Paint and coating formulations comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and uses thereof

Abstract

The present technology relates generally to compositions comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In particular, the present technology relates to compositions for paints and coatings comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 540,850, filed on September 27, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for any and all purposes. Technical Field

[0002] This technology generally relates to compositions comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (also referred to herein as “formulations”), including formulations such as coatings and paints. Background Technology

[0003] Many commonly used products, including paints and coatings, are made from compositions using chemicals that are typically derived from non-renewable raw materials such as petroleum. For example, in addition to petroleum distillates in oil-based paints and petroleum-derived polymers in acrylic paints, the adhesive resins in paints are also often derived from petroleum resources.

[0004] The use of non-renewable petroleum-based feedstocks has led to an over-reliance on fossil fuels. This dependence on non-renewable petroleum-based feedstocks has resulted in environmental degradation, such as air pollution, water pollution, and global warming. Furthermore, these fossil fuels are often supplied by politically unstable regions of the world, frequently raising humanitarian concerns.

[0005] Therefore, as described above and explained in more detail below, there remains a need for compositions for commonly used products such as paints and coatings, made from natural, renewable starting materials, that can provide performance comparable to or better than existing products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure relates to compositions and formulations comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (also known as 3-amino-3-methylbut-2-ol; CAS No.: 13325-14-9), including compositions and formulations for use in paints and coatings. 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol offers several advantages, including its improved sustainability properties, reflected in its ability to be manufactured as a renewable bio-based compound (i.e., not dependent on non-renewable petroleum-based feedstocks), and its low toxicity (providing a safer alternative with reduced environmental and health impacts), while offering comparable or superior performance compared to petroleum-based alternatives and superior performance compared to existing renewable alternatives (e.g., NH3). Therefore, the technology of this disclosure overcomes common adoption barriers associated with renewable chemicals, such as poor performance and high cost; instead, the technology of this disclosure provides a high-performance, cost-effective solution with the potential to integrate bio-based carbon.

[0007] In one aspect, the present technology provides a composition comprising about 30 wt% to about 99.99 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and about 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% of water and optionally amino alcohols other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (“other amino alcohols”).

[0008] In another aspect, this technology relates to a composition for paints and coatings comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. For example, the composition may be a dispersion or emulsion, such as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion. In some embodiments, the composition may include a dispersion of pigments and / or additives, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of pigments and / or additives, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include a dispersion of binders and additives, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of a polymeric binder resin and an additive, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may contain about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt% of additives. Brief description of the attached diagram Figure 1 TiO2 (KRONOS 2190, from Kronos) is provided with 0.05 wt% of the corresponding additives (ammonia, NaOH, ...). N,N - Dimethylglucosamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (“AMP”) and 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (“AMB”; this technology) and in a polymer dispersant (OROTAN) TM The dispersant demand curve in the presence of 731A ER (from Dow). For example... Figure 1 As shown, the polymer dispersant (i.e., AMB) required to achieve the minimum Krebs viscosity. OROTAN™ 731A ER The amount of ) (0.23 wt%) was the least (compared to 0.47 wt% ammonia, 0.70 wt% NaOH, and 0.70 wt% of N,N -Dimethylglucosamine and 0.27wt% AMP). The optimal (or minimum) concentration of the polymer dispersant reduces the hydrophilicity of the dry film, thereby leading to improvements in several parameters, such as: water resistance, chemical resistance, stain resistance, surface scrub resistance, lower microbubble effect and / or dehydration shrinkage formation during storage.

[0010] Figure 2The figure illustrates the results of adsorption experiments directly comparing AMB and AMP according to a working example, where AMP is known as the benchmark for pigment wetting additives. As shown, the results using three organic pigments (PY83 Novoperm® Yellow HR70 from Clariant, PR122 Hostaperm® Pink E, and PV 23 Hostaperm® Violet RL) and one carbon black (Mogul L from Cabot) highlight that AMB has a higher adsorption capacity than AMP; for both additives, the adsorption capacity with TiO2 (Kronos® 3741) is similar. Without being bound by theory, higher adsorption levels correspond to a higher natural affinity of the additive for the pigment surface. Furthermore, adsorption levels are proportional to pigment stability because they can alter the isoelectric point and zeta potential of the particles. These properties are related to pigment wetting efficiency and the prevention of particle agglomeration during storage, which is detrimental to the stability and expected properties (dry hiding power, color strength, corrosion resistance, etc.) of pastes, paints, and coatings.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a box plot showing the average particle size in an aqueous slurry containing four anti-corrosion pigments (“ACPs”) according to a working embodiment. The four anti-corrosion pigments are: zinc phosphate, zinc molybdenum orthophosphate, calcium magnesium orthophosphate, and calcium-modified silica gel. As shown in the figure, AMB was found to provide the lowest particle size among all four ACPs, which corresponds to better deagglomeration and dispersion of the ACP pigments.

[0012] Figure 4 Photographs of corrosion protection test results (after 168 hours of salt spray testing according to ASTM B117-2019) are provided, showing that AMP and AMB provide superior corrosion protection compared to ammonia. In addition, a comparison of the results of 8 wt% zinc phosphate concentration versus 4 wt% zinc phosphate concentration shows that similar corrosion protection can be achieved using half the pigment concentration with 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0013] Figure 5 Results of dry hiding power tests are provided, showing the dry hiding power of each working example at the initial stage and after 3 months of aging. The results indicate that the initial and final dry hiding power are significantly higher when AMB is used as a wetting agent (or an additive that replaces the wetting agent).

[0014] Figure 6The gloss test results for each working embodiment are illustrated in the figures, with particular emphasis on the initial gloss measured at 60° and the gloss obtained after 3 months of aging at 60°. Compared to NaOH, both AMP and AMB provided significantly more stable results (due to the narrowest statistical analysis represented by box plots of 16 formulations), with AMB providing a higher level of gloss. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Throughout this document, the following terms will be used in accordance with their definitions.

[0016] As used herein and in the appended claims, in the context of describing elements (particularly in the context of the appended claims), pronouns without quantifiers, such as “the” and similar pronouns, should be interpreted to cover both singular and plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by the context. Unless otherwise stated herein, the enumeration of ranges of values ​​herein is intended only as a shorthand method for individually referring to each individual value falling within that range, and each individual value is incorporated into this specification as if it were individually enumerated herein. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise stated herein or clearly contradicted by the context. Unless otherwise stated, the use of any and all instances or exemplary language (e.g., “for example”) provided herein is intended only to better illustrate the embodiments and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of the claims. The language in the specification should not be construed as indicating that any unclaimed element is essential.

[0017] As used herein, those skilled in the art will understand that "about" will vary to some extent depending on the context in which it is used. Where there is a situation where even those skilled in the art are unclear about the usage of the term based on the context in which it is used, "about" will mean adding or subtracting up to 10% from the specific term; for example, "about 10 wt%" should be understood to mean "9 wt% to 11 wt%". It should be understood that when a term is preceded by "about", the term should be interpreted as disclosing both "about" as the term and the term without the "about" modifier; for example, "about 10 wt%" discloses both "9 wt% to 11 wt%" and "10 wt%".

[0018] As used in this disclosure, the phrase “and / or” should be understood to mean any single member of the listed members, or any combination of two or more members, for example, “A, B and / or C” should mean “A or B or C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or a combination of A, B and C”.

[0019] The term "alkyl," whether used alone or as part of another group (e.g., in dialkylamino), refers to a group comprising straight-chain and branched aliphatic groups (i.e., saturated hydrocarbon chains) and, unless otherwise specified, having 1-10, 1-8, or 1-6 alkyl carbon atoms. Representative alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl. Unless otherwise specified, the alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3, for example 1 or 2, or even only 1, substituent compatible with the compounds, monomers, and polymers described herein. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is unsubstituted.

[0020] The term "alkoxy" refers to a group in which oxygen is linked to a saturated straight-chain or branched alkyl group. Unless otherwise stated, an alkoxy group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy, neopentoxy, isopentoxy, n-hexyloxy, or isohexyloxy), and in any embodiment contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In any embodiment, the alkoxy group includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, and tert-butoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy group is unsubstituted.

[0021] Groups having two or more connection points (i.e., divalent, trivalent, or polyvalent) in the compounds described herein are designated by using the suffix "-". For example, divalent alkyl is alkylene, divalent cycloalkyl is cycloene, and so on. Substituents having a single connection point with the compounds are not named using "-". Thus, for example, chloroethyl is not referred to herein as chloroethylene.

[0022] Generally, "substituted" refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more bonds to a hydrogen atom contained therein are replaced by bonds to non-hydrogen or non-carbon atoms. Substituents also include groups in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen atom are replaced by one or more bonds to a heteroatom (including double or triple bonds). In some embodiments, the substituent is replaced by one, two, or three substituents. Examples of substituents include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl, amino, mercapto, nitro, halogen, ester, amide, carbonyl, or carboxylic acid groups. Unless otherwise stated, the aforementioned substituents themselves are not further substituted.

[0023] Unless otherwise stated, all molecular weight (i.e., molar mass) data, number-average molecular weight data Mn, or weight-average molecular weight data Mw described in this specification are molar masses and can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0024] As used herein, “binder” refers to the film-forming component of a coating. To form a film, a polymeric binder (i.e., a polymer) can be polymerized. Polymerization refers to the process whereby a solvent (e.g., water) first evaporates, causing the polymeric binder to be pulled together and then fused into an irreversibly bonded network structure, making the coating no longer soluble in the original carrier solvent. A polymeric binder resin is one type of “binder.”

[0025] As used herein, a “water-dilutable polymeric adhesive” (i.e., a water-dilutable adhesive) refers to a hydrophobic resin that has been modified to contain acidic groups, such that the adhesive is soluble in water when at least partially neutralized. As used herein, a “water-dispersible polymeric adhesive” (i.e., a water-dispersible adhesive) refers to a resin having acidic groups that can be dispersed in a continuous aqueous medium when at least partially neutralized.

[0026] As used herein, “substantially free” means that the specified component is less than about 2 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain less than about 1 wt%, less than about 0.5 wt%, or less than about 0.1 wt% of the specified component. In some embodiments, the composition may be free of detectable amounts of the component.

[0027] Compositions containing 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol ("AMB") In one aspect, the present technology provides a composition comprising about 30 wt% to about 99.99 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, about 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% of water, and optionally amino alcohols other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (“other amino alcohols”). In any embodiment, the amount of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol contained in the composition may be about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 75 wt%, about 80 wt%, about 85 wt%, about 90 wt%, about 95 wt%, about 96 wt%, about 97 wt%, about 98 wt%, about 99 wt%, about 99.5 wt%, about 99.9 wt%, about 99.95 wt%, about 99.99 wt%, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. For example, the composition may contain 85 wt% to 95 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In any embodiment, the composition may contain at least about 90 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0028] In any embodiment, the composition may contain 0.01 wt% to about 70 wt% water. Such compositions may be solutions at room temperature, such as homogeneous solutions. In any embodiment, the amount of water contained in the composition may be about 0.01 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, about 14 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 16 wt%, about 17 wt%, about 18 wt%, about 19 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 21 wt%, about 22 wt%, about 23 wt%, about 24 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%. wt%, or any range including these values ​​and / or any two of these values. Therefore, in any embodiment herein, the composition may contain 5 wt% to 15 wt% water or about 10 wt% water. The water may be tap water, deionized water, distilled water, or reverse osmosis (RO) water, or any combination thereof, including, for example, double-distilled water. In any embodiment herein, purity and water content may be adjusted according to desired physical properties and end-use application.

[0029] In any embodiment of this document, water and / or other amino alcohols may be included in the composition comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, for example, to improve processing performance and / or enhance performance characteristics. For example, adding water to a composition comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol may increase the flash point, decrease the freezing point, and / or reduce the viscosity of the composition. Exemplary other amino alcohols that may be included in the compositions of any embodiment of this document include, but are not limited to, 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more of these. The composition of any embodiment described herein may comprise other amino alcohols (e.g., 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more thereof), wherein the amount of the other amino alcohol is at least about 0.01 wt%, at least about 0.02 wt%, at least about 0.03 wt%, at least about 0.04 wt%, at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.06 wt%, at least about 0.07 wt%, at least about 0.08 wt%, at least about 0.09 wt%, at least about 0.1 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.5 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 1 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 2 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 3 wt%. wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 4 wt%, at least about 4.5 wt%, at least about 5 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, or including these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.The composition of any embodiment described herein may comprise other amino alcohols (e.g., 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more thereof), in amounts not exceeding about 0.01 wt%, not exceeding about 0.02 wt%, not exceeding about 0.03 wt%, not exceeding about 0.04 wt%, not exceeding about 0.05 wt%, not exceeding about 0.06 wt%, not exceeding about 0.07 wt%, not exceeding about 0.08 wt%, not exceeding about 0.09 wt%, not exceeding about 0.1 wt%, not exceeding about 0.25 wt%, not exceeding about 0.5 wt%, not exceeding about 0.75 wt%, not exceeding about 1 wt%, and not exceeding about 1.5 wt%. wt%, not greater than about 2wt%, not greater than about 2.5wt%, not greater than about 3wt%, not greater than about 3.5wt%, not greater than about 4wt%, not greater than about 4.5wt%, not greater than about 5wt%, or including these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0030] In any embodiment herein, the composition may contain less than about 2 wt% of a secondary amine (e.g., 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine (also known as 1-(2-hydroxypropylamino)prop-2-ol), and / or dicyclohexylamine). Therefore, in any embodiment herein, the amount of secondary amine contained in the composition may be less than about 2 wt%, less than about 1.5 wt%, less than about 1 wt%, less than about 0.5 wt%, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. For example, in any embodiment herein, the composition may contain less than about 0.5 wt% of a secondary amine.

[0031] In any embodiment herein, the composition may exhibit a bio-based content of 0% to 100% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24. For example, such a range of bio-based content of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol in the compositions of this art can be provided by using pure petroleum-based 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (i.e., having 0% bio-based content), using 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol partially derived from bio-based starting materials, or using a combination of pure petroleum-based 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol together with 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol partially or wholly derived from bio-based starting materials; or for 100%... The bio-based content of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol can be provided by using 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol produced entirely from bio-based starting materials. Therefore, in any embodiment herein, the bio-based content of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol exhibited by the composition (determined using radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24) can be 0%, at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, about 100%, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. For example, compositions of any embodiment herein may exhibit a bio-based content of at least about 10% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon dating according to ASTM D6866-24, or may exhibit a bio-based content of at least about 25% 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon dating according to ASTM D6866-24. Therefore, compositions of any aspect and / or embodiment herein may comprise a renewable bio-based compound (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) exhibiting low toxicity while providing comparable or superior performance compared to petroleum-based alternatives, and superior performance compared to existing renewable alternatives (e.g., NH3).

[0032] On the other hand, this technology provides a method for preparing any of the disclosed compositions. This method comprises combining 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol of a purity of at least 95 wt% with sufficient water to provide the composition, for example, as a solution. In any embodiment, the method may further comprise mixing the combined 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and water until a homogeneous solution is obtained.

[0033] Racemic 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol can be separated into ( ) by methods known in the art (including chiral chromatography or recrystallization of diastereomer salts) R )-3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and ( S 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. Recrystallization of diastereomer salts involves using an optically active acid to neutralize the chiral amino alcohol. The resulting diastereomers are separated and neutralized by crystallization to recover the optically enriched amino alcohol. The crystallization process can be repeated to obtain optical purity of 99% or higher.

[0034] Compositions containing 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol for use in paints or coatings In one aspect, the present technology provides compositions comprising 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (e.g., paints, coatings, etc.). The composition may be a coating (e.g., paint), such as a water-based coating. The composition may include a dispersion of pigments and / or additives, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of pigments and / or additives, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. The composition may include a dispersion of binders and additives, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol. In some embodiments, the composition may include an aqueous dispersion of a polymeric binder resin and additives, wherein the additives comprise 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0035] The compositions of this technology may include a wide range of amounts of the additive described herein (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol). For example, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain about 0.005 wt% to about 15 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, such as about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.05 wt% to about 0.3 wt%. Therefore, the amount of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol contained in the composition may be about 0.005 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.15 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.75 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 11 wt%, about 12 wt%, about 13 wt%, about 14 wt%, about 15 wt%, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the composition may contain about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of additives based on the total weight of the composition.

[0036] The compositions of this technology may or may not contain water. Water may be used as a solvent and / or as a diluent when preparing and / or applying the coating composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain at least about 20 wt% water, at least about 25 wt% water, at least about 30 wt% water, at least about 35 wt% water, at least about 40 wt% water, at least about 45 wt% water, at least about 50 wt% water, at least about 55 wt% water, at least about 60 wt% water, or any range of these values ​​and / or any two of these values. In some embodiments, the composition may contain about 20 wt% to about 99 wt% water, about 35 wt% to about 97 wt% water, about 45 wt% to about 95 wt% water, about 50 wt% to about 95 wt% water, or any range of these values ​​and / or any two of these values. In some embodiments, the composition may contain about 20 wt% to about 80 wt% water.

[0037] In any embodiment of this document, the composition may also comprise an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (“other amino alcohols”), wherein exemplary other amino alcohols that may be included in the composition according to any embodiment of this document include, but are not limited to, 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more of these. The composition of any embodiment described herein may comprise other amino alcohols (e.g., 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more thereof), wherein the amount of the other amino alcohol is at least about 0.01 wt%, at least about 0.02 wt%, at least about 0.03 wt%, at least about 0.04 wt%, at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.06 wt%, at least about 0.07 wt%, at least about 0.08 wt%, at least about 0.09 wt%, at least about 0.1 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.5 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 1 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 2 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 3 wt%. wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 4 wt%, at least about 4.5 wt%, at least about 5 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, or including these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.The composition of any embodiment described herein may comprise other amino alcohols (e.g., 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more thereof), in amounts not exceeding about 0.01 wt%, not exceeding about 0.02 wt%, not exceeding about 0.03 wt%, not exceeding about 0.04 wt%, not exceeding about 0.05 wt%, not exceeding about 0.06 wt%, not exceeding about 0.07 wt%, not exceeding about 0.08 wt%, not exceeding about 0.09 wt%, not exceeding about 0.1 wt%, not exceeding about 0.25 wt%, not exceeding about 0.5 wt%, not exceeding about 0.75 wt%, not exceeding about 1 wt%, and not exceeding about 1.5 wt%. wt%, not greater than about 2 wt%, not greater than about 2.5 wt%, not greater than about 3 wt%, not greater than about 3.5 wt%, not greater than about 4 wt%, not greater than about 4.5 wt%, not greater than about 5 wt%, or including these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0038] As previously described herein, in any embodiment thereof, the composition may exhibit a bio-based content of 0% to 100% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24. Therefore, in any embodiment thereof, the bio-based content of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol exhibited by the composition (as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24) may be 0%, at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, about 100%, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. For example, the composition of any embodiment herein may exhibit a bio-based content of at least about 10% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24, or may exhibit a bio-based content of at least about 25% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24.

[0039] adhesives In some embodiments, the compositions described herein (e.g., paints or coatings) comprise adhesives (e.g., polymeric adhesive resins and / or inorganic adhesives). Sometimes, the polymeric adhesive resin may be a water-dilutable polymeric adhesive, a water-dispersible polymer, or an emulsion polymer. Adhesives include: polymers (e.g., polymeric adhesive resins) such as polyacrylates, poly(tert-decanoate), polyethylene-vinyl acetate, polyesters (e.g., polyester polyols and polyester polymers having one or more olefins), or combinations of two or more of these; and inorganic adhesives such as combinations of lithium silicate and / or potassium silicate and / or silicate with lithium silicate and / or potassium silicate. Polyacrylates may be homopolymers or copolymers. Monomers that can be used in such polymers include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid (i.e., (meth)acrylic acid), butyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate. Additionally, monomers such as vinylsilanes, vinyl acetate, and styrene may be used in such polymers. Exemplary copolymers of polyacrylates include ethylene polyacrylate, poly(ethylene tert-decanoate)-ethylene acrylate, styrene polyacrylate, or combinations of two or more of these. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be a latex adhesive. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be an alkyd adhesive. In some embodiments, the composition may be a reverse emulsion in which the composition comprises an alkyd adhesive. The adhesives provided herein may be used alone in the composition, may be used as a simple blend, or may be used as a hybrid copolymer.

[0040] Examples of commercially available polymeric adhesive resins that can be used include EVOQUE™ 1133, EVOQUE™ 1180, EVOQUE™ 3150, RHOPLEX™ 585, RHOPLEX™ 800h, RHOPLEX™ AC-264, RHOPLEX™ 464, RHOPLEX™ 261LF, RHOPLEX™ AC-337N, RHOPLEX™ AC-347, RHOPLEX™ AC-2235M, RHOPLEX™ 2438C, RHOPLEX™ 2500, RHOPLEX™ 2508, RHOPLEX™ EC-3814, RHOPLEX™ EZCLEAN™ 1500, RHOPLEX™ HG-95P, RHOPLEX™ HG-98B, RHOPLEX™ HG-706, RHOPLEX™ ML-200, and RHOPLEX™ ML-400, RHOPLEX™ MV-23LO, RHOPLEX™ PR-33, RHOPLEX™ PR-409, RHOPLEX™ SG-10AF, RHOPLEX™ SG-10M, RHOPLEX™ SG-20, RHOPLEX™ SG-30, RHOPLEX™VSR-50, RHOPLEX™ VSR-1049LOE, RHOPLEX™ VSR-1050, RHOPLEX™ VSR-1050LOE, RHOPLEX™ VSR-2015, ROVACE™ 10, ROVACE™ 9100AF, ROVACE™ 9900, JSPJ-100, JSPJ-200, JSPJ-300 and JSPJ-400.

[0041] The amount of binder in the formulations of this technology can be the amount conventionally used in paint and coating formulations, and this amount can vary widely due to the desired gloss / gloss range and solids concentration of a particular paint formulation. For example, based on the total weight of the composition, the compositions of this technology can contain about 10 wt% to about 80 wt% of binder (e.g., polymeric binder resins and / or inorganic binders), including about 15 wt% to about 65 wt% or about 40 wt% to about 60 wt%. Thus, in any embodiment herein, the composition can contain about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 45 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 55 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 65 wt%, about 70 wt%, about 75 wt%, or about 80 wt% of binder, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 20 wt% to about 60 wt% of an adhesive, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0042] In some embodiments, the polymeric adhesive resin used herein comprises acidic functional groups, such as carboxyl, sulfonyl, phosphonyl, and / or phosphate groups. In some embodiments, the acidic functional group is a carboxyl group. In some embodiments, the polymeric adhesive may have an acid value of about 2 to about 200 mg KOH / g. In some embodiments, the polymeric adhesive may have an acid value of about 5 to about 150 mg KOH / g or about 10 to about 100 mg KOH / g. An additive (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) may neutralize at least about 20% (e.g., at least about 30%, at least about 40%, or at least about 50%) of the acidic functional groups on the polymeric adhesive resin. In some embodiments, the additive neutralizes about 20% to about 100% (e.g., about 30% to about 90% or about 40% to about 80%) of the acidic functional groups on the polymeric adhesive. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the additive to the acid functional groups on the polymer adhesive can be from about 1:5 to about 5:1 (e.g., from about 1:4 to about 2:1, from about 1:3 to about 2:1, or from about 1:2 to about 1:1).

[0043] The adhesives of this technology can be prepared by a variety of methods. For example, the adhesives can be prepared in an organic phase or in a melt and then converted into an aqueous phase. The polymeric adhesive resins can also be prepared by emulsion polymerization or any other method known to those skilled in the art.

[0044] pigment In some embodiments, the compositions described herein (e.g., paints or coatings) comprise pigments. Pigments may be included to provide hiding power and desired color to the final coated material, and / or may be used to provide volume to the paint or coating, and / or to provide anti-corrosion properties (e.g., zinc phosphate). Pigments of all colors and / or special effects suitable for organic or inorganic types of paints and coatings are suitable for use. In some embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise pigments selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2), calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide (SiO2), kaolin, and barium sulfate. In some embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise titanium dioxide and a colorant.

[0045] As used herein, “colorant” includes dyes, pigments, and pre-dispersions. A colorant is a pigment that provides color. Colorants include red, white, blue, black, and yellow. As used herein, “pigment” refers to a finely ground, insoluble material suspended in a medium that alters the color of reflected or transmitted light through wavelength-selective absorption. Pigments typically possess high tinting strength and are stable in solid form at ambient temperatures. Pigments can be natural or synthetic products. While multiple pigments may be present in the paint or coating for end-use, white pigments, such as titanium dioxide, may also be used alone, perhaps in combination with extender pigments. Any other desired pigments of various colors (including more white pigments) may optionally be included in the composition. Examples include colors such as yellow, magenta, and cyan. As a black colorant, carbon black, as well as colorants adjusted to black using yellow / magenta / cyan colorants, can be used. Colorants can be used alone, in mixtures, or in solid solution form. In various embodiments, pigments can be provided in the form of virgin pigments, treated pigments, pre-ground pigments, pigment powders, pigment cakes, pigment masterbatches, recycled pigments, and solid or liquid pigment pre-dispersions. As used herein, virgin pigments are pigment particles whose surfaces have not been subjected to wet treatment (e.g., deposition of various coatings on the surface). Virgin and treated pigments are further discussed in PCT Publication No. WO 2005 / 095277 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20060078485, the relevant portions of which are incorporated herein by reference. In contrast, treated pigments may have undergone wet treatment, such as providing a metal oxide coating on the particle surface. Examples of metal oxide coatings include alumina, silica, and zirconium oxide. Recycled pigments can also be used as starting pigment particles, wherein the recycled pigment is a pigment whose quality is insufficient for sale as a coated pigment after wet treatment. Exemplary colorant particles include, but are not limited to, pigments such as yellow colorants, and representative compounds that can be used as pigments are condensed azo compounds, isoindolone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, azo metal complex methine compounds, and allyl amide compounds. As a magenta colorant, condensed azo compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinones, quinacridone compounds, basic lake dye compounds, naphthol compounds, benzimidazolone compounds, indigo compounds, and perylene compounds can be used. As a cyan colorant, copper phthalocyanine compounds and their derivatives, anthraquinone compounds, and basic lake dye compounds can be used.

[0046] Other examples of pigments may include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide, kaolin, calcined kaolin, carbon black, iron oxide black, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red, iron oxide brown, organic red pigments (including quinacridone red and metallized and nonmetallized azo reds (e.g., Lithol Red, Lithol Ruby Red, Toluidine Red, Naphthol Red)), phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, monoaryl yellow or diaryl yellow, benzimidazolone yellow, heterocyclic yellow, quinacridone fuchsin, and quinacridone violet, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the pigment is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, clay, silica, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, talc, zinc oxide, mica, red oxide, Hansa yellow, phthalocyanine blue, and yellow ochre.

[0047] In some embodiments, the pigment can be a special effects pigment. Examples of special effects pigments are: metallic pigments, such as metallic pigments derived from aluminum or copper; interference pigments, such as aluminum coated with titanium dioxide, coated mica; graphite effect pigments, and iron oxide flakes. Some special effects pigments can be inhibitors and / or extenders. Inhibitors, such as rust inhibitors, are pigments with little or no corrosive effect. For example, metallic pigments are commonly used to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Non-limiting exemplary inhibitor pigments include zinc, chromate, phosphate, and borate-based pigments. Extender pigments are often added to paints and coatings to reduce the cost of formulations. They can also be used to alter viscosity, sedimentation stability, and / or film strength. Typically, extender pigments appear white and have a refractive index similar to that of commonly used adhesives. Non-limiting exemplary extender pigments include clay, silica, and mica.

[0048] In some embodiments, the compositions of this technology may contain 0 wt% to about 75 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 75 wt% of pigment, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may contain 0 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 75 wt% of pigment, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. In some embodiments, the compositions may contain about 10 wt% to about 75 wt%, or about 55 wt% to about 75 wt% of pigment, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0049] Other ingredients In addition to containing additives (e.g., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol), binders and / or pigments, and water, the compositions described herein (e.g., paint or coating compositions) may also contain one or more co-solvents and / or other components.

[0050] A carrier is a solvent in which the compositional materials are dissolved, dispersed, and / or suspended. In the compositions of this technology, the carrier is water, but other aqueous solutions, such as water-alcohol mixtures, may also be used. The aqueous carrier typically constitutes the balance of the composition after taking all other components into account. In some embodiments, the composition may contain a co-solvent, such as an organic solvent. For example, the co-solvent may be an alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol), an ether of a glycol such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and / or propylene glycol (e.g., propylene glycol C1-C4 alkyl ethers, C1-C4 alkoxyethanols such as butoxyethanol), a heterocyclic compound such as a lactone or lactam (e.g., N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), glycerol, or combinations thereof. Co-solvents are sometimes present in the composition to aid film formation, provide antifreeze properties, and / or enhance brush application performance, for example, by increasing open time. Open time is the time that the coating remains processable after it has been applied to a substrate. Open time allows for repainting or "melting in" of newly applied paint at the overlap without resulting in brush marks, loss of gloss, or overlap lines in the eventually dried coating. An overlap area is a region on the substrate where additional paint is applied onto a portion of a previously coated but still wet area of ​​an adjacent substrate. In some embodiments, based on the total composition, the composition may contain no more than about 15 wt% of a co-solvent (e.g., 1-15 wt%). Alternatively, the composition may contain no more than about 10 wt% or no more than about 5 wt% of a co-solvent (e.g., 1-10 wt% or 1-5 wt%).

[0051] In some embodiments, the composition as described herein may contain one or more other ingredients. For example, the composition may also contain a dispersant. The dispersant may be present in an effective amount, for example, from about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt% of the composition. Thus, the amount of dispersant in the composition may be about 0.01 wt%, about 0.02 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.075 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, about 0.9 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, about 10 wt%, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. Dispersants are soluble materials that stabilize the dispersion of pigment particles through physicochemical adsorption onto the surface of pigment particles, thereby preventing re-agglomeration. Exemplary dispersants include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acid or modified polyacrylic acid, and polyphosphates such as sodium hexametaphosphate.

[0052] The composition may contain other components, including but not limited to coalescing agents, leveling agents and surfactants, thickeners (e.g., crosslinked polycarboxylic acids or polyurethanes), rheology modifiers (e.g., highly dispersed silica or polyurea compounds), corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, wetting agents, dispersants, biocides, flow control agents based on (meth)acrylic acid homopolymers or silicone oils, or combinations of two or more of these. Such components can provide specific properties to the composition and / or film, such as antifungal properties, defoaming, light stability, and / or good flowability and leveling during application. For example, the composition may contain one or more components selected from the group consisting of: leveling agents, surfactants, thickeners, rheology modifiers, cosolvents, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, codispersants, additional neutralizers, dyes, fragrances, and biocides. Such components may be added in amounts commonly known to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition of this technology may contain one or more components from about 0 wt% to about 75 wt%, selected from the group consisting of: leveling agents, surfactants, thickeners, rheology modifiers, cosolvents, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, codispersants, additional neutralizers, and biocides. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 40 wt%, about 50 wt%, about 60 wt%, about 75 wt%, or include one or more components in these amounts and / or any range between any two of these amounts, selected from the group consisting of: leveling agents, surfactants, thickeners, rheology modifiers, cosolvents, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, codispersants, additional neutralizers, and biocides.

[0053] Leveling agents can be added to alter surface tension and improve wettability. Leveling agents are subsets of surfactants used to ensure that the composition spreads and fully wets the coated surface. A reduced contact angle between the composition and the surface results in better flow and leveling properties, and better surface wettability, leading to better adhesion of the composition to physically coalesced and / or chemically cured films. Surfactants are also important as grinding aids in pigment grinding operations. In some embodiments, compositions of this technology may contain about 0 wt% to about 7 wt% of surfactant (e.g., leveling agents) based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt% of surfactant (e.g., leveling agents), or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0054] Thickeners can be used to achieve the desired viscosity level required for proper formulation and application of compositions. A common type of thickener is referred to in the art as "associative." Associative thickeners are named as such because their thickening mechanism is believed to involve hydrophobic association between hydrophobic portions of the thickener molecule and / or between hydrophobic portions of the thickener molecule and other hydrophobic surfaces. A common type of associative thickener has a polymer backbone consisting of one or more blocks of polymerized olefin units (typically polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide), with hydrophobic groups attached to or within the backbone. Another common type of associative thickener utilizes a cellulose backbone with hydrophobic groups attached to the backbone. Both types of associative thickeners can be characterized as polyether thickeners because they both have a backbone containing ether bonds. Known polyether associative thickeners are nonionic thickeners, and their thickening efficiency in aqueous systems is substantially independent of pH. Other thickeners may also be included in the composition, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 7,741,402, which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, compositions of the present technology may contain about 0 wt% to about 7 wt% of a surfactant (e.g., a leveling agent) based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt% of a thickener, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0055] Rheology modifiers can be added to thicken the composition and increase its yield stress, thereby forming a stable suspension of pigment in the resin upon mixing. Rheology modifiers can also be added to optimize the application properties of the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions of this technology may contain about 0 wt% to about 7 wt% of rheology modifier based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt% of rheology modifier, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values. Pigment dispersants are added to produce a stable dispersion of the pigment. Pigment dispersants function by directly interacting with the pigment particles through mechanical and electrostatic interactions. Rheology modifiers function by increasing the yield stress of the water-resin system.

[0056] Corrosion inhibitors and flash rust inhibitors can inhibit the migration of colored corrosion products from the surface of the coated metal object (e.g., exposed nail heads in drywall) to the surface of the coating. Additionally, rust inhibitors can be added to prevent corrosion of ferroalloy containers during paint storage. In some embodiments, compositions of this technology may contain from about 0 wt% to about 20 wt% of corrosion inhibitors or flash rust inhibitors based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, or about 20 wt% of corrosion inhibitors and / or flash rust inhibitors, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0057] Biocides (including registered biocides) and fungicides can be added to control microbial growth in the composition and / or the membrane. Microorganisms can colonize, leading to filamentous growth, foul odors, and selective consumption of functional coating components. Some biocides can be added solely to control microorganisms during the storage of the composition (so-called in-tank biocides), while others can be added to provide biostability to coalesced / cured membranes (so-called dry film biocides). Some biocides can prevent both in-tank and dry film biogrowth. Typical biocides include: isothiazolinones, such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; benzisothiazolinone; triazines, such as hexahydro-1,3,5-tris-2-hydroxyethyl-s-triazine; 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azamonium adamantane chloride (DOWICIL® 75); sodium pyrithione; zinc pyrithione; glutaraldehyde; bromonitrobenzene glycol; and phenolic plastics. In some embodiments, compositions of this technology may contain about 0 wt% to about 2 wt% of a biocidal agent or fungicide, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, about 0.001 wt%, about 0.005 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 2 wt% of a biocide (including a registered biocide) or a fungicide, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0058] Defoamers are a special type of surfactant that reduces the foaming properties of a stirred coating composition during its manufacture, when shaken or agitated, and when applied to a surface. Defoamers are commercially available under various trade names, such as FOAMASTER®, ADVANTAGE® 1512, and BYK® 1650. In some embodiments, the compositions of this technology may contain from about 0 wt% to about 6 wt% of defoamer based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, about 0.001 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.5 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt% of defoamer, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0059] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention may contain fillers. Non-limiting examples of fillers are silica, barium sulfate, talc, calcium carbonate, aluminum silicate, and magnesium silicate. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present technology may contain about 0 wt% to about 15 wt% filler based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may contain 0 wt%, or any value of filler from 0.1 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, or 15 wt%, or include these values ​​and / or any range between any two of these values.

[0060] In some embodiments, the composition may be substantially free of low molecular weight surfactants.

[0061] Methods and uses of the composition According to any of the foregoing embodiments, this document also provides a method comprising adding an effective amount of the additive described herein (i.e., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) to a composition (a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion containing pigments and / or binders) to increase the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compounds in the composition. Those skilled in the art will understand that "at least partially neutralize" means that at least some non-zero amounts of acidic compounds are neutralized, but may include or may not include the neutralization of all acidic compounds. In some embodiments, the pH of the composition may be increased to about 7 to about 13 or about 7 to about 10. For example, when the composition contains / will contain a biocide, the pH may be increased to about 8.5 to about 9.0; for example, when the composition contains / will contain an inorganic binder, the pH may be increased to about 10.5 to about 11.5. In some embodiments, the composition remains stable for at least about 1 month, at least about 2 months, at least about 3 months, at least about 6 months, at least about 12 months, or at least about 24 months. In some embodiments, the additive neutralizes at least about 20% of the acid functional groups on the polymeric adhesive (e.g., at least about 30%, at least about 40%, or at least about 50%). In some embodiments, the additive neutralizes about 20% to about 100% of the acid functional groups on the polymeric adhesive (e.g., about 30% to about 90% or about 40% to about 80%).

[0062] Any embodiment of the composition described herein can be a film-forming composition. Films derived from the composition can have any thickness; for example, such films can have a thickness of 0.1 micrometers (“μm”) to 10 millimeters (“mm”); or alternatively, 1 μm to 1000 μm; or alternatively, 5 μm to 500 μm; or alternatively, 10 to 100 μm; or alternatively, 10 μm to 80 μm; or alternatively, 10 to 50 μm.

[0063] In some embodiments, the composition described herein is a coating. In some embodiments, the composition described herein is a latex paint. Therefore, this technology provides a coating (e.g., a dried layer or coating on a substrate) comprising a dried composition according to any of the embodiments described herein.

[0064] The paints and / or coatings described herein can be used for various coating applications, such as residential and / or industrial coatings, architectural coatings, automotive coatings, outdoor furniture coatings, exterior and interior of houses, and other buildings.

[0065] The compositions described herein can be applied using conventional application methods, such as by roller coating, brushing, dipping, or spraying, onto any desired uncoated or pre-coated substrate. Surfaces of such structures to be coated with the compositions may include concrete, wood, metal, plastic, glass, or drywall, etc. Once applied, drying / coalescence can then be carried out at ambient temperature or elevated temperatures (e.g., from about 25°C to about 300°C, including from about 50°C to about 180°C), depending on the composition.

[0066] Therefore, this technology provides coatings comprising physically coalescing compositions. In some embodiments, the composition can physically coalesce at a temperature of about 0°C to about 300°C. In some embodiments, the composition can physically coalesce at a temperature of at least about 5°C. In some embodiments, the temperature can be at least about 10°C. In some embodiments, the temperature can be at least about 15°C. For example, the composition can physically coalesce at about room temperature. In some embodiments, the composition can physically coalesce after about 60 minutes, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 15 hours, or about 1 day. For example, the composition can physically coalesce after about 60 minutes to about 1 week, about 5 hours to about 12 days, about 10 hours to about 10 days, or about 1 day to about 7 days.

[0067] Methods for manufacturing paint and coating compositions The compositions described herein can be manufactured using conventional paint and coating manufacturing techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, the compositions are manufactured via a two-step process. First, a dispersed phase (often referred to as the milled phase) is prepared by mixing the dry pigment with other milled phase components (including most other solid powder formulation materials) under high-shear agitation to provide a high-viscosity and high-solids mixture. This part of the process aims to effectively wet and deagglomerate the dry pigment into a finely dispersed state.

[0068] The second step in paint / coating manufacturing is often referred to as the thinning or dilution stage because the viscous abrasive is diluted with the remaining formulation components, which are typically less viscous than the abrasive mixture. Binders, any pre-dispersed pigments, and any other paint / coating components that only require mixing and may require moderate shear are usually added during the thinning stage. The thinning stage can be performed by adding the thinning component sequentially to a container containing the abrasive mixture, or by adding the abrasive mixture to a container containing a premix of binders and other thinning components, followed by the final thinning component. In either case, continuous stirring is required, but high shear is not necessary. For pigment-free clear coatings, the grinding step can be omitted.

[0069] Additives (e.g., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) may be added to the composition at one or more of three different locations during the manufacturing process: added to the pigment dispersion (grinding), added to the binder dispersion (thinning), and / or ultimately added to the composition. Additives (e.g., 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol) may be added to one or more other components and then the combination is added during the manufacturing process.

[0070] On the other hand, this technology considers a method for preparing a coating, the method comprising: 1) Applying a coating using the composition provided herein; and 2) Allow the coating to dry / coagulate. Optionally, the applied coating may be flash-evaporated to remove water and organic solvents (if present).

[0071] Unless otherwise stated, a numerical range, such as “2 to 10”, includes the number that defines the range (e.g., 2 and 10).

[0072] Unless otherwise stated, ratios, percentages, and parts are by weight.

[0073] This document provides examples to illustrate the advantages of the present technology and further assist those skilled in the art in preparing or using compositions of the present technology. Examples are also provided herein to illustrate the present technology more fully. These examples should not in any way be construed as limiting the scope of the present technology, which is defined by the appended claims. Examples may include or combine any variations, layers, or aspects of the present technology described above. These variations, layers, or aspects may also each further include or combine any or all of the other variations, layers, or aspects of the present technology.

[0074] Example General information The IUPAC names and abbreviations of the compounds tested in this paper are provided below.

[0075]

[0076] Example 1. Synthesis of renewable bio-based 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol Synthesis of renewable bio-based 2-nitropropane (2NP).

[0077]

[0078] Titanium silicate zeolite-1 (5.0 g, TS-1, ACS material), bio-based acetone (29 g, 0.5 mol, Millipore Sigma), and 10% ammonia (170.3 g, 1.0 mol) were placed in a three-necked flask equipped with a condenser. The mixture was heated to 60–65 °C, and then 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (145.7 g, 1.5 mol) was added dropwise over a 2-hour period while maintaining the internal temperature of the reaction mixture below 70 °C. After the addition of hydrogen peroxide, the mixture was maintained at 65 °C for 2–4 hours until all intermediate oximes had reacted according to GC. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. 2NP was separated from the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The separation yield of 2NP was 75%, with a purity of 97%.

[0079] Renewable bio-based 3-nitro-3-methyl-2-butanol (NMB) and renewable bio-based 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol Synthesis of alcohols (AMB).

[0080]

[0081] 2-Nitropropane (1 mol, 97%, from a previous step) and bioacetaldehyde (1 mol, 99%, Millipore Sigma) were added to triethylamine (0.02 mol, Millipore Sigma) in methanol, while maintaining the temperature below 50°C. The mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. GC-FID analysis showed a conversion of 91% from 2NP to NMB. The reaction mixture was then fed into a stainless steel reactor containing Raney nickel (10 wt%) and methanol at 50–80°C with 650 psi hydrogen. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was separated from the catalyst and distilled at ambient pressure. The fraction containing the desired product was collected at 158–162°C and recovered as a colorless liquid. According to GC-FID analysis (capillary column: 30 m fused silica, (5% phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane bonded phase column with 0.25 mm inner diameter and 1.0 μm film thickness; carrier gas flow rate: 1 mL / min helium; gas chromatograph: Agilent model 7890, series II), the separation yield was 70% and the purity was 96%.

[0082] Example 2. Purification and dilution of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol A portion of the product from Example 1 was crystallized from diethyl ether to provide a purity of 99.6%. A dilution was prepared by mixing AMB with deionized water at 40°C. The resulting solution was cooled until the sample solidified. Table 1 below shows the melting point data for AMB samples at different purity levels and dilutions. Sample 1 is the distilled product from Example 1. Sample 2 is Sample 1 with water. Sample 3 is the crystalline form of the product from Example 1. Sample 4 is Sample 3 with water. Higher levels of impurities and water provide lower melting points.

[0083] Table 1. Properties of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol with different purities and water contents

[0084] The isolated product can be diluted with water to 90% activity to improve stability.

[0085] Example 3. Demand for 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as a dispersant in paints and coatings Add 137.7 g of deionized water (31 wt%) and a wetting agent (0.05 wt% ammonia, NaOH, Genamin Gluco 50, AMP, or AMB) to a 250 mL container. Rotate the container on a disperser at 800 rpm and add Kronos® 2190 titanium dioxide (69 wt%). Increase the disperser speed to 1200 rpm for 5 minutes and measure the Krebs viscosity. Every 5 minutes, add a polymer dispersant (OROTAN™ 731A ER) in increments of 0.04 wt% (relative to the wt% of Kronos® 2190 TiO2) and measure the Krebs viscosity (in Krebs units; “Ku”). Table 2 below summarizes the results of these experiments. Figure 1 Further explanation is provided below.

[0086]

[0087] like Figure 1 As shown in Table 2, the polymer dispersant (i.e., ...) required for AMB to achieve the minimum Krebs viscosity OROTAN™ 731A ER The amount of AMP was minimized (0.23 wt%) (compared to 0.47 wt% ammonia, 0.70 wt% NaOH, 0.70 wt% N,N-dimethylglucosamine, and 0.27 wt% AMP). The optimal (or minimum) concentration of the polymer dispersant reduced the hydrophilicity of the dry film, resulting in improvements in several parameters, such as water resistance, chemical resistance, stain resistance, surface scrub resistance, lower microbubble effect, and / or dehydration shrinkage formation during storage.

[0088] Example 4. Adsorption of additives on the pigment surface The natural affinity of additives for pigment surfaces is a key element of wetting agents. Modifying the interface between pigment and water through strong adsorption is one of the driving factors for pigment wetting efficiency. It can alter the hydrophilicity of the pigment surface or change the isoelectric point, thereby achieving better stability.

[0089] The solution consists of the following steps:

[0090]

[0091] Figure 2 The results show a direct comparison of AMB and AMP, with AMP serving as the benchmark for pigment wetting additives. The results using three organic pigments (PY83 Novoperm® Yellow HR70 from Clariant, PR122 Hostaperm® PinkE, and PV 23 Hostaperm® Violet RL) and one carbon black (Mogul L from Cabot) highlight the higher adsorption capacity of AMB compared to AMP. For both additives, adsorption capacity with TiO2 (Kronos® 3741) was similar.

[0092] Example 5. Particle size assessment of water-based anti-corrosion pigment slurry Four water-based slurries containing anti-corrosion pigments (“ACP”) were prepared using the following method: zinc phosphate, zinc molybdenum orthophosphate, calcium magnesium orthophosphate, and calcium-modified silica gel. Prepare a solution containing water, 20 wt% ACP and 0.2% wetting agents (NH3, AMP and AMB).

[0093] Disperse the solution in a dispersion dish for 20 minutes. The average particle size was determined using a Mastersizer 3000 instrument from Malvern. Figure 3 Box plots are shown for the average particle size of all four ACP types. AMB provides the lowest particle size, corresponding to better deagglomeration and dispersion of ACP pigments.

[0094] Example 6. Corrosion Resistance A group of water-based anti-corrosion paints colored with pigments were prepared using zinc phosphate as an ACP (anti-corrosion pigment), and their compositions are given in Table 3 below.

[0095]

[0096] The corrosion resistance was tested using the following test conditions based on a 168-hour salt spray test, according to ASTM B117-2019: 5% by weight analytical grade NaCl in 95% by weight type IV water The pH of the collected salt solution is 7.03 ~ 7.16. The steel plate has a dry film thickness of 3 mils and vertical scratches. The grooved cage is tilted 15° to 20° relative to the vertical. The results are shown in Figure 4 The photographs show that AMP and AMB provide superior corrosion protection compared to ammonia. It is also noteworthy that comparing the results of 8 wt% zinc phosphate with those of 4 wt% zinc phosphate demonstrates that similar corrosion protection can be achieved using half the pigment concentration with 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0097] Example 7. Evaluation of Decorative Paint The principle of this evaluation is to establish a Design of Experiments (DoE) with 5 variables for each neutralizer / additive. -1 The results were statistically compared. Table 4 below shows the DoE generated for each evaluated additive (i.e., NaOH, AMB, or AMP), comprising 16 runs of DoE plus a control (the center point of the DoE was used with AMP, which is a common run for all products). The five parameters of the DoE are: Additive concentration: The initial dosage point was selected as 0.12 wt% and half of that dosage to test the efficiency of the additive.

[0098] Dispersant concentration: Low levels correspond to concentrations slightly above the minimum value determined by the dispersant demand curve, while high levels are 0.1%, corresponding to the supplier's typical recommended concentration.

[0099] TiO2 concentration: two levels, used to determine potential TiO2 reduction based on better dispersion efficiency.

[0100] Adhesive concentration: Two levels, used to determine potential adhesive reduction based on better latex stability.

[0101] Dispersion time: The low level is 7 minutes, which is a faster dispersion time based on our experience using our dispersers, and the high level is 20 minutes, which ensures complete dispersion of the pigment.

[0102]

[0103] The selected base formulations used in this study are described in Table 5 below.

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] All formulations were prepared using a Dispermat AE. Dispersion discs were used. For a 1 L container: 65 mm f (blade size). Components were added incrementally, with dispersion times and motor speeds as shown in the table above. Several properties of each paint were measured initially and over a 3-month period, including pH, viscosity (ICI, Brookfield viscosity at two speeds), gloss (20°, 60°, 85° angles), spectrophotometric testing (L*a*b*, and contrast ratio), dry film hardness, and wet scrub resistance.

[0107] Dry hiding power analysis Dry hiding power (or contrast ratio) is measured as follows: First, a coating is applied to Leneta hiding power paper using a coater with a wet film thickness of 150 microns. The coating is dried overnight, and then the L-reflectance is measured using a Spectrophotomètre CM-5 Konica Minolta calibrated daily. This value is the average of three measurements on the coated surface in both white and black areas. Dry hiding power is calculated by dividing the L-reflectance measured on black by the L-reflectance measured on white and multiplying by 100.

[0108] The changes in initial dry hiding power and dry hiding power after 3 months of aging for all 16 formulations, as designed using the above experimental method, were shown to... Figure 5 As shown in the figure provided, when AMB is used as a wetting agent, both the initial dry hiding power and the final dry hiding power are significantly higher.

[0109] Gloss analysis Gloss was measured using a BYK Gardner Tri-Gloss meter calibrated daily. Coating was performed using an automated coating system (e.g., Elcometer 4340) with a 150-micron wet film thickness. The drying process was systematically performed for 24 hours at 23°RH. Gloss values ​​were measured at 20°, 60°, and 85°. Initial gloss measured at 60° and changes in gloss with aging are shown in the figures. Figure 6 In comparison to NaOH, both AMP and AMB provided more stable results (due to the narrowest statistical analysis represented by box plots of 16 formulations), with AMB offering a higher level of gloss.

[0110] Equivalent implementation method While certain embodiments have been described and illustrated, modifications, equivalent substitutions, and other types of alterations can be made to the compositions of the present technology as described herein by those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing specification. Each aspect and embodiment described above may also include or combine variations or aspects of these other aspects and embodiments disclosed therein.

[0111] This technology is not limited to the specific aspects described herein, which are intended as separate illustrations of individual aspects of this technology. Many modifications and variations can be made to this technology without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Based on the foregoing description, functionally equivalent methods within the scope of this technology, in addition to those listed herein, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. It should be understood that this technology is not limited to specific methods, reagents, compounds, or compositions, which can, of course, vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. Therefore, this specification should be considered exemplary only, and the breadth, scope, and spirit of this technology are indicated solely by the appended claims, their limitations, and any equivalents thereof.

[0112] The embodiments exemplified herein may be suitably implemented without the presence of any or more elements or limitations not specifically disclosed herein. Therefore, terms such as “comprising,” “including,” and “containing” should be interpreted broadly and without limitation. Furthermore, the terms and expressions used herein have been used as descriptive rather than restrictive terms, and their use is not intended to exclude any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it should be recognized that various modifications may be made within the scope of the claimed technology. Additionally, the phrase “consistently composed of” should be understood to include those specifically listed elements as well as additional elements that do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the claimed technology. The phrase “consisting of” excludes any unspecified elements.

[0113] Furthermore, when features or aspects of this disclosure are described in accordance with the Markush Group, those skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure is also described in accordance with any individual member or subgroup of the Markush Group. Each narrower class and subgroup falling within the general disclosure also constitutes part of the technology. This includes a general description of the technology from which any attached conditions or negative limitations on the subject matter are removed, regardless of whether the removed content is specifically stated herein.

[0114] As those skilled in the art will understand, for any and all purposes, especially for the purpose of providing a written description, all scopes disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subscopes and combinations thereof. Any listed scope can be simply considered sufficiently descriptive and such that the same scope can be decomposed into at least two, three, four, five, ten, etc., equal parts. As a non-limiting example, each scope discussed herein can be readily decomposed into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As those skilled in the art will also understand, all language such as “at most,” “at least,” “greater than,” and “less than” includes the listed numbers and refers to a scope that can subsequently be decomposed into subscopes as described above. Finally, as those skilled in the art will understand, a scope includes each individual member.

[0115] All publications, patent applications, granted patents, and other documents (e.g., journals, articles, and / or textbooks) mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference as if each individual publication, patent application, granted patent, or other document were specifically and individually identified as being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Definitions contained in the text incorporated by reference that contradict the definitions in this disclosure are excluded.

[0116] This technology may include, but is not limited to, the features and combinations thereof described in the following paragraphs. It should be understood that the following paragraphs should not be construed as limiting the scope of the appended claims, or requiring that all such features be included in these claims: A. A coating composition comprising: The following are dispersions of substances: Pigments and additives, Adhesives and the additives, or The combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive. The additive mentioned above contains 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0117] B. The composition according to paragraph A, wherein the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 15 wt% of the additive.

[0118] C. The composition according to paragraph A or paragraph B, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt% of the additive.

[0119] D. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A, C, and D, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the additive.

[0120] E. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A, D, and E, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.3 wt% of the additive.

[0121] F. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A, E, and E further comprises a neutralizing agent other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0122] G. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AF, wherein the composition comprises about 10 wt% to about 80 wt% of adhesive.

[0123] H. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt% to about 65 wt% of a polymeric adhesive resin.

[0124] I. The composition according to paragraph H, wherein the polymeric adhesive resin is selected from the group consisting of: polyacrylate, poly(tert-decanoate), polyethylene-vinyl acetate, polyester, or a combination of two or more of these.

[0125] J. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A and B, wherein the additive is present as a racemic mixture.

[0126] K. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A and J, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 75%.

[0127] L. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AK, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 90%.

[0128] M. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AL, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 95%.

[0129] N. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AM, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 99%.

[0130] O. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AN further comprises about 10 wt% to about 75 wt% of pigment.

[0131] P. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AO, wherein the composition comprises about 55 wt% to about 75 wt% of pigment.

[0132] Q. The composition according to paragraph O or paragraph P, wherein the pigment comprises a colorant.

[0133] R. The composition according to any one of paragraphs OQ, wherein the pigment comprises titanium dioxide.

[0134] S. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A, R, and C further comprises a dispersant.

[0135] T. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A and B, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% of a dispersant.

[0136] U. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AT further comprises one or more of the following: cosolvent, coalescing agent, leveling agent, thickener, rheology modifier, corrosion inhibitor, defoamer, wetting agent, dispersant, biocide, flow control agent based on (meth)acrylic acid homopolymer or silicone oil, or any combination of two or more of them.

[0137] V. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AU, wherein the dispersion is an aqueous dispersion of the following substances: The pigment and the additive The adhesive and the additive, or The combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive. The additive mentioned above contains 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0138] W. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AV, wherein the composition is a coating.

[0139] X. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AW, wherein the composition is a latex paint.

[0140] Y. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AX, wherein the composition further comprises an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (“other amino alcohols”).

[0141] Z. The composition according to paragraph Y, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more thereof.

[0142] AA. The composition according to paragraph Y or paragraph Z, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

[0143] AB. The composition according to any one of paragraphs Y-AA, wherein, in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, the composition further comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol.

[0144] AC. The composition according to any one of paragraphs A-AB, wherein the composition exhibits a bio-based content of at least about 10% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24.

[0145] AD. A coating comprising the composition described in any one of paragraphs A-A, after drying.

[0146] AE. A method comprising adding an effective amount of an additive to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion containing a pigment to increase the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compound in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0147] AF. A method comprising adding an effective amount of an additive to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion containing a pigment and / or a binder to increase the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compounds in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

[0148] AG. A composition comprising: 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, approximately 30 wt% to approximately 99.99 wt%; Water, approximately 0.01 wt% to approximately 70 wt%; and Optionally, amino alcohols other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol (“other amino alcohols”).

[0149] AH. The composition according to paragraph AG comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 60 wt% of the other amino alcohols.

[0150] AI. The composition according to paragraph AH contains no more than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohols.

[0151] AJ. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AI comprises about 70 wt% to about 95 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and about 5 wt% to about 30 wt% of water.

[0152] AK. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AJ comprises about 90 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, about 10 wt% of water and less than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohols.

[0153] AL. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AK, wherein the composition comprises less than 2 wt% of a secondary amine.

[0154] AM. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AL, wherein the composition further comprises not more than 5 wt% of the other amino alcohols.

[0155] AN. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AM, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more thereof.

[0156] AO. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AN, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

[0157] AP. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AO, wherein in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, the composition further comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol.

[0158] AQ. The composition according to any one of paragraphs AG-AP, wherein the composition exhibits a bio-based content of at least about 10% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24.

[0159] AR. A method for preparing the composition described in any one of paragraphs AG-AQ, the method comprising combining 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol of a purity of at least 95 wt% with sufficient water to provide the composition.

[0160] AS. According to the method described in paragraph AR, the method further includes mixing the combined 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and water until a homogeneous solution is obtained.

[0161] Other embodiments are set forth in the appended claims, and these claims are given the full scope of the equivalents.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: The following are dispersions of substances: Pigments and additives, Adhesives and the additives, or The combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive. The additive mentioned above contains 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 15 wt% of the additive.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt% of the additive.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the additive.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 0.05 wt% to about 0.3 wt% of the additive.

6. The composition of claim 1 further comprises a neutralizing agent other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 10 wt% to about 80 wt% of an adhesive.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt% to about 65 wt% of a polymeric adhesive resin.

9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the polymeric adhesive resin is selected from the group consisting of: polyacrylate, poly(tert-decanoate), polyethylene-vinyl acetate, polyester, or a combination of two or more thereof.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the additive is present as a racemic mixture.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 75%.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 90%.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 95%.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the additive is purified such that an enantiomer is present at a level greater than 99%.

15. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 10 wt% to about 75 wt% of pigment.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 55 wt% to about 75 wt% of pigment.

17. The composition of claim 15, wherein the pigment comprises a colorant.

18. The composition of claim 15, wherein the pigment comprises titanium dioxide.

19. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a dispersant.

20. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% of a dispersant.

21. The composition of claim 1 further comprises one or more of the following: cosolvent, coalescing agent, leveling agent, thickener, rheology modifier, corrosion inhibitor, defoamer, wetting agent, dispersant, biocide, flow control agent based on (meth)acrylic acid homopolymer or silicone oil, or any combination of two or more of them.

22. The composition of claim 1, wherein the dispersion is an aqueous dispersion of the following substances: Pigments and additives, Adhesives and the additives, or The combination of the pigment, the binder, and the additive. The additive mentioned above contains 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

23. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a coating.

24. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is latex paint.

25. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an amino alcohol other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol ("other amino alcohols").

26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

27. The composition of claim 25, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

28. The composition of claim 25, wherein, in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, the composition further comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol.

29. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition exhibits a bio-based content of at least about 10% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24.

30. A coating comprising the dried composition of any one of claims 1-29.

31. A method comprising adding an effective amount of an additive to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion containing a pigment to increase the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compound in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

32. A method comprising adding an effective amount of an additive to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion containing a pigment and / or a binder to increase the pH of the composition, stabilize the dispersion of the pigment in the composition, and / or at least partially neutralize any acidic compound in the composition, wherein the additive comprises 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol.

33. A composition comprising: 3-Amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, approximately 30 wt% to approximately 99.99 wt%; Water, approximately 0.01 wt% to approximately 70 wt%; and Optionally, amino alcohols other than 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol ("other amino alcohols").

34. The composition of claim 33, comprising about 0.01 wt% to about 60 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

35. The composition of claim 34, comprising not more than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

36. The composition of claim 33, comprising about 70 wt% to about 95 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and about 5 wt% to about 30 wt% of water.

37. The composition of claim 33, comprising about 90 wt% of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, about 10 wt% of water and less than 1 wt% of the other amino alcohols.

38. The composition of claim 33, wherein the composition comprises less than 2 wt% of a secondary amine.

39. The composition of claim 33, wherein the composition further comprises not more than 5 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

40. The composition of claim 34, wherein the other amino alcohol is 2-aminoethanol, triethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol, or any combination of two or more thereof.

41. The composition of claim 33, wherein the composition comprises at least about 0.01 wt% of the other amino alcohol.

42. The composition of claim 40, wherein, in addition to 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol, the composition further comprises 3-(ethylamino)-3-methylbut-2-ol.

43. The composition of claim 33, wherein the 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol exhibits a bio-based content of at least about 10% as determined by radiocarbon analysis according to ASTM D6866-24.

44. A method for preparing the composition of any one of claims 33-43, the method comprising combining 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol of a purity of at least 95 wt% with sufficient water to provide the composition.

45. The method of claim 43, wherein the method further comprises mixing the combined 3-amino-3-methyl-2-butanol and water until a homogeneous solution is obtained.

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