embodiment is merely an illustrative example of the invention and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the invention.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] This embodiment provides a system for self-generated power coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the examples, the specific preparation is as follows: Waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheets are cut into 3 cm × 3 cm sizes, and the carbon-coated aluminum foil side is attached to the bipolar plate on the negative electrode side of the flow battery as the negative electrode. Weigh 10 mg of platinum-carbon catalyst powder, add 2 mL of isopropanol and 100 μL of Nafion solution, and ultrasonically disperse for 0.5 hours to prepare a uniform catalyst ink. Use a spray gun to uniformly spray the ink onto the surface of the positive electrode side of the anion exchange membrane, controlling the spraying area to be 3 cm × 3 cm, and the platinum-carbon catalyst loading to be 1 mg / cm². 2It is then tightly bonded with porous carbon paper to serve as the positive electrode.

[0038] The specific workflow is as follows: S1. Flue gas (emission from a coal-fired power plant) is introduced into the gas chamber 4 at a flow rate of 100 mL / min. Simultaneously, an aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte (0.5 mol / L potassium sulfate) is circulated into the negative electrode electrolyte chamber 3 via a peristaltic pump. The flue gas composition, as tested, is as follows: 73-77% N2, 15-16% CO2, 5-7% H2O, 3-4% O2. 1% SO2 and NO X .

[0039] The waste lithium iron phosphate electrode and the metal-based catalyst are connected to the electrochemical workstation; first, an open-circuit potential test is performed to obtain the equilibrium electromotive force of the two electrodes; then, the constant current discharge mode is switched and the discharge current density is set to 0.2 mA / cm².

[0040] S2. Driven by the potential difference, oxygen in the flue gas undergoes a reduction reaction on the surface of the metal-based catalyst to generate hydroxide ions, which then react with carbon dioxide in the flue gas to generate carbonate ions. The carbonate ions migrate through the anion exchange membrane to the negative electrode electrolyte chamber. The negative electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction to release lithium ions, which combine with the migrated carbonate ions to generate lithium carbonate.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the open-circuit potential test results of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the electromotive force for the oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions of waste lithium iron phosphate electrodes is 0.45 V.

[0042] Figure 4 The above are the XRD test results of the recovered product from Example 3 of this invention. Figure 4 As shown, the XRD pattern of the product obtained by the self-generated power coupled waste battery lithium recovery and flue gas carbon capture method of the present invention is completely matched with the lithium carbonate standard card (PDF#00-022-1141), indicating that the recovered product is high-purity lithium carbonate.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the constant current discharge curve results of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the output energy density of the flow battery reaches 38 uWh / cm³. 2 This indicates that the self-generating coupled waste battery lithium recycling and flue gas carbon capture system of the present invention can achieve effective discharge.

[0044] Figure 6 The graph shows the lithium recovery efficiency and carbon capture efficiency results obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and titration methods in Example 3, respectively. Figure 6 As shown, the lithium recovery efficiency of waste lithium iron phosphate electrodes is 98.6%, and the carbon capture efficiency of the cathode is 98.3%. This indicates that the self-generating coupled waste battery lithium recovery and flue gas carbon capture method of the present invention simultaneously achieves the ability of highly efficient lithium recovery and carbon capture.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] The same self-generating coupled waste battery lithium recycling and flue gas carbon capture method as in Example 3 is used, except that in step S1, the constant current discharge current density is 0.1 mA / cm².

[0047] Figure 7 The graph shows the lithium recovery efficiency and carbon capture efficiency results for Example 4. Figure 7 As shown, the lithium recovery efficiency of waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheets is 98.0%, and the carbon capture efficiency of the cathode is 97.5%.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] The same self-generating coupled waste battery lithium recovery and flue gas carbon capture method as in Example 3 was used, except that in step S1, the constant current discharge current density was 0.3 mA / cm².

[0050] Figure 8 The graph shows the lithium recovery efficiency and carbon capture efficiency results for Example 5. Figure 8 As shown, the lithium recovery efficiency of waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheets is 40.2%, and the carbon capture efficiency of the cathode is 83.5%.

[0051] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas, characterized in that, include: Flow battery (1); An anion exchange membrane (2) separates the flow battery (1) into a negative electrode side (11) and a positive electrode side (12). The negative electrode electrolyte chamber (3), located on the negative electrode side (11), is used to contain aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte and is provided with a negative electrode electrolyte inlet (31) and a negative electrode reaction product outlet (32). The gas chamber (4), located on the positive electrode side (12), is used to introduce flue gas and is provided with a gas inlet (41) and a gas outlet (42). Waste lithium iron phosphate electrode sheet (5) is disposed on the negative electrode side (11) as a negative electrode; A metal-based catalyst (6) is loaded on the surface of the anion exchange membrane (2) on the positive electrode side and bonded with porous carbon paper to serve as the positive electrode for catalyzing the reduction reaction of oxygen in flue gas.

2. The system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anion exchange membrane (2) is one of the following: quaternary ammonium salt type, tertiary amine type, secondary amine type, primary amine type, pyridinium type or imidazolium type anion exchange membrane.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte includes one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium perchlorate, or potassium perchlorate.

4. The system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The concentration of the aqueous inorganic salt electrolyte is 0.1 to 3 mol / L.

5. The system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal-based catalyst (6) is one or more of the following: platinum-based catalyst, palladium-based catalyst, transition metal nitrogen-carbon catalyst, single-atom catalyst, or transition metal oxide / hydroxide.

6. The system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The loading of the metal-based catalyst (6) is 0.5~3 mg / cm².

7. The system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current collector of the waste lithium iron phosphate electrode (5) is one or more of aluminum foil, carbon-coated aluminum foil or porous / foamed aluminum current collector.

8. The system for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the negative electrode electrolyte chamber (3) is 2 to 4 millimeters.

9. A method for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recycling from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas, characterized in that, The system implemented according to any one of claims 1 to 8 includes the following steps: S1. Flue gas is introduced into the gas chamber (4), and water-based inorganic salt electrolyte is circulated into the negative electrode electrolyte chamber (3); the waste lithium iron phosphate electrode (5) and the metal-based catalyst (6) are connected to the electrochemical workstation and a constant current discharge mode is adopted. S2. Driven by the potential difference, oxygen in the flue gas undergoes a reduction reaction on the surface of the metal-based catalyst (6) to generate hydroxide ions, which react with carbon dioxide in the flue gas to generate carbonate ions. The carbonate ions migrate through the anion exchange membrane (2) to the negative electrode electrolyte chamber (3). The negative electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction to release lithium ions, which combine with the migrated carbonate ions to generate lithium carbonate.

10. The method for self-generated electricity coupled with lithium recovery from waste batteries and carbon capture in flue gas according to claim 9, characterized in that, The flue gas in step S1 is selected from the flue gas emitted by coal-fired power plants, steel plants and cement plants, and the flow rate is 30 to 100 mL / min; the current density of the constant current discharge in step S2 is 0.1 to 2 mA / cm².

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