A method for cultivating crisp sweet quality balling cabbage by using mountain plum garden condition staggered layers in off-season

Abstract

The application discloses a method for cultivating crisp sweet quality head cabbage by using mountain plum orchard conditions, and aims at the technical pain points of the prior art, such as the waste of resources during the winter idle period of the north Sichuan mountain plum orchard and the poor adaptability of the overwintering and off-season head cabbage cultivation, and constructs a high-yield cultivation system of the off-season and off-layer crisp sweet head cabbage suitable for the mountain plum orchard, and multiple beneficial effects are achieved. The application precisely matches the growth rhythm of plum tree dormant fallen leaves in winter, carries out intercropping during the winter idle period, completely avoids the influence on the core industry of plums, greatly improves the land and light energy utilization rate during the winter idle period of the plum orchard, realizes ecological cold protection of the plum tree roots, significantly reduces the occurrence rate of winter freeze damage of young plum trees, and promotes the symbiosis and mutual promotion of fruits and vegetables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cabbage cultivation technology, specifically to a method for cultivating crisp and sweet-quality head cabbage using off-season and off-layer cultivation conditions in mountain plum orchards. Background Technology

[0002] The market demand for crisp and sweet heading cabbage is strong, and the off-season planting of overwintered products that are available around the Spring Festival yields significant profits. However, contiguous arable land is scarce in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan, and the conventional open-field monoculture model results in low land and winter light and heat utilization rates. Furthermore, there are challenges such as difficulty in overwintering and protecting the cabbage from the cold, insufficient cold resistance in seedlings, and poor matching of the harvest period with the high-price window during the Spring Festival, thus limiting the industry's development. In the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan, plum trees are planted on a large scale. As deciduous fruit trees, plums leave a large amount of idle land and sunlight resources between rows after winter dormancy and leaf fall, resulting in almost zero overall output during the winter fallow period. At the same time, the roots of young plum trees are susceptible to frost damage in winter, affecting the following year's yield. Currently, there is no low-cost, ecological solution available.

[0003] Existing intercropping techniques in plum orchards are concentrated in spring and summer, competing with plum tree growth for resources and impacting the core plum industry. There is no dedicated intercropping scheme adapted to the winter dormancy characteristics of plum trees. Differentiated strip cultivation models are not designed based on plum tree age and terrain, resulting in unreasonable density design, making it difficult to balance yield and quality. There is also no precise management scheme for overwintering cultivation phenology in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan. The staggered distribution characteristics of plum and cabbage root systems are not utilized, and blindly deep cultivation can easily damage the fruit tree root system. Conventional cabbage seedling cultivation relies on non-renewable peat substrate, which is costly and results in poor cold resistance of seedlings. A large amount of oak and linden wood residue for wood ear fungus cultivation in northern Sichuan is discarded at will, wasting resources and polluting the environment, and resource-based seedling utilization has not yet been achieved.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies lack a systematic approach to cultivating crisp, sweet, and crunchy cabbage in the off-season and layered plum orchards of northern Sichuan, making it difficult to simultaneously address the aforementioned core challenges and hindering the improvement of overall plum orchard benefits and farmers' income during the winter off-season. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for cultivating crisp and sweet-quality head cabbage in staggered seasons and layers using the conditions of mountain plum orchards.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A method for cultivating crisp and sweet-quality head cabbage using off-season and off-layer cultivation in mountain plum orchards is provided, comprising the following steps: S1: One month after the plum fruit is harvested, prepare the seedling substrate for head cabbage. After sterilizing the substrate, fill it into the seedling trays and water it to maintain the substrate moisture at 80-90%. S2: Between the solar terms of Autumnal Equinox and White Dew, sow the seeds of heading cabbage into seedling trays filled with substrate, cultivate seedlings that are 10-15cm tall, and harden off the seedlings for 3-5 days; S3: Turn over the planting strip between the rows of plum trees, fertilize the planting strip, cover it with mulch, and dig planting holes; S4: After hardening off, transplant the seedlings with soil to the planting holes, compact the soil and water them. Harvest the cabbage after it has matured.

[0007] Furthermore, the seedling substrate for head cabbage is prepared by mixing peat moss, vermiculite, and linden wood chips in a mass ratio of 3:1:1.

[0008] Furthermore, the linden wood chips are obtained by crushing linden wood from oak trees after black fungus cultivation.

[0009] After being decomposed by black fungus mycelium, the lignocellulose in oak wood is effectively degraded and transformed into organic matter and nutrients that are more easily utilized by plants. The oak wood residue contains a large amount of incompletely utilized mycelial protein, polysaccharides, and lignocellulose decomposition products. After slow decomposition by microorganisms, it can continuously provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various trace elements to cabbage, promoting stronger cabbage seedlings and improving the stress resistance and cold resistance of crisp and sweet cabbage plants. At the same time, as oak wood is a major raw material for black fungus cultivation in mountainous areas, using its waste residue for cabbage seedling cultivation not only provides an excellent organic substrate for the growth of crisp and sweet cabbage and supplements various nutrients, but also reduces costs and improves the soil.

[0010] Furthermore, the row spacing of the plum trees is 4m.

[0011] Furthermore, the width of the planting strip is 1.5~2m.

[0012] Furthermore, the plant spacing for head cabbage is 40cm.

[0013] Furthermore, head cabbage is planted in 2-4 rows in the planting strip. When planting row 2, the distance between the two rows is 70cm; when planting row 3, the distance between the two rows is 60cm; and when planting row 4, the distance between the two rows is 45cm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, during the turning process, the turning depth is 10~20cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, during seedling cultivation, the substrate humidity is maintained at 80-90%, the air humidity at 70-80%, and the air temperature at 15℃-25℃.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2, the seedling hardening process specifically involves placing the seedlings at an altitude of 400 meters, maintaining daily diffused light exposure, and keeping the substrate moisture at 70-90% and the air humidity at 70-80%.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as resource waste during the winter fallow period in plum orchards in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan and poor adaptability of overwintering, off-season heading cabbage cultivation. It constructs a high-yield, off-season, layered, crisp and sweet heading cabbage cultivation system adapted to mountainous plum orchards, achieving multiple beneficial effects. This invention precisely matches the growth rhythm of plum trees during their winter dormancy and leaf fall, enabling intercropping during the winter fallow period. This completely avoids impacting the core plum industry, significantly improves land and light energy utilization during the winter fallow period in plum orchards, and simultaneously achieves ecological cold protection for plum tree roots, significantly reducing the incidence of winter frost damage in young plum trees and promoting the symbiotic and mutually beneficial relationship between fruit and vegetables.

[0018] This invention utilizes differentiated strip cultivation models adapted to different tree ages and terrains to ensure adequate light exposure and head quality for individual cabbage plants, significantly increasing yield per unit area. Combined with precise phenological management, it ensures stable market availability during the peak season before the Spring Festival, significantly improving overall planting returns. Furthermore, this invention designs a cultivation scheme based on the staggered root systems of plum and cabbage, completely avoiding damage to fruit tree roots caused by intercropping. It innovatively uses oak linden wood residue to prepare seedling substrate, achieving resource utilization of agricultural waste. This reduces seedling costs, significantly improves seedling cold resistance and the crisp, sweet quality of cabbage, and the soil-in-planting method also improves plum orchard soil, resulting in significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0020] Example This embodiment uses the cabbage variety "Ganza No. 8" which is cultivated in mid-winter. In specific implementation, other cabbage varieties cultivated in winter, such as "Ganza No. 9", "Ganza No. 10" or "Ganza New No. 1", can also be used. It is implemented in a mountain plum orchard in northern Sichuan at an altitude of 400-800m, where the plum tree rows are 4m wide.

[0021] A method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using the conditions of a mountain plum orchard includes the following steps: S1: One month after the plum fruit is harvested, prepare the seedling substrate for head cabbage. After sterilizing the substrate, fill it into the seedling tray and water it to keep the substrate humidity at 80-90%. The seedling substrate for head cabbage is prepared by mixing peat moss, vermiculite and linden wood residue in a mass ratio of 3:1:1. The linden wood residue is made by crushing oak linden wood after black fungus cultivation.

[0022] S2: Between the solar terms of End of Heat and White Dew, that is, from the end of August to the beginning of September, sow the seeds of heading cabbage into seedling trays filled with substrate. Maintain the substrate moisture content at 80-90%, the air humidity at 70-80%, and the air temperature at 15℃-25℃. Cultivate seedlings that are 10-15cm tall. Place the seedlings at an altitude of 400 meters for hardening off for 3-5 days. During hardening off, ensure that the seedlings receive diffused light every day and maintain the substrate moisture content at 70-90% and the air humidity at 70-80%. After the hardening-off period, the plum trees in northern Sichuan are in a dormant period and the leaves have fallen. After further pruning, there is more light between the rows, which is very suitable for intercropping. S3: Turn over the planting strip between the plum tree rows, turning it 10-20cm deep. Apply 1 ton of organic fertilizer per acre to the planting strip on the main rows and mix it evenly until the planting rows are filled. Then cover with mulch and dig planting holes. The width of the planting strip is 1.5-2m. When digging the planting holes, the plant spacing of the head cabbage should be 40cm. Plant 2-4 rows of head cabbage in the planting strip. When planting row 2, the spacing between the two rows is 70cm; when planting row 3, the spacing between the two rows is 60cm; when planting row 4, the spacing between the two rows is 45cm.

[0023] S4: Transplant the hardened seedlings with soil to planting holes one week before the Cold Dew solar term. Firm the soil and water. Strengthen pest and disease management during the cultivation process. Diseases are less likely to occur in winter. Prevention and control of cabbage caterpillars are the main methods, using manual removal or free-range chickens to control them. Pay attention to the low temperature and drought conditions that may occur in valleys and higher altitude areas. Strengthen water and fertilizer management before the onset of low temperatures to retain moisture and keep warm. Harvest after the head cabbage has matured.

[0024] To verify the effectiveness of the present invention, conventional spring ridging and autumn / winter ridging methods were used to plant head cabbage. The sowing density and management methods after transplanting seedlings were the same. The yield per mu of the three methods were counted. At the same time, healthy head cabbages planted by the three methods were collected and their soluble sugar content was tested. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1

[0025] As shown in Table 1, the cultivation method of this invention exhibits significant advantages in stable yield and improved quality compared to conventional techniques. In terms of yield, the yield of headed cabbage using this invention reaches 3122 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), a 4.8% increase compared to conventional autumn / winter ridge cultivation with the same overwintering crop, thus addressing the low yield issue of traditional off-season overwintering cultivation. Regarding quality, the soluble sugar content of the product from this invention reaches 3.4%, representing increases of 9.7% and 21.4% compared to conventional autumn / winter and spring ridge cultivation, respectively. The product also boasts a crisp and sweet taste, significantly superior to both conventional methods, demonstrating outstanding commercial quality. This invention, while adapting to off-season cultivation during the winter fallow period in mountain plum orchards, simultaneously achieves a double improvement in the yield and quality of overwintering headed cabbage, combining the premium advantage of off-season market entry with the value of large-scale application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating crisp and sweet-quality head cabbage in staggered seasons and layers using the conditions of a mountain plum orchard, characterized in that... The specific steps are as follows: S1: One month after the plum fruit is harvested, prepare the seedling substrate for head cabbage. After sterilizing the substrate, fill it into the seedling trays and water it to maintain the substrate moisture at 80-90%. S2: Between the solar terms of Autumnal Equinox and White Dew, sow the seeds of heading cabbage into seedling trays filled with substrate, cultivate seedlings that are 10-15cm tall, and harden off the seedlings for 3-5 days; S3: Turn over the planting strip between the rows of plum trees, fertilize the planting strip, cover it with mulch, and dig planting holes; S4: After hardening off, transplant the seedlings with soil to the planting holes, compact the soil and water them. Harvest the cabbage after it has matured.

2. The method for cultivating crisp and sweet-quality head cabbage using off-season and staggered cultivation conditions in mountain plum orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling substrate for head cabbage is prepared by mixing peat moss, vermiculite, and linden wood chips in a mass ratio of 3:1:

1.

3. The method for cultivating crisp and sweet-quality head cabbage in staggered seasons and layers using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that... The linden wood residue is obtained by crushing oak linden wood after black fungus cultivation.

4. The method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The row spacing of the plum trees is 4m.

5. The method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the planting strip is 1.5~2m.

6. The method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the heads of the cabbage was 40 cm.

7. The method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Heading cabbages are planted in 2-4 rows in the planting strip. When planting row 2, the distance between the two rows is 70cm; when planting row 3, the distance between the two rows is 60cm; and when planting row 4, the distance between the two rows is 45cm.

8. The method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3, during the turning process, the turning depth is 10~20cm.

9. The method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, during seedling cultivation, maintain substrate humidity at 80-90%, air humidity at 70-80%, and air temperature at 15-25℃.

10. The method for high-yield cultivation of head cabbage using mountain plum orchard conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the seedling hardening process specifically involves placing the seedlings at an altitude of 400 meters, ensuring daily exposure to diffused light, and maintaining a substrate humidity of 70-90% and an air humidity of 70-80%.

Images