A load type virtual power plant cost settlement method and related device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of load type virtual power plants, and discloses a load type virtual power plant cost settlement method and related devices; wherein the load type virtual power plant cost settlement method comprises the following steps: obtaining original data for deviation cost settlement based on the selected load type virtual power plant and the deviation cost settlement mechanism demand; and performing settlement by using the deviation cost settlement mechanism based on the original data to obtain a deviation cost settlement result; the deviation cost settlement mechanism comprises a medium and long term shortage recovery cost settlement mechanism, a medium and long term excess declaration recovery cost settlement mechanism, a medium and long term curve deviation recovery cost settlement mechanism, and a grid-connected load type virtual power plant planned power deviation recovery cost settlement mechanism. Through the inventive concept of "multi-mechanism coverage and scene-specific accurate settlement", the application solves the existing problems of cost settlement under the background of high proportion of new energy from multiple dimensions such as "scene adaptation, efficiency improvement, risk avoidance".

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of load-based virtual power plants, and specifically relates to a method and related apparatus for settling costs for load-based virtual power plants. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, new market players such as distributed power sources, load-based virtual power plants, and load aggregators have emerged in the electricity market. These new market players play a key role in improving the power system's regulation capacity and building a new type of power system, and require differentiated settlement services based on the type of electricity or ancillary service transactions they participate in.

[0003] The highly intermittent and random characteristics of high-proportion renewable energy generation, along with the expanded trading scale, significantly increase the difficulty of settlement for load-based virtual power plant (VPP) transactions. Furthermore, VPP transactions in the electricity market face the dual challenges of data complexity and timeliness. Additionally, VPP settlement needs to avoid exploiting price discrepancies for excessive profits. Existing VPP settlement methods are insufficient to meet the demands for rapid and efficient settlement under these various circumstances, necessitating the development of new settlement methods to achieve breakthroughs in adaptability and settlement efficiency.

[0004] For a specific example, Chinese invention patent application CN116645169A discloses a power trading system and method based on virtual power plants. It constructs revenue models for both the generation and user sides, employs game theory strategies to determine power trading prices, and utilizes blockchain technology for transaction monitoring and settlement to ensure the security of the trading process. However, due to its settlement mechanism, it still has the following drawbacks: load-type virtual power plants may exploit price differences to over-report or deliberately under-report, obtaining improper benefits through deviation settlement, thereby harming the overall interests of the power market; load-type virtual power plant settlement involves massive amounts of multi-source heterogeneous data, which may result in long settlement cycles, poor timeliness, and inability to meet real-time settlement requirements due to insufficient data processing capabilities or outdated data fusion technology.

[0005] Summary of the Invention The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and related apparatus for settling costs for load-based virtual power plants, thereby solving one or more of the aforementioned technical problems. The technical solution disclosed in this invention addresses the issue that the settlement efficiency and rule adaptability of load-based virtual power plants in scenarios with high proportions of renewable energy access cannot meet actual needs, while also preventing the occurrence of improper gains through deviation settlement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for settling costs for load-based virtual power plants, comprising the following steps: Based on the selected load-type virtual power plants and the requirements for deviation fees and recovery fees settlement mechanisms, obtain the raw data used for fee settlement; Based on the original data, the settlement is carried out using the deviation cost and recovery cost settlement mechanism to obtain the cost settlement result; The aforementioned deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism includes: a medium- and long-term shortfall recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, and a grid-connected load virtual power plant planned power deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism. In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption < declared electricity consumption", the deficit is calculated according to the formula "deficit amount = declared electricity consumption - actual electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = deficit amount × market electricity price of the corresponding period × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption > declared electricity consumption", the over-declaration amount is calculated according to the formula "over-declaration amount = actual electricity consumption - declared electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = over-declaration amount × (real-time market electricity price - declared contract electricity price) × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the deviation ratio for each time period is calculated based on the declared electricity consumption curve and the actual electricity consumption curve. When the deviation ratio exceeds the set threshold, the excess portion is calculated as a recovery fee according to the formula "recovery fee = deviation electricity × market electricity price × curve deviation coefficient". In the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the power deviation is calculated according to the formula "Power deviation = |Actual operating power - Planned operating power|". When the power deviation exceeds the set allowable threshold, the excess part is calculated according to the formula "Recovery fee = Power deviation × Ancillary service price of the corresponding time period" to obtain the recovery fee.

[0007] A further improvement to the technical solution of the present invention lies in that, in the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, If the arithmetic average of the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month during the selected trading period is greater than or equal to 80% of the test-approved adjustment capacity, the recovery fee will be calculated using the following formula: , ; In the formula, For load-type virtual power plant entities participating in ordinary transactions, the net purchase volume of transactions over multiple months or more is broken down into the volume of the current ten-day period; For load-type virtual power plant entities participating in ordinary transactions, the corresponding time period and the electricity purchased by both renewable energy parties are allocated to the electricity volume of the ten-day period; This refers to the electricity volume declared during the monthly centralized bidding phase, which is then allocated to the corresponding time period within the ten-day period. β is the electricity volume allocated to the corresponding time period of the ten-day period during the centralized bidding phase of the ten-day time-sharing transaction; β is the ratio coefficient of regulation capacity to maximum electricity load, and B is the basic recovery constraint value. This refers to the market-based electricity consumption of virtual power plants for the corresponding period of the ten-day term. This refers to the weighted average price of the same node in the market on the user side for the corresponding period of the month's spot price; This refers to the weighted average price for the corresponding period of monthly and ten-day intraday trading. For the recovery of electricity fees for medium- and long-term shortfalls on the user side of load-type virtual power plant transactions, the calculation is performed on a ten-day basis and then summed up; h represents the time period; If the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month's selected trading period is less than 80% of the test-determined adjustment capacity, but greater than or equal to 50% of the test-determined adjustment capacity, the recovery fee will be calculated according to the following formula: ; If the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month's selected trading period is less than 50% of the test-determined adjustment capacity or less than the preset adjustment threshold, the recovery fee will be calculated according to the following formula: .

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that, in the settlement mechanism for medium- and long-term deficit recovery fees, when the ratio coefficient β of the regulation capacity and the maximum electricity load determined by the selected trading period test is greater than the preset ratio coefficient threshold, the constraint on the declaration and recovery of medium- and long-term time-segmented trading deficits of the corresponding trading period load-type virtual power plant is cancelled.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the settlement mechanism for medium- and long-term deficit recovery fees also includes: the return method for medium- and long-term deficit recovery fees is to return them on an average basis on the power generation side and the wholesale market user side, and the recovery fees returned on both the power generation and user sides are returned monthly according to the proportion of the total net transaction volume of medium- and long-term ordinary users in the province for ten days or more in the current month.

[0010] A further improvement to the technical solution of this invention lies in that, in the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, when hour, ; In the formula, This is the calculated value for over-reported recovery costs in the medium to long term; This refers to the weighted average price for the corresponding period of monthly and ten-day intraday trading. This refers to the current month's electricity price; For the corresponding period of the monthly centralized bidding, declare the excess electricity recovery; For the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding, declare the excess electricity recovery; The total net purchase volume for the month of transactions involving load-type virtual power plants for periods of ten days or more; h represents the time period.

[0011] A further improvement to the technical solution of this invention lies in the settlement mechanism for the recovery of over-reported expenses in the medium and long term. like ,according to Calculation; if the declared electricity volume for the corresponding period in the monthly centralized bidding is ≤0, If (calculated monthly average electricity volume of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month - net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) ≤ 0, then calculate as (calculated monthly average electricity volume of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month - net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) = 0: Monthly centralized bidding for the corresponding period of electricity volume - (calculated electricity volume based on the monthly average of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month and net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) × α; where α is a set coefficient; like ≤0, press =0 is used for calculation; if the declared electricity volume for the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding is ≤0. If (the average electricity volume calculated based on the upper limit of the declared operation period × 1.5 - the net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) ≤ 0, then it is calculated as (the average electricity volume calculated based on the upper limit of the declared operation period × 1.5 - the net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) = 0; The same principles apply to the first, middle, and last ten days of the month; =Electricity volume declared during the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding - (Electricity volume calculated based on the average value of the ten-day upper limit of declared operation × 1.5 - Net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - Net purchase volume of monthly thermal power transactions decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - Net purchase volume of new energy bilateral transactions decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) × α.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that, in the settlement mechanism for the medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee, the medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee is returned on the user side of the wholesale market only, and is returned according to the proportion of monthly settlement electricity.

[0013] A further improvement to the technical solution of the present invention is that, in the medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery cost settlement mechanism, the recovery cost is calculated according to the following formula: when hour, ; when hour, ; In the formula, These refer to the electricity consumption during the corresponding hour period for the daily declared upper and lower limits of virtual power plants for load-type applications; This is the weighted average price for the corresponding time period of each batch of ordinary transactions in the current month; This refers to the current month's electricity price; Calculate the electricity deviation cost between the long-term and declared upper and lower limits for load-type virtual power plants; The total electricity volume of load-type virtual power plants is broken down by hour over a long period of time during the spot operation days.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that, in the medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee is equally distributed between the power generation side and the wholesale market user side, with power generation companies returning the fee according to the proportion of monthly on-grid electricity, and wholesale market users returning the fee according to the proportion of monthly settlement electricity.

[0015] A further improvement to the technical solution of the present invention is that, in the settlement mechanism for the recovery fee of planned power deviation of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the recovery fee is calculated according to the following formula: when , ; In the formula, This represents the actual electricity consumption of a virtual power plant in load-type scenarios during time period t. The planned electricity generation for a virtual power plant in load-type scenarios during time period t; The electricity volume corresponding to the day-ahead regulation capacity declared by the virtual power plant for load-type periods (t-period). This refers to the allowable deviation of the adjustable capacity corresponding to the electricity volume declared before the corresponding time period; The total cost for assessing load-type virtual power plants; This represents the average monthly market price within the province as of [date]. This represents the real-time monthly average market price within the province.

[0016] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that, in the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the deviation between the actual power and the planned clearing power is not assessed within the first 15 minutes and the last 15 minutes of the single-group adjustment period of the load virtual power plant.

[0017] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that, in the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant is returned to the power generation enterprise according to the proportion of the monthly on-grid power.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a load-based virtual power plant cost settlement system, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire raw data for cost settlement based on the selected load-type virtual power plant and the requirements of the deviation cost and recovery cost settlement mechanism. The settlement module is used to perform settlement based on the original data using the deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism to obtain the fee settlement result; The aforementioned deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism includes: a medium- and long-term shortfall recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, and a grid-connected load virtual power plant planned power deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism. In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption < declared electricity consumption", the deficit is calculated according to the formula "deficit amount = declared electricity consumption - actual electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = deficit amount × market electricity price of the corresponding period × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption > declared electricity consumption", the over-declaration amount is calculated according to the formula "over-declaration amount = actual electricity consumption - declared electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = over-declaration amount × (real-time market electricity price - declared contract electricity price) × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the deviation ratio for each time period is calculated based on the declared electricity consumption curve and the actual electricity consumption curve. When the deviation ratio exceeds the set threshold, the excess portion is calculated as a recovery fee according to the formula "recovery fee = deviation electricity × market electricity price × curve deviation coefficient". In the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the power deviation is calculated according to the formula "Power deviation = |Actual operating power - Planned operating power|". When the power deviation exceeds the set allowable threshold, the excess part is calculated according to the formula "Recovery fee = Power deviation × Ancillary service price of the corresponding time period" to obtain the recovery fee.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the load-type virtual power plant cost settlement method as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the load-type virtual power plant cost settlement method as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0021] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the load-type virtual power plant cost settlement method as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses a method for settling fees for load-based virtual power plants. Through the inventive concept of "multi-mechanism coverage and precise settlement across different scenarios," it addresses the existing challenges in settling deviation fees under a high proportion of renewable energy, from multiple dimensions such as "scenario adaptation, efficiency improvement, and risk avoidance." Specifically, addressing the increased settlement difficulty caused by the "strong intermittency of renewable energy and the expansion of the trading space," this invention achieves multi-scenario adaptation by "constructing a multi-mechanism collaborative settlement system." Specifically, it breaks down the actual situation of load-based virtual power plants into four core scenarios: "medium-to-long-term deficit, medium-to-long-term surplus, curve deviation, and grid-connected power deviation." This not only matches the uncertainty of electricity consumption in load-based virtual power plants under the fluctuation of renewable energy generation but also covers the diversified businesses and boundaries after the expansion of the trading scale, solving the pain points of existing methods such as "single scenario and weak adaptability." Specifically, addressing the dual challenges of "data complexity and timeliness," this invention improves settlement efficiency through "standardized quantitative logic." Each mechanism employs a concise process combining "basic quantitative formulas with threshold triggering," eliminating the need for complex multi-dimensional data cross-validation. Simultaneously, all calculations are based on the direct correlation between "electricity / power + electricity price / coefficient," significantly reducing data processing complexity and latency, thus meeting the timeliness requirements of real-time trading scenarios. Specifically, addressing the risk of "profiting excessively by exploiting price discrepancies," this invention achieves precise control through a "penalty mechanism linked to price differences." In the medium-to-long-term excess mechanism, recovery fees are directly linked to the "price difference between the real-time market electricity price and the declared contract price," linking excess profit potential to price difference costs. In the deficit and curve deviation mechanisms, a "penalty coefficient" is introduced to amplify the cost of irrational deviations. Grid-connected power deviations are settled based on "ancillary service prices," compressing arbitrage opportunities and directly suppressing the motivation to profit by creating deviations from the price perspective. In summary, the technical solution disclosed in this invention, through a combination of "full scenario coverage, lightweight process, and hard risk constraints," not only solves the settlement adaptation problem caused by the intermittency of new energy and the expansion of trading scale, but also improves settlement efficiency by simplifying calculation logic. At the same time, it avoids arbitrage risks from the source through mechanism design, achieving a comprehensive effect of "upgraded adaptability, improved efficiency, and controllable risk." It solves the pain points and difficulties of existing settlement methods and breaks through the technical bottlenecks of existing settlement methods. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating a method for settling costs for a load-type virtual power plant, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle framework of a load-type virtual power plant cost settlement system in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a load-based virtual power plant cost settlement system in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention; obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0028] Based on the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for settling the cost of a load-based virtual power plant, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Based on the selected load-type virtual power plant and the requirements for deviation fees and recovery fees settlement mechanism, obtain the raw data for fee settlement; In a specific exemplary technical solution, the original data may include: transaction declaration data, actual execution data, market rule data, and main body basic data; further exemplarily, the transaction declaration data may include: the time period power plan declared by the load-type virtual power plant, such as the daily or hourly committed power consumption or power generation curve, etc.; the declared electricity price information, such as the contract electricity price of medium and long-term transactions, the quotation curve of the spot market, etc.; the actual execution data may include: the actual power consumption or power generation metering data for each time period, the real-time power consumption or power generation, etc.; the market rule data may include: the rule parameters for deviation assessment, such as the allowed deviation ratio, the penalty electricity price corresponding to excess or deficiency, the calculation threshold of curve deviation, etc.; the division of settlement time periods, such as settlement by 96 points per day (15 minutes per segment) or 24 hours; the main body basic data may include: the type or attributes of the load-type virtual power plant (such as load aggregation type, regulation capacity level, etc.), the configuration information of the metering gate (such as the gate metering point number, metering equipment model and accuracy, etc.).

[0030] Step 2: Based on the original data obtained in Step 1, settle the costs using the deviation cost and recovery cost settlement mechanism to obtain the cost settlement result; wherein, the deviation cost and recovery cost settlement mechanism includes: medium- and long-term shortfall recovery cost settlement mechanism, medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery cost settlement mechanism, medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery cost settlement mechanism, and grid-connected load virtual power plant planned power deviation recovery cost settlement mechanism.

[0031] In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, when the actual electricity consumption of a load-type virtual power plant is less than the declared electricity consumption (i.e., in the case of deficit), the deficit amount is first calculated using the formula "Deficit Amount = Declared Electricity Consumption - Actual Electricity Consumption", and then the recovery fee is calculated using the formula "Recovery Fee = Deficit Amount × Market Electricity Price for the Corresponding Period × Penalty Coefficient". Explanatoryly, in this settlement mechanism, the setting of the penalty coefficient can punish the behavior of occupying the declared quota but failing to fulfill the contract; and the penalty coefficient is further linked to the regulation capacity, which can encourage load-type virtual power plants to improve their flexibility.

[0032] In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee settlement mechanism, when the actual electricity consumption of a load-type virtual power plant exceeds its declared electricity consumption (i.e., in the case of over-declaration), the over-declaration amount is first calculated using the formula "over-declaration amount = actual electricity consumption - declared electricity consumption," and then the recovery fee is calculated using the formula "recovery fee = over-declaration amount × (real-time market electricity price - declared contract electricity price) × penalty coefficient." Explainingly, this settlement mechanism employs a technical approach combining "real-time market electricity price - declared contract electricity price." If the real-time market electricity price exceeds the declared contract electricity price, the difference must be paid for the over-declaration amount, preventing load-type virtual power plants from arbitrage through "low-price declaration and high-price electricity consumption," thus ensuring price fairness in electricity trading.

[0033] In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the deviation ratio for each time period is calculated based on the declared electricity consumption curve and the actual electricity consumption curve. When the deviation ratio exceeds a set threshold, the excess portion is recovered according to the formula "recovery fee = deviation electricity × market electricity price × curve deviation coefficient". Explanatoryly, the formulation of this settlement mechanism effectively avoids the situation where the total amount is sufficient but the time period is randomly adjusted, and can effectively maintain the stability of the power grid.

[0034] In the aforementioned settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load-type virtual power plant, the power deviation is first calculated according to the formula "Power Deviation = |Actual Operating Power - Planned Operating Power|". When the power deviation exceeds the set allowable threshold, the excess part is calculated according to the formula "Recovery Fee = Power Deviation × Ancillary Service Price for the Corresponding Time Period". Explanatoryly, the setting of this settlement mechanism can make the actual output of the load-type virtual power plant more in line with the grid plan, which can reduce the regulation pressure on the grid.

[0035] The technical solution provided in this invention establishes four deviation fee settlement mechanisms, comprehensively covering four core scenarios: "total deficit or over-limit, time-period curve deviation, and real-time power deviation," forming a comprehensive, closed-loop market behavior constraint system. Specifically, by designing a modular settlement rule framework, an optimized settlement mechanism is constructed, including core functions such as calculating punitive fees for over-limit declarations and calculating compensation for deficit power. Relying on multi-source data fusion technology, the settlement process is made intelligent and precise, avoiding arbitrage and solving the technical challenges of settlement efficiency and rule adaptability for load-type virtual power plants in scenarios with high proportions of renewable energy access. This effectively safeguards the overall interests of the electricity market.

[0036] In technical terms, a virtual power plant (VPS) is a smart grid technology that participates in the operation and dispatch of the power grid through a distributed power management system. It mainly consists of three parts: a power generation system, energy storage equipment, and a communication system. A VPS is not a real power plant, but rather a new generation of intelligent control technology and interactive business model that aggregates and optimizes the clean and low-carbon development of the power generation, grid, and load systems. New market entities typically refer to enterprises in the power and energy industries that possess certain power regulation capabilities and adopt new technologies and operating models. These entities include single-technology entities such as distributed photovoltaics, decentralized wind power, and energy storage, as well as resource aggregation entities such as VPS and smart microgrids. They play a crucial role in improving the power system's regulation capabilities, promoting the consumption of renewable energy, and ensuring a secure power supply. A high proportion of new energy refers to a significant increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power in the power system, driving green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development.

[0037] The specific disclosure of the settlement mechanism for medium- and long-term deficit recovery fees in the technical solutions specifically exemplified by this invention is as follows: For load-type virtual power plants, based on the ratio of regulating capacity to maximum electricity load determined by tests and experiments in each trading period, the constraints on the declaration and recovery of medium- and long-term time-of-use trading deficits for load-type virtual power plants in that trading period will be correspondingly relaxed. Where β is the ratio of regulating capacity to maximum power load, and B is the basic recovery constraint ratio.

[0038] If the arithmetic average of the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month during this trading period is greater than or equal to the first preset percentage (e.g., 80%) of the test-determined adjustment capacity, then the recovery fee will be calculated using the following formula. , ; In the formula, For load-type virtual power plant entities participating in ordinary transactions, the net purchase volume of transactions over multiple months or more is broken down into the volume of the current ten-day period; For load-type virtual power plant entities participating in ordinary transactions, the corresponding time period and the electricity purchased by both renewable energy parties are allocated to the electricity volume of the ten-day period; The volume of electricity submitted during the monthly centralized bidding phase (interpretatively, positive values ​​for buy orders and negative values ​​for sell orders) is broken down into the corresponding time period of the ten-day period; This refers to the electricity volume declared during the centralized bidding phase of the ten-day time-sharing transaction, which is then allocated to the corresponding time period within that ten-day period. This refers to the market-based electricity consumption of virtual power plants for the corresponding period of the ten-day term. This refers to the weighted average price of the same node in the market on the user side for the corresponding period of the month's spot price; This refers to the weighted average price for the corresponding period of monthly and ten-day intraday trading. For the medium- and long-term shortfall electricity fees in virtual power plant transactions for load-type users, the calculation is performed on a ten-day basis and then summed up; β is the ratio coefficient of regulation capacity to maximum electricity load, and B is the basic recovery constraint ratio.

[0039] If the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month's trading period is less than the first preset percentage of the test-determined adjustment capacity, but greater than or equal to the second preset percentage (e.g., 50%) of the test-determined adjustment capacity, the constraint on the recovery of shortfall for the load-type virtual power plant according to the medium- and long-term time-of-use trading rules will be applied. The calculation formula for recycling fees is as follows: ; If the declared regulation capacity for the entire month during this trading period is less than the second preset percentage of the test-determined regulation capacity or less than the preset regulation threshold (e.g., 10MW), the virtual power plant of this load type will be assessed for recovery based on a medium- and long-term time-of-use trading deficit recovery constraint of B%. The calculation formula for the recovery fee is as follows: ; In addition, in the preferred technical solution, when the ratio of the regulating capacity determined by the test in each trading period to the maximum power load is greater than a preset percentage (e.g. The constraint on the declaration and recovery of shortfall in long-term time-of-use transactions for load-type virtual power plants during this trading period will be removed.

[0040] Furthermore, in a further optimized technical solution, the return method for medium- and long-term shortfall recovery fees is to return them equally on the power generation side and the wholesale market user side. The recovery fees returned on both the power generation and user sides are returned monthly according to the proportion of the total net transaction volume of medium- and long-term ordinary users in the province for ten days or more in that month.

[0041] In the technical solution of this invention, based on the ratio coefficient between the regulating capacity and the maximum electricity load determined by tests during each trading period, the constraints on the declaration and recovery of long-term time-of-use trading deficits for load-type virtual power plants during the trading period are correspondingly relaxed, ensuring flexibility and avoiding a one-size-fits-all, crude penalty. Specifically, the deficit penalty rules are dynamically relaxed according to the regulating capacity of the load-type virtual power plants, ensuring the principle that the better the regulating capacity, the lower the deficit constraint ratio.

[0042] The specific disclosure of the settlement mechanism for medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fees in the technical solutions specifically exemplified by this invention is as follows: In the process of setting the excess recovery of declared electricity volume for monthly and ten-day time-of-use (TOU) centralized bidding for load-type virtual power plants, the rules for setting the upper limit of declared electricity volume are as follows: The declared electricity volume of the monthly TOU centralized bidding phase for each period of the load-type virtual power plant shall not exceed α times the electricity volume calculated by the load-type virtual power plant for that period of the month based on the average declared operating limit of the previous day, minus the net purchase electricity volume allocated to the current month from thermal power transactions of multiple months and above, and then minus 80% of the net purchase electricity volume allocated to the current month from bilateral contracts for new energy; The declared electricity volume of the ten-day TOU centralized bidding phase for each period of the load-type virtual power plant shall not exceed α times the electricity volume calculated by the load-type virtual power plant for that period of the ten-day period based on the average declared operating limit of the previous day, minus α times the difference between the net purchase electricity volume allocated to the current ten-day period from thermal power transactions of multiple months and above and the net purchase electricity volume allocated to the current ten-day period from monthly thermal power transactions, and then minus 80% of the net purchase electricity volume allocated to the current ten-day period from bilateral contracts for new energy; For example, α can be temporarily set at 1.2 and adjusted in a timely manner according to market conditions.

[0043] like ,according to calculate; If the declared electricity volume for the corresponding period in the monthly centralized bidding is ≤0. ; If (calculated monthly average electricity volume of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month - net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) ≤ 0, then calculate as (calculated monthly average electricity volume of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month - net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) = 0: Excess electricity recovered during the corresponding period of the monthly centralized bidding Monthly centralized bidding for the corresponding period of electricity volume - (calculated electricity volume based on the monthly average of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more decomposed to the corresponding period of the current month and net purchase volume of new energy bilateral transactions decomposed to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) × α.

[0044] like ≤0, press =0 is calculated; If the electricity volume declared during the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding is ≤0. ; If (the average electricity volume calculated based on the upper limit of the declared operation period × 1.5 - the net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of monthly thermal power transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) ≤ 0, then it is calculated as (the average electricity volume calculated based on the upper limit of the declared operation period × 1.5 - the net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of monthly thermal power transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) = 0; The same principles apply to the first, middle, and last ten days of the month; The excess electricity recovered during the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding =Electricity volume declared during the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding - (Electricity volume calculated based on the average value of the ten-day upper limit of declared operation × 1.5 - Net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - Net purchase volume of monthly thermal power transactions decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - Net purchase volume of new energy bilateral transactions decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) × α.

[0045] The assessment is based on the smaller of the total added value of the excess electricity recovered in each month and ten-day period and the net purchased electricity in the current month for the virtual power plant of this load type in the ten-day period and above. The recovery and allocation of the assessment fee shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations for this market operation fee for ordinary users in the wholesale market. This recovery fee shall be included in the unified management of the medium and long-term excess recovery fee declared by the user.

[0046] when hour, ; In the formula, This refers to the total net purchase volume of virtual power plants with load-related transactions for the corresponding ten-day or longer period in the current month. This refers to the weighted average price for the corresponding period of monthly and ten-day intraday trading. The above formula can curb arbitrage behavior of "declaring medium- and long-term electricity volumes at low prices and using day-ahead electricity volumes at high prices". By using the calculation method of "taking the smaller value of the electricity volume and combining the electricity price difference with the penalty coefficient", the cost of over-declaration is higher than the arbitrage profit, which can maintain market fairness.

[0047] In a further optional technical solution, this fee is refunded only on the user side of the wholesale market, based on the proportion of monthly electricity billing.

[0048] The specific disclosure of the settlement mechanism for medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery costs in the technical solutions specifically exemplified by this invention is as follows: For load-type virtual power plants, on the spot operation day (D day), any volume whose negative deviation from the net long-term contract volume in each time period exceeds 30% of the volume calculated from the declared lower limit of operation before the day will be assessed and recovered. The recovery will be based on the difference between 1.1 times the weighted average price of the corresponding time period in each batch of ordinary transactions for the current month and the weighted average price of the corresponding time period in the market before the day (no recovery will be made if the price difference is negative). When the ratio β% of the regulating capacity determined by the test and experiment for each trading period is greater than 70%, the recovery fee for the negative deviation of the user-side long-term curve of the load-type virtual power plant for that trading period will be cancelled.

[0049] when hour, ; If, during a ten-day rolling matching transaction, the user-side listed price reaches the price ceiling for a certain period, and there are still unsold volumes 15 minutes before the end of the transaction, the minimum transaction volume constraint for the user side (including load-type virtual power plants) for that ten-day period will be cancelled. For load-type virtual power plants, the long-term net contract volume for each period on the spot operation day (D day) will be assessed and recovered if the positive deviation between the long-term net contract volume and the declared operating ceiling for the previous day exceeds 20%. The recovery will be based on the price difference of 0.9 times the weighted average price of the corresponding period in the market for the current month and the weighted average price of the corresponding period in each batch of ordinary transactions for the current month (no recovery will be made if the price difference is negative).

[0050] when hour, ; In the formula, Calculate the electricity deviation cost between the long-term and declared upper and lower limits for load-type virtual power plants; This is the weighted average price for the corresponding time period of each batch of ordinary transactions in the current month; These refer to the electricity consumption during the corresponding hour period for the daily declared upper and lower limits of virtual power plants for load-type applications; The total electricity volume of a load-type virtual power plant is broken down by hour over a long period of time during the spot operation day (D day).

[0051] The technical solution of this invention discloses specific implementation methods such as triggering conditions, calculation formulas, positive deviation assessment, exemption conditions, and constraint adjustments for special trading scenarios. It not only constrains the behavior of "electricity curve deviating from the plan" by "combining positive and negative deviation thresholds with price difference recovery", but also incentivizes load-type virtual power plants to improve flexibility by "exemption from adjustment capacity", while adapting to the actual needs of special trading scenarios.

[0052] In a further optimized technical solution, regarding the refund method: this fee is distributed equally between the power generation side and the wholesale market user side. Power generation companies refund each other based on the proportion of monthly on-grid electricity (excluding inter-provincial spot electricity), while wholesale market users refund each other based on the proportion of monthly settlement electricity.

[0053] The specific disclosure of the technical solution of this invention regarding the settlement mechanism for the recovery of planned power deviations in grid-connected load virtual power plants is as follows: If the actual power curve of a grid-connected load-type virtual power plant deviates from the power plan curve issued by the power dispatching agency due to its own reasons, and the deviation exceeds the allowable deviation of the adjustment accuracy, the grid-connected load-type virtual power plant will be assessed according to the deviation. The deviation between the actual power and the planned clearing power within the first 15 minutes and the last 15 minutes of the adjustment period of a single group of load-type virtual power plants will not be assessed.

[0054] The deviation between the actual electricity consumption every 15 minutes and the planned electricity consumption for the corresponding time period exceeds the allowable deviation for the electricity consumption corresponding to the adjustable capacity declared before the corresponding time period. The absolute value of the excess electricity (10% for virtual power plants integrating generation, grid, load, and storage loads) is counted as the assessment electricity. The assessment settlement is based on 0.2 times the higher of the weighted average monthly node electricity price of all time points in the provincial spot market and the weighted average monthly node electricity price of all time points in the provincial real-time market. The assessment fee is returned to the power generation enterprise according to the proportion of monthly on-grid electricity (excluding inter-provincial spot electricity).

[0055] when , ; In the formula, This represents the actual electricity consumption of a virtual power plant in load-type scenarios during time period t. The planned electricity generation for a virtual power plant in load-type scenarios during time period t; The electricity volume corresponding to the day-ahead regulation capacity declared by the virtual power plant for load-type periods (t-period). This represents the average monthly market price within the province as of [date]. This represents the province's real-time monthly average market price. The total cost for assessing load-type virtual power plants.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, specific implementation methods such as assessment triggering conditions, exemption scenarios, assessment electricity calculation, and assessment fee formula are disclosed. This mechanism not only constrains the operational deviation of load-type virtual power plants, but also conforms to actual operation through "time period exemption". The subsequent optional technical solutions also clarify the fee return path.

[0057] In a further optional technical solution, regarding the refund method: this fee is refunded to the power generation company based on a percentage of the monthly on-grid electricity volume (excluding inter-provincial spot electricity), calculated as follows:

[0058] In the formula, For the first iThe amount of rebate that each power generation company receives from the assessment fees of load-type virtual power plants; For the first i Monthly on-grid electricity volume of each power generation enterprise (excluding inter-provincial spot electricity volume). This is the sum of the monthly on-grid electricity volume (excluding inter-provincial spot electricity volume) of all participating power generation companies.

[0059] Please see Figure 2 Specifically, this invention discloses a fee settlement system, comprising: Data identification module: As the system's data acquisition entry point, it is responsible for acquiring electricity consumption and price information and transmitting this information to the intelligent analysis module to ensure the integrity and real-time nature of the raw data.

[0060] Intelligent Analysis Module: As the core decision-making module of the system, it performs feature extraction and pattern recognition on the received electricity consumption data; based on the data transmitted by the data recognition module, it analyzes the user type and generates billing instructions containing parameters such as electricity consumption, electricity price, surcharges, and discounts, and transmits the analysis results to the billing module for settlement.

[0061] Billing Settlement Module: As the system execution module, this module uses user type data provided by the intelligent analysis module and billing parameters generated by the formula matching module. The settlement process supports real-time adjustments and anomaly handling to ensure the adaptability of settlement rules and the accuracy of results. After successful settlement, this module triggers the settlement statement generation process.

[0062] Settlement Statement Generation Module: As the system output terminal, this module generates a settlement statement conforming to power industry standards based on the settlement information after successful settlement by the fee settlement module. This module adopts a two-level processing architecture.

[0063] Generation module: Extracts user and transaction data from settlement information, determines the correspondence between target data and settlement form templates, and automatically populates data and generates reports. Supports output in multiple formats such as PDF and Excel.

[0064] Verification Module: This module uses data verification algorithms to logically verify key indicators in the report, such as total amount, billing cycle, and unit price of electricity. Through cross-validation, range checks, and correlation analysis, it ensures that the final settlement statement complies with power industry standards in terms of data accuracy and business logic.

[0065] The technical solution disclosed in this invention effectively addresses the dual challenges of low settlement efficiency and insufficient rule adaptability faced by load-type virtual power plants under the background of high-proportion renewable energy access by constructing a modular settlement rule system and a multi-source data fusion fee settlement system. Correspondingly, its core improvement technologies include: adopting modular rule design to establish a settlement parameter mechanism based on dynamic adjustments to market policies, achieving real-time adaptation of rules to the market environment; establishing a unified data interface platform to integrate multi-source heterogeneous information such as grid prices and market transactions, supporting minute-level data settlement and real-time verification, ultimately achieving the synergistic optimization goal of ensuring fairness in the electricity market and protecting the interests of market participants. In summary, this invention constructs a partial settlement fee calculation system for load-type virtual power plants, achieving accurate quantification of corresponding fees by establishing fee settlement formulas including medium- and long-term deficit recovery, over-reporting recovery, and curve deviation recovery. Furthermore, based on this, an intelligent settlement platform supporting real-time access to multi-source data has been developed, providing highly efficient and traceable settlement services to operating institutions and market participants through a visual interface.

[0066] The following are embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, which can be used to execute embodiments of the method of the present invention. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments, please refer to the embodiments of the method of the present invention.

[0067] Please see Figure 3 In this embodiment of the invention, a load-based virtual power plant cost settlement system is provided, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire raw data for cost settlement based on the selected load-type virtual power plant and the requirements of the deviation cost and recovery cost settlement mechanism. The settlement module is used to perform settlement based on the original data using the deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism to obtain the fee settlement result; The aforementioned deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism includes: a medium- and long-term shortfall recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, and a grid-connected load virtual power plant planned power deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism. In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption < declared electricity consumption", the deficit is calculated according to the formula "deficit amount = declared electricity consumption - actual electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = deficit amount × market electricity price of the corresponding period × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption > declared electricity consumption", the over-declaration amount is calculated according to the formula "over-declaration amount = actual electricity consumption - declared electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = over-declaration amount × (real-time market electricity price - declared contract electricity price) × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the deviation ratio for each time period is calculated based on the declared electricity consumption curve and the actual electricity consumption curve. When the deviation ratio exceeds the set threshold, the excess portion is calculated as a recovery fee according to the formula "recovery fee = deviation electricity × market electricity price × curve deviation coefficient". In the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the power deviation is calculated according to the formula "Power deviation = |Actual operating power - Planned operating power|". When the power deviation exceeds the set allowable threshold, the excess part is calculated according to the formula "Recovery fee = Power deviation × Ancillary service price of the corresponding time period" to obtain the recovery fee.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used to execute the operation of a load-based virtual power plant cost settlement method.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device and extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the operating system of the terminal. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be high-speed RAM (Random Access Memory) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the load-type virtual power plant fee settlement method in the above embodiments.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0071] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0072] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0073] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for settling costs of a load-based virtual power plant, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the selected load-type virtual power plants and the requirements for deviation fees and recovery fees settlement mechanisms, obtain the raw data used for fee settlement; Based on the original data, the settlement is carried out using the deviation cost and recovery cost settlement mechanism to obtain the cost settlement result; The aforementioned deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism includes: a medium- and long-term shortfall recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, and a grid-connected load virtual power plant planned power deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism. In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption < declared electricity consumption", the deficit is calculated according to the formula "deficit amount = declared electricity consumption - actual electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = deficit amount × market electricity price of the corresponding period × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption > declared electricity consumption", the over-declaration amount is calculated according to the formula "over-declaration amount = actual electricity consumption - declared electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = over-declaration amount × (real-time market electricity price - declared contract electricity price) × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the deviation ratio for each time period is calculated based on the declared electricity consumption curve and the actual electricity consumption curve. When the deviation ratio exceeds the set threshold, the excess portion is calculated as a recovery fee according to the formula "recovery fee = deviation electricity × market electricity price × curve deviation coefficient". In the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the power deviation is calculated according to the formula "Power deviation = |Actual operating power - Planned operating power|". When the power deviation exceeds the set allowable threshold, the excess part is calculated according to the formula "Recovery fee = Power deviation × Ancillary service price of the corresponding period" to obtain the recovery fee.

2. The method for settling costs of a load-based virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism. If the arithmetic average of the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month during the selected trading period is greater than or equal to 80% of the test-approved adjustment capacity, the recovery fee will be calculated using the following formula: ， ； In the formula, For load-type virtual power plant entities participating in ordinary transactions, the net purchase volume of transactions over multiple months or more is broken down into the volume of the current ten-day period; For load-type virtual power plant entities participating in ordinary transactions, the corresponding time period and the electricity purchased by both renewable energy parties are allocated to the electricity volume of the ten-day period; This refers to the electricity volume declared during the monthly centralized bidding phase, which is then allocated to the corresponding time period within the ten-day period. This refers to the electricity volume declared during the centralized bidding phase of the ten-day time-sharing transaction, which is then allocated to the corresponding time period within that ten-day period. β is the proportional coefficient between the regulating capacity and the maximum electrical load, and B is the basic recovery constraint value; This refers to the market-based electricity consumption of virtual power plants for the corresponding period of the ten-day term. This refers to the weighted average price of the same node in the market on the user side for the corresponding period of the month's spot price; This refers to the weighted average price for the corresponding period of monthly and ten-day intraday trading. For the recovery of electricity fees for medium- and long-term shortfalls on the user side of load-type virtual power plant transactions, the calculation is performed on a ten-day basis and then summed up; h represents the time period; If the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month's selected trading period is less than 80% of the test-determined adjustment capacity, but greater than or equal to 50% of the test-determined adjustment capacity, the recovery fee will be calculated according to the following formula: ； If the declared adjustment capacity for the entire month's selected trading period is less than 50% of the test-determined adjustment capacity or less than the preset adjustment threshold, the recovery fee will be calculated according to the following formula: 。 3. The method for settling costs of a load-based virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, when the ratio coefficient β between the regulation capacity and the maximum electricity load determined by the selected trading period test is greater than the preset ratio coefficient threshold, the medium- and long-term time-sharing trading deficit declaration and recovery constraint of the corresponding trading period load-type virtual power plant is cancelled.

4. The method for settling costs of a load-based virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The settlement mechanism for medium- and long-term deficit recovery fees also includes the following: the medium- and long-term deficit recovery fees are returned on an average basis on the power generation side and the wholesale market user side. The recovery fees returned on both the power generation and user sides are returned monthly according to the proportion of the total net transaction volume of medium- and long-term ordinary users in the province for ten days or more in the current month.

5. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, when hour, ； In the formula, This is the calculated value for over-reported recovery costs in the medium to long term; This refers to the weighted average price for the corresponding period of monthly and ten-day intraday trading. This refers to the current month's electricity price; For the corresponding period of the monthly centralized bidding, declare the excess electricity recovery; For the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding, declare the excess electricity recovery; The total net purchase volume for the month of transactions involving load-type virtual power plants for periods of ten days or more; h represents the time period.

6. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism. like ,according to Calculation; if the declared electricity volume for the corresponding period in the monthly centralized bidding is ≤0, ; If (calculated monthly average electricity volume of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month - net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) ≤ 0, then calculate as (calculated monthly average electricity volume of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month - net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) = 0: Monthly centralized bidding for the corresponding period of electricity volume - (calculated electricity volume based on the monthly average of the declared operating limit × 1.5 - net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current month and net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current month × 0.8) × α; where α is a set coefficient; like ≤0, press =0 is used for calculation; if the declared electricity volume for the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding is ≤0. ; If (the average electricity volume calculated based on the upper limit of the declared operation period × 1.5 - the net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of monthly thermal power transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) ≤ 0, then it is calculated as (the average electricity volume calculated based on the upper limit of the declared operation period × 1.5 - the net purchase electricity volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of monthly thermal power transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - the net purchase electricity volume of new energy bilateral transactions allocated to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) = 0; The same principles apply to the first, middle, and last ten days of the month; =Electricity volume declared during the corresponding period of the ten-day centralized bidding - (Electricity volume calculated based on the average value of the ten-day upper limit of declared operation × 1.5 - Net purchase volume of thermal power transactions over multiple months or more decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - Net purchase volume of monthly thermal power transactions decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period - Net purchase volume of new energy bilateral transactions decomposed to the corresponding period of the current ten-day period × 0.8) × α.

7. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, the medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee is returned on the wholesale market user side only, and is returned according to the proportion of monthly settlement electricity volume.

8. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery cost settlement mechanism, the recovery cost is calculated according to the following formula: when hour, ； when hour, ； In the formula, These refer to the electricity consumption during the corresponding hour period for the daily declared upper and lower limits of virtual power plants for load-type applications; This is the weighted average price for the corresponding time period of each batch of ordinary transactions in the current month; This refers to the current month's electricity price; Calculate the electricity deviation cost between the long-term and declared upper and lower limits for load-type virtual power plants; The total electricity volume of load-type virtual power plants is broken down by hour over a long period of time during the spot operation days.

9. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee is equally distributed between the power generation side and the wholesale market user side. Power generation companies return fees to each other based on the proportion of monthly on-grid electricity, while wholesale market users return fees to each other based on the proportion of monthly settled electricity.

10. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the aforementioned grid-connected load virtual power plant, the recovery fee is calculated according to the following formula: when , ； In the formula, This represents the actual electricity consumption of a virtual power plant in load-type scenarios during time period t. The planned electricity generation for a virtual power plant in load-type scenarios during time period t; The electricity volume corresponding to the day-ahead regulation capacity declared by the virtual power plant for load-type periods (t-period). This refers to the allowable deviation of the adjustable capacity corresponding to the electricity volume declared before the corresponding time period; The total cost for assessing load-type virtual power plants; This represents the average monthly market price within the province as of [date]. This represents the real-time monthly average market price within the province.

11. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the aforementioned settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load-type virtual power plant, the deviation between the actual power and the planned clearing power is not assessed within the first 15 minutes and the last 15 minutes of the single-group adjustment period of the load-type virtual power plant.

12. The method for settling costs of a load-type virtual power plant according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant is returned to the power generation enterprise according to the proportion of the monthly on-grid power.

13. A load-based virtual power plant cost settlement system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire raw data for cost settlement based on the selected load-type virtual power plant and the requirements of the deviation cost and recovery cost settlement mechanism. The settlement module is used to perform settlement based on the original data using the deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism to obtain the fee settlement result; The aforementioned deviation fee and recovery fee settlement mechanism includes: a medium- and long-term shortfall recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term over-reporting recovery fee settlement mechanism, a medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, and a grid-connected load virtual power plant planned power deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism. In the aforementioned medium- and long-term deficit recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption < declared electricity consumption", the deficit is calculated according to the formula "deficit amount = declared electricity consumption - actual electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = deficit amount × market electricity price of the corresponding period × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term over-declaration recovery fee settlement mechanism, when a load-type virtual power plant is in the case of "actual electricity consumption > declared electricity consumption", the over-declaration amount is calculated according to the formula "over-declaration amount = actual electricity consumption - declared electricity consumption", and the recovery fee is calculated according to the formula "recovery fee = over-declaration amount × (real-time market electricity price - declared contract electricity price) × penalty coefficient". In the aforementioned medium- and long-term curve deviation recovery fee settlement mechanism, the deviation ratio for each time period is calculated based on the declared electricity consumption curve and the actual electricity consumption curve. When the deviation ratio exceeds the set threshold, the excess portion is calculated as a recovery fee according to the formula "recovery fee = deviation electricity × market electricity price × curve deviation coefficient". In the settlement mechanism for the planned power deviation recovery fee of the grid-connected load virtual power plant, the power deviation is calculated according to the formula "Power deviation = |Actual operating power - Planned operating power|". When the power deviation exceeds the set allowable threshold, the excess part is calculated according to the formula "Recovery fee = Power deviation × Ancillary service price of the corresponding period" to obtain the recovery fee.

14. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the load-type virtual power plant cost settlement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the load-type virtual power plant cost settlement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

16. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the load-type virtual power plant cost settlement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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