Support device and anchoring device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a supporting device, an anchor protection equipment and an anchor protection method. The supporting device comprises a supporting mechanism and a protection mechanism. The supporting mechanism comprises a rear support structure, an oil cylinder base, a sliding table structure, an angle adjusting structure, a front support structure and a total supporting mechanism. The oil cylinder base is provided with the rear support structure at the rear side and is provided with the sliding table structure on the upper side. The sliding table structure is configured to drive the sliding table structure sliding seat to slide forward and backward. The sliding table structure sliding seat is connected with the front support structure. The total supporting mechanism is arranged on the front support structure and comprises a plurality of branch supporting units. The branch supporting units are independently operated. Each branch supporting unit comprises at least two branch supporting unit output ends arranged on the two sides of the front support structure. The protection mechanism output end can form a barrier. The application has the beneficial effects that the complex roof can be supported at multiple angles and effectively closely in the roof broken area or the uneven roof area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine tunneling technology, and more particularly to support devices, anchoring equipment, and anchoring methods. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, temporary support for underground coal mine tunneling faces mainly relies on traditional machine-mounted support systems with integrated roadheader-anchor mechanisms. Chinese patent document CN112145193A discloses a machine-mounted integrated roadheader-anchor device and its usage method, comprising a support mechanism, an anchoring mechanism, an operating platform, and a temporary support mechanism. The support mechanism is installed on top of the cantilever roadheader's rotary table, with one end connected to the top of the rotary table and the other end being a free end. The anchoring mechanism and the operating platform are both located at the free end of the support mechanism. The temporary support mechanism is installed above the cutting section of the cantilever roadheader.

[0003] This device is installed on the cutting arm of the tunneling machine and relies on the machine's hydraulic system for power. Due to space constraints, it adopts a planar cantilever design, which has significant drawbacks: it is difficult to effectively adhere to the surrounding rock when the roof breaks, and the increased pressure on the roof can easily lead to insufficient support, strength reduction, or even collapse along with the roof; it cannot achieve full-section protection, and there are safety blind spots at the face and sides; adjusting the support position requires the evacuation of workers before coordinating the tunneling machine operation, which is cumbersome and inefficient. At the same time, the device also obstructs the tunneling machine operator's view and limits the cutting width, interfering with tunneling operations. It is no longer suitable for complex geological conditions and the need for efficient tunneling.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the issue that the machine-mounted support of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine cannot adapt to complex geological conditions and tunneling requirements.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] This invention claims a protective support device, including a support mechanism and a protective mechanism; the support mechanism includes a rear support structure, a cylinder base, a slide structure, an angle adjustment structure, a front support structure, and a main support mechanism; there are at least two cylinder bases, a rear support structure is provided on the rear side of the cylinder base, and a slide structure is provided on each cylinder base, the slide structure is configured to drive the slide block to slide forward and backward, the slide block connects to the front support structure, and the angle adjustment structure is configured to drive the front support structure to rotate forward and backward around the connection point; A main support mechanism is provided on the front support structure. The main support mechanism includes several branch support units. Each branch support unit includes at least two branch support unit output ends located on both sides of the front support structure. The angle of the branch support unit output ends is adjustable along the front and rear. A protective mechanism is provided on the front side of the front support structure. The output end of the protective mechanism is configured to be rolled up or unfolded. When unfolded, it forms a barrier.

[0008] The roof is supported in a step-by-step manner through a front support structure, a rear support mechanism, and a sliding platform structure. To further enhance the support effect, firstly, an angle-adjusting structure is incorporated to tilt the front support structure, allowing it to better conform to the complex working conditions. This enables the protective mesh of the protective mechanism to cover the working surface, acting as a barrier. Secondly, several branch support units are integrated, allowing their output ends to adaptively adjust the support for different roof shapes. This improved fit with the roof enhances the uniformity of support and stress stability. It is crucial to emphasize that these two systems do not operate independently but rather work together in a coordinated manner to ensure effective support for the roof and working surface.

[0009] Preferably, the main support mechanism also includes a transverse slide rail. The front support structure is equipped with at least two transverse slide rails that are parallel to each other. Several branch support units are set on the transverse slide rails. The output ends of the branch support units are arranged correspondingly to the transverse slide rails. The output ends of the branch support units rotate around the corresponding transverse slide rails.

[0010] Because there are multiple branch protection units, each branch protection unit rotates around the corresponding transverse slide rail, but they operate independently of each other. While ensuring that the structure is compact and reasonable, it can also be adjusted to the corresponding state to meet different styles of roof plates, and the angle can be adjusted to provide support.

[0011] Preferably, the branch protection unit includes a support boom body, a support boom steel belt bracket, and a support boom extension cylinder. The lateral slide rail is arranged correspondingly to the support boom body. The support boom body has at least three protruding corners. The first corner of the support boom body forms a transition fit with the corresponding lateral slide rail. The second corner of the support boom body is provided with a support boom steel belt bracket. The third corner of the support boom body connects the two ends of the support boom extension cylinder. The support boom steel belt bracket forms the output end of the branch protection unit.

[0012] This means that activating the extension cylinder of the support arm can make the distance between the third corner of the rear support arm frame and the third corner of the front support arm frame closer or farther from each other, and the support arm frames can rotate around the corresponding transverse slide rails respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the protective mechanism includes a mesh roll structure, a guide rail, a guard arm cylinder, a front guard arm, and a guard arm coupling. The mesh roll structure is installed in front of the front support structure. A guide rail is installed below the transverse slide rail, and the guide rail frame is mounted on the front support structure. Several guard arm cylinders are installed on one end of the guide rail, and the guard arm cylinders are staggered from the branch guard units. The guard arm cylinders are arranged forward and downward, and the other end of the guard arm cylinders is respectively connected to the middle of the corresponding front guard arm. The top of the front guard arm is connected to the guard arm coupling, and the guard arm coupling is mounted on the front support structure. The bottom end of the front guard arm is inclined towards the mesh roll structure.

[0014] Preferably, the slide structure includes a primary slide and a secondary slide. The primary slide is set above the cylinder base and is parallel to the cylinder base, and is pushed by the first slide cylinder. The secondary slide is set on the primary slide base and is pushed forward by the second slide cylinder. The primary slide base constitutes the slide base of the slide structure.

[0015] A traverse platform is a special type of platform equipment that can move along a direction perpendicular to the working face.

[0016] Preferably, the front support structure includes a front-probing cylinder and a front-probing top beam. A second fixed seat is provided at the front end of each slide block of the slide table structure. The front-probing cylinder is interference-fitted into each of the second fixed seats, and the second fixed seats and the front-probing cylinder are connected via a transition pin, allowing the front-probing cylinder to have the freedom to swing forward and backward around the transition pin. The side wall of the front-probing cylinder is connected to the output end of an angle-adjusting cylinder, which is fixed to the front side of the slide block of the slide table structure. The angle-adjusting cylinder constitutes an angle-adjusting structure. The top ends of the front-probing cylinder are respectively connected to both ends of the front-probing top beam.

[0017] Preferably, the rear support mechanism includes a stabilizing cylinder, a connecting pin, and a straight top beam. Stabilizing cylinders are installed on the top rear side of the cylinder base, and the top of the stabilizing cylinders are connected to both ends of the straight top beam via connecting pins.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes anti-slip ribs, with at least three anti-slip ribs provided above the straight top beam, and the anti-slip ribs are parallel to the straight top beam.

[0019] The anti-slip ribs are parallel to the top beam to increase friction with the top slab and ensure support stability.

[0020] This invention claims protection for anchoring equipment employing support devices, including support devices and anchor drilling rigs, with anchor drilling rigs installed on the slide blocks of the slide structure.

[0021] This invention claims protection for an anchoring method using anchoring equipment, comprising the following steps: Drive the slide structure to the front support structure near the working surface; The rear support structure provides support to the rear side of the top slab; Activate the angle adjustment mechanism to make the front support structure fit the working surface; The front support structure supports the top plate; Each branch support unit operates independently. By adjusting the adjustment angle at the output end of the branch support unit, the main support mechanism can adaptively adjust the support for different types of roof slabs. The protective structure covers the work surface to create an operating space; The anchor drilling rig is used to install anchor bolts on the top plate and both sides.

[0022] Although the tunneling machine is separated from the support and bolt drilling machines, they still work together in a coordinated manner, with the entire process being interconnected, thus improving the safety and efficiency of the tunneling process.

[0023] The advantages of this invention are: it abandons the existing integrated tunneling and anchoring machine, and by separating the tunneling machine from the support and anchor drilling machine, it integrates the support mechanism, anchor drilling machine and protection mechanism into a whole, thus solving the problems of insufficient safety performance and insufficient power supply of the cantilever support. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the support device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the stabilizing oil cylinder and the straight top beam in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the support device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of each part of the forward-probing cylinder in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is in Embodiment 1 of the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first transverse slide rail, the second transverse slide rail, and the branch guard unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the branch protection unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring method in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; 10. Hydraulic cylinder base; 11. Anti-slip studs; 12. Stabilizing hydraulic cylinder; 13. Connecting pin; 14. Straight top beam; 15. Anti-slip ribs; 16. Primary slide table; 17. Secondary slide table; 18. Second fixed seat; 19. Obstacle clearing device; 20. Angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder; 22. Forward extension hydraulic cylinder; 23. Forward extension top beam; 24. Support arm bracket seat; 25. First transverse slide rail; 26. Second transverse slide rail; 27. Branch support unit; 270. Rear support boom frame; 271. Front support boom frame; 272. Rear support boom steel belt bracket; 273. Front support boom steel belt bracket; 274. Support boom extension cylinder; 3. Anchor bolt drilling rig; 40. Rolled wire mesh structure; 41. Guide rail; 43. Protective arm cylinder; 44. Frontal protective arm; 45. Protective arm connecting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1 This embodiment requires a protective support device, which includes three main parts: a support mechanism and a protective mechanism.

[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The support mechanism is used to fit against the roof and provides temporary support for newly excavated roadways by the tunneling machine. The support mechanism includes a cylinder base 10, anti-slip nails 11, stabilizing cylinders 12, connecting pins 13, a single-beam support 14, anti-slip ribs 15, a primary slide 16, a secondary slide 17, a second fixed seat 18, a clearing device 19, an angle-adjusting cylinder 20, a forward-protruding cylinder 22, a forward-protruding beam 23, a support arm bracket 24, a first transverse slide rail 25, a second transverse slide rail 26, and a branch support unit 27. The cylinder base 10 serves as the base of the entire support mechanism; to ensure the overall strength and stability of the device, it is preferably 2550mm thick. 500mm 30mm steel plate.

[0028] There are two cylinder bases 10, which are arranged in parallel to each other. Multiple sets of anti-slip nails 11 are provided on the bottom of each cylinder base 10. The anti-slip nails 11 are preferably figure-eight shaped anti-slip nails 11, which are used to increase friction and ensure the stable operation of the support device.

[0029] A stabilizing cylinder 12 is installed on the top of one side of each of the two cylinder bases 10. The stabilizing cylinder 12 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder with a cylinder sleeve of φ200mm and a cylinder rod of φ160mm, with a telescopic stroke of 2400mm-4800mm to ensure its supporting effect. The top of the stabilizing cylinder 12 is connected to both ends of the straight beam 14 via connecting pins 13. Specifically, connecting lugs are installed at the bottom of both ends of the straight beam 14. The connecting lugs are connected to the lug plates at the top of the stabilizing cylinder 12 via connecting pins 13, allowing the straight beam 14 to swing to both sides. An anti-rotation key is installed between the connecting pin 13 and the lug plate hole to prevent axial movement and rotation. This is a common technique for connecting the balancing jack and the top beam in mining hydraulic supports, and will not be elaborated further.

[0030] The preferred diameter for the 14-beam single-span roof is 4800mm. 300mm 30mm steel beam and 4800mm 200mm It is made of 10mm square tubing; specifically, square tubing is set at the bottom of the steel beam to form an inverted T-shape. The advantages of this design are: firstly, it ensures sufficient rigidity and dimensions to prevent the top beam from bending and deforming under the pressure of the roof slab when supported by the 14-section beam; secondly, it saves materials and reduces weight.

[0031] Three anti-slip ribs 15 are installed above the straight top beam 14. The anti-slip ribs 15 are parallel to the straight top beam 14 to increase the friction with the top plate and ensure the stability of the support.

[0032] A primary slide 16 is installed above the cylinder base 10, parallel to the cylinder base 10. The primary slide 16 is pushed forward by the first slide cylinder, with a preferred stroke of 2400mm. A triangular obstacle-clearing structure is installed at the front end of the primary slide 16, a mechanical device used for clearing triangular coal seams at the tail end of the working face, an existing device in coal mining and not described further. A secondary slide 17 is installed on the slide base of the primary slide 16. The secondary slide 17 is pushed forward by the second slide cylinder, achieving a total stroke of 4800mm, based on the sliding foundation of the primary slide 16. To ensure sufficient stroke, both the second and first slide cylinders preferably have 160mm cylinder liners and 100mm cylinder rods.

[0033] Each of the secondary slide table 17 has a second fixed seat 18 at its front end. Each second fixed seat 18 is interference-fitted with a forward-probing cylinder 22, and the second fixed seat 18 and the forward-probing cylinder 22 are connected via a transition pin, allowing the forward-probing cylinder 22 to rotate freely around the transition pin. The side wall of the forward-probing cylinder 22 is connected to the output end of an angle-adjusting cylinder 20, which is fixed to the front side of the secondary slide table 17. In this way, by adjusting the angle-adjusting cylinder 20, the forward-probing cylinder 22 can be made to rotate around the transition pin.

[0034] Furthermore, a transverse platform is installed in the middle of the forward-probing cylinder 22. This transverse platform is a special platform device capable of moving along a direction perpendicular to the working face's advance direction, preferably 1200 degrees. The 800mm lateral movement is achieved via a hydraulic motor, which is existing technology and will not be elaborated further.

[0035] The top of the forward-probing cylinder 22 is connected to both sides of the bottom of the forward-probing top beam 23. The installation method of the forward-probing top beam 23 and the forward-probing cylinder 22 is the same as that of the straight top beam 14, and will not be described again. Both ends of the forward-probing top beam 23 are fixed with support arm brackets 24. The support arm brackets 24 have an L-shaped plate structure and are perpendicular to the forward-probing top beam 23. The two support arm brackets 24 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first transverse slide rail 25 and the second transverse slide rail 26. The first transverse slide rail 25 and the second transverse slide rail 26 have the same structure, the same height, and are spaced apart from each other.

[0036] See Figures 1 to 7 Several branch support units 27 are arranged along the axial direction on the first transverse slide rail 25 and the second transverse slide rail 26. The branch support units 27 are used to adaptively adjust according to the different shapes and planes of the roof plate and fit against the roof plate to support it. Specifically, the branch support unit 27 includes a rear support arm frame 270, a front support arm frame 271, a rear support arm steel belt bracket 272, a front support arm steel belt bracket 273, and a support arm extension cylinder 274. The rear support arm frame 270 has a triangular plate structure and is preferably integrally formed by cutting a 20mm thick steel plate. A first through hole is passed through the first corner of the rear support boom 270. The first through hole is inserted and matched with the first transverse slide rail 25. A rear support boom steel strip bracket 272 is set at the second corner of the rear support boom 270. The rear support boom steel strip bracket 272 is provided with limit slots with depths of 180mm and 400mm in sequence to meet the needs of M5 / W5 type steel strip support in underground coal mines.

[0037] Similarly, the front support boom 271 and the rear support boom 270 have the same shape. The first corner of the front support boom 271 has a second through hole, which is inserted into the second transverse slide rail 26. The second corner of the front support boom 271 is provided with a rear support boom steel belt bracket 272. The third corner of the rear support boom 270 and the third corner of the front support boom 271 are located below and are respectively connected to the two ends of the support boom extension cylinder 274.

[0038] This means that activating the support arm extension cylinder 274 can cause the distance between the third corner of the rear support arm frame 270 and the third corner of the front support arm frame 271 to move closer or further apart. The support arm frames rotate around their corresponding transverse slide rails. Therefore, a single branch support unit 27 can achieve at least the following three states following the roof pattern: State 1: The front support arm frame 271 and the rear support arm frame 270 extend or retract synchronously, causing the rear support arm steel belt bracket 272 and the front support arm steel belt bracket 273 to perform synchronous and symmetrical flipping movements. State 2: The front support arm frame 271 and the rear support arm frame 270 extend or retract asynchronously. When the front support arm frame 271 extends more, the front support arm steel belt bracket 273 is higher than the rear support arm steel belt bracket 272, and they tilt to different lengths. State 3: When the rear support boom 270 extends significantly, the rear support boom steel belt bracket 272 is higher than the front support boom steel belt bracket 273, and they tilt to different lengths.

[0039] This provides point-to-point adaptive support to the corresponding positions of the roof. Furthermore, due to the presence of multiple branch support units 27, each branch support unit 27, although rotating around its corresponding transverse sliding rail, operates independently. While ensuring a compact and reasonable structure, it can also be adjusted to the appropriate state to adapt to different roof shapes, providing adaptive angle support. For extreme environmental conditions in coal mining, especially for areas with broken or uneven roofs, this system can achieve multi-angle, effective, and close support for complex roof conditions.

[0040] The protective mechanism is used to release the protective soft netting to protect the working face and prevent falling rocks and detached surrounding rock. Specifically, the protective mechanism includes a netting roll structure 40, a guide rail 41, a protective arm cylinder 42, a face-facing protective arm 43, and a protective arm connecting shaft 44. The two ends of the netting roll structure 40 are connected to the front of the support arm bracket 24 on both sides. The netting roll structure 40, also known as a netting roller, refers to a device used in coal mining to work with the netting laying device at the working face. It can realize automatic netting roll-up and cutting operations and is an existing technology.

[0041] A guide rail 41 is installed below the first transverse slide rail 25 and the second transverse slide rail 26. Both ends of the guide rail 41 are respectively installed on the support arm bracket 24. Several guard arm cylinders 42 are installed on one end of the guide rail 41. The guard arm cylinders 42 are staggered from the branch protection unit 27. The guard arm cylinders 42 are inclined forward and downward. The other end of the guard arm cylinders 42 are respectively connected to the middle of the corresponding front guard arm 43. The top of the front guard arm 43 is connected to the guard arm connecting shaft 44. Both ends of the guard arm connecting shaft 44 are respectively connected to the support arm bracket 24. The bottom end of the front guard arm 43 is inclined towards the protective soft net, and the bottom end of the front guard arm 43 is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion to prevent friction and scratching.

[0042] Furthermore, both the third corner of the rear support boom 270 and the third corner of the front support boom 271 feature a rounded transition design. During the aforementioned adjustment process, after the rear support boom steel belt bracket 272 or the front support boom steel belt bracket 273 contacts the roof, it will sink autonomously under the reaction force, while the other side will tilt upwards, forming a free and balanced roof state. When the support boom extension cylinder 274 returns to its minimum state, the guide rail 41 provides initial support and ensures that the rear support boom 270 and the front support boom 271 move within the restricted positions.

[0043] Therefore, when the mesh roll of the mesh roll structure 40 descends to initially cover the working surface, the protective arm cylinder 42 is activated, causing the protective arm cylinder 42 to extend and drive the front protective arm 43 to rotate around the protective arm connecting shaft 44 until the arc-shaped protrusion at the bottom of the front protective arm 43 presses against the surface of the mesh roll, so that the mesh roll can quickly adhere to the working surface, forming a safe isolation and protective barrier to avoid the problems of falling rocks and surrounding rock falling off, and increase its safety.

[0044] In this embodiment, the support mechanism uses a single-beam top 14, a sliding platform, and a forward-extending top beam 23 to provide step-like support to the front and rear sides of the roof. Building upon this, to achieve better support, firstly, an angle-adjusting cylinder 20 and a second fixed seat 18 are installed to tilt the forward-extending cylinder 22, allowing it to better conform to the complex working surface and enabling the protective mesh to cover the working surface, acting as a barrier. Secondly, several branch support units 27 are used in conjunction with the drive arm extension cylinders 274 to adaptively adjust the support for the rear support arm steel strip bracket 272 and the front support arm steel strip bracket 273 according to different roof shapes. This improved fit with the roof enhances the uniformity of support and stress stability. It must be emphasized that these two mechanisms do not operate independently but rather work together to ensure effective support for the roof and working surface.

[0045] Example 2 See Figure 8 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, requires protection of the anchoring equipment, including the support device and the anchor drilling rig 3.

[0046] Anchor drills 3 are installed on the slide blocks of the secondary slide table 17. The anchor drills 3 are preferably MJH-240 / 500EY type coal mine air-mounted anchor drills 3, which are used to drill holes and install anchors on the roof and two sides. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail.

[0047] Abandoning the existing integrated tunneling and anchoring machine setup, this new anchoring equipment separates the tunneling machine from the support and anchor drilling rig 3, integrating the support mechanism, anchor drilling rig 3, and protection mechanism into a single unit. This solves the problems of insufficient safety performance and power supply in cantilevered support systems. The anchoring equipment integrates multiple functions such as self-movement, support, construction platform, protection, and netting, streamlining anchoring, netting installation, and netting removal processes, reducing manual intervention. The equipment is independently installed on both sides of the working face, neither obstructing the operator's view nor limiting the tunneling machine's cutting width, ensuring efficient coordination between tunneling and support operations and facilitating rapid tunneling. Furthermore, the tunneling machine can retreat to a safe area, reserving ample operating space for support operations and comprehensively ensuring construction safety.

[0048] Example 3 See Figure 9 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, requires a protection anchoring method, including the following steps: S1. The tunneling machine advances one cycle of footage, exposing the working face, roof, and sidewalls of the tunnel in an unsupported state. S2. The tunneling machine retreats to a safe area and activates the stabilizing cylinder 12, causing the top beam 14 to rise and support the rear side of the top plate.

[0049] S3. Start the slide cylinder, so that the corresponding first-stage slide 16 and second-stage slide 17 move forward until the forward probe cylinder 22 approaches the working surface.

[0050] S4. Start the angle adjustment cylinder 20, so that the forward extension cylinder 22 rotates around the second fixed seat 18 and fits as close as possible to the working surface.

[0051] S5. Start the forward-probing cylinder 22, so that the forward-probing top beam 23 supports the front side of the top plate.

[0052] S6. Each branch support unit 27 operates independently. Adjusting the output angle of the branch support unit 27 allows the main support mechanism to adaptively adjust the support for different types of roof slabs. Specifically, the support arm extension cylinder 274 is activated, causing the distance between the third corner of the rear support arm frame 270 and the third corner of the front support arm frame 271 to move closer or further apart. The support arm frames rotate around the corresponding transverse slide rails, and can be adjusted to the corresponding state for different types of roof slabs. The adaptive adjustment angle is closely supported. The above has been detailed in the specific description and will not be repeated here.

[0053] S7. Adjust the protective mechanism to cover the working surface to form an operating space; specifically, when the roll of the roll structure 40 descends to initially cover the working surface, start the guard arm cylinder 42, so that the guard arm cylinder 42 extends and drives the front guard arm 43 to rotate around the guard arm connecting shaft 44 until the arc-shaped protrusion at the bottom of the front guard arm 43 presses against the surface of the roll.

[0054] S8. Anchor bolt drilling rig for installing anchor bolts on the top plate and two sidewalls. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail.

[0055] In this embodiment, although the tunneling machine and the support and anchor drilling rig 3 are separated, they still work together in a coordinated manner, and the entire process is carried out in a continuous manner, which together improves the safety and efficiency of the tunneling process.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support device, characterized in that, It includes a support mechanism and a protection mechanism; the support mechanism includes a rear support structure, a cylinder base (10), a slide structure, an angle adjustment structure, a front support structure and a total support mechanism; there are at least two cylinder bases (10), a rear support structure is provided on the rear side of the cylinder base (10), and a slide structure is provided on each cylinder base (10). The slide structure is configured to drive the slide block to slide along the front and back, the slide block to connect to the front support structure, and the angle adjustment structure is configured to drive the front support structure to rotate around the connection point. A main support mechanism is provided on the front support structure. The main support mechanism includes several branch protection units (27). Each branch protection unit (27) includes at least two branch protection unit (27) output ends located on both sides of the front support structure. The angle of the branch protection unit (27) output end is adjustable along the front and rear. A protective mechanism is provided on the front side of the front support structure. The output end of the protective mechanism is configured to be rolled up or unfolded, forming a barrier when unfolded.

2. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main support mechanism also includes transverse slide rails. The front support structure is equipped with at least two transverse slide rails that are parallel to each other. Several branch support units (27) are set on the transverse slide rails. The output end of the branch support unit (27) is arranged in a corresponding manner with the transverse slide rail. The output end of the branch support unit (27) rotates around the corresponding transverse slide rail.

3. The support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The branch protection unit (27) includes a support boom frame, a support boom steel belt bracket and a support boom extension cylinder (274). The lateral slide rail is arranged in a corresponding manner with the support boom frame. The support boom frame has at least three protruding corners. The first corner of the support boom frame is connected to the corresponding lateral slide rail. The second corner of the support boom frame is provided with a support boom steel belt bracket. The third corner of the support boom frame is connected to both ends of the support boom extension cylinder (274). The support boom steel belt bracket forms the output end of the branch protection unit (27).

4. The support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective mechanism includes a roll mesh structure (40), a guide rail (41), a guard arm cylinder (42), a front guard arm (43), and a guard arm connecting shaft (44). The roll mesh structure (40) is set in front of the front support structure. The guide rail (41) is set below the transverse slide rail and is mounted on the front support structure. Several guard arm cylinders (42) are set on one end of the guide rail (41). The guard arm cylinders (42) and the branch protection unit (27) are staggered. The guard arm cylinders (42) are arranged forward and downward. The other end of the guard arm cylinders (42) is connected to the middle of the corresponding front guard arm (43). The top of the front guard arm (43) is connected to the guard arm connecting shaft (44). The guard arm connecting shaft (44) is mounted on the front support structure. The bottom end of the front guard arm (43) is inclined towards the roll mesh structure (40).

5. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide structure includes a primary slide (16) and a secondary slide (17). The primary slide (16) is set above the cylinder base (10). The primary slide (16) is parallel to the cylinder base (10) and is pushed by the first slide cylinder. The secondary slide (17) is set on the slide of the primary slide (16) and is pushed forward by the second slide cylinder. The slide of the primary slide (16) constitutes the slide of the slide structure.

6. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front support structure includes a front probing cylinder (22) and a front probing top beam (23). The front end of the slide block of the slide table structure is provided with a second fixed seat (18). The front probing cylinder (22) is interference-fitted in the second fixed seat (18). The second fixed seat (18) and the front probing cylinder (22) are connected by a transition pin, so that the front probing cylinder (22) can have the freedom to swing forward and backward around the transition pin. The side wall of the front probing cylinder (22) is connected to the output end of the angle adjustment cylinder (20). The angle adjustment cylinder (20) is fixed on the front side of the slide block of the slide table structure. The angle adjustment cylinder (20) constitutes the angle adjustment structure. The top of the front probing cylinder (22) is connected to both ends of the front probing top beam (23).

7. The support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear support mechanism includes a stabilizing cylinder (12), a connecting pin (13), and a straight top beam (14). Stabilizing cylinders (12) are installed on the top rear side of the cylinder base (10). The top of the stabilizing cylinder (12) is connected to both ends of the straight top beam (14) through the connecting pin (13).

8. The support device according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes anti-slip ribs (15), and at least three anti-slip ribs (15) are set above the straight top beam (14), with the anti-slip ribs (15) parallel to the straight top beam (14).

9. An anchoring device employing the support device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Including support devices and anchor drilling rigs (3), anchor drilling rigs (3) are installed on the sliding table structure slides.

10. Anchoring method using the anchoring equipment described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Drive the slide structure to the front support structure near the working surface; The rear support structure provides support to the rear side of the top slab; Activate the angle adjustment mechanism to make the front support structure fit the working surface; The front support structure supports the top plate; Each branch support unit (27) operates independently. Adjusting the output angle of the branch support unit (27) allows the main support mechanism to adapt and adjust the support for different types of roof slabs. The protective structure covers the work surface to create an operating space; (3) Install anchor bolts on the top plate and both sides using the anchor bolt drilling rig.

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