Fly ash-based vegetation type modular windbreak and sand-fixation barrier component

Abstract

The application discloses a fly ash-based vegetation type modular wind-preventing and sand-fixing sand barrier component and belongs to the technical field of desertification prevention and ecological restoration engineering; the component is formed by splicing a plurality of lattice units; the unit comprises a hollow fly ash pipe and fly ash plates connected between the hollow fly ash pipe; and the modular assembly is realized through convex grooves and connecting rods; a seed bag containing soil, fertilizer and seeds is prearranged in the hollow fly ash pipe; and air-permeable and water-permeable holes are formed in the lower part of the pipe wall; the application takes fly ash as a main raw material, is low in cost and environment-friendly; the structure is modular, convenient to assemble and adaptable to topography; the application can effectively improve the survival rate of vegetation and has strong sand-fixing durability by combining physical sand fixation and ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of desertification control and ecological restoration engineering technology, specifically to a modular sand barrier component made from industrial solid waste that combines windbreak and sand fixation with vegetation restoration functions. Background Technology

[0002] Land desertification has become a major environmental problem that restricts global ecological security and sustainable development. The construction of sand barriers, as a core engineering measure to fix shifting sand and stabilize the sand surface, occupies an irreplaceable position in desertification control.

[0003] Currently, commonly used windbreak and sand-fixing methods both domestically and internationally fall into two main categories: one is to use natural materials such as straw, clay, and gravel to set up sand barriers or build simple fences and baffle structures. While these traditional measures have played a role in windbreak and sand control to some extent, their limitations are also quite obvious: for example, straw-based sand barriers degrade quickly and have poor durability, making them easily damaged in windy and sandy environments, requiring frequent replacement and maintenance, resulting in high maintenance costs in the later stages; while hard sand barriers such as concrete or stone have high strength, the material procurement and transportation costs are huge, and these closed solid structures often block the exchange of water and air in the sandy land, damaging the soil's permeability and air-water permeability, seriously hindering the natural settlement and reproduction of psammophytes, and hindering the self-repair of the ecosystem.

[0004] To achieve the goal of resource recycling through "waste control," the preparation of sand-control materials using industrial solid waste such as fly ash has become a research hotspot in this field in recent years. Existing technologies typically mix fly ash with cementitious materials such as cement and then use a casting process to prepare solid blocks or slab components. However, in-depth analysis has revealed that these existing fly ash-based sand barriers still face the following pressing technical challenges in practical applications: First, the structure is bulky and has poor construction adaptability. The existing solid fly ash blocks or slabs are heavy, resulting in high transportation costs in the heart of the desert, and on-site installation is inconvenient, making it difficult to carry out large-scale, high-efficiency laying on complex and undulating sand dune terrain.

[0005] Second, the existing components are mostly closed solid structures, which only have the function of physical sand blocking. They have failed to effectively solve the problem of vegetation establishment in the microenvironment inside and around the sand barrier, making it difficult to achieve the organic combination of "engineering sand fixation" and "biological sand fixation", and the synergistic effect of ecological restoration is weak.

[0006] Third, the connections are unreliable and the modularity is low. Existing fly ash sand barriers mostly adopt integral casting or simple stacking methods, lacking standardized modular connection interfaces. This connection method has poor overall integrity, is difficult to resist strong wind erosion, and is not convenient for later local adjustments, replacements, or the repeated recycling of components.

[0007] In summary, developing a new type of windbreak and sand-fixing component that can fully utilize industrial solid waste such as fly ash to reduce costs, possess a lightweight, high-strength modular connection structure to adapt to complex terrain and enable rapid construction, and simultaneously create favorable conditions for plant growth to promote ecological restoration is a key technological bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome in the field of desertification control and ecological restoration engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fly ash-based, vegetation-based modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component includes several interconnected grid units, each grid unit having the same polygonal structure. Each grid unit includes multiple hollow fly ash pipes, and a fly ash board is connected between any two adjacent hollow fly ash pipes. Any two adjacent grid units may share a single fly ash board; The outer wall of the hollow fly ash pipe is provided with a groove, and the two ends of the fly ash plate are provided with connecting rods that are adapted to the groove. The hollow fly ash pipe is equipped with a seed pack inside, which includes soil, fertilizer, seeds of psammophytic plants, water-retaining agent, humus and microbial inoculant; The lower part of the hollow fly ash pipe has several air and water permeable holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the hollow fly ash pipe and / or the fly ash board are both made from the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: fly ash 30%-50%; Cement 15%-25%; Aggregate 20%-35%; Composite activator 2%-5%; Reinforcing fiber content: 0.2%-0.5%.

[0011] Furthermore, the seeds of the desert plants (5) are selected from at least one of Artemisia argyi, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Caragana korshinskii, or combined with crusting biospores suitable for local growth.

[0012] Furthermore, the microbial agent contains at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

[0013] Furthermore, the hollow fly ash pipe (2) has a diameter of 0.2 m and a height of 0.25 m, of which 0.08 m is buried in the sand layer and 0.17 m is exposed. The fly ash board (3) is 1m long, 0.1m thick, and 0.25m high, of which 0.08m is buried in the sand layer and 0.17m is exposed.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of the air-permeable and water-permeable hole (8) is 0.005m to 0.015m.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation method of the hollow fly ash pipe (2) and / or the fly ash board (3) includes the following steps: S1. Dry mix fly ash, cement, aggregate and composite activator evenly, then add reinforcing fiber and disperse it, then add water at a water-binder ratio of 0.25–0.35 and stir to form a uniform mixture; S2. Inject the mixture into the corresponding tubular and / or plate mold, compact and smooth it, and then let it stand in a humid environment for 24–48 hours for curing before demolding. S3. After demolding, the components shall be wet-cured under conditions of humidity not less than 95% for a period of not less than 7 days.

[0016] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned fly ash-based vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component in desertification control.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention uses industrial solid waste such as fly ash as the main raw material to prepare high-performance composite materials through a specific formula. This not only significantly reduces production costs but also solves the environmental problems caused by solid waste storage, realizing "waste-based desertification control" and high-value utilization of materials. Combined with reinforcing fibers and composite activators, the components possess both high strength and weather resistance, resulting in a long service life.

[0018] Employing a plug-in modular design with hollow tubes and side plates, the structure is lightweight and easy to transport in the heart of the desert. It can be quickly assembled on-site without the need for large machinery and can flexibly adapt to undulating dune terrain. Furthermore, the detachable connections allow for partial replacement of components and cross-regional reuse, significantly reducing the total lifecycle cost.

[0019] By pre-filling seed packets containing integrated water-retaining agents, microbial agents, and soil inside hollow tubes, and combining this with the design of permeable and breathable holes in the tube walls, a microenvironment conducive to plant germination and root growth is created. This design effectively overcomes the problem of low survival rates in traditional sand barrier vegetation, simultaneously initiating ecological restoration while physically fixing sand, and achieving a natural transition and sustainable development from "engineering sand fixation" to "biological sand fixation."

[0020] Furthermore, through systematic comparative experiments, the sand barrier components provided by this invention significantly outperform traditional solid block sand barriers and straw checkerboard sand barriers in terms of windbreak and sand fixation efficiency, vegetation establishment success rate, and engineering and ecological synergy stability. Specifically, under the same wind speed conditions, the wind speed attenuation rate behind the grid is higher, and the sand accumulation per unit area is greater. For example, at a wind speed of 10 m / s, the wind speed attenuation rate of this invention reaches 65.2%, and the sand accumulation per grid reaches 8.5 kg, which are approximately 5.1% and 19.7% higher than solid block sand barriers under the same conditions, and approximately 9.4% and 34.9% higher than straw checkerboard sand barriers, respectively. The germination rate and survival rate of plants with built-in seed packets are significantly improved compared to conventional broadcasting methods. Experiments show that the germination rate and survival rate of the seed packs built into the components of this invention can reach 71.7% and 61.2%, respectively, which are 4.5 times and 7.8 times that of conventional broadcasting methods (germination rate 15.9%, survival rate 7.8%). The average height of the seedlings and the length of the taproot are also significantly better than those of the control group. Furthermore, as the plants grow, the root-soil-structure composite formed by the vegetation and the components can greatly enhance the overall wind erosion resistance and overturning resistance of the sand barrier system. Observational data show that the average tilt angle of the hollow tubes of the modules with vegetation growth is only 1.2°, and the average depth of the wind erosion pits around the grid is 3.1 cm, which is significantly better than the 3.7° and 4.4 cm of the modules without vegetation, and the stability is significantly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component of the present invention in a quadrilateral layout scheme. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the seed package in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a hollow fly ash pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fly ash board in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component in a quadrilateral layout according to the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Grid unit; 2. Hollow fly ash pipe; 3. Fly ash board; 4. Groove; 5. Seeds of psammophytic plants; 6. Connecting rods; 7. Seed pack; 8. Air and water permeable holes. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides a fly ash-based, vegetation-integrated modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component, such as... Figures 1-5 As shown, the sand barrier component is mainly composed of several interconnected grid units 1. In this embodiment, in order to adapt to the management of most flat or gently sloping sandy areas, the grid unit 1 is preferably designed as a square structure.

[0026] Specifically, each grid unit 1 includes four upright hollow fly ash pipes 2, which are located at the four corners of the square and serve as corner posts. Fly ash boards 3 connect adjacent hollow fly ash pipes 2 as side panels. To improve structural integrity and save materials, when multiple grid units 1 are continuously spliced ​​together to form a large-area sand barrier, adjacent grid units 1 can share a single fly ash board 3.

[0027] To achieve rapid and robust modular assembly, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the hollow fly ash pipe 2 has grooves 4 around its outer wall, and the fly ash board 3 has connecting rods 6 at both ends that are compatible with the grooves 4. During construction, the connecting rods 6 at both ends of the fly ash board 3 are simply aligned and inserted into the grooves 4 of the hollow fly ash pipe 2 to achieve a detachable fixed connection. This "pipe-board" insertion structure requires no large mechanical assistance and can adapt to the slight undulations of sand dune terrain.

[0028] Regarding the specific dimensions of the components, this embodiment preferably specifies: the hollow fly ash pipe 2 has a diameter of 0.2m and a total height of 0.25m. During actual installation, 0.08m is buried within the sand layer to ensure the stability of the component, with the remaining 0.17m exposed above the sand surface to block windblown sand. The fly ash board 3 has a length of 1m, a thickness of 0.1m, and a height consistent with the hollow fly ash pipe 2, also 0.25m. Its burial depth is the same as the pipe body, also 0.08m.

[0029] This invention integrates ecological restoration functions. For example... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the hollow fly ash pipe 2 has a pre-installed seed pack 7 inside. The seed pack 7 contains the necessary conditions for the growth of psammophytic plants, specifically including a soil layer, fertilizer, psammophytic plant seeds 5, water-retaining agent, humus, and microbial inoculants.

[0030] In addition, to ensure the respiration and water absorption of the plant roots inside the seed pack 7, several air and water permeable holes 8 are provided in the lower part of the hollow fly ash pipe 2 (i.e., the part buried in the sand). These holes allow moisture and air from the external sand to enter the pipe, while also facilitating the plant roots to extend out of the pipe and penetrate the sand, thus enhancing the sand-fixing effect. Preferably, the diameter of the air and water permeable holes 8 is 0.005m to 0.015m, which ensures both water and air exchange and prevents excessive sand from entering and clogging the pipe cavity.

[0031] Example 2 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, specifically defines the raw material composition for manufacturing the sand barrier components. Both the hollow fly ash pipe 2 and the fly ash board 3 are made from the following raw materials by mass percentage: Fly ash: 30%-50%; Cement: 15%-25%; Aggregate: 20%-35%; Composite activator: 2%-5%; Reinforcing fiber: 0.2%-0.5%.

[0032] The sum of the mass percentages of the above raw materials is 100%.

[0033] Among them, fly ash, as the main base material, realizes the resource utilization of industrial solid waste; cement, as a cementing material, provides strength; aggregates (such as sand and gravel) increase volume and stability; composite activators are used to activate the potential activity of fly ash; and reinforcing fibers (such as polypropylene fibers, glass fibers, etc.) significantly improve the crack resistance and toughness of components, making them less prone to damage in harsh desert environments.

[0034] Example 3 This embodiment describes in detail the preparation method of hollow fly ash pipe 2 and fly ash board 3, including the following steps: S1. According to the proportions in Example 2, fly ash, cement, aggregate and composite activator are put into a mixer and dry-mixed evenly to ensure no lumps; then reinforcing fibers are added and fully dispersed to prevent fiber agglomeration; finally, an appropriate amount of water is added at a water-binder ratio of 0.25–0.35, and stirring is continued to form a uniform mixture.

[0035] S2. Inject the prepared mixture into the corresponding tubular or plate mold. After injection molding, compact it on a vibrating table and smooth the surface to eliminate air bubbles and ensure a smooth surface. Then, let it cure in a humid environment (relative humidity > 90%) for 24–48 hours. After the component has hardened to a certain strength, demold it.

[0036] S3. Transfer the demolded components to a curing room or cover them with plastic film for wet curing. The ambient humidity should not be lower than 95%, and the curing time should not be less than 7 days to ensure that the strength of the components meets the design requirements.

[0037] The above-mentioned factory prefabrication process can strictly control the quality of components, making them strong, weather-resistant, and able to effectively resist wind and sand erosion.

[0038] Example 4 This embodiment further explains the specific contents of seed package 7.

[0039] To improve the survival rate of plants in arid environments, seeds of psammophytic plants should preferably be selected from drought-resistant and barren-tolerant native species, such as at least one of Artemisia arenaria, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Caragana korshinskii. In addition, to accelerate the formation of crusts on the sand surface, the seed packet can also contain crust-forming biospores suitable for local growth (such as cyanobacteria, lichens, etc.).

[0040] The preferred water-retaining agent is a highly absorbent resin, which can absorb hundreds of times its own weight in water and slowly release it during drought, providing a continuous water supply for seed germination and seedling growth.

[0041] Microbial inoculants mainly contain at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. These functional bacteria can reproduce in the rhizosphere, improve the rhizosphere microenvironment, and activate nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients fixed in the soil, thereby promoting the growth of psammophytes.

[0042] Example 5 This embodiment demonstrates the flexible application of the sand barrier component of the present invention under different terrain conditions.

[0043] Although a square grid unit 1 is described in Example 1, in practical applications, the grid unit 1 can also be designed as a polygonal structure such as a triangle, pentagon, or hexagon, depending on the area of ​​the governance area and the terrain features.

[0044] For example, in areas with steep dune slopes, shorter fly ash boards 3, such as those with a length of 0.8m or 0.6m, can be used to increase the flexibility of splicing and make them fit the curve of the sand surface more closely.

[0045] During construction, the grid positions are first planned on the sand, then the hollow fly ash pipes 2 are buried in the sand pits at the predetermined depth, and then the fly ash boards 3 are inserted and connected to form a continuous protective grid (such as...). Figure 5 (As shown). As the wind blows and sand accumulates, sand gradually builds up inside the sand barrier. At this time, the seed packets 7 inside the hollow tubes begin to germinate using the accumulated rainwater and soil moisture conducted through the tube walls, thanks to the air and water permeability holes 8. Plant roots not only penetrate deep into the ground through the air and water permeability holes 8 to reinforce the sand, but vegetation also grows above ground, ultimately forming a three-dimensional protective system where physical sand barriers and plant roots intertwine.

[0046] Once the sand surface is stable and the vegetation community is fully established, the modular sand barrier components can be disassembled and transferred to a new treatment area for reuse, which greatly reduces engineering costs and is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0047] In summary, this invention effectively solves the technical problems of high cost, difficult construction, and weak ecological restoration capacity of existing sand barrier materials by organically combining fly ash-based materials, modular plug-in structure, and built-in seed ecosystem, and has broad application prospects.

[0048] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0049] Example 6 This embodiment compares the windbreak and sand-fixing performance of the sand barrier component of the present invention (experimental group), the traditional solid fly ash block sand barrier (control group 1), and the straw checkerboard sand barrier (control group 2) through wind tunnel simulation tests.

[0050] Experimental setup: Test sand of the same particle size was laid in the wind tunnel test section. All three sand barriers were arranged in a 1m × 1m grid pattern, with 0.17m of the barrier height exposed. The experimental group used the components of this invention (hollow tube + plate, with ordinary sand without seed packets inside the tube). Control group 1 used solid blocks (0.2m × 0.2m × 0.25m) with the same raw material ratio. Control group 2 used straw squares with a specification of 1m × 1m. The test wind speeds were set at 10m / s, 15m / s, and 20m / s, with each wind speed blowing for 30 minutes.

[0051] Observation indicators: Measure the wind speed attenuation rate at a height of 5 times the barrier height downwind of the sand barrier grid; measure the amount of sand accumulated in each grid after the experiment.

[0052] The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0053] Results Analysis: Data shows that under various test wind speeds, the wind speed attenuation rate and sand accumulation of the sand barrier component of this invention are significantly higher than those of the two traditional sand barriers. This is attributed to its combined structure of hollow tubes and plates, which more effectively disrupts wind and sand flow, reduces near-surface wind speed, and the vortex zone formed behind the hollow tubes is more conducive to sand particle settling. This confirms the superiority of this invention in physical sand-blocking performance.

[0054] Table 1 Comparison of the windbreak and sand-fixing effects of different sand barriers

[0055] Example 7 This embodiment compares the vegetation restoration effect of the sand barrier component (with built-in seed pack) of the present invention with that of conventional direct seeding through field experiments.

[0056] Experimental Setup: Two 20m × 20m experimental areas were set up on shifting sand dunes with identical site conditions. Experimental Area: The sand barrier components of this invention (grid unit 1 is square) were laid out, and a complete seed packet 7 (seeds are Haloxylon ammodendron) as described in Example 4 was pre-placed inside the hollow fly ash pipe 2. Control Area: No sand barrier was set up. Equal amounts of Haloxylon ammodendron seeds were mixed with equal amounts of water-retaining agent and humus, and then directly sown on the sand surface and lightly covered with sand. Both areas utilized natural rainfall without artificial irrigation.

[0057] Observation indicators: Seedling emergence rate was investigated on the 30th day after sowing; survival rate was investigated on the 180th day, and the average plant height and taproot length of surviving plants were measured.

[0058] The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0059] Results Analysis: The germination and survival rates of the seed packets built into the sand barrier component of this invention far exceeded those of direct sowing. Its hollow tube structure provides a microenvironment for seed germination, offering shade, wind protection, and moisture retention; the permeable pores ensure water supply and gas exchange; and the tube body effectively prevents seeds from being blown away by the wind or buried too deeply in the sand. Simultaneously, the growth indicators of the surviving plants were significantly better than the control group, indicating that the component provides continuous support for early seedling growth. This fully demonstrates the outstanding effect of this invention in simultaneously initiating and promoting ecological restoration.

[0060] Table 2 Comparison of vegetation restoration effects of different planting methods

[0061] Example 8 This embodiment verifies the role of vegetation growth in enhancing the structural stability of sand barriers by observing sand barriers that have been laid for a period of time.

[0062] Experimental setup: A sand barrier area of ​​the present invention, which was laid six months prior, was selected. Some grid units contained well-grown plants (Haloxylon ammodendron) (vegetation group), while other grid units remained unvegetated due to ungerminated seeds (no vegetation group). After the windy season, field measurements were taken on both groups of sand barriers.

[0063] Observation indicators: assess the structural integrity of the sand barrier components (whether the pipes and plates are intact and whether the connections are loose); measure the tilt angle of the hollow fly ash pipe 2 to characterize its overturning resistance; measure the depth of the wind erosion pits around the grid to characterize the system's wind erosion resistance.

[0064] The experimental results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0065] Results Analysis: Data shows that the structural stability of sand barrier components with vegetation is significantly better than that of modules without vegetation. The well-developed root systems of plants extend through the air and water permeable holes and wrap around the sand barrier, tightly integrating with the sand and soil to form a "root-soil-structure" composite, greatly enhancing the components' resistance to uplift and overturning. Simultaneously, vegetation cover effectively reduces wind erosion around the grid. This demonstrates that the engineering and biological sand-fixing functions of this invention have a significant synergistic effect; over time, the system's stability increases rather than decreases, achieving the goal of sustainable desertification control.

[0066] Table 3 Comparison of sand barrier stability with and without vegetation growth

Claims

1. A fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component, characterized in that, It includes several interlocking grid units (1), each grid unit (1) having the same polygonal structure, the grid unit (1) including multiple hollow fly ash pipes (2), and fly ash plates (3) connecting any two adjacent hollow fly ash pipes (2). Any two adjacent grid units (1) may share a fly ash board (3); The outer wall of the hollow fly ash pipe (2) is provided with a groove (4), and the two ends of the fly ash plate (3) are provided with connecting rods (6) that are adapted to the groove (4). The hollow fly ash pipe (2) is equipped with a seed pack (7) inside, which includes soil, fertilizer, psammophyte seeds (5), water-retaining agent, humus and microbial agent; The lower part of the hollow fly ash pipe (2) has several air and water permeable holes (8).

2. The fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow fly ash pipe (2) and / or the fly ash board (3) are both made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: fly ash 30%-50%; Cement 15%-25%; Aggregate 20%-35%; Composite activator 2%-5%; Reinforcing fiber content: 0.2%-0.5%.

3. The fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seeds of the desert plants (5) are selected from at least one of Artemisia argyi, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Caragana korshinskii, or combined with crust-forming biospores suitable for local growth.

4. The fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial agent contains at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

5. The fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow fly ash pipe (2) has a diameter of 0.2 m and a height of 0.25 m, of which 0.08 m is buried in the sand layer and 0.17 m is exposed. The fly ash board (3) is 1m long, 0.1m thick, and 0.25m high, of which 0.08m is buried in the sand layer and 0.17m is exposed.

6. The fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the air-permeable and water-permeable hole (8) is 0.005m to 0.015m.

7. The fly ash-based, vegetation-type modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the hollow fly ash pipe (2) and / or the fly ash board (3) includes the following steps: S1. Dry mix fly ash, cement, aggregate and composite activator evenly, then add reinforcing fiber and disperse it, then add water at a water-binder ratio of 0.25–0.35 and stir to form a uniform mixture; S2. Inject the mixture into the corresponding tubular and / or plate mold, compact and smooth it, and then let it stand in a humid environment for 24–48 hours for curing before demolding. S3. After demolding, the components shall be wet-cured under conditions of humidity not less than 95% for a period of not less than 7 days.

8. The application of a fly ash-based vegetated modular windbreak and sand-fixing barrier component as described in any one of claims 1-7 in desertification control.

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