Method for controlling rock burst by directional long-hole sublevel blasting

Abstract

The application relates to the technical fields of coal mine disaster prevention and rock mass blasting engineering, and discloses a method for controlling rock burst by directional long borehole segmented blasting, which obtains geological columnar data and rock mechanics parameter data of a working face to generate drilling track design data, constructs a directional long borehole main hole and a directional long borehole branch hole, assembles and pushes a charging casing pipe according to segmented charging scheme data, and reserves a plugging section space between adjacent charging casing pipes, injects high-pressure sealing materials into the plugging section space through a pre-buried grouting pipeline and a pre-buried exhaust pipeline to form a sealed blasting chamber, sets an initiation delay time data in combination with stress wave propagation speed data, and sends an initiation signal to an explosion medium. The application effectively prevents axial overflow of gas resistance and explosion gas in the hole, improves stress wave superposition weakening efficiency, and realizes closed-loop evaluation and control of blasting operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of coal mine disaster prevention and rock blasting engineering technology, specifically a method for controlling rockburst through directional long borehole segmented blasting. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous increase in coal mining depth, rockburst disasters caused by hard roofs have become increasingly serious. Deep-hole pre-fracking blasting of the roof strata using directional long boreholes is an effective means of weakening the roof structure, releasing accumulated stress, and preventing rockbursts. However, in practical engineering applications, existing deep-hole segmented blasting technology still has the following limitations:

[0003] When implementing segmented explosive loading within the confined space of long directional boreholes, the isolation and sealing operations between segments present significant challenges. Existing grouting sealing techniques, when injecting sealing material into the sealed space between two explosive segments, often result in air blockage due to the compression of existing air within the borehole. This air blockage prevents the sealing material from fully filling the voids within the borehole, compromising sealing quality. Upon detonation of the explosive medium, the resulting high-pressure explosive gases can overflow axially along the poorly sealed pores, leading to a substantial loss of explosive energy and severely weakening the impact on the surrounding rock mass.

[0004] When constructing multi-stage detonation networks, existing delayed detonation times often rely on field experience for manual setting or directly adopt fixed standard delay intervals. This approach fails to consider the actual physical and mechanical properties of specific roof strata and ignores the actual propagation speed of stress waves within the strata. Blindly setting delay times often misses the optimal opportunity for stress wave superposition between adjacent blasting stages, failing to create effective stress wave collision and tensile damage, resulting in low efficiency in weakening hard roof strata through blasting.

[0005] Due to the concealed and complex nature of underground engineering, existing methods for assessing blasting effects are generally limited and outdated. They typically rely on conventional macroscopic mineral pressure manifestations or single-dimensional microseismic events for rough judgments, lacking systematic joint inversion of multi-source monitoring data. This makes it difficult to quantify and extract the actual expansion of the microscopic and macroscopic fracture networks within the rock mass. Furthermore, existing blasting operations usually follow a unidirectional process, lacking a dynamic closed-loop control mechanism. When a single blast fails to achieve the expected rock mass weakening standard, it cannot promptly coordinate and guide supplementary weakening operations on-site, easily leaving behind potential rockburst safety hazards during the working face mining process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes, comprising the following steps: Obtain geological columnar data and rock mechanics parameter data of the working face, and determine the target hard roof rock layer based on the geological columnar data and the rock mechanics parameter data. Divide the target hard roof rock layer into low-level roof layer, middle-level roof layer and high-level roof layer. At the same time, generate borehole trajectory design data based on the spatial location of the target hard roof rock layer. The system receives the borehole trajectory design data and constructs a directional long borehole main hole in the target hard top rock layer according to the borehole trajectory design data. It also constructs directional long borehole branch holes in the directional long borehole main hole using a window-opening side drilling technique. During the construction of the directional long borehole main hole and the directional long borehole branch holes, the system acquires real-time trajectory data and adjusts the drilling trajectory according to the real-time trajectory data. Obtain drilling depth data for the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole; generate segmented charging scheme data based on the drilling depth data and rock mechanics parameter data; assemble charging casings according to the segmented charging scheme data, wherein the charging casings contain explosive media and detonation initiation elements; push the charging casings section by section into the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole, and reserve sealing section space between adjacent charging casings; High-pressure sealing material is injected into the orifice section of the main borehole of the directional long borehole and the space of the sealing section. After the high-pressure sealing material solidifies, multiple mutually isolated sealed blasting chambers are formed in the main borehole of the directional long borehole and the branch borehole of the directional long borehole. A detonation controller is provided, and the detonation transmission and detonation element is connected to the detonation controller; the detonation delay time data is set according to the segmented charge scheme data, and the detonation signal is sent to the explosive medium in the sealed blasting chamber through the detonation controller according to the detonation delay time data; Acquire microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data after detonation. Generate blasting effect evaluation results based on the microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data. Provide preset rock mass weakening index data. Output supplementary weakening operation instructions when the blasting effect evaluation results do not reach the preset rock mass weakening index data.

[0007] Preferably, the step of acquiring geological columnar data and rock mechanics parameter data of the working face, determining the target hard roof strata based on the geological columnar data and the rock mechanics parameter data, dividing the target hard roof strata into low-level roof strata, middle-level roof strata, and high-level roof strata, and simultaneously generating borehole trajectory design data based on the spatial location of the target hard roof strata includes: It provides rock layer thickness threshold data and uniaxial compressive strength threshold data. The rock mechanical parameter data includes tensile strength data, compressive strength data, elastic modulus data, Poisson's ratio data, and stress wave propagation velocity data. The rock strata with thickness values ​​greater than the rock stratum thickness threshold data and compressive strength values ​​greater than the uniaxial compressive strength threshold data in the geological column data of the working face are extracted and marked as key control rock strata data. Based on the geological columnar data of the working face, the vertical distance between the top interface of the key control strata and the coal seam floor is calculated, and the key control strata are divided into the low roof layer, the middle roof layer and the high roof layer according to the vertical distance data. Extract the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data of the low-level top plate layer, the middle-level top plate layer and the high-level top plate layer, and generate the drilling trajectory design data based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data. The drilling trajectory design data specifically includes hole opening position data, inclination angle data, azimuth angle data and hole depth data.

[0008] Preferably, generating the borehole trajectory design data based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data further includes: The opening position data corresponding to the high-level roof layer is allocated to the inside of the working face mining roadway or the inside of the working face cutting eye, and the dip angle data corresponding to the high-level roof layer is set to the range of upward deflection of 60 degrees to 85 degrees. Obtain the working face width data, and combine the working face width data and the inclination angle data to use trigonometric function logic calculation to obtain the hole depth data; The final hole position data of the borehole trajectory design data is defined by the borehole depth data and the azimuth data, and the vertical projection area of ​​the final hole position data covers the central area of ​​the working face and the area above the mining roadways on both sides of the working face.

[0009] Preferably, the step of receiving the borehole trajectory design data and constructing a directional long borehole main hole in the target hard top rock layer according to the borehole trajectory design data, and constructing directional long borehole branch holes in the directional long borehole main hole using a window-opening side-drilling technique; acquiring real-time trajectory data during the construction of the directional long borehole main hole and the directional long borehole branch holes, and adjusting the drilling trajectory according to the real-time trajectory data, includes: A directional drilling rig is provided, which integrates a measurement-while-drilling unit. The directional drilling rig is used to drill within the target hard top rock layer according to the borehole trajectory design data. The measurement-while-drilling unit continuously collects the real-time trajectory data during the advancement of the directional drilling rig. The real-time trajectory data includes real-time tilt angle data and real-time azimuth angle data. The real-time trajectory data is compared and calculated with the borehole trajectory design data to generate trajectory deviation data. Provide trajectory deviation threshold data, generate tool face angle adjustment command when the trajectory deviation data is greater than the trajectory deviation threshold data, and send the tool face angle adjustment command to the directional drilling equipment to adjust the drilling attitude of the directional drilling equipment.

[0010] Preferably, the step of using the directional drilling rig to perform drilling operations within the target hard top rock layer according to the borehole trajectory design data further includes: The directional drilling rig is used to drill to the coordinate node corresponding to the final hole position data according to the drilling trajectory design data, and the main hole of the directional long borehole is formed inside the working face. The directional drilling rig is equipped with a side-drilling actuator, which includes a directional drilling component. The directional drilling rig is controlled to perform a retraction operation. During the retraction operation, the directional drilling component is used to drill obliquely into the sidewall of the main hole of the directional long borehole and to form the branch hole of the directional long borehole inside the working face, so that the main hole of the directional long borehole and the branch hole of the directional long borehole penetrate the low-level top plate layer, the middle-level top plate layer and the high-level top plate layer.

[0011] Preferably, the assembly of the charge sleeve according to the segmented charge scheme data, wherein the charge sleeve contains an explosive medium and a detonation initiation element; and the push of the charge sleeve section by section into the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole, with a reserved sealing section space between adjacent charge sleeves, includes: The end of the charge sleeve is provided with a threaded connection assembly, through which multiple charge sleeves are mechanically spliced ​​axially, and a sealant is applied to the outside of the threaded connection assembly to form a sealed structure. Pre-embedded grouting pipes and pre-embedded venting pipes are laid synchronously along the axial direction on the outer wall of the charging sleeve. A drilling rig propulsion unit is provided, which includes a push rod assembly. The push rod assembly is used to push the explosive casing, the pre-embedded grouting pipeline and the pre-embedded venting pipeline together section by section toward the bottom of the main hole and the branch hole of the directional long borehole.

[0012] Preferably, the step of using the pusher assembly to push the charging sleeve, the pre-embedded grouting pipeline, and the pre-embedded venting pipeline section by section toward the bottom of the main hole and the branch holes of the directional long borehole includes: During the process of pushing the charge sleeve, the advance distance data of the push rod assembly is recorded, and the advance thrust data of the push rod assembly is obtained in real time to prevent the charge sleeve from bending and getting stuck in the hole. The segmented charge plan data includes the length of the blocking section, and the start and stop status of the push rod assembly is controlled based on the advance distance data and the length of the blocking section; A hole fixing unit is provided to lock the charge sleeve to prevent it from retracting when the push rod assembly stops advancing.

[0013] Preferably, the injection of high-pressure sealing material into the orifice section and the sealing section space of the directional long borehole includes: A special cement base material, an expanding agent component, a quick-setting agent component, and a polymer additive component are provided. The special cement base material, the expanding agent component, the quick-setting agent component, and the polymer additive component are stirred and fused with a mixed water medium to prepare the high-pressure sealing material. A sealing pipe assembly, a sealing water-stop ring, a grouting pipeline, and a grouting pump are provided. The sealing pipe assembly is installed at the borehole opening section of the main borehole of the directional long borehole, and the sealing water-stop ring is wrapped around the outer wall of the sealing pipe assembly. The grouting pipeline is connected to the internal space of the sealing pipe assembly. The grouting pump is controlled to inject the high-pressure sealing material into the orifice section through the grouting pipeline, while the grouting pressure data inside the orifice section is monitored. When the grouting pressure data reaches a preset pressure threshold and grout returns to the outside of the orifice section, the operation of the grouting pump is stopped. The injection volume of the high-pressure sealing material is calculated based on the geometric dimensions of the sealing section space. The grouting pump is controlled to inject the high-pressure sealing material into multiple sealing section spaces through the pre-embedded grouting pipeline according to the injection volume data. At the same time, the air inside the sealing section space is discharged through the pre-embedded exhaust pipeline to prevent air resistance in the hole.

[0014] Preferably, the step of setting the detonation delay time data according to the segmented charge scheme data, and sending a detonation signal to the explosive medium in the sealed blasting chamber through the detonation controller according to the detonation delay time data, includes: The detonation grouping strategy data is generated by combining the segmented charge scheme data, and the detonation grouping strategy data includes a segmented delayed detonation sequence and a grouped instantaneous detonation sequence; Obtain stress wave propagation velocity data from the rock mechanics parameter data, and calculate the stress wave superposition time difference between adjacent blasting sections based on the stress wave propagation velocity data; The detonation delay time data is set according to the detonation grouping strategy data and the stress wave superposition time difference.

[0015] Preferably, the step of acquiring microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data after detonation, generating a blasting effect evaluation result based on the microseismic monitoring data, the borehole television observation data, and the mine pressure manifestation data, providing preset rock mass weakening index data, and outputting a supplementary weakening operation instruction when the blasting effect evaluation result does not reach the preset rock mass weakening index data, includes: Extract spatial rupture location data from the microseismic monitoring data, extract macroscopic fracture opening data from the borehole television observation data, and extract dynamic load attenuation characteristic data from the mine pressure manifestation data; The spatial fracture location data, the macroscopic fracture opening data, and the dynamic load attenuation characteristic data are jointly inverted to extract the rock mass fracture network expansion data; The rock mass fracture network expansion data is compared and calculated with the preset rock mass weakening index data, and the blasting effect evaluation result is generated based on the comparison and calculation results.

[0016] This application provides a method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes. It has the following beneficial effects: (1) This application pushes the charge sleeve section by section into the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole through the segmented charge module, and reserves a sealing section space between adjacent charge sleeves. On this basis, the hole opening and hole sealing module injects high pressure sealing material into multiple sealing section spaces through the pre-embedded grouting pipeline arranged outside the charge sleeve. At the same time, the air inside the sealing section space is discharged through the pre-embedded exhaust pipeline to prevent gas resistance inside the hole. After the high pressure sealing material solidifies, it forms multiple mutually isolated sealed blasting chambers, which can effectively block the axial overflow channel of the explosive gas generated after the explosive medium inside the charge sleeve detonates, and improve the sealing of deep hole charge sealing and the reliability of blasting operation.

[0017] (2) This application calculates the stress wave superposition time difference between adjacent blasting sections by combining the stress wave propagation velocity data in the rock mechanics parameter data with the detonation network module, and sets the detonation delay time data according to the detonation grouping strategy data and the stress wave superposition time difference. It relies on the real rock physics parameters to guide the detonation network module to send the detonation control signal to the explosive medium in the sealed blasting chamber, avoiding the blindness of the delay time setting, which is conducive to the superposition of stress waves between adjacent blasting sections and improves the blasting weakening efficiency of the target hard roof rock layer.

[0018] (3) This application uses an effect monitoring module to jointly invert the extracted spatial fracture location data, macroscopic fracture opening data, and dynamic load attenuation characteristic data to extract rock mass fracture network expansion data. The rock mass fracture network expansion data is then compared with preset rock mass weakening index data to generate a blasting effect evaluation result. When the blasting effect evaluation result does not reach the preset rock mass weakening index data, the effect monitoring module outputs a supplementary weakening operation instruction to guide subsequent supplementary drilling and blasting weakening operations. This process achieves joint verification of multi-dimensional data and closed-loop control of blasting quality, ensuring the actual engineering effect of controlling rockburst. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 This application provides a method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes. Based on a system for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes, the system includes: a geological data analysis module, a directional drilling construction module, a segmented charging module, a borehole opening and sealing module, a detonation network module, and an effect monitoring module. The specific workflow is as follows: The geological data analysis module acquires geological columnar data and rock mechanics parameter data of the working face, and determines the target hard roof rock layer based on the geological columnar data and rock mechanics parameter data of the working face. Furthermore, the geological data analysis module divides the target hard roof rock layer into low-level roof layer, middle-level roof layer and high-level roof layer, and generates borehole trajectory design data based on the spatial location of the target hard roof rock layer.

[0022] The directional drilling construction module receives drilling trajectory design data and constructs the main directional long borehole within the target hard top rock layer according to the drilling trajectory design data. The directional drilling construction module constructs the branch holes of the directional long borehole using the window-opening side-drilling technique within the main directional long borehole. The directional drilling rig equipment configured in the directional drilling construction module integrates a measurement-while-drilling unit. During the construction of the main directional long borehole and the branch holes, the directional drilling construction module uses the measurement-while-drilling unit to acquire real-time trajectory data and adjusts the drilling trajectory according to the real-time trajectory data.

[0023] The segmented charging module generates segmented charging scheme data based on the drilling depth data and rock mechanics parameters of the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole. The segmented charging module assembles the charging casing according to the segmented charging scheme data. The charging casing contains explosive medium and detonation initiation element. The segmented charging module uses the drilling rig propulsion unit to push the charging casing section by section into the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole. The segmented charging module also reserves sealing section space between adjacent charging casings.

[0024] The orifice and borehole sealing module uses grouting pipelines to inject high-pressure sealing material into the sealing section space and the orifice section of the main hole of the directional long borehole. After the high-pressure sealing material solidifies, multiple mutually isolated sealed blasting chambers are formed in the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole.

[0025] The detonation network module is equipped with a detonation controller. The detonation network module connects the detonation transmission and detonation element to the detonation controller. The detonation network module sets the detonation delay time data according to the segmented charge scheme data, and sends the detonation signal to the explosive medium in the sealed blasting chamber according to the detonation delay time data.

[0026] The effect monitoring module acquires microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data after detonation. Based on the microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data, the effect monitoring module generates blasting effect evaluation results and outputs supplementary weakening operation instructions when the blasting effect evaluation results do not reach the preset rock mass weakening index data.

[0027] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 Based on the geological columnar data and rock mechanical parameter data of the working face obtained by the geological data analysis module, the geological data analysis module further performs calculations on the geological columnar data and rock mechanical parameter data of the working face to identify key control strata data.

[0028] The rock mechanics parameter data includes tensile strength data, compressive strength data, elastic modulus data, Poisson's ratio data, and stress wave propagation velocity data. The geological data analysis module also includes pre-set rock layer thickness threshold data and uniaxial compressive strength threshold data.

[0029] The geological data analysis module extracts and marks rock strata with thickness values ​​greater than the rock stratum thickness threshold and compressive strength values ​​greater than the uniaxial compressive strength threshold from the geological column data of the working face as key control rock strata data.

[0030] The geological data analysis module combines the geological columnar data of the working face to calculate the vertical distance between the top interface of the key control rock strata and the bottom of the coal seam, and divides the key control rock strata into the low roof layer, the middle roof layer and the high roof layer based on the vertical distance data.

[0031] The geological data analysis module extracts the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data of the low-level roof layer, the middle-level roof layer, and the high-level roof layer, and generates borehole trajectory design data based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data. The borehole trajectory design data specifically includes borehole location data, dip angle data, azimuth angle data, and borehole depth data.

[0032] The geological data analysis module allocates the opening location data corresponding to the high-level roof layer to the inside of the working face mining roadway or the working face cutting hole, and sets the dip angle data corresponding to the high-level roof layer to the range of 60 degrees to 85 degrees upward deflection.

[0033] The borehole trajectory design data also includes strike hole spacing data and dip coverage data. The geological data analysis module generates multiple sets of parallel borehole trajectory design data along the strike direction of the working face according to the strike hole spacing data. At the same time, the geological data analysis module limits the dip coverage data corresponding to each set of borehole trajectory design data to extend beyond the boundary lines on both sides of the working face.

[0034] The geological data analysis module receives the working face width data and uses trigonometric function logic to calculate the borehole depth data in combination with the working face width data and dip angle data. The geological data analysis module limits the final borehole position data of the borehole trajectory design data through the borehole depth data and azimuth data, and the vertical projection area of ​​the final borehole position data covers the central area of ​​the working face and the area above the mining roadways on both sides of the working face.

[0035] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 Furthermore, after the geological data analysis module limits the final hole position data of the borehole trajectory design data through borehole depth data and azimuth data, the directional drilling construction module obtains the borehole trajectory design data and final hole position data generated by the geological data analysis module, and deploys directional drilling equipment inside the working face mining roadway or inside the working face opening.

[0036] The directional drilling construction module utilizes directional drilling equipment to perform drilling operations inside the hard top plate according to the drilling trajectory design data. The directional drilling equipment also integrates a measurement while drilling (MSD) unit, which continuously collects real-time trajectory data during the advancement of the directional drilling equipment.

[0037] Real-time trajectory data includes real-time tilt angle data and real-time azimuth angle data. The directional drilling construction module receives the real-time trajectory data and compares and calculates it with the borehole trajectory design data to generate trajectory deviation data.

[0038] The directional drilling construction module has pre-set trajectory deviation threshold data. When the trajectory deviation data is greater than the trajectory deviation threshold data, the directional drilling construction module generates a tool face angle adjustment command and sends the tool face angle adjustment command to the directional drilling equipment to adjust the drilling posture of the directional drilling equipment.

[0039] The directional drilling construction module uses a directional drilling rig to drill to the coordinate node corresponding to the final hole position data according to the drilling trajectory design data, and forms the main hole of the directional long borehole inside the working face. The directional drilling rig is equipped with a side drilling actuator, which includes a directional drilling component. After the main hole of the directional long borehole is formed, the directional drilling construction module controls the directional drilling rig to perform a retraction operation.

[0040] During the retraction operation, the directional drilling module uses the directional drilling actuator's directional drilling component to drill obliquely into the sidewall of the main directional long borehole and form directional long borehole branch holes inside the working face, thereby enabling the main directional long borehole and the directional long borehole branch holes to penetrate the low-level roof layer, the middle-level roof layer and the high-level roof layer.

[0041] The directional drilling construction module is equipped with an in-hole television imaging device. After the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole are completed, the in-hole television imaging device is lowered into the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole.

[0042] The in-hole television imaging equipment acquires data on the rock mass structure inside the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole. At the same time, the directional drilling construction module records the drilling depth data of the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole, and the segmented charging module receives the rock mass structure data and drilling depth data to provide a basis for subsequent calculations.

[0043] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 Furthermore, after the segmented charging module receives borehole wall rock mass structure data and drilling depth data to provide a basis for subsequent calculations, the segmented charging module combines rock mechanics parameter data to generate segmented charging scheme data.

[0044] The segmented charging scheme data includes single-segment charge amount data, charge segment length data, and plugging segment length data. The segmented charging module divides the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole into multiple blasting zones along the axial direction based on the drilling depth data and charge segment length data.

[0045] The segmented charging module assembles the charging casing based on the borehole wall rock mass structure data and the single-segment charging amount data, and the outer diameter of the charging casing is smaller than the diameter of the main hole of the directional long borehole and the diameter of the branch holes of the directional long borehole.

[0046] The segmented charging module fills the explosive medium into the charging sleeve and lays the detonation transmission and initiation elements inside the charging sleeve. The detonation transmission and initiation elements include detonating cord and detonating tube. In addition, the segmented charging module sets air gaps between the explosive mediums inside the charging sleeve according to the segmented charging scheme data. The end of the charge sleeve is equipped with a threaded connection assembly. The segmented charge module mechanically splices multiple charge sleeves along the axial direction through the threaded connection assembly, and applies sealant to the outside of the threaded connection assembly to form a sealed structure. At the same time, the segmented charge module simultaneously lays pre-embedded grouting pipelines and pre-embedded venting pipelines along the axial direction on the outer wall of the charge sleeve.

[0047] The segmented charging module controls the movement of the drilling rig's propulsion unit. The drilling rig's propulsion unit includes a pusher assembly. The segmented charging module uses the pusher assembly to push the charging casing, pre-embedded grouting pipeline, and pre-embedded venting pipeline section by section towards the bottom of the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole. The segmented charging module records the advance distance data of the pusher assembly during the pushing of the charging sleeve and obtains the advance thrust data of the pusher assembly in real time to prevent the charging sleeve from bending and getting stuck in the hole. The segmented charging module controls the start and stop status of the pusher assembly based on the advance distance data and the length of the sealing section data, and uses the orifice fixing unit to lock the charging sleeve to prevent it from retracting when the pusher assembly stops advancing. The segmented charging module reserves a sealing section space between adjacent charging sleeves. The segmented charging module pushes a preset number of charging sleeves into the corresponding blasting zone through the push rod assembly, thereby completing the in-hole charging process of the main hole and the branch holes of the directional long borehole.

[0048] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 Furthermore, after the segmented charging module pushes a preset number of charging sleeves into the corresponding blasting zone through the push rod assembly to complete the in-hole charging process of the main hole and the branch holes of the directional long drilling, the hole opening and the in-hole sealing module perform the sealing and isolation operation.

[0049] The orifice and internal sealing module is equipped with a sealing material preparation unit, which contains a special cement base material, an expansion agent component, a quick-setting agent component, and a polymer additive component. The orifice and internal sealing module uses the sealing material preparation unit to stir and fuse the special cement base material, expansion agent component, quick-setting agent component, and polymer additive component with a mixed water medium to prepare a high-pressure sealing material.

[0050] The orifice and in-hole sealing module installs a sealing pipe assembly at the orifice section of the main directional long borehole, and wraps a sealing water-stop ring around the outer wall of the sealing pipe assembly. The sealing water-stop ring fills the annular gap between the sealing pipe assembly and the borehole wall of the main directional long borehole. The orifice and in-hole sealing module connects the grouting pipeline to the internal space of the sealing pipe assembly.

[0051] The orifice and borehole sealing module controls the grouting pump to inject high-pressure sealing material into the orifice section through the grouting pipeline. At the same time, the orifice and borehole sealing module monitors the grouting pressure data inside the orifice section. When the grouting pressure data reaches the preset pressure threshold and grout returns to the outside of the orifice section, the orifice and borehole sealing module stops the operation of the grouting pump.

[0052] The orifice and in-hole sealing module utilizes pre-embedded grouting pipes and pre-embedded venting pipes arranged on the outside of the charging sleeve to connect the sealing section space between adjacent charging sleeves. The orifice and in-hole sealing module calculates the injection volume data of high-pressure sealing material based on the geometric dimensions of the sealing section space, and controls the grouting pump equipment to inject high-pressure sealing material into multiple sealing section spaces through the pre-embedded grouting pipes according to the injection volume data. At the same time, the orifice and in-hole sealing module discharges the air inside the sealing section space through the pre-embedded venting pipes to prevent air resistance inside the orifice.

[0053] The orifice and the sealing module inside the orifice maintain the static solidification state of the high-pressure sealing material. After the high-pressure sealing material solidifies, multiple isolated sealed blasting chambers are formed in the main hole and branch holes of the directional long drill. The sealed blasting chambers completely enclose the explosive casing. The orifice and the sealing module inside the orifice block the axial overflow channel of the explosive gas generated after the explosive medium inside the explosive casing is detonated through the sealed blasting chambers.

[0054] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 Furthermore, after the orifice and the sealing module inside the orifice block the axial overflow channel of the explosive gas generated after the explosive medium inside the explosive casing is detonated by sealing the blasting chamber, the detonation network module performs the detonation network connection operation.

[0055] The detonation network module is equipped with a detonation network connection line. The detonation network module uses the detonation network connection line to connect the detonation transmission and detonation element led out from the main hole of the directional long borehole to the detonation controller. It also generates detonation grouping strategy data by combining the segmented charge scheme data. The detonation grouping strategy data includes segmented delayed detonation sequence and grouped instantaneous detonation sequence.

[0056] The detonation network module calculates the stress wave superposition time difference between adjacent blasting sections by combining the stress wave propagation velocity data in the rock mechanics parameter data, and sets the detonation delay time data according to the detonation grouping strategy data and the stress wave superposition time difference. The detonation network module sends a detonation control signal to the detonation transmission element through the detonation controller according to the detonation delay time data, so that the detonation transmission element receives the detonation control signal and detonates the explosive medium in the sealed blasting chamber.

[0057] After the explosive medium is detonated, the effect monitoring module acquires microseismic monitoring data after detonation to extract spatial fracture location data. At the same time, the effect monitoring module uses borehole television imaging equipment to acquire borehole television exploration data after detonation to extract macroscopic fracture opening data. In addition, the effect monitoring module acquires mine pressure manifestation data during the working face mining process to extract dynamic load attenuation characteristic data.

[0058] The effect monitoring module performs joint inversion on spatial fracture location data, macroscopic fracture opening data, and dynamic load attenuation characteristic data to extract rock mass fracture network expansion data. The effect monitoring module has preset rock mass weakening index data.

[0059] The effect monitoring module compares and calculates the rock mass fracture network expansion data with the preset rock mass weakening index data, and generates blasting effect evaluation results based on the comparison and calculation results.

[0060] When the blasting effect evaluation results indicate that the rock fracture network expansion data does not reach the preset rock weakening index data, the effect monitoring module generates and outputs a supplementary weakening operation instruction. The directional drilling construction module receives the supplementary weakening operation instruction and performs supplementary drilling and blasting weakening operations in the corresponding substandard rock mass area.

[0061] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain geological columnar data and rock mechanics parameter data of the working face, and determine the target hard roof rock layer based on the geological columnar data and the rock mechanics parameter data. Divide the target hard roof rock layer into low-level roof layer, middle-level roof layer and high-level roof layer. At the same time, generate borehole trajectory design data based on the spatial location of the target hard roof rock layer. The system receives the borehole trajectory design data and constructs a directional long borehole main hole in the target hard top rock layer according to the borehole trajectory design data. It also constructs directional long borehole branch holes in the directional long borehole main hole using a window-opening side drilling technique. During the construction of the directional long borehole main hole and the directional long borehole branch holes, the system acquires real-time trajectory data and adjusts the drilling trajectory according to the real-time trajectory data. Obtain drilling depth data for the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole; generate segmented charging scheme data based on the drilling depth data and rock mechanics parameter data; assemble charging casings according to the segmented charging scheme data, wherein the charging casings contain explosive media and detonation initiation elements; push the charging casings section by section into the main borehole and branch boreholes of the directional long borehole, and reserve sealing section space between adjacent charging casings; High-pressure sealing material is injected into the orifice section of the main borehole of the directional long borehole and the space of the sealing section. After the high-pressure sealing material solidifies, multiple mutually isolated sealed blasting chambers are formed in the main borehole of the directional long borehole and the branch borehole of the directional long borehole. A detonation controller is provided, and the detonation transmission and detonation element is connected to the detonation controller; the detonation delay time data is set according to the segmented charge scheme data, and the detonation signal is sent to the explosive medium in the sealed blasting chamber through the detonation controller according to the detonation delay time data; Acquire microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data after detonation. Generate blasting effect evaluation results based on the microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data. Provide preset rock mass weakening index data. Output supplementary weakening operation instructions when the blasting effect evaluation results do not reach the preset rock mass weakening index data.

2. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process involves acquiring geological columnar data and rock mechanics parameter data of the working face, determining the target hard roof strata based on the geological columnar data and the rock mechanics parameter data, dividing the target hard roof strata into low-level roof strata, middle-level roof strata, and high-level roof strata, and simultaneously generating borehole trajectory design data based on the spatial location of the target hard roof strata, including: It provides rock layer thickness threshold data and uniaxial compressive strength threshold data. The rock mechanical parameter data includes tensile strength data, compressive strength data, elastic modulus data, Poisson's ratio data, and stress wave propagation velocity data. The rock strata with thickness values ​​greater than the rock stratum thickness threshold data and compressive strength values ​​greater than the uniaxial compressive strength threshold data in the geological column data of the working face are extracted and marked as key control rock strata data. Based on the geological columnar data of the working face, the vertical distance between the top interface of the key control strata and the coal seam floor is calculated, and the key control strata are divided into the low roof layer, the middle roof layer and the high roof layer according to the vertical distance data. Extract the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data of the low-level top plate layer, the middle-level top plate layer and the high-level top plate layer, and generate the drilling trajectory design data based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data. The drilling trajectory design data specifically includes hole opening position data, inclination angle data, azimuth angle data and hole depth data.

3. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of generating the borehole trajectory design data based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution coordinate data further includes: The opening position data corresponding to the high-level roof layer is allocated to the inside of the working face mining roadway or the inside of the working face cutting eye, and the dip angle data corresponding to the high-level roof layer is set to the range of upward deflection of 60 degrees to 85 degrees. Obtain the working face width data, and combine the working face width data and the inclination angle data to use trigonometric function logic calculation to obtain the hole depth data; The final hole position data of the borehole trajectory design data is defined by the borehole depth data and the azimuth data, and the vertical projection area of ​​the final hole position data covers the central area of ​​the working face and the area above the mining roadways on both sides of the working face.

4. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process involves receiving the borehole trajectory design data and constructing a directional long borehole main hole within the target hard top rock layer according to the borehole trajectory design data, and constructing directional long borehole branch holes within the directional long borehole main hole using a window-opening side drilling process. During the construction of the main directional long borehole and the branch holes of the directional long borehole, real-time trajectory data is acquired, and the drilling trajectory is adjusted according to the real-time trajectory data, including: A directional drilling rig is provided, which integrates a measurement-while-drilling unit. The directional drilling rig is used to drill within the target hard top rock layer according to the borehole trajectory design data. The measurement-while-drilling unit continuously collects the real-time trajectory data during the advancement of the directional drilling rig. The real-time trajectory data includes real-time tilt angle data and real-time azimuth angle data. The real-time trajectory data is compared and calculated with the borehole trajectory design data to generate trajectory deviation data. Provide trajectory deviation threshold data, generate tool face angle adjustment command when the trajectory deviation data is greater than the trajectory deviation threshold data, and send the tool face angle adjustment command to the directional drilling equipment to adjust the drilling attitude of the directional drilling equipment.

5. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of drilling within the target hard top rock layer using the directional drilling rig according to the borehole trajectory design data also includes: The directional drilling rig is used to drill to the coordinate node corresponding to the final hole position data according to the drilling trajectory design data, and the main hole of the directional long borehole is formed inside the working face. The directional drilling rig is equipped with a side-drilling actuator, which includes a directional drilling component. The directional drilling rig is controlled to perform a retraction operation. During the retraction operation, the directional drilling component is used to drill obliquely into the sidewall of the main hole of the directional long borehole and to form the branch hole of the directional long borehole inside the working face, so that the main hole of the directional long borehole and the branch hole of the directional long borehole penetrate the low-level top plate layer, the middle-level top plate layer and the high-level top plate layer.

6. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly of the charge sleeve according to the segmented charge scheme data, wherein the charge sleeve contains an explosive medium and a detonation initiation element; the push of the charge sleeve section by section into the main hole and branch holes of the directional long borehole, with a reserved sealing section space between adjacent charge sleeves, includes: The end of the charge sleeve is provided with a threaded connection assembly, through which multiple charge sleeves are mechanically spliced ​​axially, and a sealant is applied to the outside of the threaded connection assembly to form a sealed structure. Pre-embedded grouting pipes and pre-embedded venting pipes are laid axially on the outer wall of the charging sleeve. A drilling rig propulsion unit is provided, which includes a push rod assembly. The push rod assembly is used to push the explosive casing, the pre-embedded grouting pipeline and the pre-embedded venting pipeline together section by section toward the bottom of the main hole and the branch hole of the directional long borehole.

7. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of using the pusher assembly to push the charging sleeve, the pre-embedded grouting pipeline, and the pre-embedded venting pipeline section by section toward the bottom of the main hole and the branch holes of the directional long borehole includes: During the process of pushing the propellant sleeve, the advance distance data of the pusher assembly is recorded, and the advance thrust data of the pusher assembly is obtained in real time to prevent the propellant sleeve from bending and getting stuck in the hole; The segmented charge plan data includes the length of the blocking section, and the start and stop status of the push rod assembly is controlled based on the advance distance data and the length of the blocking section; A hole fixing unit is provided to lock the charge sleeve to prevent it from retracting when the push rod assembly stops advancing.

8. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The injection of high-pressure sealing material into the orifice section and the sealing section space of the directional long borehole includes: A special cement base material, an expanding agent component, a quick-setting agent component, and a polymer additive component are provided. The special cement base material, the expanding agent component, the quick-setting agent component, and the polymer additive component are stirred and fused with a mixed water medium to prepare the high-pressure sealing material. A sealing pipe assembly, a sealing water-stop ring, a grouting pipeline, and a grouting pump are provided. The sealing pipe assembly is installed at the borehole opening section of the main borehole of the directional long borehole, and the sealing water-stop ring is wrapped around the outer wall of the sealing pipe assembly. The grouting pipeline is connected to the internal space of the sealing pipe assembly. The grouting pump is controlled to inject the high-pressure sealing material into the orifice section through the grouting pipeline, while the grouting pressure data inside the orifice section is monitored. When the grouting pressure data reaches a preset pressure threshold and grout returns to the outside of the orifice section, the operation of the grouting pump is stopped. The injection volume of the high-pressure sealing material is calculated based on the geometric dimensions of the sealing section space. The grouting pump is controlled to inject the high-pressure sealing material into multiple sealing section spaces through the pre-embedded grouting pipeline according to the injection volume data. At the same time, the air inside the sealing section space is discharged through the pre-embedded exhaust pipeline to prevent air resistance in the hole.

9. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of setting the detonation delay time data according to the segmented charge scheme data, and sending a detonation signal to the explosive medium in the sealed blasting chamber through the detonation controller according to the detonation delay time data, includes: The detonation grouping strategy data is generated by combining the segmented charge scheme data, and the detonation grouping strategy data includes a segmented delayed detonation sequence and a grouped instantaneous detonation sequence; Obtain stress wave propagation velocity data from the rock mechanics parameter data, and calculate the stress wave superposition time difference between adjacent blasting sections based on the stress wave propagation velocity data; The detonation delay time data is set according to the detonation grouping strategy data and the stress wave superposition time difference.

10. The method for controlling rockburst through segmented blasting in directional long boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process involves acquiring microseismic monitoring data, borehole television observation data, and mine pressure manifestation data after detonation; generating a blasting effect evaluation result based on the microseismic monitoring data, the borehole television observation data, and the mine pressure manifestation data; providing preset rock mass weakening index data; and outputting supplementary weakening operation instructions when the blasting effect evaluation result does not reach the preset rock mass weakening index data, including: Extract spatial rupture location data from the microseismic monitoring data, extract macroscopic fracture opening data from the borehole television observation data, and extract dynamic load attenuation characteristic data from the mine pressure manifestation data; The spatial fracture location data, the macroscopic fracture opening data, and the dynamic load attenuation characteristic data are jointly inverted to extract the rock mass fracture network expansion data; The rock mass fracture network expansion data is compared and calculated with the preset rock mass weakening index data, and the blasting effect evaluation result is generated based on the comparison and calculation results.

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