A radio frequency wireless ad hoc network transmission method for distributed rock burst monitoring

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of distributed rock burst monitoring radio frequency wireless ad hoc network transmission methods, for the problems of existing rock burst monitoring system in deep tunnel and underground engineering environment, communication distance is limited, the transmission reliability of multiple measuring points is insufficient, node power consumption is higher and sensor structure is complex, by constructing hierarchical ad hoc network topology, and using analog acquisition and radio frequency coding integrated transmission mechanism, realize the low-power, high-reliable wireless transmission of rock burst precursor signal.Compared with the prior art, the present application can effectively reduce the complexity of the monitoring node structure, improve the communication stability and deployment flexibility of the system in the underground construction environment, realize the low-power, high-reliable wireless transmission of rock burst precursor information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering monitoring technology, specifically relating to the design of a radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of geotechnical engineering monitoring technology and radio frequency wireless communication technology, distributed rockburst monitoring systems based on wireless methods have gradually been applied. Existing distributed rockburst monitoring systems typically combine radio frequency wireless communication technology, distributed self-organizing network technology, and underground engineering Internet of Things architecture to achieve real-time acquisition and transmission of rockburst precursor signals during construction processes such as ventilation and slag removal, hazard removal and support, drilling and charging, thereby improving the safety monitoring capabilities during underground engineering construction.

[0003] However, deep tunnels and underground engineering projects are typically characterized by narrow spaces, enclosed structures, and complex environments. The surrounding rock structure significantly obstructs and attenuates wireless signal propagation. Furthermore, the dense concentration of equipment and numerous sources of electromagnetic interference at construction sites result in shortcomings in existing wireless transmission circuits regarding multi-point synchronous communication, transmission distance, anti-interference capabilities, and system reliability. In addition, existing monitoring nodes generally have high integration levels, with sensor terminals typically including digital processing and encoding circuits. This leads to complex node structures and high power consumption, hindering the long-term stable deployment of borehole-type or miniaturized rockburst monitoring probes.

[0004] While existing rockburst monitoring technologies have continuously evolved in terms of monitoring methods and data analysis, they still suffer from problems such as complex wireless transmission structures, high node power consumption, and insufficient adaptability to distributed deployment in complex underground environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rockburst monitoring radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method that simplifies the structure, adapts to distributed monitoring point deployment, and enables reliable wireless transmission in complex underground environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of limited communication distance, insufficient reliability of multi-point transmission, high node power consumption, and complex sensor structure in existing rockburst monitoring systems in deep tunnels and underground engineering environments. This invention proposes a distributed rockburst monitoring radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method, which can achieve low-power, high-reliability wireless transmission of rockburst precursor signals in complex underground construction environments, and improve the adaptability of distributed monitoring nodes and system stability.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: a radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring, comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the linear spatial structure of the tunnel or underground project, multiple rockburst monitoring nodes are deployed at the working face, sidewalls, arch, or borehole locations. Relay nodes are deployed at intervals along the tunnel line, and a master node is set up at the construction entrance or control area to construct a radio frequency wireless self-organizing network topology composed of monitoring nodes, relay nodes, and master nodes.

[0007] S2. At each monitoring node, rockburst precursor information is collected through rockburst monitoring sensors, and a simulated signal including rockburst precursor information is generated.

[0008] S3. After basic signal conditioning of the analog signal, it is input into the radio frequency communication circuit in the monitoring node for analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a digital signal.

[0009] S4. Encode the digital signal into a rockburst monitoring radio frequency data frame, and set the frame header, node identifier field, valid data field and check bit in the radio frequency data frame.

[0010] S5. The radio frequency data frames are transmitted wirelessly through the radio frequency wireless ad hoc network topology between the monitoring node and the relay node via multiple hops, and finally sent to the master node, realizing the radio frequency wireless ad hoc network transmission for distributed rockburst monitoring.

[0011] Furthermore, after each node powers on, it automatically selects the path with the highest link quality via radio frequency to form a decentralized multi-hop self-organizing network topology. The formula for calculating link quality is: in Represents a node i With nodes j Link quality between Represents a node i With nodes j The received signal strength between Represents a node i With nodes j The packet error rate between and All are weighting coefficients.

[0012] Furthermore, the optimal data transmission path between nodes in step S1 satisfy: in Indicates the first in the data transmission path k hop link quality, N Indicates the number of links in the data transmission path.

[0013] Furthermore, the relay nodes in step S1 are spaced along the axial direction of the tunnel or underground project. d Layout, spacingd satisfy: in Indicates the maximum spacing. Indicates the transmission power. Indicates the minimum received power. L Indicates the environmental depletion factor. Indicates the transmit antenna gain. Indicates the receiving antenna gain. Indicates the carrier wavelength.

[0014] Furthermore, the radio frequency communication circuit automatically adjusts the transmit power based on the communication distance between nodes or the received signal strength. : in Indicates the maximum allowable transmit power of the radio frequency communication circuit. This indicates the signal strength indicator value received by the current node from neighboring nodes. This indicates the preset reference received signal strength threshold.

[0015] Furthermore, the formula for the analog-to-digital conversion in step S3 is: in Represents a digital sampling sequence. Indicates the discrete sampling sequence number. This represents the analog signal output by the sensor. Represents a continuous-time variable. Indicates the sampling period.

[0016] Furthermore, the radio frequency communication circuit is an integrated transceiver circuit structure, integrating a radio frequency transceiver module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, and a data frame generation module. Its transmitted signal is represented as follows: in Indicates radio frequency transmission signal, This represents the amplitude of the baseband modulated signal after data frame encoding. Indicates the radio frequency carrier frequency. Indicates the initial phase of the carrier wave.

[0017] Furthermore, the rockburst monitoring sensor and the radio frequency communication circuit are connected only through an analog signal interface, and the total power consumption of the monitoring node meets the following requirements: in This indicates the overall power consumption of the monitoring node. This indicates the power consumption of the radio frequency communication circuit during data encoding, modulation, and wireless transmission and reception. This indicates the power consumption of the rockburst monitoring sensor and the analog signal conditioning circuit.

[0018] Furthermore, the frame header in step S4 is used to identify the rockburst monitoring data type, the node identifier field is used to distinguish different monitoring nodes, and the length of the radio frequency data frame is specified. for: in Indicates the frame header length. Indicates the length of the node identifier field. Indicates the length of the valid data field. Indicates the length of the check bit.

[0019] Furthermore, the check bit in step S4 is appended to the end of the radio frequency data frame to perform integrity checks on the radio frequency data frame during radio frequency wireless transmission, thereby reducing the impact of electromagnetic interference on data transmission in the tunnel construction environment. The check bit is generated through cyclic redundancy check or parity check. in C Indicates the check bit. This represents the information polynomial corresponding to the data to be verified. This represents the modulo-2 operation of a polynomial. This represents the generator polynomial for the check digit. The basic unit representing a polynomial.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) This invention constructs a hierarchical, centerless, multi-hop radio frequency wireless self-organizing network topology adapted to the linear spatial structure of tunnels and underground engineering. Through a three-level networking architecture of monitoring nodes, relay nodes and master nodes, combined with a link quality calculation model based on the dual-dimensional evaluation of received signal strength and bit error rate and an optimal transmission path selection algorithm, it solves the pain points of existing rockburst monitoring systems in deep, narrow, and enclosed underground spaces, such as limited communication distance, severe signal attenuation caused by surrounding rock blockage, and insufficient distributed transmission coverage of multiple measurement points. It breaks through the physical limitations of the enclosed structure of underground engineering on wireless transmission and greatly improves the deployment flexibility and full-area communication coverage of the rockburst monitoring system in complex construction environments.

[0021] (2) This invention proposes a low-power transmission mechanism that integrates analog acquisition and radio frequency encoding. It integrates analog-to-digital conversion, data frame generation, and radio frequency transceiver modulation functions into an integrated radio frequency communication circuit. The rockburst monitoring sensor end only retains analog signal output and basic signal conditioning links. The independent digital processing and encoding units are separated from the hardware architecture. This solves the industry pain points of existing monitoring node structure redundancy and complexity, high overall power consumption, and difficulty in adapting to the long-term stable deployment of borehole miniaturized monitoring probes. It significantly simplifies the hardware structure of monitoring nodes, reduces system operating power consumption, and improves the long-term deployment adaptability and operational stability of distributed measuring points in deep underground environments.

[0022] (3) The present invention designs a link quality adaptive communication path dynamic reconstruction and intelligent transmission power adjustment mechanism, which can evaluate the link quality between nodes in real time, automatically reselect the optimal transmission path when the communication link quality deteriorates or the node fails, and dynamically match the optimal transmission power according to the communication distance between nodes and the received signal strength. This solves the defects of the existing technology in the strong electromagnetic interference environment of underground construction, such as weak anti-interference ability, easy interruption of communication link, and redundant power consumption. It not only ensures the continuity and reliability of multi-hop wireless transmission, but also further realizes the fine control of node power consumption, achieving a two-way optimization of high transmission reliability and low power consumption.

[0023] (4) This invention defines a standardized radio frequency data frame structure and a matching data integrity verification mechanism for rockburst monitoring. Through the segmented frame structure design of frame header, node identifier field, valid data field and check bit, combined with the error detection scheme of cyclic redundancy check or parity check, it solves the problems of data being easily interfered with, insufficient data differentiation of multiple measurement points and inability to guarantee transmission integrity in the complex electromagnetic environment of tunnels in the existing wireless transmission scheme. It significantly reduces the data transmission error rate in strong interference construction scenarios. At the same time, the whole transmission method can be directly adapted to various rockburst monitoring sensors and engineering scenarios such as deep tunnels and underground caverns, and has a strong engineering implementation capability and industry promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0026] This invention provides a radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring, such as... Figure 1As shown, the process includes the following steps S1 to S5: S1. Based on the linear spatial structure of the tunnel or underground project, multiple rockburst monitoring nodes are deployed at the working face, sidewalls, arch, or borehole locations. Relay nodes are deployed at intervals along the tunnel line, and a master node is set up at the construction entrance or control area to construct a radio frequency wireless self-organizing network topology composed of monitoring nodes, relay nodes, and master nodes.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, after each node is powered on, it automatically selects the path with the highest link quality via radio frequency to form a decentralized multi-hop self-organizing network topology. The formula for calculating link quality is as follows: in Represents a node i With nodes j Link quality between Represents a node i With nodes j The received signal strength between Represents a node i With nodes j The packet error rate between and All are weighting coefficients.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, the radio frequency wireless ad hoc network topology is a hierarchical multi-hop structure, wherein the monitoring node is used to collect rockburst precursor signals, the relay node is used to forward the received radio frequency data frames, and the master node is used to summarize and receive the radio frequency data frames sent by each monitoring node and relay node.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the optimal data transmission path between nodes satisfy: in Indicates the first in the data transmission path k hop link quality, N Indicates the number of links in the data transmission path.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, the relay nodes are spaced along the axial direction of the tunnel or underground project. d Layout, spacing d satisfy: in Indicates the maximum spacing. Indicates the transmission power. Indicates the minimum received power. L Indicates the environmental depletion factor. Indicates the transmit antenna gain. Indicates the receiving antenna gain. Indicates the carrier wavelength. Spacing d The link budget model is used to determine the minimum received power at the receiver. It is used to form a stable multi-hop wireless transmission path between the monitoring node and the master node, thereby compensating for the propagation attenuation of radio frequency signals in narrow, enclosed underground spaces.

[0031] S2. At each monitoring node, rockburst monitoring sensors collect information on precursory rockbursts such as surrounding rock vibration, acoustic emission, or stress changes, and generate a simulated signal that includes the precursory rockburst information.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the rockburst monitoring sensor only outputs analog signals, and the sensor end does not participate in any digital signal processing or encoding operations.

[0033] S3. After basic signal conditioning of the analog signal, it is input into the radio frequency communication circuit in the monitoring node for analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a digital signal.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, basic signal conditioning includes amplification, filtering, and level matching processing.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the formula for analog-to-digital conversion is: in Represents a digital sampling sequence. This represents the discrete sampling index (sampling point index), which is a non-negative integer used to mark the first sampling point in the digital sampling sequence obtained after analog-to-digital conversion. The sampling point, corresponding to the sampling point Each discrete sampling time, This represents the analog signal output by the sensor. This represents a continuous-time variable, corresponding to the time dimension of the simulated precursor signal output by the rockburst monitoring sensor. The simulated signal changes with continuous time. A continuously varying amplitude signal, Indicates the sampling period.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the radio frequency communication circuit is an integrated transceiver circuit structure, which integrates a radio frequency transceiver module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, and a data frame generation module. The analog signal digitization, data frame generation, and radio frequency modulation processing are completed within the same circuit unit, thereby realizing an integrated structure for data acquisition and wireless transmission functions.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the radio frequency communication circuit automatically adjusts the transmission power based on the communication distance between nodes or the received signal strength. : in Indicates the maximum allowable transmit power of the radio frequency communication circuit. This indicates the signal strength indicator value received by the current node from neighboring nodes. This indicates a preset reference received signal strength threshold. The transmit power is automatically adjusted. This allows nearby nodes to use low-power transmission and distant nodes to use high-power transmission, thereby reducing overall node power consumption and signal interference.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the rockburst monitoring sensor and the radio frequency communication circuit are connected only through an analog signal interface, and the total power consumption of the monitoring node satisfies: in This indicates the overall power consumption of the monitoring node. This indicates the power consumption of the radio frequency communication circuit during data encoding, modulation, and wireless transmission and reception. This indicates the power consumption of the rockburst monitoring sensor and analog signal conditioning circuit. The overall power consumption of the monitoring node does not include a power consumption item for the digital processing unit, which structurally reduces the power consumption overhead caused by the independent digital processing unit and improves long-term deployment stability. The sensor end does not contain a microcontroller unit or digital communication interface, which structurally separates the analog acquisition part from the digital communication part.

[0039] S4. Encode the digital signal into a rockburst monitoring radio frequency data frame, and set the frame header, node identifier field, valid data field, and check bit in the radio frequency data frame: in Indicates radio frequency data frame, H Indicates the frame header, ID Indicates the node identifier. D Indicates a valid data field. C This indicates the check digit.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the frame header is used to identify the rockburst monitoring data type, the node identifier field is used to distinguish different monitoring nodes, and the length of the radio frequency data frame is specified. for: in Indicates the frame header length. Indicates the length of the node identifier field. Indicates the length of the valid data field. Indicates the length of the check bit.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, a check bit is appended to the end of the radio frequency data frame to perform integrity detection on the radio frequency data frame during radio frequency wireless transmission, thereby reducing the impact of electromagnetic interference on data transmission in tunnel construction environments. The check bit is generated through cyclic redundancy check or parity check. in C Indicates the check bit. This represents the information polynomial corresponding to the data to be verified. This represents the modulo-2 operation of a polynomial. This represents the parity bit generator polynomial, used to improve the reliability of data transmission in complex underground environments. The primitives that represent polynomials are used to characterize the bit weights of a binary bit stream.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the information polynomial corresponding to the data to be verified It is a polynomial obtained by mapping the frame header, node identifier field, and valid data field in the radio frequency data frame, and it is the input body for CRC checksum generation. Checksum generator polynomial If parity checking is used, the generator polynomial is a simplified first-order polynomial, and its general expression is: Check bit generator polynomial If cyclic redundancy check is used, such as the standard generator polynomial commonly used in industrial measurement and control or radio frequency communication, then the typical expression can be selected. .

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, the encoded rockburst monitoring radio frequency data frame signal is transmitted via radio frequency modulation, and the transmitted signal is represented as follows: in Indicates radio frequency transmission signal, This represents the amplitude of the baseband modulated signal after data frame encoding. Indicates the radio frequency carrier frequency. Indicates the initial phase of the carrier wave.

[0044] S5. The radio frequency data frames are transmitted wirelessly through the radio frequency wireless ad hoc network topology between the monitoring node and the relay node via multiple hops, and finally sent to the master node, realizing the radio frequency wireless ad hoc network transmission for distributed rockburst monitoring.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the encoded radio frequency data frame is wirelessly transmitted to neighboring nodes and forwarded step-by-step between monitoring nodes and relay nodes using a multi-hop method. When the quality of a communication link degrades or a node fails, a link quality function is used to determine the appropriate response. The system automatically reselects communication paths and adaptively reconfigures communication links to ensure the continuity and reliability of data transmission.

[0046] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are intended to help the reader understand the principles of the invention, and should be understood that the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in this invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and combinations are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Based on the linear spatial structure of the tunnel or underground project, multiple rockburst monitoring nodes are set up at the working face, sidewalls, arch, or borehole location, relay nodes are set up at intervals along the tunnel, and main nodes are set up at the construction entrance or control area to construct a radio frequency wireless self-organizing network topology composed of monitoring nodes, relay nodes, and main nodes. S2. At each monitoring node, rockburst precursor information is collected through rockburst monitoring sensors, and a simulated signal including rockburst precursor information is generated. S3. After performing basic signal conditioning on the analog signal, it is input into the radio frequency communication circuit in the monitoring node for analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a digital signal. S4. Encode the digital signal into a rockburst monitoring radio frequency data frame, and set the frame header, node identifier field, valid data field and check bit in the radio frequency data frame; S5. The radio frequency data frames are transmitted wirelessly through the radio frequency wireless ad hoc network topology between the monitoring node and the relay node via multiple hops, and finally sent to the master node, realizing the radio frequency wireless ad hoc network transmission for distributed rockburst monitoring.

2. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, After power-on, each node in S1 automatically selects the path with the highest link quality via radio frequency to form a decentralized multi-hop self-organizing network topology. The formula for calculating the link quality is as follows: in Represents a node i With nodes j Link quality between Represents a node i With nodes j The received signal strength between Represents a node i With nodes j The packet error rate between and All are weighting coefficients.

3. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimal data transmission path between nodes in S1 satisfy: in Indicates the first in the data transmission path k hop link quality, N Indicates the number of links in the data transmission path.

4. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relay nodes in S1 are spaced along the axial direction of the tunnel or underground project. d Layout, the spacing d satisfy: in Indicates the maximum spacing. Indicates the transmission power. Indicates the minimum received power. L Indicates the environmental depletion factor. Indicates the transmit antenna gain. Indicates the receiving antenna gain. Indicates the carrier wavelength.

5. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that, The radio frequency communication circuit automatically adjusts the transmission power based on the communication distance between nodes or the received signal strength. : in Indicates the maximum allowable transmit power of the radio frequency communication circuit. This indicates the signal strength indicator value received by the current node from neighboring nodes. This indicates the preset reference received signal strength threshold.

6. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for analog-to-digital conversion in S3 is: in Represents a digital sampling sequence. Indicates the discrete sampling sequence number. This represents the analog signal output by the sensor. Represents a continuous-time variable. Indicates the sampling period.

7. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency communication circuit is an integrated transceiver circuit structure, integrating a radio frequency transceiver module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, and a data frame generation module. Its transmitted signal is represented as follows: in Indicates radio frequency transmission signal, This represents the amplitude of the baseband modulated signal after data frame encoding. Indicates the radio frequency carrier frequency. Indicates the initial phase of the carrier wave.

8. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rockburst monitoring sensor is connected to the radio frequency communication circuit only through an analog signal interface, and the total power consumption of the monitoring node meets the following requirements: in This indicates the overall power consumption of the monitoring node. This indicates the power consumption of the radio frequency communication circuit during data encoding, modulation, and wireless transmission and reception. This indicates the power consumption of the rockburst monitoring sensor and the analog signal conditioning circuit.

9. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame header in S4 is used to identify the rockburst monitoring data type, the node identifier field is used to distinguish different monitoring nodes, and the length of the radio frequency data frame is specified. for: in Indicates the frame header length. Indicates the length of the node identifier field. Indicates the length of the valid data field. Indicates the length of the check bit.

10. The radio frequency wireless self-organizing network transmission method for distributed rockburst monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The check bit in S4 is appended to the end of the radio frequency data frame and is used to perform integrity detection on the radio frequency data frame during radio frequency wireless transmission to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on data transmission in the tunnel construction environment. The check bit is generated through cyclic redundancy check or parity check. in C Indicates the check bit. This represents the information polynomial corresponding to the data to be verified. This represents the modulo-2 operation of a polynomial. This represents the generator polynomial for the check digit. The basic unit representing a polynomial.

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