Analyte sensor system for monitoring an analyte value of a user

Abstract

Aspects of the disclosure provide techniques for avoiding and / or reducing blockage of signals transmitted between an analyte sensor system and a display device. The analyte sensor system can include an analyte sensor configured to generate analyte data associated with an analyte level of a user. The system can include an antenna system having at least a first antenna and a second antenna. The first antenna is configured to transmit a first signal including at least the analyte data and to receive a second signal including operational instructions from the display device. The second antenna is configured to receive the first signal from the first antenna and to re-radiate the first signal toward the display device and to receive the second signal from the display device and to re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna. The system can include a circuit board configured to operatively connect the analyte sensor with the first antenna of the antenna system.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority and benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 594,475, filed October 31, 2023, which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, as if fully set forth herein and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to electronic devices, such as analytical sensor systems for monitoring the values ​​of analytical substances for a user. Background Technology

[0003] Diabetes is a metabolic disorder related to the body's production and use of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to use glucose for energy or store glucose as fat. When a person eats a diet containing carbohydrates, food is processed by the digestive system, which produces glucose in the blood. Blood glucose can be used for energy or stored as fat. The body normally maintains blood glucose levels within a range that provides enough energy to support bodily functions and avoids problems that can occur when glucose levels are too high or too low. The regulation of blood glucose levels depends on the production and use of insulin, which regulates the movement of blood glucose into cells.

[0004] When the body doesn't produce enough insulin, or when it can't effectively use the insulin it has, blood sugar levels can rise above the normal range. This condition of having higher than normal blood sugar levels is called "hyperglycemia." Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to several health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, cataracts and other eye problems, nerve damage (neuropathy), and kidney damage. Hyperglycemia can also cause acute problems such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a state in which the body becomes excessively acidic due to the presence of blood sugar and ketones produced when the body cannot use glucose. This condition of having lower than normal blood sugar levels is called "hypoglycemia." Severe hypoglycemia can lead to acute critical illness, which can cause seizures or death.

[0005] People with diabetes can receive insulin to control their blood sugar levels. For example, insulin can be administered manually with a needle. Wearable insulin pumps are also available. Diet and exercise also affect blood sugar levels.

[0006] Diabetes is sometimes referred to as "type 1" and "type 2." People with type 1 diabetes can usually use insulin when it's present, but due to a problem with the pancreas's beta cells that produce insulin, the body cannot produce enough. People with type 2 diabetes may produce some insulin, but they develop "insulin resistance" due to decreased sensitivity to insulin. As a result, even when insulin is present in the body, it cannot be used effectively by the body to regulate blood sugar levels. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This disclosure provides an analyte sensor system. The analyte sensor system may include an analyte sensor configured to generate analyte data associated with an analyte level for a user of the analyte sensor system. The analyte sensor system may also include an antenna system having at least a first antenna and a second antenna. The first antenna is configured to transmit a first signal, including at least the analyte data, to a display device, and to receive a second signal, including an operation command, from the display device. The second antenna is configured to receive the first signal from the first antenna and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device, and to receive the second signal from the display device and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna. The analyte sensor system may also include a circuit board configured to operatively connect the analyte sensor to the first antenna of the antenna system.

[0008] Various aspects of this disclosure also provide an antenna system for transmitting analyte data. The antenna system may include a first antenna operatively coupled to an analyte sensor via a circuit board. The first antenna may be configured to transmit a first signal, including at least the analyte data, to a display device, and to receive a second signal, including an operating command, from the display device. The antenna system may also include a second antenna configured to receive the first signal from the first antenna and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device, and to receive the second signal from the display device and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna.

[0009] This disclosure also provides an analyte monitoring system. The analyte monitoring system may include a display device and an analyte sensor system. The analyte sensor system may include an analyte sensor, a first antenna system, and a second antenna. The analyte sensor is configured to generate analyte data associated with the analyte level of a user of the analyte sensor system. The first antenna may be configured to transmit a first signal, including at least the analyte data, to the display device, and to receive a second signal, including an operation command, from the display device. The second antenna may be configured to receive the first signal from the first antenna and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device, and to receive the second signal from the display device and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna. The analyte sensor system may also include a circuit board configured to operatively connect the analyte sensor to the first antenna. In some embodiments, the display device is configured to display to a user the analyte data received from the first antenna of the analyte sensor system. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Other aspects of this disclosure will be more readily understood when the following detailed description of the various disclosed embodiments is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0011] Figure 1 Aspects of an example system that can be used in conjunction with some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0012] Figure 2 Aspects of an example system that can be used in conjunction with several implementation schemes are shown.

[0013] Figure 3A This is an example analysis of a material sensor system based on some implementation schemes.

[0014] Figure 3B This is an example analysis of a material sensor system based on some implementation schemes.

[0015] Figure 4 An example analysis of aspects of a material sensor system based on some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 5 An example of an analytical object sensor system based on some implementation schemes is shown.

[0017] Figure 6 An example of an analytical object sensor system with a main antenna according to some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 7 Examples of an analytical object sensor system with a first antenna and a second antenna according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0019] Figure 8 Examples of incident and reflected waves according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0020] Figure 9 Methods for wireless communication by an analyte sensor system according to some embodiments disclosed herein are described.

[0021] Figure 10 A method for communication between an analyte sensor system and a display device in an analyte monitoring system, according to some embodiments disclosed herein, is described.

[0022] Figure 11 Various aspects of example health monitoring devices based on some implementation schemes disclosed herein are described.

[0023] Figure 12 Various aspects of example health monitoring devices based on some implementation schemes disclosed herein are described.

[0024] The accompanying drawings, described in more detail in the following description and examples, are provided for illustrative purposes only and depict only typical or exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. The drawings are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit this disclosure to its precise form. It should also be understood that this disclosure may be implemented with modifications or alterations, and that it may be limited only by the claims and their equivalents. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to passive reflective antennas for enhancing multipath wireless channel communication between an analyte sensor system and a display device or other receiver. The analyte sensor system can be configured to measure analyte data from a user and transmit the analyte data to various external devices, such as display devices (e.g., smartphones or monitors), using an active or main antenna. The analyte sensor system can also be configured to receive control information or other types of information from the display device using an active or main antenna. In some embodiments, the information exchanged between the analyte sensor system and the display device can be sent and / or received, for example, via various types of communication protocols, such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Wi-Fi, and combinations thereof.

[0026] Designing antennas for analyte sensor systems presents numerous challenges, such as signal shielding and / or obstruction between the display device and the analyte sensor system. Shielding is the effect of received signal power fluctuations caused by obstacles between the transmitter and receiver. Shielding and / or obstruction can be problematic in a single antenna design because a single antenna is more susceptible to obstruction and / or blockage from various sources. This can lead to data packet loss, poor signal reception, etc., between the analyte sensor system and the display device. This results in increased data packet retransmissions, which increases power consumption. This can be problematic if the analyte sensor system is power-limited. One way to help avoid the problems of shielding and / or obstruction of signals is to design an analyte sensor system with multiple active antennas. However, having multiple active antennas can increase the complexity and cost associated with manufacturing the analyte sensor system and potentially reduce the battery life of the analyte sensor system by constantly retransmitting data and / or maintaining connection activity.

[0027] Therefore, this disclosure describes techniques for avoiding and / or reducing the aforementioned problems associated with the shielding and / or obstruction of signals transmitted between the analyte sensor system and the display device. In some embodiments, in addition to using a main antenna to transmit signals between the analyte sensor system and the display device, the analyte sensor system may also include a passive antenna. For example, the passive antenna may be configured to passively receive signals from the display device and reflect or re-radiate these signals toward the main antenna of the analyte sensor system, thereby allowing the main antenna of the analyte sensor system to still receive signals from the display device, even if the signal path associated with the signal from the display device may be blocked to the main antenna by the user of the analyte sensor system or some other obstacle.

[0028] Details of some exemplary embodiments of the systems, methods, and apparatus of this disclosure are set forth in this specification and, in some cases, in other parts of this disclosure. Other features, objects, and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of this disclosure, the specification, the drawings, the examples, and the claims. All such additional systems, methods, apparatus, features, and advantages are intended to be included within this specification (whether expressly or by reference), within the scope of this disclosure, and protected by one or more of the appended claims.

[0029] System Overview and Sample Configuration

[0030] Figure 1An analyte monitoring system 100 is described that can be used in conjunction with embodiments of this disclosure, which involve collecting, monitoring, and / or providing information about the values ​​of analytes present in a user's body, including, for example, the user's blood glucose level, other analytes, multiplexed or simultaneously measured analytes, etc. System 100 describes aspects of an analyte sensor system 8 that can be communicatively coupled to display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140, partner device 136, and / or server system 134.

[0031] In the illustrated embodiment, the analyte sensor system 8 includes an analyte sensor electronics module 12 and an analyte sensor 10 associated with the analyte sensor electronics module 12. The analyte sensor electronics module 12 may be electrically and mechanically coupled to the analyte sensor 10 before it is implanted in a user or host. Therefore, the analyte sensor 10 may not require the user to couple the analyte sensor electronics module 12 to it. For example, the analyte sensor electronics module 12 may be physically / mechanically and electrically coupled to the analyte sensor 10 during manufacturing, and this physical / mechanical and electrical connection may be maintained during transport, storage, insertion, use, and removal of the analyte sensor system 8. Thus, the electromechanically connected components of the analyte sensor system 8 (e.g., the analyte sensor 10 and the analyte sensor electronics module 12) may be referred to as a “pre-connected” system. The analyte sensor electronics module 12 may wirelessly communicate (e.g., directly or indirectly) with one or more of the display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140. As a complement or alternative to display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140, the analyte sensor electronics module 12 may wirelessly communicate with partner device 136 and / or server system 134 (e.g., directly or indirectly). Similarly, in some examples, display devices 110 to 140 may additionally or alternatively wirelessly communicate with partner device 136 and / or server system 134 (e.g., directly or indirectly). Figure 1 The various couplings shown can be facilitated by a wireless access point (WAP) 138, as also mentioned below.

[0032] In some embodiments, the analyte sensor electronics module 12 includes electronic circuitry associated with measuring and processing analyte sensor data or information, including anticipated algorithms associated with the processing and / or calibration of the analyte sensor data / information. The analyte sensor electronics module 12 may be physically / mechanically connected to the analyte sensor 10 and may be integrally (non-releasably attached) or releasably attached to the analyte sensor 10. The analyte sensor electronics module 12 may also be electrically coupled to the analyte sensor 10, such that components are electromechanically coupled to each other. The analyte sensor electronics module 12 may include hardware, firmware, and / or software enabling the measurement and / or estimation of analyte levels in the host / user's body via the analyte sensor 10 (e.g., which may be / include a glucose sensor). For example, the analyte sensor electronics module 12 may include one or more of the following: a potentiostat, a power supply for providing power to the analyte sensor 10, other components for signal processing and data storage, and a telemetry module for transmitting data from the sensor electronics module to one or more display devices. Electronic devices can be attached to a printed circuit board (PCB) or platform within the analyte sensor system 8, and can take various forms. For example, electronic devices can take the form of integrated circuits (ICs), such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), microcontrollers, processors, and / or state machines.

[0033] The analyzer sensor electronics module 12 may include sensor electronics configured to process sensor information (such as sensor data) and generate transformed sensor data and displayable sensor information. Examples of systems and methods for processing sensor analyte data are described in more detail herein and in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,310,544 and 6,931,327, and U.S. Patent Publications Nos. 2005 / 0043598, 2007 / 0032706, 2007 / 0016381, 2008 / 0033254, 2005 / 0203360, 2005 / 0154271, 2005 / 0192557, 2006 / 0222566, 2007 / 0203966, and 2007 / 0208245, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0034] Further reference Figure 1Display devices 110, 120, 130, and / or 140 can be configured to display (and / or alarm) displayable sensor information that can be transmitted by the analyte sensor electronics module 12 (e.g., in custom data packets sent to the display devices based on their respective preferences). Each of display devices 110, 120, 130, or 140 may (respectively) include a display, such as touchscreen displays 112, 122, 132, and / or 142 for displaying sensor information and / or analyte data to a user and / or receiving input from a user. For example, a graphical user interface (GUI) may be presented to the user for such purposes. In embodiments, the display devices may include other types of user interfaces, such as a voice user interface other than a touchscreen display for communicating sensor information to the display device and / or receiving user input. In the implementation, one, some, or all of the display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 may be configured to display or otherwise communicate sensor information when sensor information is communicated from the analyzer sensor electronics module 12 (e.g., in a data packet sent to the respective display device) without any additional processing required for calibration and / or real-time display of sensor data.

[0035] Figure 1 The plurality of display devices 110, 120, 130, 140 depicted may include custom display devices (e.g., analyte display device 110) specifically designed to display certain types of displayable sensor information (e.g., numerical values ​​and / or arrows in some embodiments) associated with analyte data received from the analyte sensor electronics module 12. In some embodiments, one of the display devices 110, 120, 130, 140 includes a smartphone (such as a mobile phone) based on an Android, iOS, or other operating system and configured to display a graphical representation of continuous sensor data (e.g., including current and / or historical data).

[0036] like Figure 1Further illustrated and mentioned above, the analyte monitoring system 100 may also include a WAP 138, which can be used to couple one or more of the analyte sensor system 8, multiple display devices 110, 120, 130, 140, etc., server system 134, and partner device 136 to each other. For example, WAP 138 may provide WiFi and / or cellular or other wireless connectivity within the analyte monitoring system 100. Near Field Communication (NFC) may also be used in the devices of the analyte monitoring system 100 for exchanging data and for performing specific functions, such as waking up the device or powering the device or causing the device (e.g., the analyte sensor electronics module 12 and / or transmitter) to exit a low-power mode or otherwise change state and / or enter an operating mode. The server system 134 may be used, for example, to collect analyte data from the analyte sensor system 8 and / or multiple display devices to perform analysis on the analyte data, generate general or personalized models of glucose levels and distributions, provide services or feedback, including services or feedback from individuals or systems remotely monitoring analyte data, etc.

[0037] By way of overview and example, partner device 136 can typically communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with analyte sensor system 8, including for authenticating partner device 136 and / or analyte sensor system 8, and for exchanging analyte data, drug data, other data, and / or control signaling, etc. In an example embodiment of this disclosure, partner device 136 may include a passive device. An example of partner device 136 may be an insulin pump for administering insulin to a user in response to and / or based on an analyte level measured / approximated by the analyte sensor system 8. For various reasons, such an insulin pump may be expected to receive and track data from analyte sensor system 8 (e.g., reference analyte sensor system 8). Figure 1 The glucose level sent. One reason for this is to provide the insulin pump with the ability to pause / activate / control insulin administration to the user based on whether the user's glucose level is below / above a threshold.

[0038] Now for reference Figure 2 The document describes a health monitoring and management system 200. The health monitoring and management system 200 can be used in conjunction with embodiments implementing the disclosed systems, methods, apparatuses, and / or devices, including, for example, the combinations described above. Figure 1 The aspects described. Through examples, Figure 2 The various components described below can be used to provide wireless communication for analyte (e.g., glucose) data, for example, among / between the analyte sensor system 208, display device 210, buddy device 215, and / or one or more server systems 234, etc. In some cases, Figure 2 The analyte sensor system 208 illustrated in the example can be Figure 1An example of the analyte sensor system 8 is shown. Additionally, in some cases, Figure 2 The display device 210 illustrated in the example can be Figure 1 Examples of display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 are illustrated below. Additionally, in some cases, Figure 2 The partner device 215 illustrated in the example can be Figure 1 Example of partner device 136 shown in the example.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the health monitoring and management system 200 may include an analyte sensor system 208, one or more display devices 210, and / or one or more partner devices 215. Additionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the health monitoring and management system 200 includes a server system 234, which may further include a server 234a coupled to a processor 234c and a storage device 234b. The analyte sensor system 208 may be coupled to the display device 210, partner devices 215, and / or server system 234 via a communication medium 205. Details are provided below regarding the processing, collection, and exchange of data and / or the execution of actions (e.g., providing medication or related instructions) by the analyte sensor system 208, partner devices 215, and / or display devices 210. In this document, the display device 210, partner devices 215, and server system 234 may be referred to as display devices and may be configured to communicate with the analyte sensor system 208.

[0040] The analyte sensor system 208, display device 210, and / or partner device 215 can exchange messages (e.g., control signaling) via communication medium 205, and communication medium 205 can also be used to deliver analyte data to display device 210, partner device 215, and / or server system 234. As mentioned above, display device 210 may include various electronic computing devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, wearable devices, etc. Display device 210 may also include analyte display device 110, which can be customized to display and transmit analyte data and related notifications, etc. Partner device 215 may include medical devices such as insulin pumps or pens, connected devices such as smart refrigerators or mirrors, key cards, and other devices.

[0041] In implementations, communication medium 205 may be implemented using one or more wireless communication protocols (such as, for example, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, WiFi, IEEE 802.11 protocol, infrared (IR), radio frequency (RF), 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.) and / or wired protocols and media. It will also be understood during the study of this disclosure that the communication medium may be implemented as one or more communication links between components of system 200, including, in some cases, separate links, regardless of whether such links are... Figure 2 The terms are explicitly shown or referenced herein. By way of illustration, the analyzer sensor system 208 can be coupled to the display device 210 via a first link through the communication medium 205 using BLE, while the analyzer sensor system 208 can be coupled to the server system 234 via a second link through the communication medium 205 using the WiFi communication protocol. In embodiments, the BLE signal can be temporarily attenuated to minimize data interception. For example, the attenuation of the BLE signal by hardware or firmware design can occur temporarily during data exchange (e.g., pairing).

[0042] In implementations, the elements of the health monitoring and management system 200 may be used to perform the various processes described herein and / or to perform the various operations and / or features described herein with respect to one or more of the disclosed systems and / or methods. Upon studying this disclosure, those skilled in the art will understand that the health monitoring and management system 200 may include single or multiple analyte sensor systems 208, communication media 205, and / or server systems 234.

[0043] As mentioned, communication medium 205 can be used to connect or communicatively couple the analyte sensor system 208, display device 210, partner device 215, and / or server system 234 to each other or to a network. Communication medium 205 can be implemented in various forms. For example, communication medium 205 may include one or more of the following: Internet connectivity (such as a local area network (LAN), personal area network (PAN), wide area network (WAN), fiber optic network, powerline Internet, hard-wired connection (e.g., bus), DSL, etc.) or any other type of network connectivity or communication coupling. Communication medium 205 can be implemented using any combination of routers, cables, modems, switches, fiber optics, wires, radio (e.g., microwave / RF, AM, FM links, etc.). Upon reading this disclosure, those skilled in the art will recognize other ways in which communication medium 205 is implemented for communication purposes, and will also recognize that communication medium 205 can be used to implement the features of this disclosure using undeveloped communication protocols that can be deployed in the future.

[0044] Further reference Figure 2Server 234a may receive, collect, and / or monitor information from analyte sensor system 208, partner device 215, and / or display device 210, including analyte data, pharmaceutical data, and related information, such as input in response to analyte data or pharmaceutical data, or input received in conjunction with analyte monitoring applications running on analyte sensor system 208 or display device 210, or pharmaceutical delivery applications running on display device 210 or partner device 215. Thus, server 234a may receive, collect, and / or monitor information from partner device 215, such as, for example, information related to providing pharmaceuticals to users and / or information about the operation of one or more partner devices 215. Server 234a may also receive, collect, and / or monitor information about users of analyte sensor system 208, display device 210, and / or partner device 215.

[0045] In one implementation, server 234a may be adapted to receive such information via communication medium 205. This information may be stored in storage device 234b and processed by processor 234c. For example, processor 234c may include an analysis engine capable of performing analysis on information that server 234a has collected, received, etc., via communication medium 205. In another implementation, server 234a, storage device 234b, and / or processor 234c may be implemented as a distributed computing network, such as a Hadoop RTM network, or as a relational database. The aforementioned information can then be processed at server 234a to provide services to the analyte sensor system 208, display device 210, partner device 215, and / or their users. For example, such services may include diabetes management feedback for users.

[0046] Server 234a may include, for example, an internet server, router, desktop or laptop computer, smartphone, tablet computer, processor, module, etc., and may be implemented in various forms, including, for example, an integrated circuit or an assembly thereof, a printed circuit board or an assembly thereof, or may be implemented in discrete or multiple housings / packages / racks. In embodiments, server 234a at least partially directs communications conducted via communication medium 205. Such communications may include the delivery of analyte data, pharmaceutical data, and / or related messaging (e.g., advertisements, authentications, commands, or other messaging). For example, server 234a may process and exchange messages related to frequency bands, transmission timing, security / encryption, alarms, alerts, notifications, etc., between and / or among analyte sensor system 208, display device 210, and / or partner device 215. Server 234a may update information stored on analyte sensor system 208, partner device 215, and / or display device 210, for example, by delivering or updating applications to them, and / or by reconfiguring system parameters or other settings of analyte sensor system 208, partner device 215, and / or display device 210. Server 234a can transmit / receive information to / from analyte sensor system 208, partner device 215, and / or display device 210 in real time, periodically, occasionally, or on an event-driven basis. Furthermore, server 234a can enable cloud computing capabilities for analyte sensor system 208, partner device 215, and / or display device 210.

[0047] Based on the above description of aspects of currently disclosed systems and methods for wireless communication of object data analysis, examples of some specific features of this disclosure will now be provided. Those skilled in the art will understand upon studying this disclosure that these features can be implemented using aspects and / or combinations of aspects of the example configurations described above, regardless of whether explicit reference is made to the example configurations.

[0048] Analyte data

[0049] Return to reference Figure 1 As mentioned above, in the implementation, the analyte sensor system 8 is provided for measuring analytes in a host or user. By way of overview and example, the analyte sensor system 8 can be implemented as a packaged microcontroller that performs sensor measurements, generates analyte data (e.g., by calculating values ​​of continuous glucose monitoring data), and participates in wireless communication (e.g., via Bluetooth and / or other wireless protocols) to transmit such data to remote devices (e.g., display devices 110, 120, 130, 140, partner device 136, and / or server system 134).

[0050] The analyte sensor system 8 may include: an analyte sensor 10 configured to measure the concentration or level of an analyte in a host; and an analyte sensor electronics module 12, typically physically connected to the analyte sensor 10 prior to its implantation in a user. In some cases, the analyte sensor 10 may be a single-analyte sensor or a multi-analyte sensor capable of measuring one or more analytes, such as glucose, lactate, potassium, etc. In embodiments, the analyte sensor electronics module 12 includes electronics configured to process a data stream associated with the analyte concentration measured by the analyte sensor 10 to generate sensor information, which includes, for example, raw sensor data, transformed sensor data, and / or any other sensor data. The analyte sensor electronics module 12 may be further configured to generate analyte sensor information tailored to the respective display devices 110, 120, 130, 140, partner device 136, and / or server system 134. The analyzer sensor electronics module 12 can be further configured to allow different devices to receive different sensor information, and can be further configured to wirelessly transmit sensor information to such display devices 110, 120, 130, 140, partner devices 136 and / or server systems 134.

[0051] As used herein, the term "analyte" is a broad term and will be given to those skilled in the art its common and conventional meaning (and not limited to its specific or custom-defined meaning), and further refers to (but not limited to) analytes or chemical components in biological fluids (e.g., blood, interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph, or urine) that can be analyzed. Analytes may include naturally occurring substances, artificial substances, metabolites, and / or reaction products. In some embodiments, the analyte used for measurement by a sensor head, device, and method is glucose. However, other analytes are also considered, including but not limited to: prothrombin; acylcarnitine; adenine phosphoribosyltransferase; adenosine deaminase; albumin; alpha-fetoprotein; amino acid profile (arginine (Krebs cycle), histidine / uric acid, homocysteine, phenylalanine / tyrosine, tryptophan); androstenedione; antipyrine; arabinitol enantiomers; arginase; benzoyl stigmine (cocaine); biotinylate; biopterin; C-reactive protein; carnitine; carnosine; CD4; ceruloplasmin; chenodeoxycholic acid; chloroquine; cholesterol; cholinesterase; conjugated 1 -Hydroxycholic acid; Cortisol; Creatine kinase; Creatine kinase MM isoenzyme; Cyclosporine A; d-Penicillamine; Deethylchloroquine; Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; DNA (acetyltransferase polymorphism, alcohol dehydrogenase, α1-antitrypsin, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne malnutrition / Becker's muscular dystrophy, analyte-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin A, hemoglobin S, hemoglobin C, hemoglobin D, hemoglobin E, hemoglobin F, D-Punjab, β-thalassemia, Hepatitis B virus, HCMV, HIV-1, HTLV-1, Leber hereditary optic nerve Pathogens, MCAD, RNA, PKU, Plasmodium vivax, sexual differentiation, 21-deoxycortisol); debutylhalogenated pan-group; dihydropteridine reductase; diphtheria / tetanus antitoxin; erythrocyte arginase; erythrocyte protoporphyrin; esterase D; fatty acid / acylglycine; free human chorionic gonadotropin; free erythrocyte porphyrin; free thyroxine (FT4); free triiodothyronine (FT3); fumarate acetylacetase; galactose / gal-1-phosphate; galactose-1-phosphate uridine dihydrogenase; gentamicin; analyte-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; glutathione Peptides; glutathione peroxidase; glycocholic acid; glycosylated hemoglobin; halogenated pantyltransferase; hemoglobin variants; hexosamine enzyme A; human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I; 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone; hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; immunoreactive trypsin; lactate; lead; lipoproteins ((a), B / A-1); lysozyme; mefloquine; netilmicin; phenobarbital; phenytoin; phytanoic acid / norphytanoic acid; progesterone; prolactin; prolinease; purine nucleoside phosphorylase; quinine; reverse triiodothyronine (rT3); selenium; serum pancreatic lipase; sisomicin; somatostatin C;Specific antibodies (adenovirus, antinuclear antibody, anti-ζ antibody, arbovirus, Orystigma virus, dengue virus, Gynecomastia mesenae, Echinococcus granulosus, Entamoeba histolytica, enterovirus, Giardia lamblia, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus, herpesvirus, HIV-1, IgE (atopic disease), influenza virus, Leishmania donovani, Leptospira, measles / mumps / rubella, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, myoglobin, Onchocerca salina, parainfluenza virus, Plasmodium falciparum, poliovirus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory...) Respiratory syncytial virus, Rickettsia (scrub typhus), Schistosoma mansoni, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, Trypanosoma cruzi / Trekkella lancifolium, vesicular spirochete virus, Wucetella bancroftian, yellow fever virus; specific antigen (hepatitis B virus, HIV-1); succinylacetone; sulfadoxine; theophylline; thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroxine (T4); thyroxine-binding globulin; trace elements; transfer; UDP-galactose-4-epimerase; urea; uroporphyrinogen I synthase; vitamin A; leukocytes; and zinc protoporphyrin. In some embodiments, salts, sugars, proteins, fats, vitamins, and hormones naturally present in blood or interstitial fluid may also constitute analytes. Analytes may be naturally present in biological fluids, for example, metabolites, hormones, antigens, antibodies, etc. Alternatively, the analyte may be introduced into the body, such as contrast agents for imaging, radioactive isotopes, chemical reagents, synthetic blood based on fluorocarbons, or drugs or drug compositions, including but not limited to insulin; ethanol; cannabis (cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol, hemp); inhalants (nitrous oxide, amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons); cocaine (cracked cocaine); stimulants (amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, Cylert, Preludin, Didrex, PreState, Voranil, Sandrex). Plegine; sedatives (barbiturates, methaqualone, tranquilizers such as diazepam, nitrazepam, methaqualone, senna, methylphenidate, potassium chlordiazepoxide); hallucinogens (phencyclidine, lysergic acid, mescaline, piodine, psilocybin); narcotics (heroin, codeine, morphine, opium, meperidine, percocet, percodan, tussionex, fentanyl, dalofop, analgesic, antidiarrheal); specialty drugs (fentanyl, meperidine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and analogues of phencyclidine, e.g., ecstasy); anabolic steroids; and nicotine. Metabolites of drugs and drug compositions are also envisioned analytes. It can also analyze analytes generated in the body, such as neurochemicals and other chemicals, including, for example, ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, norepinephrine, 3-methoxytyramine (3MT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), serotonin (5HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (FHIAA).

[0052] Analyte sensor system

[0053] As referenced above Figure 1 As described, in some embodiments, the analyte sensor 10 includes a continuous glucose sensor, such as a subcutaneous, transdermal (e.g., percutaneous), or intravascular device. In these embodiments, such a sensor or device can continuously measure and analyze glucose in interstitial fluid, blood samples, etc., depending on whether the device is subcutaneous, transdermal, or intravascular. The analyte sensor 10 can use any analyte measurement method, including, for example, glucose measurements, including enzymatic, chemical, physical, electrochemical, spectrophotometric, polarized, calorimetric, iontophoresis, radiation, immunochemical, etc.

[0054] In embodiments where the analyte sensor 10 is a glucose sensor, the analyte sensor 10 may use any method, including invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive sensing techniques (e.g., fluorescence monitoring), to provide a data stream indicating the concentration of glucose in the host. The data stream may be a raw data signal that can be converted into a calibrated and / or filtered data stream that can be used to provide a useful value of glucose to a user such as a patient or caregiver (e.g., a parent, relative, guardian, teacher, doctor, nurse, or any other individual interested in the health of the host).

[0055] A glucose sensor can be any device capable of measuring glucose concentration. An implantable glucose sensor can be used according to one example embodiment described below. However, it should be understood that the devices and methods described herein can be applied to any device capable of detecting the concentration of an analyte (e.g., glucose) and providing an output signal representing the concentration of the analyte (again, glucose) (e.g., in the form of analyte data).

[0056] In one embodiment, the analyte sensor 10 is an implantable glucose sensor, as described with reference to U.S. Patent No. 6,001,067 and U.S. Patent Publication No. US-2005-0027463-A1. In another embodiment, the analyte sensor 10 is a percutaneous glucose sensor, as described with reference to U.S. Patent Publication No. US-2006-0020187-A1. In yet another embodiment, the analyte sensor 10 is configured to be implanted in a host blood vessel or implanted externally, as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. US-2007-0027385-A1, co-pending U.S. Patent Publication No. US-2008-0119703-A1 (filed October 4, 2006), U.S. Patent Publication No. US-2008-0108942-A1 (filed March 26, 2007), and U.S. Patent Application No. US-2007-0197890-A1 (filed February 14, 2007). In embodiments, the continuous glucose sensor includes a percutaneous sensor, such as that described, for example, in U.S. Patent 6,565,509 to Say et al. In embodiments, the analyte sensor 10 is a continuous glucose sensor, which includes a subcutaneous sensor, such as that described, for example, with reference to U.S. Patent 6,579,690 to Bonnecaze et al. or U.S. Patent 6,484,046 to Say et al. In embodiments, the continuous glucose sensor includes a refillable subcutaneous sensor, such as that described, for example, with reference to U.S. Patent 6,512,939 to Colvin et al. The continuous glucose sensor may include an intravascular sensor, such as that described, for example, with reference to U.S. Patent 6,477,395 to Schulman et al. The continuous glucose sensor may include an intravascular sensor, such as that described, for example, with reference to U.S. Patent 6,424,847 to Mastrototaro et al.

[0057] Figure 3A Examples of what can be combined with Figure 1 Analyte sensor system 8 and / or Figure 2 A perspective view of a skin sensor assembly 360 used in conjunction with the analyte sensor system 208. For example, the skin sensor assembly 360 may be or include the analyte sensor system 8 and / or the analyte sensor system 208. The skin sensor assembly 360 may include a housing having a first top portion 392 and a second bottom portion 394. In embodiments, the housing may include a clamshell design. The skin sensor assembly 360 may include, for example, components combined with the above. Figure 1The described analyte sensor electronics module 12 includes similar components such as a potentiostat, a power supply for providing power to the analyte sensor 10, a signal processing unit, a data storage unit, and a communication module (e.g., a telemetry module) for one-way or two-way data communication, a printed circuit board (PCB), an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a microcontroller, and / or a processor.

[0058] like Figure 3A As shown, the housing may be characterized by a generally elliptical shape. The housing may further include an aperture 396 disposed substantially through the central portion of the housing and adapted for insertion of the sensor 338 and a needle through the bottom of the on-skin sensor assembly 360. In embodiments, the aperture 396 may be a channel or an elongated slot. The on-skin sensor assembly 360 may further include an adhesive patch 326 configured to secure the on-skin sensor assembly 360 to the host skin. In embodiments, the adhesive patch 326 may include an adhesive suitable for skin adhesion, such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive (e.g., acrylic, rubber-based, or other suitable type) bonded to a carrier substrate (e.g., spunlace polyester, polyurethane film, or other suitable type) for skin adhesion, although any suitable type of adhesive is also contemplated. As shown, the adhesive patch 326 may be characterized by an aperture 398 aligned with the aperture 396, such that the sensor 338 can pass through the bottom of the on-skin sensor assembly 360 and through the adhesive patch 326.

[0059] Figure 3B It shows Figure 3A A 360° bottom perspective view of the sensor components on the skin. Figure 3B Further shown are holes 396 and 398, which are essentially located in the central portion of the bottom of the sensor assembly 360 on the skin, both of which are adapted for the insertion of the sensor 338 and the needle.

[0060] Figure 4 Examples Figure 3A and Figure 3B A 360° cross-sectional view of the sensor assembly on the skin. Figure 4 The diagram shows a first top portion 392 and a second bottom portion 394 of the housing, an adhesive patch 326, a hole 396 in the central portion of the sensor assembly 360 on the skin, a hole 398 in the central portion of the adhesive patch 326, and a sensor 338 passing through the hole 396. (Previously combined) Figure 3A The described electronic device unit may further include a circuit board 404 and a battery 402 configured to provide power to at least the circuit board 404.

[0061] Now go to Figure 5 A more detailed functional block diagram of the analyte sensor system 208 is provided (e.g., in conjunction with the above). Figure 1 and Figure 2 (As discussed above), the analyte sensor system 208 can be... Figure 1 An example of an analyte sensor system 8 is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the analyte sensor system 208 may include an analyte sensor 530 (e.g., it may be...). Figure 1 (Example of analyte sensor 10 shown in the example) This analyte sensor is coupled to analyte sensor measurement circuitry 525 for processing and managing analyte data obtained from analyte sensor 530, indicating the analyte level for the user of analyte sensor system 208. Sensor measurement circuitry 525 may be coupled to processor / microcontroller 535. In some embodiments, processor / microcontroller 535 may include one or more processors, and may be... Figure 1 This is part of the analyte sensor electronics module 12. In some embodiments, the processor / microcontroller 535 may perform some or all of the functions of the sensor measurement circuitry 525 to acquire and process analyte data (e.g., sensor measurements) from the analyte sensor 530 and generate analyte data representing the sensor measurements. In some embodiments, the processed analyte data may be stored in a storage device 515 including one or more memories.

[0062] The processor / microcontroller 535 can also be coupled to a radio unit or transceiver 510 (e.g., it could be...). Figure 1 (Part of the analyte sensor electronics module 12). In some embodiments, the processor / microcontroller 535 may be configured to provide transceiver 510 with the ability to transmit sensor data, such as analyte data and other data, to an external device, such as display device 210 (see, by way of example). Figure 2Transceiver 510 may also be configured to receive control information from external devices, including requests for certain information and commands to perform certain actions. In some cases, transceiver 510 may include logic or circuitry for communicating (e.g., transmitting and receiving) using different communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Near Field Communication (NFC), WiFi, 3GPP-based wireless communication protocols, and other wireless communication protocols. In some embodiments, transceiver 510 may be coupled to antenna system 545 associated with connection interface 505, thereby allowing analyte sensor system 208 to wirelessly transmit and receive data. For example, transceiver 510 may be configured to output data (such as analyte data) for wireless transmission via at least one main antenna of antenna system 545, or may be configured to acquire data wirelessly received via at least one antenna of antenna system 545. In some cases, antenna system 545 may be tuned to a specific frequency depending on the communication protocol used to transmit data. For example, in some embodiments, antenna system 545 may include one or more antennas tuned for transmitting data via the BLE protocol (e.g., tuned to 2.4 GHz). In some embodiments, antenna system 545 may include one or more antennas tuned for transmitting data via the NFC protocol (e.g., tuned to 13.56 MHz).

[0063] In an example implementation, the analyte sensor system 208 uses the analyte sensor 530 to collect analyte data and uses a transceiver 510 and an antenna system 545 to transmit the analyte data or its derivatives to a display device 310, a partner device 315, and / or a server system 334. Data points about analyte values ​​can be collected and transmitted throughout the lifetime of the analyte sensor 530. New measurements and / or relevant information can be transmitted frequently enough so that remote devices / individuals can adequately monitor analyte (e.g., glucose) levels.

[0064] It should be understood that some details regarding the processing, collection, and exchange of data by the analyte sensor system 208, partner device 315, and / or display device 310 are provided elsewhere herein. Upon studying this disclosure, it will be understood that, at least for some embodiments herein, the analyte sensor system 208 may include information regarding… Figure 1 or Figure 2 Several similar components are described. Therefore, the details and uses of such similar components can be understood relative to the analyte sensor system 208, even if not referenced herein. Figure 5 Describe it clearly.

[0065] Aspects related to analyte sensor systems with active and passive antennas

[0066] Patients with diabetes can benefit from real-time diabetes management guidance determined based on their physiological status. In some cases, diagnostic systems such as analyte sensor systems (e.g., analyte sensor system 8 and / or analyte sensor system 208) are used to determine a patient's physiological status. In some embodiments, analyte sensor system 208 may be configured to measure a patient's analyte levels and notify the patient of the identification and / or prediction of adverse glycemic events, such as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Additionally, analyte sensor system 208 may be configured to help inform the patient of the type of guidance provided in response to these adverse glycemic events.

[0067] For example, Figure 5 The analyte sensor system 208 can be worn by a patient and configured to continuously measure the patient's analyte levels over time using a continuous analyte sensor (such as analyte sensor 530). The measured analyte levels can then be processed by the analyte sensor system 208 (e.g., by a processor / microcontroller 535) to identify and / or predict adverse events, and / or provide the patient with guidance on treatment and / or actions to mitigate or prevent such adverse events. The analyte data indicating the patient's analyte levels can then be output by the processor / microcontroller 535 to a transceiver 510 of the analyte sensor system 208 for wireless transmission to a communication device, such as regarding... Figure 1 The display devices 110, 120, 130, 140 and / or about are described and depicted. Figure 2 One or more of the display devices 210 depicted and described. In some embodiments, at least one main antenna of the antenna system 545 and a specific wireless communication protocol (such as Bluetooth, BLE, NFC, WiFi, 3GPP-based wireless communication protocols, or other wireless communication protocols) may be used to transmit the analyte data to a communication device.

[0068] Figure 6 An example analyte sensor system 600 is illustrated, featuring a main antenna 606 that can be used to communicate with a display device 601 in an analyte monitoring system 699. The analyte sensor system 600 can be related to... Figure 1 The analytical sensor system described and illustrated 8 and / or about Figure 2 and Figure 5An example of an analyte sensor system 208 is depicted and described. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 600 is a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system. As shown, the analyte sensor system 600 includes a housing 650 that can be adhered to a user's or patient's body 620 using, for example, an adhesive patch. The housing 650 may house one or more electrical components of the analyte sensor system 600, including a printed circuit board (PCB) 602, a processor / microcontroller 652 (e.g., including one or more processors), transceiver circuitry 654, a main antenna 606, a main antenna feed 608, a storage device 656 (e.g., including one or more memories), a battery 658, an analyte sensor 660, and sensor measurement circuitry 662. In some embodiments, the battery 658 may be configured to power one or more electrical components of the analyte sensor system 600. Furthermore, as... Figure 6 As shown, the main antenna 606 is communicatively coupled to the main antenna feed 608 and other electrical components of the analyte sensor system 600 (e.g., transceiver circuitry 654, processor / microcontroller 652, analyte sensor 660, etc.). In some embodiments, the main antenna 606 and / or the main antenna feed 608 may be... Figure 5 It is part of or represents the antenna system 545.

[0069] In some embodiments, transceiver circuitry 654 is operable to transmit information relating to the analyte sensor system 600 to and / or receive such information from the display device 601 (e.g., transmit and / or receive operational information). In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system is operable to transmit analyte data to the display device 601, thereby indicating the analyte level associated with a user of the analyte sensor system 600. Additionally, in some embodiments, the main antenna 606 transmits and / or receives pairing information from the display device 601. For example, the analyte sensor system 600 may receive an initial pairing command, a keep-alive command, or a disconnect command from the display device 601. In some embodiments, the main antenna 606 may be designed to facilitate optimal reception of radio signals from the display device 601. In some embodiments, the main antenna 606 may be integrated on a PCB.

[0070] In some implementations, the main antenna 606 may take any form that fits within the overall shape factor of the analyte sensor system 600. Figure 6 An embodiment in which the main antenna 606 is configured as a zigzag F-line antenna is illustrated. The zigzag portion 610 of the main antenna 606 can be configured to help reduce the overall length of the main antenna 606 without affecting its performance. Figure 6 The two terminals of section F of the main antenna 606 are illustrated. Although Figure 6The main antenna 606 is illustrated as having a zigzag F-line (e.g., zigzag portion 610), but other antenna types (e.g., straight, curved, bent, etc.) are readily conceivable. In some embodiments, the main antenna 606 may include, but is not limited to, an inverted F-antenna, a dipole antenna, a loop antenna, a monopole antenna, a fractal antenna, and combinations thereof.

[0071] In some implementations, the main antenna 606 is operable to transmit and / or receive information via various radio frequencies, such as, but not limited to, Bluetooth, BLE, Wi-Fi, etc. For example, as shown, the analyte sensor system 600 may be configured to receive a BLE signal 614 from a display device 601. However, in some cases, due to the way the analyte sensor system 600 is positioned on the body 620 of the user of the analyte sensor system 600 and / or the position of the body 620 itself, the body 620 may block the BLE signal 614 from being received by the main antenna 606. For example, as shown, the BLE signal 614 may have different signal paths, such as a first set of signal paths 616 and a second set of signal paths 618. Furthermore, as shown, due to the positioning of the body 620, the body 620 may block the first set of signal paths 616 of the BLE signal 614, thereby preventing the BLE signal 614 from being received by the main antenna 606. Additionally, as shown in the figure, although the second signal path 618 of the BLE signal 614 can bypass the body 620, the second signal path 618 of the BLE signal 614 may still not reach a portion of the main antenna 606. Furthermore, the body 620 may also block, shield, and / or impede the main antenna 606 from sending signals to the display device 601.

[0072] As can be seen, the single antenna design of the analyte sensor system 600 may be prone to scenarios where signals transmitted and / or received by the analyte sensor system 600 may be blocked, obstructed, or otherwise impeded by the user's body 620 or other obstacles. Such obstruction and / or obstruction of signals (e.g., BLE signal 614) can lead to negative consequences such as data packet loss and poor signal reception. Lost packets and poor reception may result in data packet retransmission, thereby increasing power consumption at the analyte sensor system 600, which could be problematic if the analyte sensor system 600 is power-constrained.

[0073] One way to help avoid signal blocking problems is to design an analyte sensor system 600 with multiple active master antennas (e.g., using active circuitry components such as amplifiers) and / or two or more antennas coupled to a transceiver. However, having multiple active master antennas can increase the complexity and cost associated with manufacturing the analyte sensor system 600 because additional complex components are required to allow switching between the active master antennas. Additionally, firmware may be needed to control the additional antennas to switch between the multiple antennas of the analyte sensor system 600, potentially increasing power consumption and adding further cost and time to the manufacturing process.

[0074] Therefore, aspects of this disclosure provide techniques for avoiding and / or reducing the aforementioned problems associated with the shielding and / or obstruction of signals transmitted between the analyte sensor system and the display device. For example, in some embodiments, in addition to using a main antenna to transmit signals between the analyte sensor system and the display device, the techniques presented herein may also involve equipping the analyte sensor system with a passive antenna or a repeater antenna. In some embodiments, the passive antenna may be configured to passively receive signals from the display device and reflect or re-radiate these signals toward the main antenna of the analyte sensor system, thereby allowing the main antenna of the analyte sensor system to still receive signals from the display device, even if the signal path associated with the signal from the display device might be blocked to the main antenna by the user's body or some other obstacle. For example, see reference... Figure 6 In some implementations, even if the first signal path 616 may be blocked by the body 620, thereby preventing the main antenna 606 from receiving the BLE signal 614, the passive antenna can also be used to receive the BLE signal 614 along the second signal path 618 and reflect or re-radiate the BLE signal 614 back to the main antenna 606.

[0075] Furthermore, in some implementations, the passive antenna may not be connected to the transceiver of the analyte sensor system and may not require additional active components (e.g., additional circuitry, firmware, etc.) to receive and re-radiate signals from the display device, unlike active antennas such as the main antenna 606 of the analyte sensor system 600. Therefore, compared to an analyte sensor system with multiple active antennas, the cost, time, and / or complexity associated with manufacturing an analyte sensor system including both passive and main antennas can be reduced.

[0076] In some embodiments, resistive (e.g., having a resistor) and / or reactive (e.g., having an inductor and / or a capacitor) loads can also be used to terminate the passive antenna and enhance its ability to receive passively received signals and reflect them back to the main antenna coupled to the transceiver. For example, in some embodiments, the use of a passive antenna can increase the signal strength or gain associated with the main antenna by more than 3 dB over various radio frequencies (e.g., 2.4 GHz associated with Bluetooth communication). This increase in signal strength indicates an improvement in the connection between the analyte sensor system and the display device during blocked and / or partially blocked use. These improvements reduce the amount of signal loss (e.g., BLE signal loss) between the analyte sensor system and the display device. This, in turn, results in fewer data retransmissions between the analyte sensor system and the display device, which would otherwise consume a significant amount of power. Therefore, the analyte sensor system of this disclosure provides improved wireless connectivity and battery efficiency by saving the power required to maintain the connection to the display device and / or to transmit / receive data to the display device.

[0077] Figure 7 An example analyte sensor system 700 is illustrated, having a main antenna and a passive antenna for communicating with a display device 601 in an analyte monitoring system 799. In some embodiments, the display device 601 may include... Figure 1 The display devices 110, 120, 130, and 140 may be any one or more of them. The analyzer sensor system 700 may be related to... Figure 1 The analytical sensor system 8 and / or described and illustrated Figure 2 and Figure 5 An example of the analyte sensor system 208. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system 700 is a continuous glucose monitoring system.

[0078] As shown, the analyte sensor system 700 includes a housing 750 that can be adhered to a user's body 620 using, for example, an adhesive patch. The housing 750 may house one or more electrical components of the analyte sensor system 700 for acquiring, processing, and transmitting analyte data to a display device 601, and for receiving signals from the display device 601. For example, in some embodiments, the one or more electrical components may include a PCB 702, a processor / microcontroller 752 (e.g., including one or more processors), transceiver circuitry 754, a storage device 756 (e.g., including one or more memories), a battery 758, an analyte sensor 760, and sensor measurement circuitry 762. In some embodiments, the battery 758 may be configured to power one or more components of the analyte sensor system 700. In some embodiments, the processor / microcontroller 752 may be related to… Figure 5Examples of processor / microcontroller 535 are illustrated and described. In some implementations, transceiver circuitry 754 may be related to... Figure 5 Examples of transceiver 510 illustrated and described. In some embodiments, storage device 756 may be related to... Figure 5 Examples of storage devices 515 are illustrated and described. In some embodiments, battery 758 may be related to... Figure 5 An example of a power supply 550 is illustrated and described. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor 760 may be related to... Figure 5 An example of the analyte sensor 530 is illustrated and described. In some embodiments, the sensor measurement circuit 762 may be related to... Figure 5 An example of a sensor measurement circuit 525 is illustrated and described.

[0079] Furthermore, as shown in the figure, the analyte sensor system 700 includes an antenna system comprising at least a first antenna 706 and a second antenna 710. In some embodiments, the first antenna 706 may be a main antenna or an active antenna and may be communicatively coupled to the main antenna terminal 708, transceiver circuitry 754, and other electrical components of the analyte sensor system 700 (e.g., processor / microcontroller 752, storage device 756, battery 758, analyte sensor 760, sensor measurement circuitry 762, etc.). Additionally, in some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be a passive antenna and may be non-communically coupled to the transceiver circuitry 754 or any other operating or active component, such as the processor / microcontroller 752, storage device 756, power amplifier, etc. In some embodiments, the first antenna 706 may be at least one of a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, a loop antenna, an inverted-F antenna, or a fractal antenna. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be at least one of a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, a loop antenna, an inverted-F antenna, or a fractal antenna.

[0080] Further as shown in the figure, the second antenna 710 may include one or more antenna arms forming the second antenna 710, such as a first antenna arm 710a and a second antenna arm 710b. In some embodiments, the first antenna arm 710a and the second antenna arm 710b of the second antenna 710 may be coupled to a passive antenna terminal 712. Although Figure 7 The illustration shows that multiple antenna arms may include two antenna arms (e.g., a first antenna arm 710a and a second antenna arm 710b), but it should be understood that multiple antenna arms may include any number of antenna arms, such as one antenna arm, three antenna arms, or more antenna arms. In some embodiments, the first antenna 706 may be substantially similar to... Figure 6 The main antenna 606 described in the document.

[0081] In some embodiments, the analyte sensor 760 of the analyte sensor system 700 may be configured to measure the analyte level of a user of the analyte sensor system 700 and provide these measurements to the processor / microcontroller 752 and / or storage device 756 of the analyte sensor system 700. For example, in some embodiments, the processor / microcontroller 752 may be configured to receive and process measurements from the analyte sensor 760 (e.g., via sensor measurement circuitry 762). In some embodiments, the processor / microcontroller 752 may also be configured to generate analyte data (e.g., estimated analyte values) based on the measurements received from the analyte sensor 760 and transmit the analyte data to the display device 601 via transceiver circuitry 754.

[0082] In some embodiments, PCB 702 may be configured to operatively couple one or more electronic components of the analyte sensor system 700 to the first antenna 706. For example, in some embodiments, PCB 702 may be configured to operatively couple the analyte sensor 760, sensor measurement circuitry 762, processor / microcontroller 752, storage device 756, battery 658, transceiver circuitry 754, and first antenna 706. In some embodiments, first antenna 706 may be configured to receive signals from display device 601, which may include, but are not limited to, operating instructions, configuration instructions, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, first antenna 706 may be configured to transmit a first signal to display device 601 including at least analyte data, and to receive a second signal (e.g., BLE signal 614) including operating instructions from display device 601. Furthermore, in some embodiments, second antenna 710 may be configured to receive the first signal from first antenna 706 and re-radiate the first signal toward display device 601. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may also be configured to receive a second signal from the display device 601 and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna 706. In some embodiments, the PCB 702 may operatively connect the analyte sensor 760 to the first antenna 706. In some embodiments, the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-alive instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to transmit analyte data.

[0083] As described above, in some embodiments, one or more electronic components of the analyte sensor system 700 include a transceiver circuit 754 that is coupled to a first antenna 706. In some embodiments, the transceiver circuit 754 is configured to transmit a first signal via the first antenna 706. The transceiver circuit 754 is also configured to receive at least one of a second signal from a display device 601 or a re-radiated signal from a second antenna 710 via the first antenna 706. In some embodiments, the transceiver circuit 754 is configured to transmit a signal including the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal according to a wireless communication technology. In some embodiments, the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0084] like Figure 7 As illustrated, the second antenna 710 may be included on the PCB 702. However, in other embodiments, the second antenna 710 may include a portion extending from the PCB 702. For example, but not as a limitation, the second antenna 710 or a portion thereof may partially extend to an external portion of the housing 750 of the analyte sensor system 700 (e.g., regarding...). Figure 3A (Described as an external housing). In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may not be included on the PCB 702. For example, in some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be included on the inner or outer surface of the housing 750 of the analyte sensor system 700. In some embodiments, the first antenna 706 and the second antenna 710 may be included on the top or bottom surface of the PCB 702. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be included on the bottom surface of the PCB 702, and the first antenna 706 may be included on the top surface of the PCB 702, or vice versa.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first antenna 706 and PCB 702 may be included within the housing 750 of the analyte sensor system 700. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be included within the housing 750 of the analyte sensor system 700. In some aspects, the second antenna 710 may be disposed outside the housing 750 of the analyte sensor system 700. For example, in some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be incorporated into an adhesive patch that is attached to the exterior of the housing 750 of the analyte sensor system 700.

[0086] In some embodiments, the passive antenna terminal 712 may include one or more passive components. In some embodiments, the one or more passive components may include, but are not limited to, one or more resistors, one or more capacitors, one or more inductors, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be grounded at the passive antenna terminal 712. In some embodiments, the electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components may be based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna. In some embodiments, the electrical characteristics may include, for example, at least one of the resistance values ​​of one or more resistors among the one or more passive components, the capacitance values ​​of one or more capacitors among the one or more passive components, or the inductance values ​​of one or more capacitors among the one or more passive components.

[0087] As described above, the second antenna 710 can be configured to: receive a second signal (e.g., BLE signal 614) from the display device 601, which would otherwise be blocked and / or shielded by the body 620 and unable to reach the first antenna 706; and reflect or re-radiate radio signals toward the first antenna 706. For example, Figure 7 An example is illustrated of a BLE signal 614 that can be transmitted by display device 601 along different signal paths (such as a first set of signal paths 616 and a second set of signal paths 618). As shown, body 620 blocks the first set of signal paths 616 of the BLE signal 614 from the first antenna 706, similar to the situation regarding... Figure 6 As described. However, as shown, the second set of signal paths 618 for the BLE signal 614 can bypass the body 620, thereby allowing the BLE signal 614 to be received by the second antenna 710. The BLE signal 614 received by the second antenna 710 can then be reflected or re-radiated by the second antenna 710 towards the first antenna 706 in the form of a re-radiated BLE signal 614, thereby allowing the first antenna 706 to (indirectly) receive the BLE signal 714 from the display device 601.

[0088] In some implementations, the ability of the second antenna 710 to reflect or re-radiate radio signals toward the first antenna 706 or display device 601 may be based on the design of, for example, the second antenna 710 and / or one or more passive components (e.g., resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc.) included in the passive antenna terminal 712.

[0089] In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be configured to match the corresponding geometry of the first antenna 706, such that signals transmitted to and / or received from the first antenna 706 of the analyte sensor system 700 provide extended coverage to include signal paths blocked by the body 620. In some embodiments, this configuration may include, for example, a topology that improves or maximizes radiated coupling and / or communication between the first antenna 706 and the second antenna 710. In some embodiments, this configuration may include, but is not limited to, one or more antenna arms, a shape corresponding to the first antenna 706, a curved and / or straight architecture surrounding an open area of ​​the PCB 702, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the geometry of the second antenna 710 may be configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device 601. In some embodiments, the geometry of the first antenna 706 may be configured to maximize the reception of a second signal from the display device 601.

[0090] As described above, in some embodiments, the second antenna 710 includes one or more antenna arms, as described above (e.g., a first antenna arm 710a and a second antenna arm 710b). In some embodiments, each of the plurality of antenna arms of the second antenna 710 may terminate at a passive antenna terminal 712. In some embodiments, each of the one or more antenna arms may be geometrically configured to provide optimal radiated coupling and / or communication between the first antenna 706 and the second antenna 710. Generally, the second antenna 710 may take any form and / or shape to fit within the overall form factor of the analyte sensor system 700.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first antenna arm 710a and the second antenna arm 710b may be similar or different in length and / or shape. Additionally, the first antenna arm 710a and the second antenna arm 710b may also be straight, curved, and / or bent. In some embodiments, the first antenna arm 710a and the second antenna arm 710b may be configured such that the radiation pattern points towards the first antenna 706 and is capable of receiving radio signals, such as BLE signal 614, from the display device 110. In some embodiments, the first antenna arm 710a and the second antenna arm 710b may be in the form of zigzag lines and / or fractals to reduce length without compromising performance.

[0092] In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be positioned in a specific manner to optimize the reception of signals (such as BLE signal 614) on an alternative signal path (such as a second set of signal paths 618) when the signal path associated with the first antenna 706 (e.g., the first set of signal paths 616) is blocked. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be positioned in a specific manner to enhance the reception (or transmission) performance associated with the first antenna 706 even when the signal path associated with the first antenna 706 is not blocked. For example, in some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be located / positioned at a diagonal distance d from the first antenna 706. Figure 7 (As shown), to provide more location diversity and minimize the probability that the first antenna 706 and the second antenna 710 are simultaneously blocked. Therefore, in some embodiments, the geometry of the second antenna 710 may be configured to maximize the diagonal distance d from the first antenna 706 to a portion of the second antenna 710.

[0093] As described above, the second antenna 710 can be coupled to the passive antenna terminal 712. Additionally, as described above, the passive antenna terminal 712 may include one or more passive components, such as one or more resistors, one or more capacitors, and / or one or more inductors. In some embodiments, the resistance, capacitance, and / or inductance values ​​of one or more passive components of the passive antenna terminal 712 may depend on the topology of the second antenna 710 and its distance d from the first antenna 706. Such a configuration can maximize the re-radiated BLE signal 714 by eliminating or reducing impedance mismatch between the second antenna 710 and the passive antenna terminal 712.

[0094] In some cases, such as Figure 8 As illustrated, one or more characteristics of the BLE signal 614 (e.g., the second signal described above) received from the display device 601 may be adjusted due to reradiation by the second antenna 710 toward the first antenna 706. For example, Figure 8 Examples are shown in Figure 7 Example incident wave 802 and re-radiated wave 804 at the passive antenna terminal 712. For clarity, regarding Figure 7 describe Figure 8 In some embodiments, the incident wave 802 may include a wave originating from... Figure 7 The illustrated and described display device 601 receives a second signal (e.g., BLE signal 614). As shown, the incident wave 802 has an amplitude A. i Furthermore, as shown in the figure, when the incident wave 802 of the BLE signal 614 is re-radiated by the second antenna 710 as a re-radiated wave 804, the re-radiated wave 804 can have an amplitude A r Re-radiation. In some implementations, amplitude A iand A r They can be the same. In some implementations, amplitude A i and A r They can be different. For example, in some implementations, amplitude A r It can be lower than amplitude A i In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be configured to receive the incident wave 802 and re-radiate the wave toward the first antenna 706 at the same wavelength. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 may be configured to receive the incident wave 802 and re-radiate the wave toward the first antenna 706 at a different wavelength.

[0095] Furthermore, as shown in the figure, the re-radiation of the incident wave 802 by the second antenna 710 can cause a phase shift between the incident wave 802 and the re-radiated wave 804. For example, the incident wave 802 can be re-radiated by the second antenna 710 with a first phase θ. i The received, and re-radiated wave 804 can be received by the second antenna 710 with a second phase θ r Re-radiation, where the phase shift is equal to θ i With θ r The difference between them. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 can be configured to receive the incident wave 802 and reradiate the wave toward the first antenna 706 with the same phase θ. In some embodiments, the incident wave 802 and the reradiated wave 804 may have the same amplitude. In some embodiments, the second antenna 710 and / or the passive antenna terminal 712 can be configured to modify the amplitude of the reradiated wave 804.

[0096] In some embodiments, the incident wave 802 may be a wave from the BLE signal 614 that reaches a portion of the second antenna 710 (e.g., the second set of signal paths 618). When the incident wave 802 reaches the second antenna 710 and / or the passive antenna terminal 712, the incident wave 802 is reradiated as a re-radiated wave 804 toward the first antenna 706 and / or the main antenna terminal 708. In some embodiments, the incident wave 802 may be a wave from the BLE signal 614 received via the second set of signal paths 618, and the re-radiated wave 804 may be a wave from the re-radiated BLE signal 714.

[0097] Although Figure 7 and Figure 8An example is illustrated by the BLE signal 614 received by the analyte sensor system 700; however, in some embodiments, the second antenna 710 operates bidirectionally. For example, a radio transmitter (e.g., a BLE transmitter) can propagate radio signals from the radio transmitter such that the propagating wave leaving the radio transmitter acts in a manner similar to the incident wave 802. In such embodiments, the second antenna 710 can reflect the radio signals and re-radiate them to the display device 601 (i.e., in the opposite wave direction to that described regarding the received radio signals). Therefore, the second antenna 710 can provide continuous and consistent communication between the analyte sensor system 700 and the display device 601.

[0098] Example Operation

[0099] Figure 9 A method 900 for wireless communication by an analyte sensor system, such as regarding..., is shown. Figure 1 8. Description and description of the analytical material sensor system. Figure 2 and Figure 5 The analyte sensor system 208 described and illustrated and / or about Figure 7 Analytical sensor system 700, which is described and depicted.

[0100] Method 900 begins at step 905, generating analyte data correlated with the user's analyte level in the analyte sensor system. In some cases, this step refers to operations such as those described in reference... Figure 11 The circuitry and / or code described for generation, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0101] Then, method 900 proceeds to step 910, where a first signal, including at least the analyte data, is transmitted to the display device using the first antenna of the antenna system of the analyte sensor system. In some cases, this step refers to the operation as described in reference... Figure 11 The circuitry and / or code described for transmitting, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0102] Then, method 900 proceeds to step 915, receiving a second signal including an operation command from the display device using the first antenna, wherein: transmitting the first signal includes: receiving the first signal from the first antenna using the second antenna of the antenna system of the analyte sensor system. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to, as referenced... Figure 11 The circuitry and / or code described for receiving, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0103] Then, method 900 proceeds to step 920, where the first signal is re-radiated toward the display device using the second antenna. In some cases, this step refers to... (refer to...) Figure 11 The circuitry and / or code for re-radiation described, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0104] Then, method 900 proceeds to step 925, receiving the second signal including: receiving the second signal from the display device using a second antenna. In some cases, this step refers to the operation as described in reference... Figure 11 The circuitry and / or code described for receiving, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0105] Then, method 900 proceeds to step 930, re-radiating the second signal towards the first antenna using the second antenna. In some cases, this step refers to the operation as described in reference... Figure 11 The circuitry and / or code for re-radiation described, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0106] In some respects, the first antenna and circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0107] In some respects, the second antenna is included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0108] In some aspects, the second antenna is located outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0109] In some aspects, the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0110] In some respects, the first antenna includes the main antenna; and the second antenna includes a passive antenna.

[0111] In some respects, passive antennas include at least one of dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antennas.

[0112] In some cases, passive antennas are integrated onto the circuit board.

[0113] In some respects, passive antennas include portions that extend from the circuit board.

[0114] In some cases, passive antennas extend to the external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0115] In some respects, a passive antenna includes a passive antenna terminal; and a passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0116] In some respects, one or more antenna arms include multiple arms coupled to passive antenna terminals.

[0117] In some respects, passive antennas are grounded at the passive antenna terminals.

[0118] In some respects, passive antenna terminals include one or more passive electrical components.

[0119] In some respects, one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

[0120] In some respects, the electrical characteristics of one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and the electrical characteristics include at least one of resistance, capacitance or inductance.

[0121] In some respects, the geometry of the passive antenna roughly matches that of the main antenna.

[0122] In some respects, the geometry of a passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

[0123] In some respects, the geometry of passive antennas is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

[0124] In some respects, the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

[0125] In some respects, the main antenna includes at least one of dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antennas.

[0126] In some respects, the operating instructions include at least one of the following: configuration instructions, initial pairing instructions, keep active instructions, disconnect instructions, or instructions to send analyte data.

[0127] In some respects, at least one of the following holds true: the first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second re-radiated signal includes a second identical wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0128] In some respects, at least one of the following holds true: the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0129] In some aspects, method 900 further includes modifying the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal. In some cases, this step refers to, as referenced... Figure 11The circuit and / or code described for modification, or that can be executed by the circuit and / or the code.

[0130] In some respects, at least one of the following holds true: the phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or the phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

[0131] In some respects, the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal are transmitted according to wireless communication technology.

[0132] In some respects, wireless communication technologies include at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0133] In one aspect, method 900 or any aspect thereof may be made by means of a device (such as...) Figure 11 The health monitoring device 1100 is used to perform the method 900. The device includes various components that are operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 900. The health monitoring device 1100 is described in further detail below.

[0134] It should be noted that Figure 9 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods that include fewer, additional, or alternative steps may also be consistent with this disclosure.

[0135] Figure 10 An example of a method for communication between an analyte sensor system and a display device in an analyte monitoring system is shown. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system can be about... Figure 1 8. Description and description of the analytical material sensor system. Figure 2 and Figure 5 The analyte sensor system 208 described and illustrated and / or about Figure 7 An example of an analytical substance sensor system 700 is depicted and described. In some embodiments, the display device may be about... Figure 1 The depicted and described display devices 110, 120, 130 and 140, partner device 136 and / or server system 134 and / or related information Figure 2 Examples of display devices 210, partner devices 215, or server systems 234 that are depicted and described.

[0136] Method 1000 begins at step 1005, where the analyte sensor system generates analyte data correlated with the analyte level of the user of the analyte sensor system. In some cases, this step refers to operations as described in reference... Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code described for generation, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0137] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1010, where the analyte sensor system transmits a first signal, including at least analyte data, to the display device using the first antenna of the first antenna system of the analyte sensor system. In some cases, this step refers to the operation as described in reference... Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code described for transmitting, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0138] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1015, wherein a first signal, including at least analyte data, is received by a display device using a second antenna system from the analyte sensor system. In some cases, this step refers to the operation as described in reference... Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code described for receiving, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0139] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1020, where a display device displays the analyte data received from the first antenna of the analyte sensor system to the user. In some cases, this step refers to the operation as described in reference... Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code described for display, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0140] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1025, where the display device uses the second antenna system to send a second signal, including an operation command, to the analyte sensor system. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to, as referenced... Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code described for transmitting, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0141] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1030, where the analyte sensor system receives a second signal including an operation command from the display device using a first antenna, wherein: sending the first signal includes: the analyte sensor system receiving the first signal from the first antenna using a second antenna of the first antenna system of the analyte sensor system. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to, as referenced... Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code described for receiving, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0142] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1035, where the analyte sensor system re-radiates the first signal toward the display device using a second antenna. In some cases, this step refers to... (refer to...) Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code for re-radiation described, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0143] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1040, receiving the second signal including: the analyte sensor system receiving the second signal from the display device using a second antenna. In some cases, this step refers to... (refer to...) Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code described for receiving, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0144] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1045, where the analyte sensor system re-radiates the second signal toward the first antenna using the second antenna. In some cases, this step refers to... (refer to...) Figure 12 The circuitry and / or code for re-radiation described, or that can be executed by the circuitry and / or the code.

[0145] In some respects, the first antenna and circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0146] In some respects, the second antenna is included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0147] In some aspects, the second antenna is located outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0148] In some aspects, the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0149] In some respects, the first antenna includes the main antenna; and the second antenna includes a passive antenna.

[0150] In some respects, passive antennas include at least one of dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antennas.

[0151] In some cases, passive antennas are integrated onto the circuit board.

[0152] In some respects, passive antennas include portions that extend from the circuit board.

[0153] In some cases, passive antennas extend to the external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0154] In some respects, a passive antenna includes a passive antenna terminal; and a passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0155] In some respects, one or more antenna arms include multiple arms coupled to passive antenna terminals.

[0156] In some respects, passive antennas are grounded at the passive antenna terminals.

[0157] In some respects, passive antenna terminals include one or more passive electrical components.

[0158] In some respects, one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

[0159] In some respects, the electrical characteristics of one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and the electrical characteristics include at least one of resistance, capacitance or inductance.

[0160] In some respects, the geometry of the passive antenna roughly matches that of the main antenna.

[0161] In some respects, the geometry of a passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

[0162] In some respects, the geometry of passive antennas is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

[0163] In some respects, the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

[0164] In some respects, the main antenna includes at least one of dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antennas.

[0165] In some respects, the operating instructions include at least one of the following: configuration instructions, initial pairing instructions, keep active instructions, disconnect instructions, or instructions to send analyte data.

[0166] In some respects, at least one of the following holds true: the first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second re-radiated signal includes a second identical wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0167] In some respects, at least one of the following holds true: the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0168] In some aspects, method 1000 further includes modifying the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal. In some cases, this step refers to, as referenced... Figure 12 The circuit and / or code described for modification, or that can be executed by the circuit and / or the code.

[0169] In some respects, at least one of the following holds true: the phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or the phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

[0170] In some respects, the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal are transmitted according to wireless communication technology.

[0171] In some respects, wireless communication technologies include at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0172] In one aspect, method 1000 or any aspect thereof may be made by means of a device (such as...) Figure 12 The health monitoring device 1200 is used to perform the method 1000. The device includes various components that are operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 1000. The health monitoring device 1200 is described in further detail below.

[0173] It should be noted that Figure 10 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods that include fewer, additional, or alternative steps may also be consistent with this disclosure.

[0174] Example communication device

[0175] Figure 11 Various aspects of an example health monitoring device 1100 are depicted. In some aspects, the health monitoring device 1100 is an analyte sensor system, such as regarding... Figure 1 8. Analyte sensor system described Figure 2 and Figure 5 Analyte sensor system 208 and / or Figure 7 The analyte sensor system 700.

[0176] The health monitoring device 1100 includes a processing system 1105 coupled to a transceiver 1175 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver). The transceiver 1175 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the health monitoring device 1100, such as the various signals and messages described herein, via a first antenna system 1180. The processing system 1105 may be configured to perform processing functions for the health monitoring device 1100, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the health monitoring device 1100.

[0177] Processing system 1105 includes one or more processors 1110. In various respects, the one or more processors 1310 may represent a processor / microcontroller 535, as per [reference to...]. Figure 5 As described. One or more processors 1110 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1140 via a bus 1170. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1345 may represent a storage device 515, as described above. Figure 5As described. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1140 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by one or more processors 1110, cause one or more processors 1110 to perform actions regarding Figure 9 and Figure 10 The methods 900 and / or 1000 described, or any aspect thereof, are applicable. It should be noted that references to processors performing the functions of the health monitoring device 1100 may include one or more processors 1110 performing those functions of the health monitoring device 1100.

[0178] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1140 stores code (e.g., executable instructions), such as code 1145 for generation, code 1150 for transmission, code 1155 for reception, code 1160 for re-radiation, and code 1165 for modification. Processing the code 1145 for generation, code 1150 for transmission, code 1155 for reception, code 1160 for re-radiation, and code 1165 for modification enables the health monitoring device 1100 to perform actions related to… Figure 9 and Figure 10 Methods 900 and / or 1000 described or any aspect related to these methods.

[0179] One or more processors 1110 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in computer-readable medium / memory 1140, including circuitry such as circuitry 1115 for generation, circuitry 1120 for transmission, circuitry 1125 for reception, circuitry 1130 for re-radiation, and circuitry 1135 for modification. Processing using the circuitry 1115 for generation, the circuitry 1120 for transmission, the circuitry 1125 for reception, the circuitry 1130 for re-radiation, and the circuitry 1135 for modification enables the health monitoring device 1100 to perform operations related to... Figure 9 and Figure 10 Methods 900 and / or 1000 described or any aspect related to these methods.

[0180] Figure 12 Various aspects of an example health monitoring device 1200 are depicted. In some aspects, the health monitoring device 1200 is a display device, such as displaying information about... Figure 1 The depicted and described display devices 110, 120, 130 and 140, partner device 136 and / or server system 134 and / or related information Figure 2 The display device 210, partner device 215, or server system 234 described and illustrated.

[0181] The health monitoring device 1200 includes a processing system 1205 coupled to a transceiver 1285 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver). The transceiver 1285 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the health monitoring device 1200 via an antenna 1290, such as various signals as described herein. The processing system 1205 may be configured to perform processing functions for the health monitoring device 1200, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the health monitoring device 1200.

[0182] Processing system 1205 includes one or more processors 1210. The one or more processors 1210 are coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1245 via bus 1280. In some aspects, computer-readable medium / memory 1245 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1210, cause the one or more processors 1210 to perform actions related to… Figure 10 The method 1000 described or any aspect thereof. It should be noted that references to processors performing the functions of the health monitoring device 1200 may include one or more processors 1210 performing those functions of the health monitoring device 1200.

[0183] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1245 stores code (e.g., executable instructions), such as code 1255 for transmitting, code 1260 for receiving, and code 1265 for displaying. Processing the code 1255 for transmitting, the code 1260 for receiving, and the code 1265 for displaying can cause the health monitoring device 1200 to perform actions related to... Figure 10 The method described is 1000 or any aspect thereof.

[0184] One or more processors 1210 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1245, including circuitry such as circuitry 1220 for transmitting, circuitry 1225 for receiving, and circuitry 1230 for display. Processing of the circuitry 1220 for transmitting, the circuitry 1225 for receiving, and the circuitry 1230 for display can cause the health monitoring device 1200 to perform actions related to… Figure 10 The method described is 1000 or any aspect thereof.

[0185] Example Terms

[0186] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0187] Clause 1: An analyte sensor system comprising: an analyte sensor configured to generate analyte data associated with an analyte level of a user of the analyte sensor system; an antenna system comprising at least a first antenna and a second antenna, wherein: the first antenna is configured to: transmit a first signal to a display device including at least the analyte data; and receive a second signal from the display device including an operation command; the second antenna is configured to: receive the first signal from the first antenna and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device; and receive the second signal from the display device and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna; and a circuit board configured to operatively connect the analyte sensor to the first antenna of the antenna system.

[0188] Clause 2: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 1, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0189] Clause 3: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 2, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0190] Clause 4: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 2, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0191] Clause 5: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 4, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch that is attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0192] Clause 6: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein: the first antenna includes a main antenna; and the second antenna includes a passive antenna.

[0193] Clause 7: The analytical sensor system according to Clause 6, wherein the passive antenna includes at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0194] Clause 8: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 7, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

[0195] Clause 9: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 7, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

[0196] Clause 10: The analyte sensor according to Clause 9, wherein the passive antenna extends to the external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0197] Clause 11: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 10, wherein: the passive antenna includes a passive antenna terminal; and the passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0198] Clause 12: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 11, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0199] Clause 13: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 11 to 12, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

[0200] Clause 14: An analytical sensor system according to any one of Clauses 11 to 13, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

[0201] Clause 15: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 14, wherein the one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

[0202] Clause 16: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 14 to 15, wherein: the electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and the electrical characteristics include at least one of resistance, capacitance or inductance.

[0203] Clause 17: An analytical object sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 16, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

[0204] Clause 18: An analytical sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 16, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

[0205] Clause 19: An analytical object sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 16, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

[0206] Clause 20: An analytical sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 19, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

[0207] Clause 21: An analytical sensor system according to any one of Clauses 6 to 20, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0208] Clause 22: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 21, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to transmit the analyte data.

[0209] Clause 23: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 22, wherein at least one of the following is true: the re-radiated first signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the re-radiated second signal includes a second identical wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0210] Clause 24: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 22, wherein at least one of the following is true: the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0211] Clause 25: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 24, wherein the second antenna is configured to modify the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

[0212] Clause 26: An analyte sensor system according to Clause 25, wherein at least one of the following is true: the phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or the phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

[0213] Clause 27: The analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 26 further includes a transceiver coupled to the first antenna, the transceiver being configured to: transmit the first signal; and receive at least one of the second signal from the display device or the re-radiated signal from the second antenna.

[0214] Clause 28: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 27, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a signal including the first signal, the second signal and the re-radiated second signal according to a wireless communication technology.

[0215] Clause 29: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 28, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0216] Clause 30: An analyte sensor system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 29, the analyte sensor system further comprising one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein the circuit board is further configured to operatively connect the one or more processors and the one or more memories to the analyte sensor, the first antenna, and the transceiver.

[0217] Clause 31: The analyte sensor system according to Clause 30, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: obtain analyte data from the analyte sensor and process the analyte data; and provide the processed analyte data to the transceiver for transmission via the first antenna.

[0218] Clause 32: An antenna system for transmitting analyte data, the antenna system comprising: a first antenna operatively coupled to an analyte sensor via a circuit board, wherein the first antenna is configured to: transmit a first signal to a display device including at least the analyte data; and receive a second signal from the display device including an operation command; and a second antenna configured to: receive the first signal from the first antenna and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device; and receive the second signal from the display device and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna.

[0219] Clause 33: The antenna system according to Clause 32, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the antenna system.

[0220] Clause 34: The antenna system according to Clause 33, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the antenna system.

[0221] Clause 35: The antenna system according to Clause 33, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the antenna system.

[0222] Clause 36: The antenna system according to Clause 35, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch that is attached to the exterior of the housing of the antenna system.

[0223] Clause 37: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 32 to 36, wherein: the first antenna includes a main antenna; and the second antenna includes a passive antenna.

[0224] Clause 38: The antenna system pursuant to Clause 37, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0225] Clause 39: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 38, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

[0226] Clause 40: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 39, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

[0227] Clause 41: The analytical sensor according to Clause 40, wherein the passive antenna extends to the external portion of the housing of the antenna system.

[0228] Clause 42: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 41, wherein: the passive antenna includes a passive antenna terminal; and the passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0229] Clause 43: The antenna system according to Clause 42, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0230] Clause 44: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 42 to 43, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

[0231] Clause 45: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 42 to 44, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

[0232] Clause 46: The antenna system pursuant to Clause 45, wherein the one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

[0233] Clause 47: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 45 to 46, wherein: the electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and the electrical characteristics include at least one of resistance, capacitance or inductance.

[0234] Clause 48: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 47, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

[0235] Clause 49: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 47, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

[0236] Clause 50: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 47, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

[0237] Clause 51: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 50, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

[0238] Clause 52: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 37 to 51, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0239] Clause 53: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 32 to 52, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-alive instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to transmit the analyte data.

[0240] Clause 54: An antenna system pursuant to any one of Clauses 32 to 53, wherein at least one of the following is true: the first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second re-radiated signal includes a second identical wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0241] Clause 55: An antenna system pursuant to any one of Clauses 32 to 53, wherein at least one of the following is true: the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0242] Clause 56: An antenna system according to any one of Clauses 32 to 55, wherein the second antenna is configured to modify the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

[0243] Clause 57: An antenna system pursuant to Clause 56, wherein at least one of the following is true: the phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or the phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

[0244] Clause 58: The antenna system according to any one of Clauses 32 to 57, the analyte sensor system further includes a transceiver coupled to the first antenna, the transceiver being configured to: transmit the first signal; and receive at least one of the second signal from the display device or the re-radiated signal from the second antenna.

[0245] Clause 59: The antenna system according to Clause 58, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a signal including the first signal, the second signal and the re-radiated second signal according to a wireless communication technology.

[0246] Clause 60: The antenna system pursuant to Clause 59, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0247] Clause 61: The antenna system according to any one of Clauses 32 to 60, the analyte sensor system further includes one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein the circuit board is further configured to operatively connect the one or more processors and the one or more memories to the analyte sensor, the first antenna, and the transceiver.

[0248] Clause 62: The antenna system according to Clause 61, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: obtain analyte data from the analyte sensor and process the analyte data; and provide the processed analyte data to the transceiver for transmission via the first antenna.

[0249] Clause 63: An analyte monitoring system comprising: a display device; and an analyte sensor system comprising: an analyte sensor configured to generate analyte data associated with an analyte level for a user of the analyte sensor system; a first antenna configured to: transmit a first signal to the display device including at least the analyte data; and receive a second signal from the display device including an operation command; a second antenna configured to: receive the first signal from the first antenna and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device; and receive the second signal from the display device and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna; and a circuit board configured to operatively connect the analyte sensor to the first antenna, wherein the display device is configured to display to the user the analyte data received from the first antenna of the analyte sensor system.

[0250] Clause 64: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 63, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte monitoring system.

[0251] Clause 65: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 64, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte monitoring system.

[0252] Clause 66: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 64, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte monitoring system.

[0253] Clause 67: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 66, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch that is attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte monitoring system.

[0254] Clause 68: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 63 to 67, wherein: the first antenna includes a main antenna; and the second antenna includes a passive antenna.

[0255] Clause 69: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 68, wherein the passive antenna includes at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0256] Clause 70: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 69, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

[0257] Clause 71: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 70, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

[0258] Clause 72: The analyte sensor according to Clause 71, wherein the passive antenna extends to the external portion of the housing of the analyte monitoring system.

[0259] Clause 73: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 72, wherein: the passive antenna includes a passive antenna terminal; and the passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0260] Clause 74: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 73, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0261] Clause 75: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 73 to 74, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

[0262] Clause 76: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 73 to 75, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

[0263] Clause 77: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 76, wherein the one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor or an inductor.

[0264] Clause 78: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 76 to 77, wherein: the electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and the electrical characteristics include at least one of resistance, capacitance, or inductance.

[0265] Clause 79: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 78, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

[0266] Clause 80: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 78, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

[0267] Clause 81: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 78, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

[0268] Clause 82: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 81, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

[0269] Clause 83: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 68 to 82, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0270] Clause 84: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 63 to 83, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to send the analyte data.

[0271] Clause 85: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 63 to 84, wherein at least one of the following is true: the first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second re-radiated signal includes a second identical wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0272] Clause 86: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 63 to 84, wherein at least one of the following is true: the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0273] Clause 87: An analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 63 to 86, wherein the second antenna is configured to modify the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

[0274] Clause 88: An analyte monitoring system pursuant to Clause 87, wherein at least one of the following is true: the phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or the phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

[0275] Clause 89: The analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 63 to 88 further includes a transceiver coupled to the first antenna, the transceiver being configured to: transmit the first signal; and receive at least one of the second signal from the display device or the re-radiated signal from the second antenna.

[0276] Clause 90: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 89, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a signal including the first signal, the second signal and the re-radiated second signal according to wireless communication technology.

[0277] Clause 91: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 90, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0278] Clause 92: The analyte monitoring system according to any one of Clauses 63 to 91 further includes one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein the circuit board is further configured to operatively connect the one or more processors and the one or more memories to the analyte sensor, the first antenna, and the transceiver.

[0279] Clause 93: The analyte monitoring system according to Clause 92, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: acquire analyte data from the analyte sensor and process the analyte data; and provide the processed analyte data to the transceiver for transmission via the first antenna.

[0280] Clause 94: A method for wireless communication using an analyte sensor system, the method comprising: generating analyte data associated with an analyte level of a user of the analyte sensor system; transmitting a first signal, including at least the analyte data, to a display device using a first antenna of an antenna system of the analyte sensor system; receiving a second signal, including an operation command, from the display device using the first antenna, wherein: transmitting the first signal comprises: receiving the first signal from the first antenna using a second antenna of the antenna system of the analyte sensor system; re-radiating the first signal toward the display device using a second antenna; receiving the second signal comprises: receiving the second signal from the display device using the second antenna; and re-radiating the second signal toward the first antenna using the second antenna.

[0281] Clause 95: The method according to Clause 94, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0282] Clause 96: The method according to Clause 95, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0283] Clause 97: The method according to Clause 95, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0284] Clause 98: The method according to Clause 97, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch that is attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0285] Clause 99: The method according to any one of Clauses 94 to 98, wherein: the first antenna includes a main antenna; and the second antenna includes a passive antenna.

[0286] Clause 100: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0287] Clause 101: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

[0288] Clause 102: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

[0289] Clause 103: The method according to Clause 102, wherein the passive antenna extends to the external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0290] Clause 104: The method according to Clause 99, wherein: the passive antenna includes a passive antenna terminal; and the passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0291] Clause 105: The method according to Clause 104, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0292] Clause 106: The method according to Clause 104, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

[0293] Clause 107: The method according to Clause 104, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

[0294] Clause 108: The method according to Clause 107, wherein the one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor or an inductor.

[0295] Clause 109: The method according to Clause 107, wherein: the electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and the electrical characteristics include at least one of resistance, capacitance or inductance.

[0296] Clause 110: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

[0297] Clause 111: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

[0298] Clause 112: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

[0299] Clause 113: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

[0300] Clause 114: The method according to Clause 99, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0301] Clause 115: The method according to any one of Clauses 94 to 114, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnection instruction, or an instruction to send the analyte data.

[0302] Clause 116: The method according to any one of Clauses 94 to 115, wherein at least one of the following is true: the first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second re-radiated signal includes a second identical wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0303] Clause 117: The method according to any one of Clauses 94 to 116, wherein at least one of the following is true: the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0304] Clause 118: The method according to any one of Clauses 94 to 116 further includes modifying the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

[0305] Clause 119: The method according to Clause 118, wherein at least one of the following is true: the phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or the phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

[0306] Clause 120: The method according to any one of Clauses 94 to 119, wherein the first signal, the second signal and the re-radiated second signal are transmitted according to wireless communication technology.

[0307] Clause 121: The method described in Clause 120, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0308] Clause 122: A method for wireless communication between an analyte sensor system and a display device in an analyte monitoring system, the method comprising: generating analyte data associated with an analyte level of a user of the analyte sensor system by the analyte sensor system; transmitting a first signal, including at least the analyte data, from the analyte sensor system to the display device using a first antenna of a first antenna system of the analyte sensor system; receiving the first signal, including at least the analyte data, from the analyte sensor system by the display device using a second antenna system; displaying the analyte data received from the first antenna of the analyte sensor system to the user by the display device; and receiving the first signal, including at least the analyte data, from the analyte sensor system by the display device using the second antenna system. The linear system sends a second signal including an operation command to the analyte sensor system; the analyte sensor system receives the second signal including the operation command from the display device using the first antenna, wherein: sending the first signal includes: the analyte sensor system receiving the first signal from the first antenna using a second antenna of the first antenna system of the analyte sensor system; the analyte sensor system re-radiating the first signal toward the display device using the second antenna; receiving the second signal includes: the analyte sensor system receiving the second signal from the display device using the second antenna; and the analyte sensor system re-radiating the second signal toward the first antenna using the second antenna.

[0309] Clause 123: The method according to Clause 122, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0310] Clause 124: The method according to Clause 123, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0311] Clause 125: The method according to Clause 123, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0312] Clause 126: The method according to Clause 125, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch that is attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0313] Clause 127: The method according to any one of Clauses 122 to 126, wherein: the first antenna includes a main antenna; and the second antenna includes a passive antenna.

[0314] Clause 128: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0315] Clause 129: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

[0316] Clause 130: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

[0317] Clause 131: The method according to Clause 130, wherein the passive antenna extends to the external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

[0318] Clause 132: The method according to Clause 127, wherein: the passive antenna includes a passive antenna terminal; and the passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0319] Clause 133: The method according to Clause 132, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

[0320] Clause 134: The method according to Clause 132, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

[0321] Clause 135: The method according to Clause 132, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

[0322] Clause 136: The method according to Clause 135, wherein the one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor or an inductor.

[0323] Clause 137: The method according to Clause 135, wherein: the electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and the electrical characteristics include at least one of resistance, capacitance or inductance.

[0324] Clause 138: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

[0325] Clause 139: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

[0326] Clause 140: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

[0327] Clause 141: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

[0328] Clause 142: The method according to Clause 127, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

[0329] Clause 143: The method according to any one of Clauses 122 to 142, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnection instruction, or an instruction to send the analyte data.

[0330] Clause 144: The method according to any one of Clauses 122 to 143, wherein at least one of the following is true: the first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second re-radiated signal includes a second identical wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0331] Clause 145: The method according to any one of Clauses 122 to 144, wherein at least one of the following is true: the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or the second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

[0332] Clause 146: The method according to any one of Clauses 122 to 145 further includes modifying the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

[0333] Clause 147: The method according to Clause 146, wherein at least one of the following is true: the phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or the phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

[0334] Clause 148: The method according to any one of Clauses 122 to 147, wherein the first signal, the second signal and the re-radiated second signal are transmitted according to wireless communication technology.

[0335] Clause 149: The method described in Clause 148, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

[0336] Clause 150: An apparatus comprising: at least one memory including executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform any combination of methods pursuant to Clauses 94 to 149.

[0337] Clause 151: An apparatus comprising means for performing a method according to any combination of clauses 94 to 149.

[0338] Clause 152: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device to perform any combination of methods described in Clauses 94 to 149.

[0339] Clause 153: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, said computer-readable storage medium including code for performing methods according to any combination of clauses 94 to 149.

[0340] Other precautions

[0341] In this document, the terms “computer program medium” and “computer-usable medium” and “computer-readable medium” and their variations are generally used to refer to transient or non-transient media. These and other various forms of computer program media or computer-usable / readable media may involve delivering one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a processing device for execution. Such instructions embodied on the medium are generally referred to as “computer program code” or “computer program product” or “instructions” (which may be grouped in the form of computer programs or other groups). When executed, such instructions enable computing modules, such as analyte sensor system 208, analyte sensor system 600 and / or analyte sensor system 700, associated circuitry, and / or their processors or processors connected thereto, to perform features or functions of this disclosure as discussed herein (e.g., in conjunction with the methods described above and / or in the claims), including, for example, when the features or functions are incorporated into a system, apparatus, device, etc.

[0342] Various embodiments have been described with reference to their specific illustrative features. However, it will be apparent that various modifications and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the various embodiments set forth in the appended claims. Therefore, this specification and the drawings should be understood in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. It will be understood that, for clarity, the above description has referred to different functional units in describing embodiments. However, it will be apparent that any suitable functional distribution among the different functional units can be used without departing from the invention. For example, a function shown to be performed by separate computing devices may be performed by the same computing device. Similarly, a function shown to be performed by a single computing device may be distributed across several computing devices. Therefore, references to specific functional units are to be regarded only as references to suitable means for providing the described functions, and not as indications of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

[0343] Although described above with reference to various example embodiments and specific implementations, it should be understood that the various features, aspects, and functions described in one or more individual embodiments are not limited to the specific embodiments in which they are described, but can be applied individually or in various combinations to one or more other embodiments of this application, whether or not such embodiments are described, and whether or not such features are presented as part of the described embodiments. Therefore, the breadth and scope of this application should not be limited by any of the example embodiments described above.

[0344] Unless otherwise expressly stated, the terms and phrases used in this application, and their variations, should be understood as open-ended rather than restrictive. As an example, the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to”, etc.; the term “example” is used to provide illustrative instances of the items under discussion, not an exhaustive or restrictive list thereof; the terms “a” or “an” should be interpreted as “at least one,” “one or more,” etc.; the term “set” should be interpreted as including one or more objects of the types included in the set; and adjectives such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “normal,” “standard,” “known,” and similar terms should not be construed as limiting the described items to a given time period or to items available up to a given time, but should be interpreted as encompassing conventional, traditional, normal, or standard techniques available or known at any time now or in the future. Similarly, in some cases, the plural may be considered applicable to the singular, and vice versa. Likewise, where this document refers to techniques that are obvious or known to a person skilled in the art, such techniques encompass those techniques that are obvious or known to a person skilled in the art at any time now or in the future.

[0345] In some cases, the appearance of expansive terms and phrases such as "one or more," "at least," "but not limited to," or other similar phrases should not be interpreted as indicating an intention or need to narrow the scope in situations where such expansive phrases might not be present. The use of the term "module" does not imply that the components or functionalities described or required to be part of a module are configured within a common package. In fact, any or all of the various components of a module, whether control logic, circuitry, or other components, may be combined in a single package or maintained individually and may be further distributed across multiple groups or packages or across multiple locations.

[0346] Furthermore, the various embodiments described herein are based on exemplary block diagrams, flowcharts, and other illustrations. As will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this document, the illustrated embodiments and various alternatives thereof can be implemented without being limited to the illustrated examples. For example, the block diagrams and their accompanying descriptions should not be construed as requiring a particular architecture or configuration. Moreover, the operation and sub-operations of the various methods described herein are not necessarily limited to the order described or shown in the accompanying drawings, and those skilled in the art will understand upon studying this disclosure that variations in the order of operations described herein are within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by executing computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus (such as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, etc.) in a sensor electronic device system to produce a machine, such that the instructions executing on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create instructions for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart blocks. These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can instruct the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of art including instructions for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart blocks. Computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart boxes presented herein.

[0347] It should be understood that all methods and processes disclosed herein can be used in any continuous or intermittent glucose or other analyte monitoring system. It should also be understood that the implementation and / or execution of all methods and processes can be performed by any suitable device or system, whether local or remote. Furthermore, any combination of devices or systems can be used to implement these methods and processes.

[0348] Additionally, in some cases, the operations and sub-operations described herein may be practiced or implemented by one or more of the components, elements, devices, modules, circuits, processors, etc., of the systems, apparatuses, devices, environments, and / or computing modules described herein and referenced in the various figures of this disclosure, as well as one or more sub-components, elements, devices, modules, processors, circuits, etc., depicted therein and / or described with respect to them. In such instances, the description of a method or aspect thereof may refer to the corresponding component, element, etc., but regardless of whether it is explicitly referenced, those skilled in the art will recognize when the corresponding component, element, etc., can be used upon studying this disclosure. Furthermore, it will be understood that such references do not necessarily limit the described methods to the specific component, element, etc., referenced. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that the aspects and features described above in connection with (sub)components, elements, devices, modules, and circuits, etc. (including variations thereof), without departing from the scope of this disclosure, can be applied to various operations described in connection with the methods described herein, and vice versa.

Claims

1. An analyte sensor system, the analyte sensor system comprising: An analyte sensor configured to generate analyte data associated with the analyte level of a user of the analyte sensor system; Antenna system, the antenna system comprising at least a first antenna and a second antenna, wherein: The first antenna is configured as follows: Send a first signal to the display device, including at least the data of the analyte; and Receive a second signal including an operation command from the display device; The second antenna is configured as follows: Receive the first signal from the first antenna, and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device; and Receive the second signal from the display device, and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna; and A circuit board configured to connect the analyte sensor to the first antenna ground of the antenna system.

2. The analyte sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

3. The analyte sensor system of claim 2, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

4. The analyte sensor system according to claim 2, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

5. The analyte sensor system of claim 4, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch, the adhesive patch being attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

6. The analyte sensor system according to claim 1, wherein: The first antenna includes a main antenna; and The second antenna includes a passive antenna.

7. The analyte sensor system according to claim 6, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

8. The analyte sensor system according to claim 6, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

9. The analyte sensor system of claim 6, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

10. The analyte sensor system of claim 9, wherein the passive antenna extends to an external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

11. The analyte sensor system according to claim 6, wherein: The passive antenna includes passive antenna terminals; and The passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminals.

12. The analyte sensor system of claim 11, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

13. The analyte sensor system of claim 11, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

14. The analyte sensor system of claim 11, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

15. The analyte sensor system of claim 14, wherein the one or more passive electrical components comprise at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

16. The analyte sensor system according to claim 14, wherein: The electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and The electrical characteristic includes at least one of resistance, capacitance, or inductance.

17. The analyte sensor system of claim 6, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

18. The analyte sensor system of claim 6, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

19. The analyte sensor system of claim 6, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

20. The analyte sensor system of claim 6, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

21. The analyte sensor system of claim 6, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

22. The analyte sensor system of claim 1, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to send the analyte data.

23. The analyte sensor system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the following is true: The first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The re-radiated second signal includes a second wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

24. The analyte sensor system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the following is true: The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

25. The analyte sensor system of claim 1, wherein the second antenna is configured to modify the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

26. The analyte sensor system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the following is true: The phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or The phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

27. The analyte sensor system of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the first antenna, the transceiver being configured to: Send the first signal; and Receive the second signal from the display device or receive the re-radiated signal from the second antenna.

28. The analyte sensor system of claim 27, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a signal comprising the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal according to a wireless communication technology.

29. The analyte sensor system of claim 28, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

30. The analyte sensor system of claim 1, further comprising one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein the circuit board is further configured to operatively connect the one or more processors and the one or more memories to the analyte sensor, the first antenna, and the transceiver.

31. The analyte sensor system of claim 30, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: Obtaining analyte data from the analyte sensor and processing the analyte data; and The processed analyte data is provided to the transceiver for transmission via the first antenna.

32. An antenna system for transmitting data of an analyte, the antenna system comprising: A first antenna is operatively coupled to the analyte sensor via a circuit board, wherein the first antenna is configured to: Send a first signal to the display device, including at least the data of the analyte; and Receive a second signal including an operation command from the display device; as well as The second antenna is configured as follows: Receive the first signal from the first antenna, and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device; as well as Receive the second signal from the display device and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna.

33. The antenna system of claim 32, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

34. The antenna system of claim 33, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

35. The antenna system of claim 33, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

36. The antenna system of claim 35, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch, the adhesive patch being attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

37. The antenna system according to claim 32, wherein: The first antenna includes a main antenna; and The second antenna includes a passive antenna.

38. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, a monopole, a loop, an inverted-F, or a fractal antenna.

39. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

40. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

41. The antenna system of claim 40, wherein the passive antenna extends to the external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

42. The antenna system according to claim 37, wherein: The passive antenna includes passive antenna terminals; and The passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminals.

43. The antenna system of claim 42, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

44. The antenna system of claim 42, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

45. The antenna system of claim 42, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

46. ​​The antenna system of claim 45, wherein the one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

47. The antenna system according to claim 45, wherein: The electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and The electrical characteristic includes at least one of resistance, capacitance, or inductance.

48. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

49. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

50. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

51. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

52. The antenna system of claim 37, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, a monopole, a loop, an inverted-F, or a fractal antenna.

53. The antenna system of claim 32, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to transmit the analyte data.

54. The antenna system of claim 32, wherein at least one of the following is true: The first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The re-radiated second signal includes a second wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

55. The antenna system of claim 32, wherein at least one of the following is true: The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

56. The antenna system of claim 32, wherein the second antenna is configured to modify the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

57. The antenna system of claim 56, wherein at least one of the following is true: The phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or The phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

58. The antenna system of claim 32, wherein the analyte sensor system further comprises a transceiver coupled to the first antenna, the transceiver being configured to: Send the first signal; and Receive the second signal from the display device or receive the re-radiated signal from the second antenna.

59. The antenna system of claim 58, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a signal comprising the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal according to a wireless communication technology.

60. The antenna system of claim 59, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

61. The antenna system of claim 32, wherein the analyte sensor system further comprises one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein the circuit board is further configured to operatively connect the one or more processors and the one or more memories to the analyte sensor, the first antenna, and the transceiver.

62. The antenna system of claim 61, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: Obtaining analyte data from the analyte sensor and processing the analyte data; and The processed analyte data is provided to the transceiver for transmission via the first antenna.

63. An analyte monitoring system, the analyte monitoring system comprising: Display devices; and An analyte sensor system, the analyte sensor system comprising: An analyte sensor configured to generate analyte data associated with the analyte level of a user of the analyte sensor system; The first antenna is configured as follows: Sending a first signal, including at least the data of the analyte, to the display device; and Receive a second signal including an operation command from the display device; The second antenna is configured as follows: Receive the first signal from the first antenna, and re-radiate the first signal toward the display device; and Receive the second signal from the display device, and re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna; and A circuit board configured to operatively connect the analyte sensor to the first antenna, wherein the display device is configured to: Receive the first signal, which includes at least the analyte data; Displaying the analyte data received from the first antenna of the analyte sensor system to the user; and Send the second signal, which includes the operation command.

64. The analyte monitoring system of claim 63, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

65. The analyte monitoring system of claim 64, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

66. The analyte monitoring system of claim 64, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

67. The analyte monitoring system of claim 66, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch, the adhesive patch being attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

68. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 63, wherein: The first antenna includes a main antenna; and The second antenna includes a passive antenna.

69. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 68, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

70. The analyte monitoring system of claim 68, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

71. The analyte monitoring system of claim 68, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

72. The analyte monitoring system of claim 71, wherein the passive antenna extends to the external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

73. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 68, wherein: The passive antenna includes passive antenna terminals; and The passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminals.

74. The analyte monitoring system of claim 73, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

75. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 73, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

76. The analyte monitoring system of claim 73, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

77. The analyte monitoring system of claim 76, wherein the one or more passive electrical components comprise at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

78. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 76, wherein: The electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and The electrical characteristic includes at least one of resistance, capacitance, or inductance.

79. The analyte monitoring system of claim 68, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

80. The analyte monitoring system of claim 68, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

81. The analyte monitoring system of claim 68, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

82. The analyte monitoring system of claim 68, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

83. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 68, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, monopole, loop, inverted-F, or fractal antenna.

84. The analyte monitoring system of claim 63, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnection instruction, or an instruction to send the analyte data.

85. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 63, wherein at least one of the following is true: The first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The re-radiated second signal includes a second wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

86. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 63, wherein at least one of the following is true: The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

87. The analyte monitoring system of claim 63, wherein the second antenna is configured to modify the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

88. The analyte monitoring system according to claim 87, wherein at least one of the following is true: The phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or The phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

89. The analyte monitoring system of claim 63, wherein the analyte sensor system further comprises a transceiver coupled to the first antenna, the transceiver being configured to: Send the first signal; and Receive the second signal from the display device or receive the re-radiated signal from the second antenna.

90. The analyte monitoring system of claim 89, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a signal comprising the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal according to a wireless communication technology.

91. The analyte monitoring system of claim 90, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

92. The analyte monitoring system of claim 63, wherein the analyte sensor system further comprises one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein the circuit board is further configured to operatively connect the one or more processors and the one or more memories to the analyte sensor, the first antenna, and the transceiver.

93. The analyte monitoring system of claim 92, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: Obtaining analyte data from the analyte sensor and processing the analyte data; and The processed analyte data is provided to the transceiver for transmission via the first antenna.

94. A method for wireless communication from an analyte sensor system, the method comprising: Generate analyte data that is correlated with the user's analyte level in the analyte sensor system; The first antenna of the antenna system of the analyte sensor system transmits a first signal, including at least the analyte data, to the display device. The first antenna is used to receive a second signal, including an operation command, from the display device, wherein: Sending the first signal includes: The second antenna of the antenna system using the analyte sensor system receives the first signal from the first antenna; and The first signal is re-radiated toward the display device using the second antenna; and Receiving the second signal includes: Receive the second signal from the display device using the second antenna; and The second antenna is used to re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna.

95. The method of claim 94, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

96. The method of claim 95, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

97. The method of claim 95, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

98. The method of claim 97, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch, the adhesive patch being attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

99. The method according to claim 94, wherein: The first antenna includes a main antenna; and The second antenna includes a passive antenna.

100. The method of claim 99, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, a monopole, a loop, an inverted-F, or a fractal antenna.

101. The method of claim 99, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

102. The method of claim 99, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

103. The method of claim 102, wherein the passive antenna extends to an external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

104. The method according to claim 99, wherein: The passive antenna includes passive antenna terminals; and The passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminals.

105. The method of claim 104, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

106. The method of claim 104, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

107. The method of claim 104, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

108. The method of claim 107, wherein the one or more passive electrical components include at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

109. The method according to claim 107, wherein: The electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and The electrical characteristic includes at least one of resistance, capacitance, or inductance.

110. The method of claim 99, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

111. The method of claim 99, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

112. The method of claim 99, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

113. The method of claim 99, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

114. The method of claim 99, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, a monopole, a loop, an inverted-F, or a fractal antenna.

115. The method of claim 94, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to send the analyte data.

116. The method of claim 94, wherein at least one of the following is true: The first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The re-radiated second signal includes a second wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

117. The method of claim 94, wherein at least one of the following is true: The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

118. The method of claim 94, further comprising modifying the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

119. The method of claim 118, wherein at least one of the following is true: The phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or The phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

120. The method of claim 94, wherein the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal are transmitted according to wireless communication technology.

121. The method of claim 120, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

122. A method for wireless communication between an analyte sensor system and a display device in an analyte monitoring system, the method comprising: The analyte sensor system generates analyte data that is correlated with the analyte level of the user of the analyte sensor system; The analyte sensor system transmits a first signal, including at least the analyte data, to the display device using the first antenna of the first antenna system of the analyte sensor system; The display device uses a second antenna system to receive the first signal, which includes at least the analyte data, into the analyte sensor system; The display device displays the analyte data received from the first antenna of the analyte sensor system to the user; The display device uses the second antenna system to send a second signal, including an operation command, to the analyte sensor system. The analyte sensor system receives a second signal, including an operation command, from the display device using the first antenna, wherein: Sending the first signal includes: The analyte sensor system receives the first signal from the first antenna using the second antenna of the first antenna system of the analyte sensor system; and The analyte sensor system re-radiates the first signal toward the display device using the second antenna; and Receiving the second signal includes: The analyte sensor system receives the second signal from the display device using the second antenna; and The analyte sensor system uses the second antenna to re-radiate the second signal toward the first antenna.

123. The method of claim 122, wherein the first antenna and the circuit board are included within the housing of the analyte sensor system.

124. The method of claim 123, wherein the second antenna is included in the housing of the analyte sensor system.

125. The method of claim 123, wherein the second antenna is disposed outside the housing of the analyte sensor system.

126. The method of claim 125, wherein the second antenna is incorporated into an adhesive patch, the adhesive patch being attached to the exterior of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

127. The method according to claim 122, wherein: The first antenna includes a main antenna; and The second antenna includes a passive antenna.

128. The method of claim 127, wherein the passive antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, a monopole, a loop, an inverted-F, or a fractal antenna.

129. The method of claim 127, wherein the passive antenna is integrated on the circuit board.

130. The method of claim 127, wherein the passive antenna includes a portion extending from the circuit board.

131. The method of claim 130, wherein the passive antenna extends to an external portion of the housing of the analyte sensor system.

132. The method according to claim 127, wherein: The passive antenna includes passive antenna terminals; and The passive antenna includes one or more antenna arms coupled to the passive antenna terminals.

133. The method of claim 132, wherein the one or more antenna arms comprise a plurality of arms coupled to the passive antenna terminal.

134. The method of claim 132, wherein the passive antenna is grounded at the passive antenna terminal.

135. The method of claim 132, wherein the passive antenna terminal comprises one or more passive electrical components.

136. The method of claim 135, wherein the one or more passive electrical components comprise at least one of a resistor, a capacitor, or an inductor.

137. The method of claim 135, wherein: The electrical characteristics of the one or more passive electrical components are based on at least one of the topology of the passive antenna or the distance from the passive antenna to the main antenna; and The electrical characteristic includes at least one of resistance, capacitance, or inductance.

138. The method of claim 127, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna substantially matches the geometry of the main antenna.

139. The method of claim 127, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured to maximize the diagonal length from the main antenna to a portion of the passive antenna.

140. The method of claim 127, wherein the geometry of the passive antenna is configured based on topology to optimize communication between the main antenna and the display device.

141. The method of claim 127, wherein the geometry of the main antenna is configured to maximize the reception of the second signal.

142. The method of claim 127, wherein the main antenna comprises at least one of a dipole, a monopole, a loop, an inverted-F, or a fractal antenna.

143. The method of claim 122, wherein the operating instructions include at least one of a configuration instruction, an initial pairing instruction, a keep-active instruction, a disconnect instruction, or an instruction to send the analyte data.

144. The method of claim 122, wherein at least one of the following is true: The first re-radiated signal includes a first identical wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The re-radiated second signal includes a second wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

145. The method of claim 122, wherein at least one of the following is true: The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated first signal includes a first different wavelength corresponding to the first signal; or The second antenna is operatively configured such that the re-radiated second signal includes a second different wavelength corresponding to the second signal.

146. The method of claim 122, further comprising modifying the phase shift of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

147. The method of claim 146, wherein at least one of the following is true: The phase shift of the first signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the first signal received by the second antenna; or The phase shift of the second signal re-radiated by the second antenna is different from the phase shift of the second signal received by the second antenna.

148. The method of claim 122, wherein the first signal, the second signal, and the re-radiated second signal are transmitted according to wireless communication technology.

149. The method of claim 148, wherein the wireless communication technology includes at least one of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.

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