Adjustment of sensing coverage area

Abstract

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable storage media for adjusting a sensing coverage area. In this technical solution, an apparatus including a sensing management function can determine that a sensing coverage area of a sensing system is to be adjusted to sense a moving target, and the apparatus can send a sensing static power adjustment indication to a sensing transition device, where the sensing static power adjustment indication indicates to the sensing transition device to adjust a static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area. The sensing transition device can adjust the static power of the signals reflected from the one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area based on the sensing static power adjustment indication. Thus, the sensing coverage area can be adjusted as a static power adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure generally relate to the field of communications, and particularly to apparatus, methods, and computer-readable storage media for adjusting the sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system for a communication system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, integrating sensing into communication systems is still in its early stages of development. For example, research related to 5G Advanced (5G-A) communication systems focuses on the integration of communication and sensing functions within these systems. This integration involves utilizing the characteristics of the wireless channels of access nodes in the 5G-A communication system's access network (e.g., WiFi™ or New Radio (NR) access network) to acquire information about the environment of the radio access node and enabling it to sense objects within that environment. Recent research on integrating communication and sensing functions into communication systems (such as 5G-A systems) has focused on improving the ability of access nodes in the access network to sense objects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In general, the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide a technical solution for adjusting the sensing coverage area.

[0004] In a first aspect, an apparatus for a communication system is provided. The apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions for a sensing management function, wherein, when executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus causes to at least: receive information from a sensing receiver of a sensing system of the communication system regarding a sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, the information including at least an indication of sensing a specific signal-to-noise ratio or a sensing coverage area; determine, based on the information regarding the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted to sense a moving target; and, based on the determination that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, send a sensing static power adjustment instruction to a sensing conversion device, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction instructs the sensing conversion device to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0005] In a second aspect, a sensing conversion device is provided. The sensing conversion device includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing conversion device to at least perform: receiving a sensing static power adjustment instruction from a means including a sensing management function to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from a stationary object; and performing static power adjustment based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system.

[0006] In a third aspect, a sensing receiver for a sensing system in a communication system is provided. The sensing receiver includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing receiver to at least: receive a dual-function radar communication (DFRC) waveform from a sensing transmitter; process the DFRC waveform to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; and transmit the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system to a means including sensing management functions, the information including at least an indication of a specific signal-to-noise ratio or sensing coverage area.

[0007] In a fourth aspect, a method performed by means for a communication system is provided. The method includes: receiving information about a sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system from a sensing receiver of a sensing system of the communication system, the information including at least an indication of sensing a specific signal-to-noise ratio or sensing coverage area; determining, based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted to sense a moving target; and, based on the determination that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, sending a sensing static power adjustment instruction to a sensing conversion device, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction indicates to the sensing conversion device that: the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area is adjusted to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0008] In a fifth aspect, a method performed by a sensing conversion device is provided. The method includes: receiving a sensing static power adjustment instruction from a means including a sensing management function to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from a stationary object; and performing static power adjustment based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system.

[0009] In a sixth aspect, a method is provided performed by a sensing receiver of a sensing system for a communication system. The method includes: receiving a DFRC waveform from a sensing transmitter; processing the DFRC waveform to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; and transmitting the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system to a means including sensing management functions, the information including at least an indication of a specific signal-to-noise ratio or sensing coverage area.

[0010] In a seventh aspect, an apparatus for a communication system is provided. The apparatus includes: components for receiving information about a sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system from a sensing receiver of a sensing system of the communication system, the information including at least an indication of a specific signal-to-noise ratio or a sensing coverage area; components for determining, based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted to sense a moving target; and components for sending a sensing static power adjustment instruction to a sensing conversion device based on the determination that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction indicates to the sensing conversion device that the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area is adjusted to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0011] In an eighth aspect, a sensing conversion device is provided. The sensing conversion device includes: a component for receiving a sensing static power adjustment instruction from a means including a sensing management function to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from a stationary object; and a component for performing static power adjustment based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system.

[0012] In a ninth aspect, a sensing receiver for a sensing system in a communication system is provided. The sensing receiver includes: components for receiving a DFRC waveform from a sensing transmitter; components for processing the DFRC waveform to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; and components for transmitting the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system to a means including a sensing management function, the information including at least an indication of a specific signal-to-noise ratio or a sensing coverage area.

[0013] In a tenth aspect, an apparatus for a communication system is provided. The apparatus includes: a receiving circuit system configured to: receive information about a sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system from a sensing receiver of a sensing system of the communication system, the information including at least an indication of a specific signal-to-noise ratio or a sensing coverage area; a determining circuit system configured to: determine, based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted to sense a moving target; and a transmitting circuit system configured to: based on the determination that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, transmit a sensing static power adjustment instruction to a sensing conversion device, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction indicates to the sensing conversion device that: the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area is adjusted to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0014] In an eleventh aspect, a sensing conversion device is provided. The sensing conversion device includes: a receiving circuit system configured to receive a sensing static power adjustment instruction from a means including a sensing management function to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from a stationary object; and an execution circuit system configured to perform static power adjustment based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0015] In a twelfth aspect, a sensing receiver for a sensing system in a communication system is provided. The sensing receiver includes: a receiving circuit system configured to receive a DFRC waveform from a sensing transmitter; an execution circuit system configured to process the DFRC waveform to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; and a transmitting circuit system configured to transmit the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system to a means including a sensing management function, the information including at least an indication of a specific signal-to-noise ratio or a sensing coverage area.

[0016] In a thirteenth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions for causing a device to perform at least any one of the methods of the fourth to sixth aspects is provided.

[0017] In the fourteenth aspect, a computer program including instructions is provided, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least any one of the methods of the fourth to sixth aspects.

[0018] It should be understood that the summary portion is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figures 1A to 1F The illustrations show some example sensing systems;

[0021] Figure 2 The illustration shows an example of an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system in which some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;

[0022] Figure 3 The illustration shows an example of a process for sensing one or more targets in an ISAC system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 4 The illustration shows an example schematic diagram of the adjustment of the sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 5 The illustration shows flowcharts of methods performed by SeMF according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 6 The illustration shows a flowchart of a method performed by a sensing conversion device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 7 The illustration shows a flowchart of a method performed by a sensing receiver according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 8 The illustration shows a simplified block diagram of an apparatus suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 9 The illustration shows a simplified block diagram of an apparatus suitable for implementing some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0029] Figure 10 A block diagram illustrating an example of a computer-readable medium according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various other ways besides those described below.

[0032] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0033] In this disclosure, references to "an embodiment," "embodiment," and "example embodiment," etc., indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment must include that particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that, whether explicitly described or not, combining it with other embodiments to affect such a feature, structure, or characteristic is within the scope of their knowledge.

[0034] It should be understood that although the terms “first” and “second”, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0035] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” used herein also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further understanding is that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “containing,” and / or “comprise”, as used herein, specify the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “<at least one of a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording (where a list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”) means at least any one of these elements, or at least any two or more of these elements, or at least all of these elements.

[0036] As used in this application, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) Pure hardware circuit implementation (such as implementation using only analog and / or digital circuit systems), and (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) A combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits and software / firmware, and (ii) Any part of a hardware processor (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and (multiple) memories, which work together to enable a device (such as a mobile phone or server) to perform various functions, and (c) (Multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or portions of (multiple) microprocessors, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but the software may be absent when operation is not required.

[0037] The definition of "circuit system" applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term "circuit system" also covers only hardware circuitry or a processor (or processors) or a portion of hardware circuitry or a processor and its accompanying software and / or firmware. For example, if applicable to a particular claim element, the term "circuit system" also covers baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.

[0038] As used herein, the term "communication network" refers to a network that conforms to any suitable communication standard, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A), New Radio (NR), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), IoT over NTN, etc. Furthermore, communications within a communication network can be performed according to any suitable generation of communication protocol, including but not limited to first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), 4.5G, fifth-generation (5G), sixth-generation (6G) communication protocols and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to various communication systems. Given the rapid development of communications, there will naturally be communication technologies and systems that can be used to embody future types of communication technologies and systems. This should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure to the systems described above.

[0039] As used herein, the term "network device" refers to a node in a communication network through which terminal devices access the network and receive services. A network device can refer to a base station (BS) or access point (AP), such as a Node B (NodeB or NB), an evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), a New Radio (NR) NB (also known as a gNB), a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Radio Header (RH), a Remote Radio Header (RRH), an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a relay, a low-power node (such as a femtosecond or picosecond), etc., depending on the terminology and technology used.

[0040] The term "terminal device" refers to any terminal device capable of wireless communication. By way of example and not limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), portable subscriber station, mobile station (MS), or access terminal (AT). Terminal devices may include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, tablets, wearable terminal devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, desktop computers, image capture terminal devices (such as digital cameras), gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback devices, in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop embedded devices (LEE), laptop mounted devices (LME), USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer premises equipment (CPE), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, machine-type communication (MTC) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. In the following description, the terms "terminal equipment", "communication equipment", "terminal", "user equipment" and "UE" are used interchangeably.

[0041] One of the most dynamic developments in the Wi-Fi industry recently has been addressing whole-home Wi-Fi coverage and performance. To meet this need, several proprietary multi-AP (Access Point) solutions have emerged in the market. According to market research by National Purchasing Diary Group, these proprietary solutions currently account for approximately 40% of the North American retail AP market revenue. These sales figures indicate that consumers are willing to purchase devices that enhance their home Wi-Fi experience. Meanwhile, service providers around the world are offering or planning solutions to address whole-home Wi-Fi coverage with extended sensing capabilities as a service, and homebuilders are also looking to deliver a superior integrated communications and sensing Wi-Fi experience in new home purchases.

[0042] The first sensing international standard, IEEE P802.11bf™ / D0.01 (March 2022), defines sensing as the use of received WLAN signals to detect characteristics of a human / object / animal target in a given environment. For example, features such as range, speed, angle, motion, presence or proximity, and gestures can be used in room, house, car, and enterprise environments. Target frequency bands can range from 1 GHz to 7.1 GHz and above 45 GHz.

[0043] WLAN sensing enables STAs to acquire sensing measurements of multiple channels between the AP and / or the STA. By performing the WLAN sensing process, it is possible for the STA to acquire sensing measurements for detecting and tracking environmental changes. For a sensing session, some sensing entity roles will be defined as follows:

[0044] Sensing Receiver: A sensing receiver is an entity that receives sensing signals that the sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing receiver is an NR RAN node or a UE. The sensing receiver may be located in the same or a different entity as the sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing receiver may be a STA that receives PPDUs transmitted by the sensing transmitter and performs sensing measurements during WLAN sensing.

[0045] Sensing transmitter: A sensing transmitter is an entity that emits sensing signals that a sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing transmitter is an NR RAN node or a UE. The sensing transmitter may reside in the same or a different entity as the sensing receiver. For example, a sensing transmitter could be an AP that transmits PPDUs for sensing measurements during WLAN sensing.

[0046] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is a key technology for 5G-A and 6G. It involves integrating communication and sensing functions into a single system to enable efficient resource sharing. ISAC design allows communication and sensing functions to share the same resources, such as frequency bands and hardware, to improve spectral efficiency and reduce costs. With the widespread deployment of communication infrastructure such as 5G base stations, integrating sensing functions into communication systems has become a hot topic in recent years. This technology can be widely applied to typical application scenarios such as intelligent transportation, low-altitude airspace, smart living, and intelligent networks. Network transformation and upgrades are necessary to achieve wireless sensing capabilities in current 5G networks.

[0047] Communication and sensing fusion achieves a unified design of communication and sensing functions through joint signal design and / or hardware sharing. The sensing component in communication and sensing fusion can be understood as wireless sensing technology based on a communication system. It transmits wireless signals to a target area or object and analyzes the received echo signals to obtain corresponding sensing measurement information. Therefore, wireless communication networks (such as WiFi™ networks and radio access networks) inherently possess wireless sensing capabilities. Base stations and terminals will have both communication and sensing capabilities to provide sensing services for various applications. Integrating communication and sensing functions into a single system offers several benefits, including improved spectral efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced performance.

[0048] Currently, the convergence of communication and sensing is still in its early stages of development. In the 5G-A phase, the main focus is on exploring the integration of communication and sensing functions based on the 5G network architecture and enhanced air interface design. This involves leveraging the characteristics of wireless channels to acquire richer environmental information and enabling basic sensing applications. To achieve this goal, 3GPP will define several key technology areas related to the convergence of communication and sensing in Release 19 (Rel-19).

[0049] SA1 focuses on defining the service and system requirements for communication and sensing convergence, including use cases, functional requirements, and performance metrics. This ensures that the integrated system meets the needs of different application scenarios, such as intelligent transportation, smart cities, and industrial automation. SA2 focuses on architectural enhancements to 5G systems to meet the following requirements: ● Expanding the 5G system architecture to support sensing capabilities, ● Based on sensing capability requirements, identify any extensions or gaps in the LCS (Location-Based Services)-based architecture. ● LMF (Location Management Function) role survey and / or new network functions (NF) with dedicated sensing capabilities. ● Impact on network functionality.

[0050] LMF manages the overall coordination and scheduling of resources required for the location of UEs registered with or accessing the 5G core network (5GCN). LMF also calculates or verifies the final location and any velocity estimates, and can estimate the accuracy of the final location realization. The LMF function focuses only on connected UEs. In many use cases, sensing services are requested for defined areas (e.g., parking lots or parking spaces, industrial areas, etc.). However, current LMF logic cannot be used for sensing services, therefore a (new) dedicated Sensing Management Function (SeMF) may be preferable to avoid extending the LMF, which could lead to complex designs. SeMF can interact with Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) to coordinate sensing functions (using the spirit of LMF-AMF interaction for location services).

[0051] Figures 1A to 1F Some example sensing systems are illustrated. Figure 1A It can be viewed as a single static sensing system 110, in which a single access node (e.g., gNB) 112 acts as a detector and sensor (e.g., configured as a sensing receiver and sensing transmitter). Figure 1B The system 120 can be considered a dual static (or multi static) sensing system, in which one access node (e.g., gNB) 122 acts as a detector (e.g., configured as a sensing transmitter) and another (or more) access nodes (e.g., gNB 124) (or other gNBs) act as sensors (e.g., configured as (multiple) sensing receivers). Figure 1CThe sensing system 130 can be viewed as a single static UE-based sensing system, where a single UE 132 acts as both a detector and a sensor (e.g., configured as a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter). Figure 1D The sensing system 140 can be considered as a dual static (or multi static) UE, in which one UE 142 acts as a detector (e.g., configured as a sensing transmitter) and another UE 144 (or other UE) acts as a sensor (e.g., configured as (multiple) sensor receivers). Figure 1E It can be viewed as a DL-based collaborative sensing system 150, in which one access node (e.g., gNB 152) acts as a detector and one UE 154 (or multiple UEs) acts as a sensor (e.g., as a sensing receiver). Figure 1F It can be viewed as a UL-based collaborative sensing system 160, in which one UE 162 acts as a detector (e.g., configured as a sensing transmitter) and one access node (e.g., gNB) 164 (or multiple gNBs) acts as a sensor (e.g., one access node is configured as a sensing receiver, or multiple access nodes are configured as sensing receivers).

[0052] In some examples, sensing systems 110, 120, and 160 may be referred to as gNB sensing systems, while sensing systems 130, 140, and 150 may be referred to as UE sensing systems.

[0053] Overall, coverage for communication users has been a key topic of discussion in 5G NR wireless networks, specifically involving coverage enhancement and related parameters that vary depending on the deployment scenario. Wireless sensing coverage area research focuses on improving the coverage and performance of WSNs across various communication technologies. ● Wi-Fi™ Sensing: Wi-Fi™ signals are used to detect human presence, track human movement, and determine activities performed by humans. Changes in the signal characteristics of Wi-Fi™ signals received by Wi-Fi™ sensors (e.g., sensors configured to detect Wi-Fi™ signals) are analyzed to determine Channel State Information (CSI) and further track object movement, occupancy, and even physiological information. ● NR Sensing: NR (a 5G technology) provides advanced waveform designs such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) to enable accurate detection and environmental characterization. NR-based sensing has been explored for radar sensing, indoor positioning, and occupancy detection, providing higher resolution sensing capabilities. ● Sensing in 6G Systems: Future 6G systems are designed to support features such as ultra-reliable low-latency communication, terahertz frequencies, and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). These features facilitate high-resolution sensing, precise positioning, and intelligent resource allocation to achieve enhanced coverage and sensing capabilities.

[0054] Typically, due to the inherent characteristics of sensing systems that use reflected signals (e.g., RF signals reflected from an object) for sensing, radio frequency (RF) sensing systems (e.g., sensing systems that transmit and receive RF signals) have limited or small sensing ranges. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the communication range and sensing range of an access node (or UE) configured to perform both sensing and communication; for example, the communication range of a WiFi™ access node might be tens of meters, while its sensing range is only 4-8 meters. Furthermore, since wireless sensing by an access node or UE (e.g., a sensing receiver) relies on sensing the reflection of wireless signals (e.g., RF signals) from a target (e.g., a target object) to sense the target, the presence of other non-target objects (e.g., stationary objects) in the coverage area of ​​the access node or UE configured for wireless sensing (e.g., a sensing receiver) can interfere with the reflection from the target, making it difficult for the access node (or UE) to sense the target (e.g., the target object). To ensure that the target (e.g., the target object) can be sensed by the access node or UE (e.g., a sensing receiver), the coverage area of ​​the sensing system (referred to herein as sensing coverage) should be enhanced.

[0055] To enhance the sensing coverage area of ​​a station (STA) or user equipment (UE), such as a sensing receiver, various technologies exist, including collaborative sensing, signal processing, and AI. Collaborative sensing involves multiple entities that can collaborate and share information to achieve better overall coverage, or it involves fusing data from multiple sources to enhance the overall sensing capabilities of the STA or UE. Signal processing and AI technologies include advanced signal processing and ML / AI models that extract meaningful information from wireless signals. These technologies can optimize sensing coverage, enable anomaly detection, and improve overall sensing performance.

[0056] However, current technologies for enhancing sensing coverage may require collaboration among multiple entities or consume significant computational resources from ML / AI models. Therefore, further research is needed on how to expand sensing coverage areas.

[0057] This disclosure provides example embodiments of a method for adjusting (e.g., enhancing) the sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system for a communication system, such as a 5G-A communication system. In embodiments of this disclosure, the sensing management function of the core network of the communication system can send a sensing static power adjustment instruction to a sensing switching device, which can then adjust the static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects within the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction. Therefore, as the static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects within the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is adjusted (e.g., increased), the sensing coverage area can be adjusted (e.g., enhanced). Some example embodiments of the methods of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Figure 2 An example of an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system 200 in which some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented is illustrated.

[0059] ISAC system 200 is an NR system (e.g., a 5G or 5G-A communication system configured for wireless communication and sensing). ISAC 200 may include a core network (not shown) containing various network functions. The core network (not shown) may include a device 210 that hosts or includes Sensing Management Functions (SeMF) (e.g., may include SeMF program instructions stored in the memory of device 210). It should be understood that device 210 may host or include another network function of the core network (e.g., instructions for other network functions of the core network); however, for ease of illustration, Figure 2 Only SeMF is shown in the image.

[0060] The ISAC system 200 also includes a sensing switching device (STD) 220 capable of communicating with the SeMF hosted on device 210. In some implementations, the STD 220 may be implemented as or may include or be an access point (AP), repeater, reconfigurable smart surface (RIS), smart reflective surface access point (IRS AP), or a sensing-specific power tuning terminal capable of adjusting sensing static power. It should be understood that the STD 220 may be implemented as (or include) another type of device, another type of network element, or another type of equipment not listed herein, and this disclosure is not limiting in this respect.

[0061] The ISAC system 200 also includes a sensing transmitter 230 (e.g., an AP or gNB configured as a sensing transmitter) and a sensing receiver 240 (e.g., a STA or UE configured as a sensing receiver). The sensing transmitter 230 and the sensing receiver 240 together form a sensing system. In some implementations, the sensing transmitter 230 and the sensing receiver 240 may be regarded as a detector and a sensor, respectively.

[0062] In some example embodiments, the sensing transmitter 230 may be an access node of the access network (e.g., Figure 1E (as shown in the gNB 152 of the radio access network), the sensing receiver 240 can be a UE (such as...) Figure 1E (UE 154 shown). In some other example embodiments, the sensing transmitter 230 may be an access point of a WiFi™ network, and the sensing receiver 240 may be a STA. However, it should be understood that the sensing transmitter 230 may be some other access node of the access network.

[0063] A sensing system including a sensing transmitter 230 and a sensing receiver 240 can be used to sense one or more targets, such as Figure 2 The target object 250 is shown. When sensing one or more targets, the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is considered; for example, one or more targets should be located within the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system. In other words, objects located outside the sensing coverage area will not be considered as sensing targets.

[0064] In this disclosure, the sensing coverage area of ​​a sensing system can refer to the area or range in which the sensing system (e.g., sensing receiver 240) can sense static and / or dynamic targets (e.g., objects). In this disclosure, the term sensing coverage area can be used interchangeably with sensing coverage range, sensing coverage boundary, sensing coverage, sensing area, sensing range, coverage area for sensing, coverage range for sensing, coverage boundary for sensing, and coverage for sensing.

[0065] The sensing system, including the sensing transmitter 230 and sensing receiver 240 of the ISAC system 200, may not be located in free space. For example, the sensing system may be located in a multipath environment, where one or more other objects that are not the sensing target may exist. For example, one or more stationary objects may be located within the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, as an example, a stationary object 260 (e.g., a static closet or table) is shown within the sensing coverage area.

[0066] It is possible for one or more stationary objects (such as...) to exist within the coverage area of ​​the sensing system. Figure 2The sensing system 200 can receive (or sense) some sensing signals (e.g., wireless signals, such as RF signals) reflected from one or more stationary objects (260) within the coverage area. In this disclosure, the STD 220 of the ISAC system 200 can adjust (or change or control) the power of the sensing signals (e.g., wireless signals) reflected from one or more stationary objects within the coverage area. In this disclosure, the power reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing system can be referred to as sensing static power, static power, multipath sensing static power, multipath static power, static power level, static power level, and LOS static power level.

[0067] In this disclosure, there are no restrictions on how the STD 220 adjusts its quiescent power. For example, the way the STD 220 adjusts its quiescent power may depend on the device type of the STD 220 and the capabilities of the STD 220.

[0068] It should be understood that Figure 2 The number of sensing transmitters (e.g., APs and / or gNBs), sensing receivers (e.g., UEs and / or STAs), devices, and objects shown is for illustrative purposes only. The ISAC system 200 may include any suitable number of sensing transmitters (e.g., APs and / or gNBs), sensing receivers (e.g., UEs and / or STAs), devices, and objects. For example, the sensing system of the ISAC system 200 may sense multiple non-stationary (e.g., moving) targets.

[0069] refer to Figure 3 Examples of a process 300 for sensing one or more targets in an ISAC system 200, according to some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For discussion purposes, reference will be made to... Figure 2 Describe process 300. Process 300 relates to the transmission of messages between a device 210 including a SeMF, a STD 220, a sensing transmitter 230 (e.g., an AP or gNB), and a sensing receiver 240 (e.g., a STA or UE), and operations performed by the device 210 including a SeMF, a STD 220, a sensing transmitter 230 (e.g., an AP or gNB), and a sensing receiver 240 (e.g., a STA or UE).

[0070] In process 300, device 210 receives a request for a sensing service at 310. In this disclosure, a request for a sensing service may be referred to as a sensing service request. In some implementations, the sensing service request may be sent by an application (i.e., a third application device), a client (client-side device), or a network function of the core network of the ISAC system 200. In some example embodiments, when a moving target to be sensed is present, the sensing service request may be sent to the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF). In this disclosure, the moving target to be sensed may also be referred to as a sensing target, a moving target, or a target. In some example implementations, the sensing service is associated with a moving target; that is, the sensing service is used to sense the moving target.

[0071] In some implementations, a sensing service request may indicate the type of sensing service (generally referred to herein as the sensing service type; for example, a sensing service request may include an indication of the sensing service type for the sensing service. In some example embodiments, the sensing service type may indicate that the sensing service is one of the following: intrusion detection, gesture recognition, localization, or drone (UAV) tracking).

[0072] In some implementations, a sensing service request may include sensing assistance information for the sensing service (or for a sensing session). In some implementations, the sensing assistance information for a sensing session may include sensing assistance information about a moving target. In some example embodiments, the sensing assistance information about a moving target may include one or more of the following: location information of the moving target (or the target to be sensed), the initial moving speed of the moving target, the initial moving direction of the moving target (i.e., the initial direction of movement of the moving target), ephemeris information of the moving target, information about the area used to sense the moving target, or information about the scene or environment used to sense the moving target. In some example embodiments, the sensing assistance information may also include one or more QoS requirements for the sensing service (e.g., the QoS requirements for sensing the moving target). For example, the information about the area used to sense the moving target may be information about the sensing range (or sensing area or sensing zone) used to sense the moving target, where the sensing range is an area of ​​interest to the application or client. For example, the location information of the moving target may be geographic information, which may indicate a bedroom, yard, factory, etc. For example, information about the scene or environment used to sense moving targets can indicate whether the scene or environment used to sense moving targets is indoors, outdoors, line-of-sight (LOS), non-line-of-sight (NLOS), drone sensing, intrusion detection, fall detection, urban or rural.

[0073] In some implementations, a sensing service request may include one or more QoS requirements for the sensing service, such as one or more QoS requirements for sensing a moving target. It should be understood that one or more QoS requirements may be included in the sensing assistance information within the sensing service request, or may be included in the sensing service request independently of the sensing assistance information (e.g., in addition to the sensing assistance information).

[0074] In this disclosure, one or more QoS requirements for sensing a moving target may also be referred to as one or more sensing requirements or key point indicators (KPIs). In some example embodiments, one or more QoS requirements may include one or more of the following: a first accuracy (e.g., ranging accuracy) for the sensing coverage area, a first resolution (e.g., ranging resolution) for the sensing coverage area, a second accuracy (e.g., speed accuracy) for the speed of the moving target, a second resolution (e.g., speed resolution) for the speed of the moving target, a third accuracy (e.g., angular accuracy) for the direction of movement of the moving target, or a third resolution (e.g., angular resolution) for the direction of movement of the moving target.

[0075] In this disclosure, accuracy is the degree of closeness between a measured or observed value and a true or accepted value. Accuracy reflects how well a measured or observed value corresponds to the actual value it represents. Resolution refers to the smallest distinguishable distance between two sensed targets in a sensing system. For example, resolution for velocity can refer to the smallest distinguishable velocity difference between two sensed targets in a sensing system.

[0076] In some example embodiments, one or more QoS requirements may include one or more of the following: false alarm rate for a moving target, detection probability for a moving target, maximum sensing latency for a moving target, energy efficiency for the sensing service, or the maximum number of targets to be sensed simultaneously. For example, the maximum number of targets to be sensed simultaneously may be the expected maximum number of targets to be sensed simultaneously (e.g., at the same time). For example, if too many targets are to be sensed simultaneously, the sensing receiver may fail to sense targets accurately, and the accuracy and / or latency for sensing moving targets may not meet the corresponding QoS requirements. In this disclosure, latency is the time delay between the initiation of a sensing action and the occurrence of a first effect. For example, false alarm rate refers to the frequency at which an alarm is falsely issued when there is no moving target. For example, detection probability indicates the frequency at which a moving target is correctly identified. For example, maximum sensing latency refers to the longest duration required to complete a sensing session. For example, energy efficiency refers to the level of energy consumption required to achieve satisfactory performance during a sensing session at the sensing receiver.

[0077] In some example embodiments, one or more QoS requirements may include one or more of the following: refresh frequency or refresh rate for sensing moving targets. In some example embodiments, one or more QoS requirements may include one or more of the following: confidence level or maximum false negative probability. For example, maximum false negative probability refers to the highest permissible probability of failing to correctly identify a moving target during a sensing session. It should be understood that one or more QoS requirements may include other QoS requirements described herein.

[0078] In process 300, at 320, the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) can select and configure an access node as a sensing transmitter, and select and configure a UE or STA as a sensing receiver. The selected sensing transmitter and sensing receiver together form a sensing system.

[0079] In some implementations, the SeMF (e.g., apparatus 210 including the SeMF) can select an access node (e.g., a gNB or access point) as a sensing transmitter 230 from a plurality of candidate access nodes using one or more different methods, and select a UE or STA as a sensing receiver 240 from a plurality of candidate UEs or STAs.

[0080] In some examples, device 210 may utilize its knowledge of the location information of the moving target and / or information about the area used to sense the moving target (e.g., included in a sensing service request at 310) and the distribution of access nodes (e.g., gNBs or access points) and select an access node (e.g., a gNB or access point) as the sensing transmitter 230. For example, the access node (e.g., a gNB) closest to (or located in) the area of ​​interest used to sense the moving target may be selected.

[0081] In some other examples, the SeMF (e.g., apparatus 210 including the SeMF) can identify multiple UEs or STAs surrounding a moving target. For example, the SeMF (e.g., apparatus 210 when selecting a UE or STA as a sensing transmitter) considers UEs or STAs located around the moving target. For example, one of the multiple UEs or STAs located around the moving target can be selected as sensing receiver 240. In some implementations, the SeMF (e.g., apparatus 210 including the SeMF) can select an access node (e.g., gNB or access point) serving the UE selected as sensing receiver 240 as sensing transmitter 230.

[0082] It should be understood that although some examples are discussed with reference to the gNB and UE forming the sensing system, in some other cases, the SeMF (e.g., the device 210 including the SeMF) can select the AP and STA to form the sensing system, and this disclosure is not limiting in this respect.

[0083] In some implementations, the sensing transmitter 230 (e.g., an access node) can send communications to the sensing receiver 240 (e.g., a UE). In some example implementations, such as Figure 3 As shown, at 301, the sensing transmitter 230 (e.g., gNB or AP) can transmit a communication waveform to the sensing receiver 240 (e.g., UE or STA). For example, the communication waveform can be a normal MIMO-OFDM waveform. For example, a waveform matrix (X) can be generated and used to transmit the communication waveform, and the waveform matrix can be orthogonal, i.e., the corresponding covariance matrix can be an identity matrix. In some examples, the sensing receiver 240 (e.g., UE or STA) can calculate (e.g., estimate) the static power (which can be determined based on signals reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area) and determine (or measure) the raw CSI based on a predefined reference signal (RS) configuration, for example, the raw CSI can be represented as H. For example, the predefined RS configuration can be received in advance from the sensing transmitter 230. In some implementations, at 302, the sensing receiver 240 (e.g., UE or STA) can transmit the calculated (e.g., estimated) static power and the raw CSI to the sensing transmitter 230.

[0084] In process 300, the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) sends a sensing session establishment request to the sensing transmitter 230 at 330. The sensing session establishment request may also be referred to as a sensing session request for establishing a sensing session for sensing services. For example, a sensing session establishment request is a request to establish a sensing session between the sensing transmitter 230 and the sensing receiver 240 to sense a moving target. In some implementations, the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) may send a sensing session establishment request to the sensing transmitter 230 after the gNB or AP has been selected by the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) as the sensing transmitter 230.

[0085] In some implementations, a sensing session establishment request may include an identifier for the sensing session (e.g., a sensing session identifier that identifies the sensing session) and sensing configuration for the sensing session. For example, the sensing configuration may indicate whether the sensing system is to perform monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing for the sensing session. For example, the sensing configuration may include an identifier for the sensing receiver 240.

[0086] In some implementations, the sensing session establishment request may include sensing assistance information for the sensing session. In some implementations, the sensing session establishment request may include one or more QoS requirements for the sensing service. For example, the sensing assistance information sent to the sensing transmitter 230 may include some or all of the sensing assistance information included in the sensing service request. Some details regarding the sensing assistance information and one or more QoS requirements can be found in the discussion above with reference to step 310, and therefore will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0087] At 332, the sensing transmitter 230 transmits a DFRC waveform to the sensing receiver 240. In some implementations, after receiving a sensing session establishment request from device 210, the sensing transmitter 230 may generate and transmit the DFRC waveform based on MIMO-OFDM. In some example implementations, a sensing session is triggered to be established by transmitting a DFRC waveform. For example, the DFRC waveform is a unified waveform that can be used for both sensing (sensing channel) and communication (NR communication). In some example implementations, the sensing transmitter 230 establishes a sensing session using a sensing session identifier and sensing configurations included in the sensing session establishment request. In some implementations, the sensing transmitter 230 may establish a sensing session by considering sensing assistance information and one or more QoS requirements included in the sensing session establishment request. For example, the sensing transmitter 230 may generate and transmit the DFRC waveform by considering sensing assistance information and / or one or more QoS requirements.

[0088] In some example implementations, the DFRC waveform can be generated based on the purpose of the MIMO radar for initial detection, that is, the transmitted waveform matrix X can be generated, and the waveform matrix is ​​quasi-orthogonal, that is, the corresponding covariance matrix must be a matrix specified according to the potential location of the sensed target.

[0089] The sensing receiver 240 performs sensing operations at 334. Specifically, at 334, the sensing receiver 240 calculates (e.g., estimates) a second CSI, performs a coverage assessment, and generates a first sensing coverage report. In some implementations, the sensing operations performed at 334 may include one or more of the following operations: data collection, data processing, data synchronization, measurement, calculation, evaluation, verification, or assessment.

[0090] In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may use a data collection method to collect sensing data. In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may determine (or select) a data collection method for collecting the sensing data. For example, the data collection method may involve parameters such as sampling rate, duration, and sampling environment. For example, a data collection method may be used to collect (or receive or sense) sensing data (such as raw sensing data). In this disclosure, sensing data may also be referred to as measurement data.

[0091] In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may use data processing methods to process the sensing data to determine one or more sensing results for one or more sensing targets. In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may determine (or select) the data processing method by considering, for example, auxiliary information used in the sensing session, and the data processing method will be used to process the sensing data to determine one or more sensing results for one or more sensing targets. For example, the data processing method may be a filtering, noise reduction, or signal conditioning method. In some example implementations, the sensing result may also be referred to as a measurement result or a sensing measurement result.

[0092] Alternatively or concurrently, the sensing receiver 240 may use data synchronization methods to maintain synchronization among multiple sensing receivers and meet QoS requirements. In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may determine (or select) the data synchronization method. For example, one or more data synchronization methods that can be used to align multiple sensing transmitters and / or receivers may be determined.

[0093] In some example implementations, there may be one or more sensing targets, which may include moving targets associated with the sensing service. The sensing results of one or more sensing targets may be determined by the sensing receiver 240. In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may generate initial information about the sensing results for one or more sensing targets.

[0094] In some implementations, the first information may include one or more identifiers of one or more sensing targets, and sensing results for one or more sensing targets. In some implementations, the first information may include one or more accuracies for one or more sensing targets; for example, one or more accuracies may be associated with the sensing results. For example, when determining the sensing results, the sensing receiver 240 may consider the expected level of accuracy of the sensing results. In some implementations, the first information may include one or more precisions for one or more sensing targets, and / or one or more reliabilitys for one or more sensing targets. For example, when determining the sensing results, the sensing receiver 240 may consider the expected level of precision or reliability of the sensing results. In some implementations, the first information may include at least one calibration operation for achieving one or more accuracies; for example, the sensing receiver 240 may perform at least one calibration operation to determine the sensing results.

[0095] In some example implementations, the sensing results include sensing a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SSNR). In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may identify one or more parameters or variables, calculate (e.g., estimate) a first mixed CSI based on one or more parameters or variables, and further determine (or calculate or estimate) the SSNR based on the first mixed CSI.

[0096] In some implementations, one or more parameters or variables may include one or more of the following associated with the sensing session: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received power of the reference signal (often referred to as received power of the reference signal (RSRP)), received signal strength indication (RSSI), path loss value, processing gain, or beamforming gain.

[0097] For example, one or more parameters or variables to be measured may be based on previous sensing measurements performed in LOS and / or NLOS scenarios, wherein one or more parameters or variables may include SINR, RSRP, or RSSI associated with different targets within the range of the sensing receiver 240.

[0098] For example, one or more parameters or variables to be measured may include one or more values, such as path loss, SINR, or received signal power and processing gain. These one or more values ​​may be based on factors such as transmit power. P t Transmit antenna gain G t Receiver antenna gain G r Noise energy E N or interference energy E IThese parameters are calculated (or estimated). It should be understood that known methods or techniques can be used to determine transmit power, transmit antenna gain, receive antenna gain, noise energy, interference energy, and one or more parameters or variables, which will not be repeated here.

[0099] For example, one or more parameters or variables to be measured may include beamforming gain, which refers to the increase in signal strength or quality achieved by using beamforming technology in an ISAC system. By using beamforming technology, communication between the sensing transmitter 230 and the sensing receiver 240 can be improved by focusing the signal in a specific direction. For example, the signal strength received by the sensing receiver 240 is typically measured in decibels (dB) and represents the improvement compared to a non-beamforming scenario.

[0100] In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may calculate (or determine or estimate) a first hybrid CSI based on one or more parameters or variables. The first hybrid CSI may include: a first CSI associated with NR communication, a second CSI associated with the sensing channel, and a third CSI associated with one or more interferences. For example, the one or more interferences may originate from one or more objects that do not need to be sensed. That is, the sensing receiver 240 may calculate (or determine or estimate) the first CSI, the second CSI, and the third CSI, which may be represented as H (e.g., including...). and ), G (for example, ) and I (e.g., ),in f Refers to frequency, It is associated with some noise terms.

[0101] In some examples, the sensing receiver 240 can also calculate (or determine or estimate) the SSNR based on the first hybrid CSI. For example, the sensing receiver 240 can use equation (1) to calculate (or determine or estimate) the SSNR: (1)

[0102] In some example implementations, SSNR can be expressed in decibels or dB. In equation (1), The power is the power of the incoming signal reflected from the moving target, which can be calculated (or determined or estimated) using equation (2): (2) In equation (1), The power of interference signals represents the power of static objects and the power of dynamic objects that do not need to be sensed in the ISAC system. 𝑁 represents a noise term, which can be constant or random. In equation (1), It is the power of the noise. and These are signals arriving via a static path and a moving object path, respectively. Note that both static path signals and moving object path signals can be used for communication. For example, the sensor receiver 240 can receive signals reflected from a stationary object via a static path and signals reflected from a moving object via a moving object path. In equation (1) Interference refers to interference from other moving (or dynamic) objects. For example, the sensing receiver 240 may sense multiple moving objects; however, among these multiple moving objects, there may only be one moving target, and other moving objects may interfere with the moving target.

[0103] Optionally, the sensing receiver 240 may generate second information regarding one or more methods used to determine the sensing result. For example, the second information may instruct the sensing receiver 240 to use a data collection method, a data processing method, and / or a data synchronization method to determine the sensing result.

[0104] In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may determine the sensing coverage area based on sensing results. In some example embodiments, the sensing receiver 240 may determine one or more metrics that will be used to determine the sensing coverage area. In this disclosure, the one or more metrics may be referred to as a measurement metric or performance indicator of the sensing coverage area. In some examples, the one or more metrics may be represented as one or more algorithms, such as one or more mathematical formulas.

[0105] In some implementations, one or more metrics may be associated with the criteria defined in equation (3) below: (3)

[0106] In equation (3), d T Indicates the distance between the sensing transmitter and the sensing target. d R This represents the distance between the sensing receiver and the sensing target. In equation (3), , P t Indicates transmission power. G t Indicates the transmit antenna gain. G r This indicates the receiving antenna gain. P LoSThis represents the signal power (static power) in free space, where the static path is the LOS path, which can be defined as... . P i The interference power (e.g., the signal power interfering with a signal reflected from a moving target), which is linearly proportional to the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects, can be defined as follows: γ、 λ and b It is a coefficient used to determine the sensing coverage area.

[0107] In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 may perform at least one evaluation process for evaluating the sensing results. In some example implementations, at least one evaluation process may include one or more of the following: evaluating and quantifying the uncertainty of the sensing results, identifying one or more sources of error in the sensing results, applying one or more statistical methods to the sensing results, comparing the sensing results with reference results, or verifying the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results.

[0108] In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 can perform uncertainty analysis on the sensing results.

[0109] In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 can assess and quantify the uncertainty of the sensing results. In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 can identify one or more sources of error in the sensing results, such as noise, bias, or environmental factors. In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 can apply one or more statistical methods (such as error propagation or confidence intervals) to estimate the measurement uncertainty of the sensing results. In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 can compare one or more acquired sensing results with a reference result (or reference measurement), for example, the reference measurement may be based on an established standard or theoretical model. In some example implementations, the sensing receiver 240 can verify the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results, for example, through cross-validation or independent validation.

[0110] It should be understood that the above describes some parameters, metrics, methods, and processes used by the sensing receiver 240 to determine the sensing coverage area; however, other parameters, metrics, methods, or processes may also be used to determine the sensing coverage area.

[0111] In some implementations, the sensing receiver 240 forms (or generates or determines) a first sensing coverage report. In some example implementations, the first sensing coverage report may be generated based on sensing operations performed by the sensing receiver 240.

[0112] In some implementations, the first sensing coverage report may directly indicate the sensing coverage area. In some example implementations, the first sensing coverage report may include information about the boundaries of the sensing coverage area determined by the sensing receiver 240. In some example implementations, the first sensing coverage report may also include information about how the sensing receiver 240 determines the sensing coverage area.

[0113] In some implementations, the first sensing coverage report may include sensing results. In some example implementations, the first sensing coverage report may include the SSNR determined based on equation (1). In some other example implementations, the first sensing coverage report may include a first hybrid CSI (first CSI, second CSI, and third CSI) that can be used to determine the SSNR. In some example embodiments, the first sensing coverage report may also include information about how the sensing coverage area is determined based on the sensing results.

[0114] In some examples, the first sensing coverage report may include first information about sensing results for one or more sensing targets, as described above. In some examples, the first sensing coverage report may include second information about one or more methods used to determine the sensing results, as described above. In some examples, the first sensing coverage report may include indications of one or more metrics used to determine the sensing coverage area; in some examples, it may also present some analytical techniques used to interpret the one or more metrics. In some examples, the first sensing coverage report may include third information about at least one of the evaluation processes described above.

[0115] In process 300, the sensing receiver 240 sends a first sensing coverage report to the device 210 at 340. Furthermore, at 350, the SeMF (e.g., the device 210 including the SeMF) determines whether the sensing coverage area should be adjusted (e.g., enhanced) based on the information included in the first sensing coverage report.

[0116] In some implementations, SeMF (e.g., device 210 including SeMF) can determine the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, determine whether a moving target is moving (has moved or will move) outside the sensing coverage area, and further determine whether the sensing coverage area will be adjusted. Figure 3 As shown, at 350, device 210 determines that the sensing coverage area needs to be adjusted, for example because the moving target is outside the sensing coverage area. For example, device 210 may determine that the sensing coverage area needs to be expanded.

[0117] In some example implementations, the first sensing coverage report can directly indicate the sensing coverage area, so that device 210 can know the sensing coverage area. In some example implementations, the first sensing coverage report may also include information on how the sensing coverage area was determined, so that the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) can know how to determine the sensing coverage area.

[0118] In some other example implementations, the first sensing coverage report may include sensing results such as SSNR and / or a first hybrid CSI. The SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) can determine the sensing coverage area based on the sensing results using one or more metrics for determining the sensing coverage area. For example, one or more metrics may be included in the first sensing coverage report. In another example, one or more metrics may be determined (or selected) by the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF). In this case, the computational resources of device 210 including the SeMF can be utilized more efficiently.

[0119] In some example implementations, the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) can determine the current location of the moving target based on a sensing service request and / or a first sensing coverage report. In some example implementations, the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) can also determine that the moving target is moving out of the sensing coverage area, for example, the moving target is approaching the boundary of the sensing coverage area and its direction of movement is pointing outwards from the sensing coverage area. In some example implementations, after determining that the moving target is moving out of the sensing coverage area, device 210 can also determine that the sensing coverage area needs to be adjusted.

[0120] In some example implementations, adjustments to the sensing coverage area can either expand (increase) or decrease (reduce) the sensing coverage area.

[0121] In some example implementations, the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) can determine a modulated value for sensing the static power. In some example implementations, the modulated value for sensing the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects within the sensing coverage area can be expressed as... P, which can be negative or positive and is defined in equation (3) above.

[0122] In some example implementations, the adjustment value can be a value used to change the multipath static power and can indicate the change in static power caused by multiple paths other than the LOS signal (e.g., walls, tables, chairs, and / or many other objects).

[0123] In process 300, the SeMF (e.g., device 210 including the SeMF) sends a sensed quiescent power regulation indication to STD 220 at 360. In some implementations, the sensed quiescent power regulation indication may be a quiescent power regulation indicator, which may include a regulation value. P.

[0124] In some implementations, the sensing static power adjustment indicator can be used to instruct STD 220 to adjust the static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects within the sensing coverage area, thereby adjusting the sensing coverage area. Furthermore, STD 220 makes adjustments at 370 based on the sensing static power adjustment indicator. In some implementations, STD 220 can perform one or more changes (or actions or operations) based on the sensing static power adjustment indicator to adjust the static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects within the sensing coverage area. For example, refer to... Figure 2 STD 220 can adjust or change the static power of the signal reflected by a stationary object 260. For ease of description, the term "static power" is used in the following context to refer to the static power of the signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area.

[0125] In some implementations, the offset of the static power of the signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area being regulated can be equal to the regulation value. P, and therefore the sensing coverage area can be expanded or reduced.

[0126] In some example implementations, the static power adjustment performed by the STD 220 may include an increase in the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area by an adjustment value. For example, the adjustment value... P>0, and the static power can be increased or raised to a higher value.

[0127] In some example implementations, the static power adjustment performed by the STD 220 may include the opposite value of the static power reduction adjustment value for signals reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area. For example, the adjustment value P<0, and the quiescent power can be reduced or decreased to a lower value.

[0128] In some example implementations, the static power conditioning performed by the STD 220 may include stabilizing the static power of signals reflected from one or more stationary objects within the sensing coverage area. For example, the conditioning value... P=0, and the static power can be kept at a constant value without any change.

[0129] In some examples, static power regulation performed by the STD 220 may include modulating static power in a layered, periodic, or specific pattern.

[0130] In some examples, static power regulation performed by the STD 220 may include reducing or disconnecting the STD 220's power supply to a specific load. For example, load savings may be maintained to balance overall power demand.

[0131] In some examples, static power conditioning performed by the STD 220 may include redistributing power loads among multiple sources associated with static power. For example, load balancing may be maintained.

[0132] In some examples, quiescent power regulation performed by the STD 220 may include imposing a maximum limit on quiescent power. For example, a power limit may be considered to prevent quiescent power from exceeding a certain threshold.

[0133] In some examples, static power regulation performed by the STD 220 may include applying a power ramp to the static power over a specific time period. For example, the static power may be gradually increased or decreased using a power ramp step size.

[0134] In process 300, STD 220 sends a sensed quiescent power regulation response to device 210 at 380. In some implementations, the sensed quiescent power regulation response may be a quiescent power regulation response, which may indicate that STD 220 has performed power regulation.

[0135] In some example implementations, the sensed static power regulation response can indicate the static power regulation performed by STD 220. Details of the static power regulation performed by STD 220 can be found in reference to those discussed above in step 370, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0136] Alternatively or concurrently, at point 392, device 210 may also send a coverage reassessment request to sensing receiver 240. In some examples, the coverage reassessment request may include the ID of the sensing session.

[0137] Therefore, the sensing receiver 240 can also perform sensing based on a coverage reassessment request. For example, the sensing receiver 240 can calculate (e.g., estimate) a second hybrid CSI at 394, perform at least one coverage assessment process, and generate a second sensing coverage report. The operation at 394 is similar to that at 334, and therefore will not be repeated here. However, since the static power is adjusted, the sensing coverage area is adjusted accordingly, and the second sensing coverage report may differ from the first sensing coverage report. For example, the second sensing coverage report may indicate a different sensing coverage area, or may include additional measurements (such as additional SSNR) used to determine the different sensing coverage area.

[0138] Alternatively, the sensing receiver 240 may send a second sensing coverage report to the device 210. Therefore, the device 210 may know or determine additional sensing coverage areas.

[0139] Alternatively or alternatively, such as Figure 3 As shown, at 398, device 210 can determine that the moving target is within the new coverage area. In some implementations, device 210 can determine that the moving target has moved to a different coverage area (such as being associated with another sensor transmitter and another sensor receiver), and then device 210 can determine to stop coverage adjustment. For example, the session with STD 220 (which in some cases can be considered a coverage enhancement session) can be terminated.

[0140] Figure 4 An example schematic diagram 400 illustrates sensing coverage area adjustment according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4 In the diagram, solid line 410 represents the sensing coverage area (i.e., the boundary of the sensing coverage area) associated with the first sensing coverage area report. For example, STD 220 does not manipulate static power.

[0141] In some examples, the sensing coverage area can be reduced (see...) Figure 4 (dashed line 422) or added (see dashed line 422) Figure 4 (dashed line 424 in the diagram). For example, STD 220 can manipulate the sensing static power to increase or decrease the sensing coverage area. For example, since multipath reflections from the surrounding environment are always present, the sensing coverage area in a multipath-rich environment can be increased or decreased by tuning STD 220.

[0142] According to the reference Figures 2 to 4 In one embodiment, the sensing coverage area can be dynamically adjusted. In this technical solution, the device (which may be an SF or SeMF) can send a sensing static power adjustment instruction to the STD, and therefore the STD can perform static power adjustment based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction to adjust the sensing coverage area.

[0143] It should be understood that the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure can be discussed in the context of any communication system, such as C5G+, 5GA, 6G, ISAC, Wi-Fi, etc., and the proposed technical solutions can be related to the Joint Communications and Sensing Working Group. This disclosure does not limit this aspect.

[0144] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating method 500 performed by SeMF according to some example embodiments of this disclosure is shown. For discussion purposes, methods deployed or hosted on... Figure 2 Method 500 is described by the angle of SeMF on the device 210 shown.

[0145] At block 510, the SeMF receives information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system from the sensing receiver of the sensing system of the communication system. This information includes at least an indication of sensing a specific signal-to-noise ratio or sensing coverage area. At block 520, based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, the SeMF determines whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted (e.g., enhanced) to sense a moving target. At block 530, if the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, the device sends a sensing static power adjustment instruction to the sensing conversion device, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction indicates to the sensing conversion device to adjust the static power of the signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0146] In some example embodiments, device 210 determines that the moving target is outside the sensing coverage area based on information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; and based on the determination that the moving target is outside the sensing coverage area, device 210 determines that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted (or expanded).

[0147] In some example embodiments, the device 210 sends a sensing session request to the sensing transmitter of the sensing system for establishing a sensing session for the sensing service. The sensing session request includes at least one of the following: an identifier for the sensing session, a sensing configuration for the sensing session, sensing assistance information for the sensing session, or QoS requirements for the sensing session.

[0148] In some example embodiments, device 210 receives a request from an application or client for a sensing service for sensing a moving target, the request including at least one of the following: an indication of the sensing service type for the sensing service, sensing assistance information, or a QoS requirement.

[0149] In some example embodiments, the sensing assistance information includes at least one of the following: location information of the moving target, initial moving speed of the moving target, initial moving direction of the moving target, ephemeris information for the moving target, region of interest for sensing the moving target, or information about the scene or environment for sensing the moving target.

[0150] In some example embodiments, QoS requirements include at least one of the following: first accuracy for the sensing coverage area, first resolution for the sensing coverage area, second accuracy for the speed of the moving target, second resolution for the speed of the moving target, third accuracy for the direction of movement of the moving target, third resolution for the direction of movement of the moving target, false alarm detection probability for the moving target, maximum sensing latency for the moving target, energy efficiency for the sensing service, or maximum number of targets being sensed simultaneously.

[0151] In some example embodiments, information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system includes at least one of the following: first information about sensing results of one or more sensing targets including a moving target, wherein the sensing results include at least a sensing-specific signal-to-noise ratio; second information about one or more methods for determining the sensing results of one or more sensing targets; one or more metrics for determining the sensing coverage area; or third information about at least one evaluation process for evaluating the sensing results.

[0152] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates at least one of the following: one or more identifiers of one or more sensing targets, sensing results for one or more sensing targets, one or more accuracies for one or more sensing targets, one or more precisions for one or more sensing targets, one or more reliability for one or more sensing targets, or at least one calibration operation for achieving one or more accuracies.

[0153] In some example embodiments, the sensing results are determined based on at least one of the following: SINR, RSRP, RSSI, path loss value, processing gain, or beamforming gain.

[0154] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates at least one of the following: a data collection method for collecting sensing data, a data processing method for processing sensing data to determine sensing results, or a data synchronization method for maintaining synchronization and meeting QoS requirements.

[0155] In some example embodiments, one or more metrics include indications of one or more algorithms for determining the sensing coverage area, and one or more algorithms are constructed based on sensing results indicated by the first information.

[0156] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates at least one evaluation process, which may include at least one of the following: evaluating and quantifying the uncertainty of the sensing results, identifying one or more sources of error in the sensing results, applying one or more statistical methods to the sensing results, comparing the sensing results with reference results, or verifying the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results.

[0157] In some example embodiments, the sensing static power adjustment indication includes an adjustment value for adjusting the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects.

[0158] In some example embodiments, device 210 sends a coverage reassessment request to the sensing receiver for determining additional sensing coverage areas of the sensing system; and device 210 receives additional information from the sensing receiver regarding the additional sensing coverage areas.

[0159] In some example embodiments, device 210 receives feedback from a sensing conversion device indicating that the static power has been adjusted.

[0160] In some example embodiments, the sensing switching device is one of the following: an access point, a repeater, a reconfigurable smart surface, or a sensing specific power tuning device.

[0161] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method 600 performed by a sensing conversion device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Reference will be made to this flowchart for discussion purposes. Figure 2 Method 600 is described from the perspective of STD 220.

[0162] At block 610, STD 220 receives a sensing static power adjustment instruction from a device including sensing management functionality to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects. At block 620, STD 220 performs static power adjustment based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0163] In some example embodiments, STD 220 sends a signal (or indication) to the device indicating that the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects has been adjusted.

[0164] In some example embodiments, the sensing static power adjustment indication includes an adjustment value for adjusting the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects.

[0165] In some example embodiments, STD 220 performs at least one of the following: increasing the static power by a regulation value, decreasing the static power by the opposite value, stabilizing the static power, modulating the static power in a layered, periodic or specific pattern, disconnecting the power supply of the sensing conversion device from the load, redistributing the power load among multiple sources associated with the static power, imposing a maximum limit on the static power, or applying a power ramp to the static power for a specific time period.

[0166] In some example embodiments, STD 220 is one of the following: an access point, a repeater, a reconfigurable smart surface, or a sensing-specific power tuning device.

[0167] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a method 700 performed by a sensing receiver according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Reference will be made to this flowchart for discussion purposes. Figure 2 Method 700 is described from the perspective of the sensing receiver 240.

[0168] At block 710, the sensing receiver 240 receives a DFRC waveform from the sensing transmitter. At block 720, the sensing receiver 240 processes the DFRC waveform to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system. At block 730, the sensing receiver 240 transmits the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system to a device including sensing management functions, the information including at least an indication of a specific signal-to-noise ratio or sensing coverage area.

[0169] In some example embodiments, the sensing receiver 240 determines one or more parameters or variables for one or more sensing targets by processing DFRC waveforms; the sensing receiver 240 calculates (e.g., estimates) a first channel state information (CSI) associated with NR communication, a second CSI associated with a sensing channel, and a third CSI associated with one or more interferences to the sensing of a moving target based on one or more parameters or variables; and the sensing receiver 240 determines a sensing result based on the first CSI, the second CSI, and the third CSI, wherein the sensing result includes sensing a specific signal-to-noise ratio.

[0170] In some example embodiments, the sensing receiver 240 determines the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system based on the sensing results using one or more metrics.

[0171] In some example embodiments, information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system includes at least one of the following: first information about sensing results of one or more sensing targets including a moving target, wherein the sensing results include at least a sensing-specific signal-to-noise ratio; second information about one or more methods for determining the sensing results of one or more sensing targets; one or more metrics for determining the sensing coverage area; or third information about at least one evaluation process for evaluating the sensing results.

[0172] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates at least one of the following: one or more identifiers of one or more sensing targets, sensing results for one or more sensing targets, one or more accuracies for one or more sensing targets, one or more precisions for one or more sensing targets, one or more reliability for one or more sensing targets, or at least one calibration operation for achieving one or more accuracies.

[0173] In some example embodiments, the sensing results are determined based on at least one of the following: SINR, RSRP, RSSI, path loss value, processing gain, or beamforming gain.

[0174] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates at least one of the following: a data collection method for collecting sensing data, a data processing method for processing sensing data to determine sensing results, or a data synchronization method for maintaining synchronization and meeting QoS requirements.

[0175] In some example embodiments, one or more metrics include indications of one or more algorithms for determining the sensing coverage area, and one or more algorithms are constructed based on sensing results indicated by the first information.

[0176] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates at least one evaluation process, which includes at least one of the following: evaluating and quantifying the uncertainty of the sensing results, identifying one or more sources of error in the sensing results, applying one or more statistical methods to the sensing results, comparing the sensing results with reference results, or verifying the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results.

[0177] In some example embodiments, the sensing receiver 240 receives from the device a coverage reassessment request for determining additional sensing coverage areas of the sensing system; based on the coverage reassessment request, the sensing receiver 240 performs resensing for at least one sensing target to determine additional information about the additional sensing coverage areas; and the sensing receiver 240 sends the additional information about the additional sensing coverage areas to the device.

[0178] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing method 500 (e.g., apparatus 210) may include components for performing corresponding steps of method 500. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0179] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for receiving information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system from a sensing receiver of the sensing system of the communication system, the information including at least an indication of sensing a specific signal-to-noise ratio or sensing coverage area; components for determining, based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted to sense a moving target; and components for sending a sensing static power adjustment indication to a sensing conversion device based on the determination that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, wherein the sensing static power adjustment indication indicates to the sensing conversion device that the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area is adjusted to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0180] In some example embodiments, the components for determining that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted include: components for determining that a moving target is outside the sensing coverage area based on information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; and components for determining that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted or expanded based on the determination that a moving target is outside the sensing coverage area.

[0181] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further includes: a component for sending a sensing session request to a sensing transmitter of the sensing system for establishing a sensing session for a sensing service, the sensing session request including at least one of the following: an identifier for the sensing session, sensing configuration for the sensing session, sensing assistance information for the sensing session, or QoS requirements for the sensing session.

[0182] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further includes a component for receiving a request from an application or client for a sensing service for a sensing moving target, the request including at least one of the following: an indication of a sensing service type for the sensing service, sensing assistance information for a sensing session, or a QoS requirement for the sensing session.

[0183] In some example embodiments, the sensing assistance information of the sensing session includes at least one of the following: location information of the moving target, initial moving speed of the moving target, initial moving direction of the moving target, ephemeris information for the moving target, area for sensing the moving target, or information about the scene or environment for sensing the moving target.

[0184] In some example embodiments, QoS requirements include at least one of the following: a first accuracy for the sensing coverage area, a first resolution for the sensing coverage area, a second accuracy for the speed of the moving target, a second resolution for the speed of the moving target, a third accuracy for the direction of movement of the moving target, a third resolution for the direction of movement of the moving target, a false alarm detection probability for the moving target, a maximum sensing latency for the moving target, an energy efficiency for the sensing service, or a maximum number of targets being sensed simultaneously.

[0185] In some example embodiments, information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system includes at least one of the following: first information about sensing results of one or more sensing targets including a moving target, wherein the sensing results include at least a sensing-specific signal-to-noise ratio; second information about one or more methods for determining the sensing results of one or more sensing targets; one or more metrics for determining the sensing coverage area; or third information about at least one evaluation process for evaluating the sensing results.

[0186] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates at least one of the following: one or more identifiers of one or more sensing targets, sensing results for one or more sensing targets, one or more accuracies for one or more sensing targets, one or more precisions for one or more sensing targets, one or more reliability for one or more sensing targets, or at least one calibration operation for achieving one or more accuracies.

[0187] In some example embodiments, the sensing results are determined based on at least one of the following: SINR, RSRP, RSSI, path loss value, processing gain, or beamforming gain.

[0188] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates at least one of the following: a data collection method for collecting sensing data, a data processing method for processing sensing data to determine sensing results, or a data synchronization method for maintaining synchronization and meeting QoS requirements.

[0189] In some example embodiments, one or more metrics include indications of one or more algorithms for determining the sensing coverage area, and one or more algorithms are constructed based on sensing results indicated by the first information.

[0190] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates at least one evaluation process, which may include at least one of the following: evaluating and quantifying the uncertainty of the sensing results, identifying one or more sources of error in the sensing results, applying one or more statistical methods to the sensing results, comparing the sensing results with reference results, or verifying the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results.

[0191] In some example embodiments, the sensing static power adjustment indication includes an adjustment value for adjusting the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects.

[0192] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for sending a coverage reassessment request to a sensing receiver for determining additional sensing coverage areas of the sensing system; and components for receiving additional information from the sensing receiver regarding the additional sensing coverage areas.

[0193] In some example embodiments, the device includes a component for receiving feedback from a sensing conversion device indicating that the static power has been adjusted.

[0194] In some example embodiments, the sensing switching device is one of the following: an access point, a repeater, a reconfigurable smart surface, or a sensing specific power tuning device.

[0195] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing method 600 (e.g., STD 220) may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 600. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0196] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: a component for receiving a sensing static power adjustment instruction from a further component including sensing management functionality, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction indicates to the sensing conversion device to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects; and a component for performing static power adjustment based on the sensing static power adjustment instruction to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

[0197] In some example embodiments, the device includes a component for sending feedback (or a message or indication) to another device, the feedback indicating that the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area has been adjusted.

[0198] In some example embodiments, the sensing static power adjustment indication includes an adjustment value for adjusting the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects.

[0199] In some example embodiments, the components for performing static power regulation include at least one of the following: components for increasing the static power by a regulation value, components for decreasing the static power by the opposite value, components for stabilizing the static power, components for modulating the static power in a tiered, periodic, or specific pattern, components for reducing or disconnecting the power supply of the sensing conversion device to a specific load, components for redistributing the power load among multiple sources associated with the static power, components for imposing a maximum limit on the static power, or components for applying a power ramp to the static power over a specific time period.

[0200] In some example embodiments, the device is one of the following: an access point, a repeater, a reconfigurable smart surface, or a sensing power tuning device.

[0201] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing method 700 (e.g., sensing receiver 240) may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 700. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0202] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for receiving a DFRC waveform from a sensing transmitter; components for processing the DFRC waveform to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; and components for transmitting information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system to a means including sensing management functions, the information including at least an indication of sensing a specific signal-to-noise ratio or sensing coverage area.

[0203] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for determining one or more parameters or variables for sensing a particular one or more sensing targets; components for calculating (or estimating) a first CSI associated with NR communication, a second CSI associated with a sensing channel, and a third CSI associated with one or more interferences based on the one or more parameters or variables; and components for determining a sensing result based on the first CSI, the second CSI, and the third CSI, wherein the sensing result includes sensing a particular signal-to-noise ratio.

[0204] In some example embodiments, the device includes a component for determining the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system based on sensing results using one or more metrics.

[0205] In some example embodiments, information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system includes at least one of the following: first information about sensing results of one or more sensing targets including a moving target, wherein the sensing results include at least a sensing-specific signal-to-noise ratio; second information about one or more methods for determining the sensing results of one or more sensing targets; one or more metrics for determining the sensing coverage area; or third information about at least one evaluation process for evaluating the sensing results.

[0206] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates at least one of the following: one or more identifiers of one or more sensing targets, sensing results for one or more sensing targets, one or more accuracies for one or more sensing targets, one or more precisions for one or more sensing targets, one or more reliability for one or more sensing targets, or at least one calibration operation for achieving one or more accuracies.

[0207] In some example embodiments, the sensing results are determined based on at least one of the following: SINR, RSRP, RSSI, path loss value, processing gain, or beamforming gain.

[0208] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates at least one of the following: a data collection method for collecting sensing data, a data processing method for processing sensing data to determine sensing results, or a data synchronization method for maintaining synchronization and meeting QoS requirements.

[0209] In some example embodiments, one or more metrics include indications of one or more algorithms for determining the sensing coverage area, and one or more algorithms are constructed based on sensing results indicated by the first information.

[0210] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates at least one evaluation process, which includes at least one of the following: evaluating and quantifying the uncertainty of the sensing results, identifying one or more sources of error in the sensing results, applying one or more statistical methods to the sensing results, comparing the sensing results with reference results, or verifying the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results.

[0211] In some example embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for receiving from the apparatus a coverage reassessment request for determining additional sensing coverage areas of the sensing system; components for performing resensing on at least one sensing target based on the coverage reassessment request to determine additional information about the additional sensing coverage areas; and components for sending additional information about the additional sensing coverage areas to the apparatus.

[0212] Figure 8A simplified block diagram of a device 800 suitable for implementing some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. The device 800 may be provided to implement, for example... Figure 2 The STD 220, sensing transmitter 230, and / or sensing receiver 240 (e.g., UE or STA) are shown. As shown, the device 800 includes one or more processors 810, one or more memories 820 coupled to the processors 810, and one or more communication modules 840 coupled to the processors 810.

[0213] Communication module 840 is used for bidirectional communication. Communication module 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface can represent any interface required for communication with other network elements.

[0214] Figure 9 A simplified block diagram of an apparatus 900 suitable for implementing some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. The apparatus 900 can be provided to implement, for example... Figure 2 The illustrated device 210 (including the SeMF) is shown. As shown, device 900 includes one or more processors 910 and one or more memories 920 coupled to the processors 910. For example, device 900 can be a computing system, which can be a standalone, distributed, or cloud computing system. For example, the one or more memories 920 can store software code for the SeMF (and possibly other NFs in the core network of an ISAC system).

[0215] Processors 810 / 910 can be of any type suitable for a local technology network, and by way of non-limiting example, can include one or more of the following: general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), and processors based on multi-core processor architectures. Device 800 / Apparatus 900 can have multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit chips that are time-dependent on a clock synchronized with the main processor.

[0216] The memory 820 / 920 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) 824 / 924, electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, compact disc (CD), digital video disk (DVD), and other magnetic and / or optical storage. Examples of volatile memories include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) 822 / 922 and other volatile memories that do not persist during power outages.

[0217] Computer program 830 / 930 includes computer-executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 810 / 910. Program 830 / 930 can be stored in ROM 824 / 924. Processor 810 / 910 can perform any suitable actions and processes by loading program 830 / 930 into RAM 822 / 922.

[0218] Embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented via program 830 / 930, enabling device 800 / apparatus 900 to execute the reference. Figures 3 to 7 Any process discussed in this disclosure. Embodiments of this disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0219] In some example embodiments, program 830 / 930 may be tangibly contained in a computer-readable medium, which may be included in device 800 / apparatus 900 (such as memory 820 / 920) or other storage device accessible to device 800 / apparatus 900. Device 800 / apparatus 900 may load program 830 / 930 from the computer-readable medium into RAM 822 / 922 for execution. The computer-readable medium may include any type of tangible non-volatile memory, such as ROM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.

[0220] Figure 10 A block diagram illustrating an example of a computer-readable medium 1000 according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Program 830 / 930 is stored on the computer-readable medium 1000. It should be noted that although the computer-readable medium 1000... Figure 10 It is depicted in the form of a CD or DVD, but the computer-readable medium 1000 may be any other form suitable for carrying or storing the program 830 / 930.

[0221] Generally, the various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented using hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented using hardware, while others can be implemented using firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0222] This disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as instructions included in a program module, which execute in a device on a target real or virtual processor to perform the above-mentioned... Figures 3 to 7 Any of the methods described herein. Typically, a program module includes routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. In various embodiments, the functionality of a program module can be combined or split among program modules as needed. The machine-executable instructions of a program module can execute on a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, a program module can reside on both local and remote storage media.

[0223] The program code of the methods disclosed herein can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The program code can be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0224] In the context of this disclosure, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, etc.

[0225] Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media will include electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer floppy disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term "non-transient" as used herein is a limitation on the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not signaling), not a limitation on the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM and ROM).

[0226] Furthermore, although operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring the operations to be performed in the specific order shown or sequentially, or to perform all of the shown operations to obtain the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, while several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0227] Although this disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for a communication system, the apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions for a sensing management function, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform at least the following: The communication system receives information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system from its sensing receiver, the information including at least a sensing specific signal-to-noise ratio or an indication of the sensing coverage area. Based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, it is determined whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted to sense a moving target; as well as Based on the determination that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, a sensing static power adjustment instruction is sent to the sensing conversion device, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction instructs the sensing conversion device to adjust the static power of the signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area in order to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein determining the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system by adjusting includes: Based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, it is determined that the moving target is outside the sensing coverage area; as well as Based on the determination that the moving target is outside the sensing coverage area, it is determined that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be expanded.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform: Send a sensing session request to the sensing transmitter of the sensing system to establish a sensing session for the sensing service, the sensing session request including at least one of the following: The identifier of the sensing session, Sensing configuration for the sensing session Sensing assistance information used in the sensing session, or Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for the sensing session.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform: Receive a request from an application or client for the sensing service that senses the moving target, the request including at least one of the following: Indication of the sensing service type for the aforementioned sensing service. The sensing assistance information, or The QoS requirements.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the sensing assistance information includes at least one of the following: The location of the moving target The initial moving speed of the moving target, The initial direction of movement of the moving target, Ephemeris information used for the moving target Used to sense the region of interest of the moving target, or Information about the scene or environment used to sense the moving target.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 or 4, wherein the QoS requirements of the sensing session include at least one of the following: Regarding the first accuracy of the sensing coverage area, For the first resolution of the sensing coverage area, The second accuracy regarding the speed of the moving target, A second resolution for the velocity of the moving target. Regarding the third accuracy of the moving target's direction of movement, The third resolution for the direction of movement of the moving target. The false alarm rate detection probability for the moving target. Maximum sensing delay for the moving target, Regarding the energy efficiency of the sensing service, or The maximum number of targets that can be sensed simultaneously.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the information regarding the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system includes at least one of the following: First information regarding sensing results for one or more sensing targets, including the moving target, wherein the sensing results include at least the sensing-specific signal-to-noise ratio. Second information regarding one or more methods used to determine the sensing results of the one or more sensing targets. One or more metrics used to determine the sensing coverage area, or Third information regarding at least one evaluation process used to assess the sensing results.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first information indicates at least one of the following: One or more identifiers of the one or more sensing targets, The sensing results for the one or more sensing targets, Regarding one or more accuracies for the one or more sensing targets, For one or more precisions of the one or more sensing targets, For one or more of the aforementioned sensing targets, or At least one calibration operation for achieving the accuracy of the one or more said accuracies.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the sensing result is determined based on at least one of the following: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indication (RSSI), path loss value, processing gain, or beamforming gain.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the second information indicates at least one of the following: Data collection methods for collecting sensor data A data processing method for processing the sensing data to determine the sensing result, or A data synchronization method for maintaining synchronization and meeting the QoS requirements for the sensing session.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the one or more metrics include an indication of one or more algorithms for determining the sensing coverage area, and wherein the one or more algorithms are constructed based on the sensing results indicated by the first information.

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the third information indicates the at least one evaluation process, the at least one evaluation process comprising at least one of the following: Assess and quantify the uncertainty of the sensing results. Identify one or more sources of error in the sensing results. One or more statistical methods are applied to the sensing results. Compare the sensing results with the reference results, or Verify the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results.

13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the sensing static power regulation indication comprises: The adjustment value is used to adjust the static power of the signal reflected from the one or more stationary objects.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform: Send a coverage reassessment request to the sensing receiver to determine additional sensing coverage areas of the sensing system; and Receive additional information about the additional sensing coverage area from the sensing receiver.

15. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform: The sensor receives feedback indicating that the static power has been adjusted.

16. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the sensing switching device is one of the following: an access point, a repeater, a reconfigurable smart surface, or a sensing specific power tuning device.

17. A sensing conversion device, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing conversion device to perform at least the following: The sensing static power adjustment instruction is received from a device including a sensing management function, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction instructs the sensing conversion device to adjust the static power of the signal reflected from one or more stationary objects; as well as In response to the sensing static power adjustment instruction, the static power of the signal reflected from the one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is adjusted to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

18. The sensing conversion device of claim 17, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the sensing conversion device to perform: An indication that the static power of the signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area has been adjusted is sent to the device.

19. The sensing conversion device according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the sensing conversion device to perform: receiving an adjustment value for adjusting the static power of a signal reflected from the one or more stationary objects.

20. The sensing conversion device of claim 19, wherein the adjustment includes at least one of the following: Increase the static power by the adjustment value. Reduce the static power by the opposite value of the adjustment value. Stabilize the static power. The static power can be modulated in layers, periodically, or in a specific pattern. Reduce or disconnect the power supply to the sensing conversion device for a specific load. The power load is redistributed among the multiple sources associated with the static power. A maximum limit is imposed on the static power, or A power ramp is applied to the static power within a specific time period.

21. The sensing switching device according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the sensing switching device is one of the following: an access point, a repeater, a reconfigurable smart surface, or a sensing-specific power tuning device.

22. A sensing receiver for a sensing system in a communication system, the sensing receiver comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing receiver to perform at least the following: Receive dual-function radar communication (DFRC) waveforms from the sensor transmitter; The DFRC waveform is processed to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; as well as The information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is sent to a device including a sensing management function, the information including at least a sensing specific signal-to-noise ratio or an indication of the sensing coverage area.

23. The sensing receiver of claim 22, wherein performing sensing comprises: One or more parameters or variables for the one or more sensing targets are determined by processing the DFRC waveform; Based on the one or more parameters or variables, calculate a first channel state information (CSI) associated with new radio (NR) communication, a second CSI associated with the sensing channel, and a third CSI associated with one or more interferences sensed against a moving target; as well as Based on the first CSI, the second CSI, and the third CSI, a sensing result is determined, wherein the sensing result includes the sensing-specific signal-to-noise ratio.

24. The sensing receiver of claim 23, wherein performing the sensing further comprises: The sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is determined based on the sensing results using one or more metrics.

25. The sensing receiver according to any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the information regarding the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system includes at least one of the following: First information regarding the sensing results of the one or more sensing targets, including a moving target, wherein the sensing results include at least the sensing-specific signal-to-noise ratio. Second information regarding one or more methods used to determine the sensing results of the one or more sensing targets. One or more metrics used to determine the sensing coverage area, or Third information regarding at least one evaluation process used to assess the sensing results.

26. The sensing receiver of claim 25, wherein the first information indicates at least one of the following: One or more identifiers of the one or more sensing targets, The sensing results for the one or more sensing targets, Regarding one or more accuracies for the one or more sensing targets, For one or more precisions of the one or more sensing targets, For one or more of the aforementioned sensing targets, or At least one calibration operation for achieving the accuracy of the one or more said accuracies.

27. The sensing receiver of claim 25 or 26, wherein the sensing result is determined based on at least one of the following: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indication (RSSI), path loss value, processing gain, or beamforming gain.

28. The sensing receiver according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the second information indicates at least one of the following: Data collection methods for collecting sensor data A data processing method for processing the sensing data to determine the sensing result, or A data synchronization method used to maintain synchronization and meet QoS requirements.

29. The sensing receiver of any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein the one or more metrics include an indication of one or more algorithms for determining the sensing coverage area, and wherein the one or more algorithms are constructed based on the sensing results indicated by the first information.

30. The sensing receiver according to any one of claims 25 to 29, wherein the third information indicates the at least one evaluation process, the at least one evaluation process comprising at least one of the following: Assess and quantify the uncertainty of the sensing results. Identify one or more sources of error in the sensing results. One or more statistical methods are applied to the sensing results. Compare the sensing results with the reference results, or Verify the accuracy and reliability of the sensing results.

31. The sensing receiver according to any one of claims 22 to 30, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the sensing receiver to perform: Receive from the device a coverage reassessment request for determining additional sensing coverage areas of the sensing system; Based on the coverage reassessment request, resenting is performed for at least one sensing target to determine additional information about the additional sensing coverage area; as well as Send the additional information about the additional sensing coverage area to the device.

32. A method comprising: At a device including a sensing management function, information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is received from a sensing receiver of the sensing system of a communication system, the information including at least a sensing specific signal-to-noise ratio or an indication of the sensing coverage area; Based on the information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system, it is determined whether the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted to sense a moving target; as well as Based on the determination that the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system will be adjusted, a sensing static power adjustment instruction is sent to the sensing conversion device, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction instructs the sensing conversion device to adjust the static power of the signal reflected from one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area in order to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

33. A method comprising: At the sensing conversion device, a sensing static power adjustment instruction is received from a device including a sensing management function, wherein the sensing static power adjustment instruction instructs the sensing conversion device to adjust the static power of a signal reflected from one or more stationary objects; as well as In response to the sensing static power adjustment instruction, the static power of the signal reflected from the one or more stationary objects in the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is adjusted to adjust the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system.

34. A method comprising: At the sensing receiver, dual-function radar communication (DFRC) waveforms are received from the sensing transmitter; The DFRC waveform is processed to sense one or more sensing targets to generate information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system; as well as The information about the sensing coverage area of ​​the sensing system is sent to a device including a sensing management function, the information including at least a sensing specific signal-to-noise ratio or an indication of the sensing coverage area.

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