Low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of magnesium alloy material technology, specifically a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy and its preparation method. The alloy contains the following mass percentages: Zn 3%–8%, RE 1%–6%, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities. During preparation, rapid solidification powder metallurgy technology is used to achieve significant solid solution strengthening, grain refinement strengthening, and dispersion strengthening effects, improving and optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy from multiple aspects. The deformed Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy designed in this invention exhibits excellent mechanical properties (yield strength ≥ 300 MPa) and damping performance significantly exceeding the high-damping performance requirements (damping value ≥ 0.01).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of magnesium alloy materials technology, specifically low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of society and industry, vibration and noise have become one of the three major public hazards; therefore, vibration reduction and noise reduction, and improving the working environment for humans and machines have become very serious issues. The development and application of high-damping alloy materials is one of the effective measures to achieve vibration and noise reduction. Among all metallic structural materials, magnesium and magnesium alloys have attracted much attention due to their excellent damping performance, as well as their low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good thermal and electrical conductivity, excellent electromagnetic shielding ability, abundant resources, and green environmental protection and recyclability. However, current research shows that the mechanical properties of high-damping magnesium alloys are relatively poor, making it difficult to meet the application requirements of structural materials. Therefore, the development of high-strength damping magnesium alloys has become an important direction in damping material research.

[0003] The damping mechanism of magnesium and its alloys belongs to the dislocation damping mechanism. Currently, the main methods for strengthening and toughening magnesium alloys are alloying and plastic deformation. Alloying can introduce solid solution atoms or a second phase into the magnesium alloy, thereby changing the density and distribution of dislocations or point defects. It has been reported that binary cast magnesium alloys with added Zr, La, Mn, Ce, etc., exhibit excellent damping performance, but their mechanical properties cannot meet the requirements of the aforementioned fields. Plastic deformation such as equal-diameter angular extrusion, rolling, and forging inevitably leads to the entanglement or enrichment of dislocations and grain boundaries, thus reducing their damping performance. Currently, the published patent CN 106222507 A discloses a Mg-Ce-Zn ternary alloy with a relatively low content of added elements. Through a coupling technology of extrusion deformation and heat treatment, it achieves a balance and optimization of mechanical and damping properties. Its tensile strength and yield strength are 216 MPa and 201 MPa, respectively, and its damping performance Q... -1 The damping strength is 0.11, which, although indicating high damping performance, is far from sufficient for practical applications. Therefore, it cannot be considered a high-strength, high-damping magnesium alloy and fails to achieve the expected results. Furthermore, the manufacturing process is complex. Patent CN 114134380 A discloses a high-strength, high-damping Mg-Gd-Ni magnesium alloy and its preparation method, with tensile strength and yield strength of 422 MPa and 295 MPa respectively, and damping performance Q... -1 The value is 0.027, but its alloy element content is extremely high, ≥19%, and the price of Gd is particularly high. Considering the huge cost of its raw materials, it is no longer suitable for the mass production and application of magnesium alloys.

[0004] Therefore, we also need to consider developing a low-cost, high-strength, and high-damping magnesium alloy, starting with magnesium alloys, which have relatively inexpensive alloying elements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy and its preparation method, thus solving the problem of limited application of high-damping magnesium alloys due to their low mechanical properties and high cost. In this method, rapid solidification powder metallurgy technology and deformation processing are used to achieve a balance and optimization of the damping and mechanical properties of the Mg-Zn-RE alloy. The designed deformed Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties (yield strength ≥ 300 MPa) while its damping performance significantly exceeds the requirements for high-damping alloys (damping value ≥ 0.01).

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, wherein the mass percentages of each component are: Zn 3%~8% (specifically 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, etc.), RE 1%~6% (specifically 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, etc.), and the balance is magnesium and unavoidable impurities, with the total mass percentage content being 100%.

[0007] Furthermore, in the aforementioned low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, RE refers to at least one of the light rare earth elements La and Ce.

[0008] Furthermore, in the aforementioned low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, the mass percentages of each component are: Zn 4%~6%, RE 3%~5%, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities, the total impurity content being ≤0.05%, and the sum of the total mass percentages being 100%.

[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, rapid solidification powder metallurgy and deformation processing steps are employed to achieve a balanced optimization of the damping and mechanical properties of the Mg-Zn-RE alloy.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the preparation method of the low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy described above includes the following steps: 1) Drying and preheating: Weigh the raw materials of each component according to the proportion, and place the industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc and Mg-RE master alloy in the drying oven for drying and preheating; 2) Melting and casting: The raw materials dried and preheated in step 1) are melted in a resistance melting furnace to obtain magnesium alloy melt; after the raw materials are completely melted, the temperature is lowered and the magnesium alloy melt is stirred thoroughly. After stirring, the melt is kept at a constant temperature, the slag on the surface of the melt is removed, and finally the melt is cast to obtain Mg-Zn-RE alloy ingot. 3) Rapid solidification preparation of alloy strip: The Mg-Zn-RE alloy ingot obtained in step 2) is melted, kept at a certain temperature, and then spun into strip to prepare Mg-Zn-RE alloy rapid solidification alloy strip. 4) Crushing and powdering, billet preparation: The Mg-Zn-RE alloy rapidly solidified alloy strip prepared in step 3) is crushed by a strip cutting machine to obtain alloy particles, and then the particles are pre-pressed to obtain pre-pressed alloy billets. 5) Deformation processing: The pre-pressed alloy billet obtained in step 4) is subjected to deformation processing to obtain the desired low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy rods or plates.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this application, in step 1) of the method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, the drying temperature is 200-250℃ (specifically, it can be 200℃, 210℃, 220℃, 230℃, 240℃, 250℃, etc.).

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this application, in step 2) of the method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, the melting temperature is 720~760℃ (specifically, 720℃, 730℃, 740℃, 750℃, 760℃, etc.); the temperature is lowered to 700~720℃ (specifically, 700℃, 705℃, 710℃, 715℃, 720℃, etc.) for stirring; the stirring temperature is lower than the melting temperature; the stirring time is 1~2 minutes; the standing and holding time is 5~15 minutes (specifically, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, etc.); the mold temperature during casting is 200~250℃ (specifically, 200℃, 210℃, 220℃, 230℃, 240℃, 250℃, etc.).

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this application, in step 3) of the method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, the Mg-Zn-RE alloy ingot is melted at a temperature of 720~760℃ (specifically, 720℃, 730℃, 740℃, 750℃, 760℃, etc.), and the holding time is 3~5min (specifically, 3min, 4min, 5min, etc.).

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of this application, CO2 protective gas needs to be introduced in steps 2) and 3) of the method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, and high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of this application, in step 4) of the method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, the particle size of the alloy particles is 100-3000 μm (specifically, it can be 100 μm, 500 μm, 1000 μm, 1500 μm, 2000 μm, 2500 μm, 3000 μm, etc.).

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of this application, in step 5) of the method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, the extrusion temperature during deformation processing is 320-370℃ (specifically, it can be 320℃, 330℃, 340℃, 350℃, 360℃, 370℃, etc.), the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion rate is 10-20m / min (specifically, it can be 10m / min, 12m / min, 14m / min, 16m / min, 18m / min, 20m / min, etc.).

[0017] This invention also protects a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy prepared by any of the methods described above.

[0018] Furthermore, when testing with standard low-cost, high-damping, high-strength Mg-Zn-RE alloy samples, the yield strength was ≥300 MPa and the damping value was ≥0.01.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy in this application is prepared by rapid solidification powder metallurgy technology, which produces obvious solid solution strengthening, fine grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects, thereby improving and optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy from multiple aspects.

[0020] (2) In this application, by using rapid solidification powder metallurgy technology and extrusion deformation to form a uniformly distributed fine second phase in the magnesium alloy matrix, the dislocation damping mechanism of the alloy system can be effectively activated, while avoiding the accumulation and entanglement of dislocations during the activation process. Therefore, the dislocation damping effect of the designed magnesium alloy can be significantly improved, thereby effectively improving the damping characteristics of the designed magnesium alloy.

[0021] (3) The deformed Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties (yield strength ≥300 MPa) and damping performance that is significantly higher than the high damping performance requirement (damping value ≥0.01). In addition, the raw materials are relatively inexpensive, the preparation process is simple, it is highly portable, easy to operate, easy to realize, and easy to industrialize. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the damping performance of the magnesium alloys prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] A low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy, wherein the mass percentages of each component are: Zn 3%–8%, RE 1%–6%, and the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities.

[0024] Furthermore, by mass percentage, the content of each component is: Zn 4%~6%, RE 3%~5%, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities, and the total impurity content ≤0.05%.

[0025] Furthermore, by mass percentage, the content of each component is: Zn 4%, RE 5%, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities, and the total impurity content ≤0.05%.

[0026] Furthermore, by mass percentage, the content of each component is: Zn 6%, RE 3%, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities, and the total impurity content ≤0.05%.

[0027] The above-described method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy achieves a balance and optimization of the damping and mechanical properties of the Mg-Zn-RE alloy through rapid solidification powder metallurgy technology and deformation processing; specifically, it includes the following steps: Mix the industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, and Mg-RE master alloy according to the mass percentage, and place them in an oven at 200-250℃ for drying and preheating; The alloy is smelted in a resistance melting furnace with CO2 protective gas introduced. The temperature is maintained at 720-760℃ while stirring to ensure complete melting of the raw materials. After complete melting, the temperature is lowered to 700-720℃, and the magnesium alloy melt is stirred thoroughly for 1-2 minutes. After stirring, the melt is allowed to stand for 5-15 minutes, then the surface slag is removed, and finally, it is cast to obtain a Mg-Zn-RE alloy ingot. Zn is added in the form of pure zinc, and RE is added as a Mg-30wt%RE master alloy. The casting mold temperature is 200-250℃.

[0028] Preparation of alloy strip using rapid solidification technology: The above alloy ingot is melted at 720~760℃ and held for 3~5 minutes, then Mg-Zn-RE alloy rapidly solidified alloy strip is prepared by spinning, during which CO2 protective gas is introduced.

[0029] Crushing and grinding: The above alloy strip is crushed by a strip cutting machine to prepare alloy particles of 100-3000 μm.

[0030] Ingot preparation: The above alloy powder is pre-pressed into alloy ingots.

[0031] Deformation processing: Alloy billets are then extruded to obtain bars or plates.

[0032] Preferably, the extrusion temperature during deformation processing is 320-370℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 10-20m / min.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0035] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to this application. As used herein, the singular form includes the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this description, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0036] In this invention, some conventional operating equipment, devices and components have been omitted or only briefly described.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified in the examples, the conditions shall be performed according to the standard conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0038] In this application, any percentage not marked indicates its weight percentage content.

[0039] Example 1: A low-cost, high-strength, and high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy is described. In this embodiment, the alloy selected is a Mg-Zn-Ce magnesium alloy. Based on a mass percentage of 100%, the Zn content is 4%, the Ce content is 5%, and the balance is magnesium and unavoidable impurities, with a total impurity content of ≤0.05%.

[0040] The preparation method of this alloy specifically includes the following steps: The industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, and Mg-Ce master alloy are mixed according to the mass percentage and placed in an oven at 200°C for drying and preheating. The alloy is smelted in a resistance melting furnace under CO2 protective gas. The temperature is maintained at 760℃ with stirring to ensure complete melting of the raw materials. After complete melting, the temperature is lowered to 720℃, and the magnesium alloy melt is stirred thoroughly for 1 minute. After stirring, the melt is allowed to stand for 10 minutes, then the surface slag is removed, and finally, it is cast to obtain the Mg-Zn-Ce alloy ingot. Zn is added in the form of pure zinc, and Ce is added as a Mg-30wt%Ce master alloy. The casting mold temperature is 250℃.

[0041] Preparation of alloy strip using rapid solidification technology: The above alloy ingot is melted at 760℃ and held for 3 minutes, and then Mg-Zn-Ce alloy rapidly solidified alloy strip is prepared by spinning; CO2 protective gas is introduced throughout the process.

[0042] Crushing and grinding: The above alloy strip is crushed by a strip cutting machine to prepare alloy particles of 100-3000 μm.

[0043] Ingot preparation: The above alloy particles (powder) are pre-pressed into alloy ingots.

[0044] Deformation processing: The alloy billet is then extruded to obtain bars or plates. The extrusion parameters are set as follows: extrusion temperature 350℃, extrusion ratio 25:1, and extrusion speed 15m / min.

[0045] The Mg-Zn-Ce alloy material obtained by the above process was prepared into an alloy test sample, which was denoted as Mg-4Zn-5Ce.

[0046] Example 2: A low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE alloy is disclosed in this embodiment. The alloy selected in this embodiment is a Mg-Zn-Ce magnesium alloy. The Zn content is 6% and the Ce content is 3% by mass percentage, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities. The total impurity content is ≤0.05%.

[0047] The preparation method of this alloy specifically includes the following steps: The industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc, and Mg-Ce master alloy are mixed according to the mass percentage and placed in an oven to dry and preheat at 200°C. The alloy is smelted in a resistance melting furnace under CO2 protective gas. The temperature is maintained at 760℃ with stirring to ensure complete melting of the raw materials. After complete melting, the temperature is lowered to 720℃, and the magnesium alloy melt is stirred thoroughly for 1 minute. After stirring, the melt is allowed to stand for 10 minutes, then the surface slag is removed, and finally, it is cast to obtain the Mg-Zn-Ce alloy ingot. Zn is added in the form of pure zinc, and Ce is added as a Mg-30wt%Ce master alloy. The casting mold temperature is 250℃.

[0048] Preparation of alloy strip using rapid solidification technology: The above alloy ingot is melted at 760℃ and held for 3 minutes, and then Mg-Zn-Ce alloy rapidly solidified alloy strip is prepared by spinning, during which CO2 protective gas is introduced.

[0049] Crushing and grinding: The above alloy strip is crushed by a strip cutting machine to prepare alloy particles of 100-3000 μm.

[0050] Ingot preparation: The above alloy powder is pre-pressed into alloy ingots.

[0051] Deformation processing: The alloy billet is then extruded to obtain bars or plates. The extrusion parameters are set as follows: extrusion temperature 350℃, extrusion ratio 25:1, and extrusion speed 15m / min.

[0052] The Mg-Zn-Ce alloy material obtained by the above process was prepared into an alloy test sample, which was designated as Mg-6Zn-3Ce.

[0053] test: The Mg-Zn-Ce alloys prepared in Examples 1-2 and the alloys in Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to performance tests. The alloy in Comparative Example 1 was prepared according to Example 2 reported in CN 113943881 A; the alloy in Comparative Example 2 was prepared according to Example 1 reported in CN 114134380 A; and the alloy in Comparative Example 3 was prepared according to Example 5 reported in CN 117089751 A.

[0054] In the following tests, damping performance refers to the room-temperature damping performance of the alloy under strain amplitude of 0.001 and vibration frequency of 1 Hz; mechanical properties refer to the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the alloy at room temperature. Specific results are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Damping and mechanical properties of the Mg-Zn-Ce alloys prepared in Examples 1-2 and the alloys in Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0055] Analysis of Table 1 shows that the Mg-Zn-Ce alloy prepared by rapid solidification powder metallurgy technology and extrusion deformation has achieved very high levels of mechanical and damping properties. The tensile strength of the obtained magnesium alloy can reach at least 375 MPa or higher, the yield strength can reach at least 360 MPa or higher, the elongation can reach ≥11%, and the damping value can reach ≥0.028. Compared with Example 2 (Comparative Example 1) reported in CN 113943881 A and Example 1 (Comparative Example 2) reported in CN 114134380 A, the present invention not only greatly improves the mechanical and damping properties, but also uses inexpensive raw materials. Compared with Example 5 (Comparative Example 3) reported in CN 117089751 A, the tensile strength and yield strength of the present invention are greatly improved, while maintaining excellent plasticity and damping properties.

[0056] In summary, the method of this invention can prepare low-cost, high-damping, high-strength magnesium alloys that possess excellent mechanical and damping properties, meeting current requirements for vibration reduction, noise reduction, and lightweight materials. Furthermore, the preparation process of this invention has advantages such as low cost, wide applicability, and ease of mass production. The resulting high-damping, high-strength magnesium alloys can be widely used in aerospace, defense, automotive, and rail transportation industries.

[0057] The embodiments described above merely illustrate specific implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are detailed and specific, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the technical solution of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] This background section is provided to generally present the context of the invention. The work of the currently named inventors, the work to the extent described in this background section, and aspects of this section that did not constitute prior art at the time of application are neither expressly nor impliedly acknowledged as prior art to the invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy, characterized in that, The mass percentages of each component are: Zn 3%~8%, RE 1%~6%, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities, and the total mass percentage is 100%.

2. The low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: RE refers to at least one of the light rare earth elements La and Ce.

3. The low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass percentages of each component are: Zn 4%~6%, RE 3%~5%, with the balance being magnesium and unavoidable impurities, the total impurity content being ≤0.05%, and the total mass percentage being 100%.

4. The method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: This method employs rapid solidification powder metallurgy and deformation processing steps to achieve a balanced optimization of the damping and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-RE alloys.

5. The method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Drying and preheating: Weigh the raw materials of each component according to the proportion, and place the industrial pure magnesium, industrial pure zinc and Mg-RE master alloy in the drying oven for drying and preheating; 2) Melting and casting: The raw materials dried and preheated in step 1) are melted in a resistance melting furnace to obtain magnesium alloy melt; After all the raw materials have melted, the temperature is lowered and the magnesium alloy melt is stirred thoroughly. After stirring, the melt is kept still and the surface slag is removed. Finally, it is cast to obtain Mg-Zn-RE alloy ingot. 3) Rapid solidification preparation of alloy strip: The Mg-Zn-RE alloy ingot obtained in step 2) is melted, kept at a certain temperature, and then spun into strip to prepare Mg-Zn-RE alloy rapid solidification alloy strip. 4) Crushing and powdering, billet preparation: The Mg-Zn-RE alloy rapidly solidified alloy strip prepared in step 3) is crushed by a strip cutting machine to obtain alloy particles, and then the particles are pre-pressed to obtain pre-pressed alloy billets. 5) Deformation processing: The pre-pressed alloy billet obtained in step 4) is subjected to deformation processing to obtain the desired low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy rods or plates.

6. The method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step 1) is 200-250℃.

7. The method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2), the melting temperature is 720~760℃; then the temperature is lowered to 700~720℃ for stirring; the stirring temperature is lower than the melting temperature; the stirring time is 1~2 minutes. The time for static heat preservation is 5 to 15 minutes; the temperature of the mold during casting is 200 to 250℃.

8. The method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3), the Mg-Zn-RE alloy ingot is melted at a temperature of 720~760℃ and held for 3~5 minutes; both steps 2) and 3) require the introduction of CO2 protective gas.

9. The method for preparing a low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4), the particle size of the alloy particles is 100-3000 μm; the extrusion temperature in step 4) is 320-370℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion rate is 10-20 m / min.

10. A low-cost, high-strength, high-damping Mg-Zn-RE magnesium alloy prepared by the method according to any one of claims 3-9, characterized in that: When using standard samples for performance testing, the yield strength is ≥300 MPa and the damping value is ≥0.01.

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