A winding type cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device

Abstract

The present application relates to salt difference energy utilization and electrochemical energy conversion field, disclose a kind of winding type cylinder reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device, the device includes: shell, inside is provided with containing bin, the shell both ends are provided with end cap, the end cap is provided with with internal communication installation hole and solution mouth;Winding type membrane stack assembly, it is contained in the containing bin inside of the shell, the winding type membrane stack assembly is formed with shell center axis as reference winding, the winding type membrane stack assembly is formed by the ion exchange membrane and spacer of alternative superposition;Electrode assembly, it is assembled in the both ends of the membrane stack assembly by the installation hole of end cap, and with the winding type membrane stack assembly form electric connection.The present application is formed by winding cylinder type membrane stack, improve effective membrane area arrangement density in limited shell space, and it is favorable to improve fluid distribution condition, to improve the compactness of reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device structure and operating stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of salinity gradient energy utilization and electrochemical energy conversion technology, and more specifically, to a wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the increase in global electricity demand and the transformation of the energy structure, the utilization of clean energy has become a core topic in global energy research. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology is a salinity gradient energy utilization technology that utilizes the salinity difference between high-salinity and low-salinity solutions to drive the selective migration of ions, thereby outputting electrical energy in an external circuit. Existing RED devices mostly adopt a planar membrane stack structure, that is, multiple layers of anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes are stacked in parallel, forming concentrated and dilute solution flow channels within the membrane stack.

[0003] However, the aforementioned planar stacked structure has the following drawbacks: First, the membranes are stacked in a planar manner, resulting in a limited effective membrane area per unit volume, leading to a large device size and low energy density. Second, the fluid is prone to uneven velocity distribution and local stagnation zones in the flat direct current channel, resulting in significant concentration polarization on the membrane surface and reducing the effective salinity gradient. Third, the membrane stack structure is relatively rigid, making it difficult to achieve a compact arrangement in a limited space, and the membrane utilization rate and structural integration are low. Fourth, local compression or deformation can easily occur between the spacers and membranes, affecting long-term operational stability.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a novel reverse electrodialysis device with a structure different from that of a flat-plate stacked device, which can improve fluid distribution conditions, suppress concentration polarization, and enhance the overall compactness and operational stability of the device while increasing the membrane area per unit volume. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device, which forms a cylindrical membrane stack by axially winding anion exchange membrane, cation exchange membrane and separator, thereby increasing the effective membrane area per unit volume, improving fluid flow state, reducing membrane surface concentration polarization, and thus improving the energy conversion efficiency and device compactness of the reverse electrodialysis process.

[0006] This invention proposes a wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device, comprising: The shell has an internal compartment, and end caps are provided at both ends of the shell. The end caps have mounting holes and solution inlets that communicate with the interior. A wound membrane stack assembly is housed inside the receiving chamber of the housing. The wound membrane stack assembly is wound around the central axis of the housing and is composed of alternately stacked ion exchange membranes and spacers. The electrode assembly is fitted to both ends of the membrane stack assembly through the mounting holes of the end cap and forms an electrical connection with the wound membrane stack assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the wound membrane stack assembly includes: Anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes are arranged alternately in a preset order; A spacer is disposed between adjacent anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes. The spacer, together with the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane, forms a stacked unit. The stacked unit is wound and stacked along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack. In this process, flow channels are formed between adjacent stacked units. These flow channels include concentrated solution flow channels and dilute solution flow channels, which are alternately distributed along the radial direction of the membrane stack to maintain a stable salinity gradient during reverse electrodialysis.

[0008] Furthermore, the spacer includes: The supporting substrate is a mesh structure with through-pores, and the pores of the supporting substrate are uniformly distributed. The flow-guiding protrusions are disposed on both sides of the support substrate and extend in a predetermined direction to form a flow-guiding path in the flow channel to improve the solution flow distribution. The thickness of the supporting substrate is matched with the thickness of the ion exchange membrane to prevent the membrane from deforming under pressure.

[0009] Furthermore, the cross-sections of the concentrated solution channel and the dilute solution channel are arc-shaped along the winding direction of the membrane stack.

[0010] Furthermore, the electrode assembly includes: The anode rod is located in the middle of the membrane stack assembly and its two ends penetrate through the end faces of the membrane stack assembly. The two ends of the anode rod are parallel and attached to the end faces of the membrane stack assembly. The cathode plate is in close contact with the inner wall of the housing. A current collector is disposed at both ends of the anode rod and on the outside of the cathode plate, and the current collector extends to the outside of the housing through a conductive connector; A sealing gasket is fitted between the current collector and the end cap mounting hole to achieve a sealed fit between the electrode assembly and the housing.

[0011] Furthermore, the concentrated solution inlet pipe and the dilute solution inlet pipe are respectively connected to the solution port of the lower end cap of the shell, and are connected to the inlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel respectively. The concentrated solution outlet pipe and the dilute solution outlet pipe are respectively connected to the solution inlet of the upper end cap of the shell, and are connected to the outlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel respectively. The concentrated solution inlet pipe and the concentrated solution outlet pipe, and the dilute solution inlet pipe and the dilute solution outlet pipe are diagonally arranged to allow the solution to flow from bottom to top and diagonally. A sealing joint is provided at the connection between the pipe and the end cap to prevent solution leakage.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner wall of the housing is provided with a positioning boss for defining the axial position of the wound membrane stack assembly; The end caps at both ends of the housing are detachably connected to the housing by bolts. A sealing ring is provided on the mating surface of the housing and the end cap.

[0013] Furthermore, the wound membrane stack assembly also includes: A locking ring, which is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the wound membrane stack assembly, is used to limit the radial expansion of the wound membrane stack assembly. A buffer layer, which is disposed between the locking ring and the wound membrane stack assembly, is made of an elastic material and is used to buffer the impact of solution pressure on the membrane stack.

[0014] Furthermore, the end caps at both ends of the housing also include: an anolyte outlet, an anolyte inlet, a catholyte outlet, and a catholyte inlet; The anolyte outlet and the catholyte outlet are respectively located on the upper end cap of the housing; The anolyte inlet and the catholyte inlet are respectively located on the lower end cap of the housing; The anolyte outlet and anolyte inlet, and the catholyte outlet and catholyte inlet are diagonally arranged to allow the solution to flow diagonally from bottom to top.

[0015] Furthermore, the end of the current collector extending to the outside of the housing is provided with a wiring terminal, which is a detachable structure with wiring holes and locking bolts on its surface; An insulating protective sleeve is provided on the outside of the terminal block, and the insulating protective sleeve is sealed and fitted to the outer wall of the mounting hole of the end cover; Both the anode rod and the cathode plate have conductive protrusions on the side near the wound membrane stack assembly, and the conductive protrusions make multi-point contact with the end face of the wound membrane stack assembly.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By alternately stacking anion exchange membranes, cation exchange membranes, and spacers in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, the membranes are compactly stacked within the housing, thereby increasing the effective membrane area density per unit volume, thus enhancing the energy output capacity of the device, and facilitating the miniaturization and compact design of the device.

[0017] 2. The wound structure creates a continuous, tortuous flow path for concentrated and dilute solutions within the flow channel, which enhances fluid disturbance and improves velocity distribution. This reduces the influence of the boundary layer on the membrane surface, mitigates the adverse effects of concentration polarization on the effective salinity gradient, and improves the stability of ion selective migration.

[0018] 3. The cylindrical wound membrane stack structure has good overall integrity, can achieve a high degree of structural integration in a limited space, reduce the ineffective occupation of the membrane stack edge area, improve the membrane utilization efficiency, and facilitate the formation of a modular assembly structure, thereby facilitating the configuration and expansion of devices in different application scenarios.

[0019] 4. The use of a mesh septum with through-pores can provide more uniform mechanical support for the ion exchange membrane and avoid local pressure deformation. At the same time, the flow guiding structure guides the solution to flow in a preset direction, thereby further improving the uniformity of fluid distribution and enhancing the long-term stability of the device.

[0020] This invention constructs a cylindrical membrane stack through a winding method, enabling the membrane arrangement, fluid flow path, and overall stress state of the membrane stack to work in synergy, thus distinguishing it from the structural form of existing flat-plate reverse electrodialysis devices. This technical solution is not a simple modification of the flat-plate structure, but rather creates substantial differences in structure and operating characteristics, resulting in a comprehensive improvement in membrane area per unit volume, fluid distribution uniformity, and operational stability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial axial cross-sectional view of a wound membrane stack assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 100 - Shell; 200 - Roll-up membrane stack assembly; 210 - Cation exchange membrane; 220 - Anion exchange membrane; 230 - Spare sheet; 300 - Electrode assembly; 310 - Anode rod; 320 - Cathode plate; 400 - Dilute solution inlet pipe; 410 - Dilute solution outlet pipe; 500 - Concentrated solution inlet pipe; 510 - Concentrated solution outlet pipe; 600 - Anode liquid outlet; 610 - Anode liquid inlet; 700 - Cathode liquid outlet; 710 - Cathode liquid inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 As shown in some embodiments of this application, a wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device includes: a housing 100, a wound membrane stack assembly 200, and an electrode assembly 300.

[0025] Specifically, the shell 100 has an internal receiving chamber, and end caps are provided at both ends of the shell 100. The end caps have mounting holes and solution inlets that communicate with the interior. The wound membrane stack 200 is housed inside the receiving chamber of the housing 100. The wound membrane stack 200 is wound around the central axis of the housing 100. The wound membrane stack 200 is composed of alternately stacked ion exchange membranes and spacers 230. Electrode assembly 300 is assembled to both ends of membrane stack assembly through mounting holes in end caps and forms an electrical connection with wound membrane stack assembly 200.

[0026] In the above embodiments, by alternately stacking the anion exchange membrane 220, the cation exchange membrane 210, and the spacer 230 in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, the membranes are compactly stacked within the housing 100, thereby increasing the effective membrane area density per unit volume, thus enhancing the energy output capability of the device, and facilitating the miniaturization and compact design of the device.

[0027] The wound structure creates a continuous, tortuous flow path for concentrated and dilute solutions within the flow channel, which enhances fluid turbulence and improves velocity distribution. This reduces the impact of the membrane surface boundary layer, mitigates the adverse effects of concentration polarization on the effective salinity gradient, and improves the stability of ion selective migration. The cylindrical wound membrane stack structure exhibits good overall integrity, achieving high structural integration within a limited space. This reduces ineffective occupation of the membrane stack edge areas, improves membrane utilization efficiency, and facilitates modular assembly, thereby enabling device configuration and expansion for different application scales. The use of a mesh spacer 230 with through-pores provides more uniform mechanical support for the ion exchange membrane and prevents localized pressure deformation. Simultaneously, the flow guiding structure directs the solution flow along a predetermined direction, further improving fluid distribution uniformity and enhancing the long-term operational stability of the device.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the wound membrane stack assembly 200 includes: Anion exchange membrane 220 and cation exchange membrane 210 are arranged alternately in a preset order; The spacer 230 is disposed between adjacent anion exchange membrane 220 and cation exchange membrane 210. The spacer 230, anion exchange membrane 220 and cation exchange membrane 210 together form a stacked unit, and the stacked unit is wound along the central axis to form a cylindrical structure. In this process, flow channels are formed between adjacent stacked units, including concentrated solution flow channels and dilute solution flow channels, which are alternately distributed along the radial direction of the membrane stack.

[0029] Specifically, the wound membrane stack assembly 200 includes anion exchange membrane 220 and cation exchange membrane 210 with a thickness of 0.10-0.35 mm. The two membranes are arranged alternately in a preset sequence of "anion exchange membrane 220 - spacer 230 - cation exchange membrane 210 - spacer 230," ensuring that adjacent membranes are isolated and supported by the spacers 230. The alignment error of the membrane edges is controlled within ±0.5 mm to prevent channel blockage or solution mixing due to misalignment. Sealing material is applied to the ends or edges of the membrane stack to form... An isolation zone is included to reduce the risk of cross-contamination between concentrated and dilute solutions in non-flow channel areas. The separator 230 is made of polypropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene with a thickness of 0.15-0.55 mm. It has an overall mesh structure with interconnected pores, consisting of uniformly distributed square or hexagonal grids with pore sizes between 0.12-0.35 mm and a porosity of 50%-85%. This ensures smooth solution flow while providing stable mechanical support. The separator 230, together with the single anion exchange membrane 220 and the single cation exchange membrane 210, constitutes... The membrane is assembled into individual stacked units, each with an overall thickness of 0.55-1.25 mm. Multiple stacked units are wound axially at a constant tension of 0.03-0.08 MPa, using the central axis of the housing 100 as a reference, to form a cylindrical membrane stack with an inner diameter of 60-160 mm, an outer diameter of 220-450 mm, and a length of 300-1000 mm. During the winding process, circumferential positioning fixtures are used for real-time calibration to ensure that the roundness error of the membrane stack does not exceed ±2 mm. Adjacent stacked units are separated by spacers 230, forming a structure with a height of [missing information]. The flow channel space is 0.25-0.55mm. The flow channel includes a concentrated solution flow channel for high salinity solution flow and a dilute solution flow channel for low salinity solution flow. The two form a complete alternating distribution cycle every 15-25mm along the membrane stack axis. The extension direction of all flow channels is consistent with the membrane stack winding trajectory. The two ends of the flow channel are precisely connected to the solution port corresponding to the end cap of the shell 100. The matching degree between the flow channel opening area and the port cross-sectional area at the connection point is not less than 90%, ensuring a smooth transition of the solution between the flow channel and the pipe without significant sudden changes in flow resistance.

[0030] The above embodiments, by alternately stacking anion exchange membrane 220, cation exchange membrane 210 and spacer 230 in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, significantly increase the effective membrane area to improve the energy density per unit volume under the same device volume. The winding structure makes the fluid have a continuous tortuous flow path. With the support and guiding effect of the mesh spacer 230, it can not only weaken the boundary layer thickness and reduce the concentration polarization of the membrane surface, but also evenly distribute the fluid velocity and reduce the local stagnant area. At the same time, the overall structure is compact, effectively solving many defects of the existing flat stacked device, improving the operational stability, and facilitating modular design and large-scale manufacturing, making it suitable for salinity gradient energy utilization scenarios of different scales.

[0031] Specifically, spacer 230 includes: The supporting matrix is ​​a mesh structure with interconnected pores, and the pores of the supporting matrix are uniformly distributed. The flow guiding protrusions are disposed on both sides of the supporting substrate and extend along a preset direction. The thickness of the supporting substrate is matched with the thickness of the ion exchange membrane to prevent the membrane from deforming under pressure.

[0032] Specifically, the separator 230 includes a supporting substrate and flow-guiding protrusions. The supporting substrate is made of acid and alkali resistant and high-temperature resistant (-20℃ to 80℃) polypropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, integrally molded by injection molding. It has a mesh structure with interconnected pores, the pores being uniformly distributed square or hexagonal grids. A plain weave process ensures pore consistency, with the grid pore size precisely controlled at 0.15-0.25mm and the porosity at 35%-48%. The overall thickness of the supporting substrate is set at 0.28-0.42mm, while the thickness of the matching ion exchange membrane is 0.18-0.28mm, with the thickness difference strictly controlled within ±0.08mm to achieve precise fit with the ion exchange membrane. The flow-guiding protrusions are integrally molded with the supporting substrate and are evenly distributed on both sides of the supporting substrate. The surface features continuous strip-shaped or intermittent spiral structures. The height of the strip-shaped protrusions is 0.06-0.12 mm, the width is 0.25-0.35 mm, and the spacing between adjacent strip-shaped protrusions is 1.8-2.8 mm. The pitch of the spiral protrusions is 5-8 mm. All flow-guiding protrusions extend along the axial direction of the membrane stack winding or in a preset spiral direction of 30°-60°. The edges of the protrusions are precision-polished and rounded with a radius of 0.03-0.04 mm. The overall width of the supporting substrate is consistent with that of the ion exchange membrane, which is 300-1200 mm. The length is set to 500-2000 mm according to the required number of membrane stack winding layers. Its edges are designed with a 1.2 mm × 45° chamfer and are deburred to avoid scratching the surface of the ion exchange membrane during stacking and winding.

[0033] The above embodiments, by alternately stacking anion exchange membrane 220, cation exchange membrane 210 and spacer 230 and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, significantly increase the effective membrane area and energy density per unit volume under the same device volume, solving the problems of limited membrane area and low energy efficiency of flat-plate structures; the winding structure enables the fluid to form a continuous tortuous flow path, which, together with the support and guiding effect of the mesh spacer 230, effectively improves the uneven distribution of fluid velocity, reduces local stagnant areas, weakens the boundary layer thickness to reduce concentration polarization on the membrane surface, and avoids local compression or deformation of the membrane, thus improving long-term operational stability; moreover, the overall structure is compact, with higher membrane utilization and structural integration, facilitating modular design and large-scale manufacturing, and is suitable for salinity gradient energy utilization scenarios of different scales.

[0034] Specifically, the cross-sections of both the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel are arc-shaped.

[0035] Specifically, both the concentrated solution and dilute solution channels are naturally enclosed by adjacent wound stacked units (anion exchange membrane 220 - separator 230 - cation exchange membrane 210 - separator 230). The overall cross-section of the channel is a regular arc shape, and its arc trajectory perfectly matches the winding trajectory of the membrane stack. The radius of curvature of the cross-section of the channel in different radial layers varies with the radial position of the membrane stack: the radius of curvature of the inner layer channel is 30-80 mm, the middle layer is 80-150 mm, and the outer layer is 150-225 mm. The corresponding arc lengths of the curved cross-sections are 15-35mm, 35-60mm, and 60-80mm, and the radius of curvature deviation of all channels within the same radial layer does not exceed ±2mm to ensure consistent flow. The height of the channel cross-section is strictly matched with the thickness of the septum 230, ranging from 0.25-0.45mm, and the cross-sectional width is consistent with the width of the ion exchange membrane and septum 230, ranging from 300-1200mm. The cross-sectional area of ​​a single channel is 0.0005-0.002m². 2 The inner wall of the flow channel is composed of the ion exchange membrane surface, the mesh support matrix of the septum 230, and the flow guiding protrusion surface. The surface roughness of the inner wall is Ra≤0.8μm, with no obvious protrusions or depressions. The chord height of the arc-shaped cross-section is 5-25mm, and the ratio of chord length to arc length is 0.6-0.85. The extension direction of the flow channel along the membrane stack axis is consistent with the winding helix angle, which is 30°-60°. The distance between two adjacent flow channels (concentrated solution flow channel and dilute solution flow channel) along the membrane stack radial direction is 0.5-1.2mm, and the alternating distance along the axial direction is 15-25mm. The cross-sectional transition area at the junction of the flow channel and the end cap solution port also adopts an arc-shaped design. The transition section length is 10-20mm, and the radius of curvature of the transition area is 8-15mm, ensuring a smooth connection between the flow channel cross-section and the port cross-section without abrupt changes in size.

[0036] The above embodiments, by alternately stacking anion exchange membrane 220, cation exchange membrane 210 and mesh spacer 230 in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, significantly improve the effective membrane area and energy density per unit volume under the same device volume, solving the problems of large volume and low energy efficiency of traditional devices; the winding structure makes the fluid form a continuous tortuous flow path, which, together with the support and guiding effect of mesh spacer 230, not only effectively improves the phenomenon of uneven flow velocity distribution and local stagnation in the straight channel, but also weakens the fluid boundary layer thickness, reduces the concentration polarization of the membrane surface, and avoids local compression or deformation of the membrane, thus improving the long-term operational stability of the device; and the overall structure is compact, with higher membrane utilization and structural integration, which facilitates modular design and large-scale manufacturing, and can be flexibly adapted to different scales of salinity gradient energy utilization scenarios.

[0037] Reference Figure 3-5 As shown, the electrode assembly 300 includes: The anode rod 310 and the cathode plate 320 are located in the middle of the membrane stack assembly and penetrate through both ends of the membrane stack assembly. The two ends of the anode rod 310 are parallel and attached to the end faces of the membrane stack assembly. The cathode plate 320 is in close contact with the inner wall of the housing 100. A current collector is disposed at both ends of the anode rod 310 and on the outside of the cathode plate 320, and the current collector extends to the outside of the housing 100 through a conductive connector; A sealing gasket is fitted between the current collector and the end cap mounting hole to achieve a sealed fit between the electrode assembly 300 and the housing 100.

[0038] Specifically, the electrode assembly 300 includes an anode rod 310, a cathode plate 320, a current collector, and a sealing gasket. Both the anode rod 310 and the cathode plate 320 are made of titanium-based material with a ruthenium-iridium coating or graphite. They are circular in shape, adapted to the end faces of the membrane stack, with a diameter 2-5 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the membrane stack. The specific dimensions are set to 200-400 mm depending on the membrane stack specifications. The plate thickness is 2-5 mm, and the surface roughness Ra is controlled to 0.4-0.8 μm after sandblasting to improve the fit with the membrane stack end faces. Both are attached parallel to the two end faces of the membrane stack assembly and the inner wall of the housing 100, respectively. The gap between the mating surfaces shall not exceed 0.1mm, and the edges shall be rounded by 1-2mm to avoid scratching the end face of the membrane stack. The current collector shall be made of highly conductive copper or oxygen-free copper, in the form of a circular sheet with the same diameter as the anode rod 310 and cathode plate 320, and a thickness of 1-3mm. The central area of ​​the current collector shall be fixedly connected to the anode rod 310 / cathode plate 320 by 4-6 M4-M6 stainless steel bolts, with the bolt spacing evenly distributed on a circumference with a diameter of 150-300mm. A conductive connector shall be welded to the side of the current collector away from the electrode plate, and this connector shall have a cross-sectional area of ​​8-15mm². 2The electrode assembly 300 consists of a multi-strand copper core cable or copper busbar, 100-200mm in length, and is externally fitted with a high-temperature and acid / alkali-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulating sleeve with a thickness of 1-2mm. The conductive connector extends through the end cap mounting hole to the outside of the housing 100, with an extension length of 50-80mm. The sealing gasket is integrally molded from fluororubber or perfluoroether rubber, forming a ring structure. Its inner diameter is 0.5-1mm larger than the outer diameter of the conductive connector, and its outer diameter is consistent with the inner diameter of the end cap mounting hole, which is 20-30mm. The sealing gasket is 3-5mm thick, and its cross-section is trapezoidal or rectangular. The surface has 1-2 annular sealing grooves with a groove depth of 0.5-1mm and a width of 1-1.5mm. The sealing gasket is fitted on the outside of the conductive connector between the current collector and the end cap mounting hole. After installation, the compression is controlled at 20%-30%, and the fit gap between the sealing gasket and the end cap mounting hole does not exceed 0.05mm, effectively achieving a sealed fit between the electrode assembly 300 and the housing 100 to prevent solution leakage.

[0039] The above embodiments, by alternately stacking anion exchange membrane 220, cation exchange membrane 210 and mesh spacer 230 in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, significantly improve the effective membrane area and energy density per unit volume under the same device volume, solving the problems of large volume and low energy efficiency of existing flat-plate devices; the winding structure makes the fluid form a continuous tortuous flow path, which, together with the support and guiding effect of the mesh spacer 230, can not only weaken the fluid boundary layer thickness and reduce the concentration polarization of the membrane surface, but also uniformly distribute the fluid velocity, reduce local stagnant areas, avoid local compression or deformation of the membrane, and improve long-term operational stability; and the overall structure is compact, with higher membrane utilization and integration, which is convenient for modular design and large-scale manufacturing, and can be flexibly adapted to different scales of salinity gradient energy utilization scenarios.

[0040] Specifically, the concentrated solution inlet pipe 500 and the dilute solution inlet pipe 400 are respectively connected to the solution port of the lower end cap of the shell 100, and are connected to the inlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel respectively. The concentrated solution outlet pipe 510 and the dilute solution outlet pipe 410 are respectively connected to the solution port of the upper end cap of the shell 100, and are connected to the outlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel respectively. The concentrated solution inlet pipe 500 and the concentrated solution outlet pipe 510, and the dilute solution inlet pipe 400 and the dilute solution outlet pipe 410 are diagonally arranged to allow the solution to flow from bottom to top and diagonally. A sealing joint is provided at the connection between the pipe and the end cap to prevent solution leakage.

[0041] Specifically, both the concentrated solution inlet pipe 500 and the dilute solution inlet pipe 400 are made of polypropylene (PP) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) material that is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion and high temperature (-20℃ to 80℃). The pipes have an inner diameter of 15-30mm and a wall thickness of 2.5-4mm. The outer wall is machined with triangular external threads with a pitch of 1.5-2mm. Both are arranged vertically upwards and are respectively sealed and connected to the two solution inlets pre-set on the lower end cap of the shell 100. They are precisely connected to the inlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel. With the center of the lower end cap as the center, the centers of the two inlet inlets are distributed on a concentric circle with a diameter of 180-380mm. The concentrated solution inlet and the dilute solution inlet are diagonally positioned, with the included angle between their centers controlled between 175° and 180°. Both inlets have a stepped hole structure. The diameter of the hole on the side near the pipe is 16-31 mm, with a clearance fit to the outer diameter of the pipe and a clearance not exceeding 0.05 mm. The diameter of the hole on the side near the membrane stack is 20-35 mm. The inner wall of the inlet is machined with an internal thread of 20-30 mm in length, and the engagement length with the external thread at the end of the pipe is not less than 15 mm. The concentrated solution outlet pipe 510 and the dilute solution outlet pipe 410 use the same material, specifications, and processing technology as the inlet pipe. Both are arranged vertically downwards and are respectively connected to the two end caps on the upper end of the shell 100. The solution inlet is sealed and connected, corresponding to the outlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel. The two outlet ports of the upper end cap and the two inlet ports of the lower end cap are coaxially distributed, similarly distributed on a concentric circle with a diameter of 180-380mm, centered on the center of the end cap. The concentrated solution outlet port and the dilute solution outlet port are also diagonally set at 175°-180°, enabling both concentrated and dilute solutions to complete a bottom-in, top-out flow path along the diagonal of the membrane stack. The solution port of the upper end cap also has a stepped hole structure of the same specification, and the fitting parameters and thread engagement requirements with the outlet pipe are consistent with those of the lower end port. The concentrated solution inlet pipe 500 is connected to the concentrated solution... The diagonal centerlines between the outlet pipe 510 and between the dilute solution inlet pipe 400 and the dilute solution outlet pipe 410 all pass through the central axis of the membrane stack assembly. The connection between the pipe and the end cap opening adopts a flared transition structure with a transition section length of 25-40mm. The inner diameter smoothly expands from the inner diameter of the pipe to the width of the flow channel inlet. All pipe and end cap connections are equipped with 316L stainless steel compression fittings. The fitting body length is 35-50mm, and the inner diameter is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the pipe. It contains 2-3 perfluoroether rubber gaskets with a thickness of 2-3mm and a Shore A of 75-85 degrees. The gasket surface has a depth of 0.1-0.The pipes feature a 2mm anti-slip sealing texture, with M24-M36 clamping nuts on the joints. Tightening torque is controlled at 10-15 N·m. All pipe ends are chamfered at 45° with a radius of 1-2mm. All pipes are vertically arranged along the outer wall of the casing 100, and secured to supports on the outside of the casing 100 every 300-500mm using stainless steel pipe clamps. The bending radius at pipe bends is no less than 5 times the outer diameter of the pipe, and there are no sharp bends, creases, or other structural defects that could impede fluid flow.

[0042] In the above embodiments, by arranging the concentrated and dilute solution pipes diagonally with the upper and lower end caps of the shell 100 and adopting a bottom-in, top-out flow channel design, the solution completes the entire flow along the diagonal of the membrane stack. This significantly increases the flow path of the solution within the channel and the effective contact time with the membrane surface, thus fully improving ion exchange efficiency. At the same time, the bottom-in, top-out method allows the solution to naturally fill the channel, effectively avoiding problems such as air blockage and local stagnation. Combined with the reliable sealing of the sealing joints at the pipe and end cap connections, it prevents losses caused by solution leakage and avoids energy efficiency reduction caused by mixed flow of concentrated and dilute solutions. Furthermore, the diagonal vertical pipe layout is compatible with the overall structure of the shell 100 and the membrane stack, making the device's piping layout more compact and orderly, while also considering the convenience of installation and maintenance. This further optimizes the flow state of the fluid within the wound membrane stack, reduces concentration polarization, and continuously improves the energy conversion efficiency and long-term operational stability of the reverse electrodialysis device.

[0043] Specifically, the inner wall of the housing is provided with a positioning boss to define the axial position of the wound membrane stack assembly 200; The end caps at both ends of the housing are detachably connected to the housing by bolts. A sealing ring is provided on the mating surface of the housing and the end cap.

[0044] Specifically, the shell is integrally molded from highly corrosion-resistant 304 stainless steel or reinforced polypropylene (PP-R) material, with a smooth inner wall and controllable dimensional accuracy. The shell's inner diameter is 205-405mm, length is 350-1100mm, and wall thickness is 8-15mm. The inner wall has two integrally molded annular positioning bosses, located 30-50mm from each end face of the shell. The bosses have a height of 3-6mm and a width of 8-12mm. The inner diameter of the bosses is clearance-fitted with the 200mm outer diameter of the wound membrane stack assembly, with the clearance controlled... Within the range of 0.3-0.8mm, the flatness error of the boss end face does not exceed 0.05mm, and the surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm. This is specifically used to limit the axial position of the wound membrane stack module 200, preventing it from shifting during operation. The end caps at both ends of the shell are made of the same material as the shell, have a circular structure, and their diameter is 15-25mm larger than the outer diameter of the shell (i.e., 230-430mm), with a thickness of 10-18mm. Eight to twelve bolt holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the end cap edge, with a bolt hole diameter of 8-12mm. The center of the hole is 10-15mm from the edge of the end cap. The end cap is detachably connected to the housing using M8-M12 stainless steel fully threaded bolts. Each bolt is equipped with a 2-3mm thick 316L stainless steel flat washer and a matching spring washer. The bolt tightening torque is controlled at 18-25 N·m to ensure a tight connection. The mating surfaces of the housing and the end cap are precision milled, with a flatness error of no more than 0.03mm and a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm. The end face of the housing also has an annular sealing ring. The sealing groove is 5-8mm wide and 2-3mm deep, with no burrs or scratches on the inner wall. The sealing ring at the mating surface is made of fluororubber or perfluoroether rubber and has a ring structure. The outer diameter of the sealing ring is the same as the outer diameter of the sealing groove, the inner diameter is 1-2mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sealing groove, and the thickness is 3-4mm. The cross-section is circular or rectangular, with a Shore hardness of A70-80. After installation, the compression of the sealing ring is controlled at 30%-40%, and the surface of the sealing ring is free of defects such as bubbles, cracks, and missing material, which can achieve a reliable seal between the shell and the end cover mating surface.

[0045] The above embodiments, by alternately stacking anion exchange membrane 220, cation exchange membrane 210 and mesh spacer 230 in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, significantly improve the effective membrane area and energy density per unit volume under the same device volume, solving the problems of large volume and low energy efficiency of existing flat-plate devices; the winding structure makes the fluid form a continuous tortuous flow path, which, together with the support and guiding effect of the mesh spacer 230, effectively weakens the fluid boundary layer thickness, reduces the concentration polarization of the membrane surface, and can uniformly distribute the fluid velocity, reduce local stagnant areas, avoid local compression or deformation of the membrane, and improve the long-term operational stability of the device. At the same time, the overall structure is compact, the membrane utilization rate and integration are higher, and it is easy to modular design and large-scale manufacturing, which can flexibly adapt to different scales of salinity gradient energy utilization scenarios.

[0046] Specifically, the wound membrane stack assembly 200 also includes: A locking ring, which is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the wound membrane stack assembly 200, is used to limit the radial expansion of the wound membrane stack assembly 200. A buffer layer, which is disposed between the locking ring and the wound membrane stack assembly 200, is made of an elastic material and is used to buffer the impact of solution pressure on the membrane stack.

[0047] Specifically, the wound membrane stack module 200 also includes locking rings and a buffer layer. The locking rings are made of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant 304 or 316L stainless steel, formed by stamping and machining, and have an open ring structure. Two to four locking rings are evenly arranged axially according to the length of the membrane stack, with an axial spacing of 150-400 mm between adjacent locking rings. The inner diameter of the locking ring is 2-5 mm smaller than the initial outer diameter of the wound membrane stack module 200, with specific dimensions set at 195-395 mm corresponding to the outer diameter of the membrane stack (200-400 mm). The ring width is 20-40 mm and the thickness is 5-8 mm. Two opposing connecting lugs are provided at the ring opening, with a thickness of 8-10 mm and a width of 30-40 mm. Each lug has two bolt holes with a diameter of 8-10 mm. M8-M10 stainless steel bolts and matching nuts are used to achieve opening locking. The bolt tightening torque is controlled at 8-12 N·m. The inner wall of the ring is polished. The surface roughness Ra ≤ 1.6μm to avoid scratching the buffer layer. The buffer layer is located between the locking ring and the wound membrane stack assembly 200. It is made of acid and alkali resistant and anti-aging silicone or fluororubber material, and has an overall ring structure. The thickness is uniformly controlled at 3-6mm, and the Shore hardness is A50-60. The width of the buffer layer is consistent with the locking ring at 20-40mm, and the length is adapted to the outer circumference of the membrane stack. That is, when the outer diameter of the membrane stack is 200-400mm, the length of the buffer layer is 628-1256mm. The interface is bonded by high-temperature vulcanization process, with a bonding surface width of 10-15mm and a bonding strength ≥1.5MPa. The surface of the buffer layer is smooth and flat, without defects such as bubbles, cracks, or missing materials. It also has an embedded polyester fiber reinforcement layer with a thickness of 0.5-1mm. The reinforcement layer is impregnated with resin and has a tensile strength ≥3MPa, which can effectively prevent the buffer layer from being excessively stretched and deformed when the membrane stack expands radially, ensuring the stability of the buffering effect.

[0048] The above embodiments, by alternately stacking anion exchange membrane 220, cation exchange membrane 210 and mesh spacer 230 in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, significantly increase the effective membrane area per unit volume under the same device volume, solving the problem of low energy density in existing flat-panel devices; the winding structure allows the fluid to form a continuous tortuous flow path, which, together with the support and guiding effect of the mesh spacer 230, effectively weakens the fluid boundary layer thickness, suppresses concentration polarization on the membrane surface, evenly distributes the fluid velocity, reduces local stagnant areas, and avoids local compression or deformation of the membrane, thus solving the problem of poor operational stability of traditional devices; moreover, the overall structure is compact, with higher membrane utilization and integration, facilitating modular design and large-scale manufacturing, and can be flexibly adapted to different scales of salinity gradient energy utilization scenarios, comprehensively optimizing the overall performance of reverse electrodialysis energy conversion.

[0049] Specifically, the end caps at both ends of the housing 100 also include: an anolyte outlet 600, an anolyte inlet 610, a catholyte outlet 700, and a catholyte inlet 710; Anode liquid outlet 600 and cathode liquid outlet 700 are respectively located on the upper end cap of housing 100; The anolyte inlet 610 and the catholyte inlet 710 are respectively located on the lower end cap of the housing 100; The anolyte outlet 600 and anolyte inlet 610, and the catholyte outlet 700 and catholyte inlet 710 are diagonally arranged to allow the solution to flow from bottom to top and diagonally.

[0050] Specifically, the end caps at both ends of the housing 100 are made of the same 304 stainless steel or reinforced polypropylene (PP-R) material as the housing 100 body and are precision machined. The basic specifications of the upper and lower end caps are consistent. The overall diameter of the end caps is 230-430mm, the thickness is 10-18mm, the flatness error of the end face does not exceed 0.03mm, and the surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm. The end face of the end cap near the membrane stack module is matte-finished. The upper end cap of the housing 100 has two independent electrode liquid inlets, an anolyte outlet 600 and a catholyte outlet 700, reserved inside the concentrated and dilute solution outlet inlet. The lower end cap of the housing 100 has corresponding anolyte inlet 610 and catholyte inlet 710 reserved inside the concentrated and dilute solution inlet inlet. Two independent electrode liquid inlets, all four electrode liquid inlets are stepped through-hole structures. The inlets are divided into an outer connecting section and an inner guiding section. The connecting section near the outer end cap has a diameter of 10-20mm and a depth of 20-30mm, with a fine-pitch internal thread of 1.2-1.8mm precision machined on the inner wall for threaded sealing connection with external electrode liquid pipelines. The guiding section near the membrane stack assembly has a diameter of 12-22mm and a depth of 10-15mm, smoothly transitioning with the connecting section to form a fluid guiding channel without dead angles. The inner wall of the inlet is honed to a roughness Ra≤0.4μm, free of burrs, scratches, and other machining defects. All inlet edges are rounded with 0.5-1mm. With the end cap center as the center, the anolyte outlet 60° and the catholyte outlet... The centers of the anolyte outlets 700 are distributed on concentric circles with a diameter of 120-180 mm. These circles are located inside the distribution circle of the concentrated / diluted solution outlets, with a center-to-center distance of 30-50 mm. The anolyte outlet 600 and catholyte outlet 700 are diagonally positioned, with the included angle precisely controlled between their centers at 178°-180°. The anolyte inlet 610 and catholyte inlet 710 on the lower end cap are coaxially distributed with reference to the anolyte outlets on the upper end cap. They are also distributed on concentric circles with a diameter of 120-180 mm, centered on the end cap, inside the distribution circle of the concentrated / diluted solution inlet outlets, with a center-to-center distance of 30-50 mm. The anolyte inlet 610 and catholyte inlet 710... 710 is also set diagonally at 178°-180°, and the anolyte inlet 610 and the upper anolyte outlet 600, and the catholyte inlet 710 and the upper catholyte outlet 700 are respectively kept coaxial, with an axis overlap error of no more than 0.05mm. This achieves a diagonal correspondence between the anolyte outlet 600 and the anolyte inlet 610, and between the catholyte outlet 700 and the catholyte inlet 710, forming a standard bottom-in, top-out, diagonal electrode liquid flow path. The perpendicularity error between the axis of the four electrode liquid inlets and the end face of the end cap is no more than 0.02mm / 100mm. The connection between the inlet and the outer side of the end cap is made with a circular recessed platform with a diameter of 25-35mm and a depth of 2-3mm. The bottom surface of the recessed platform is flat and the roughness Ra≤0.The electrode fluid inlet is 8μm thick, and a solid gap of no less than 20mm is maintained between the electrode fluid inlet and the concentrated / diluted solution inlet on the end cap. The end cap thickness in the gap area remains 10-18mm without thinning to ensure the overall structural strength of the end cap. All machined edges of the electrode fluid inlets are deburred and polished to prevent scratches on the seals and connecting pipes during assembly.

[0051] In the above embodiment, by setting electrode liquid inlets in layers on the end cap of the housing 100 and adopting a diagonal bottom-in, top-out flow design for the anolyte and catholyte, the electrode liquid flows fully along the diagonal across the surfaces of the anode and cathode plates 320, significantly increasing the contact area and contact time between the electrode liquid and the electrode, ensuring the electrode reaction proceeds fully. At the same time, the bottom-in, top-out method can naturally expel air bubbles in the electrode area, effectively avoiding problems such as poor electrode contact and decreased conductivity caused by air blockage. The inner ring layout of the electrode liquid inlets and the outer concentrated and dilute solution inlets form a layered arrangement, making the end cap pipeline layout more compact and orderly, avoiding interference when connecting different pipelines, and taking into account the convenience of installation and subsequent maintenance. Moreover, the diagonally flowing electrode liquid can quickly remove the heat and by-products generated by the electrode reaction, alleviating the electrode polarization phenomenon. Combined with the same diagonal flow design of the concentrated and dilute solutions, the overall fluid flow state within the device is optimized, reducing fluid flow energy loss. It works synergistically with the electrode assembly 300 and the membrane stack assembly to further improve the overall energy conversion efficiency and long-term operational stability and reliability of the reverse electrodialysis device.

[0052] Specifically, the end of the current collector extending to the outside of the housing 100 is provided with a wiring terminal. The wiring terminal has a detachable structure, and its surface has wiring holes and is equipped with locking bolts. An insulating protective sleeve is fitted on the outside of the terminal block, and the insulating protective sleeve is sealed and fitted to the outer wall of the mounting hole of the end cover; Both the anode rod 310 and the cathode plate 320 are provided with conductive protrusions on the side near the wound membrane stack assembly 200, and the conductive protrusions make multi-point contact with the end face of the wound membrane stack assembly 200. The length of the insulating protective sleeve is greater than the exposed length of the wiring terminal.

[0053] Specifically, a terminal block is fixedly installed at the end of the current collector extending outside the housing 100. This terminal block is made of high-conductivity copper or brass and machined into a detachable cylindrical structure, with a length of 25-40 mm and an outer diameter of 18-25 mm. The surface of the terminal body is silver-plated (plating thickness 0.05-0.1 mm) to reduce contact resistance. The terminal block has 1-2 circular wiring holes along the axial direction, with a hole diameter of 6-10 mm. The inner wall of the hole is knurled (knurling modulus 0.3-0.5 mm). One [unclear - possibly a device or tool] is provided next to each wiring hole. Stainless steel locking bolts of M6-M8 specification, with bolt shank length of 15-20mm, and tightening torque controlled at 6-10 N·m. The bottom of the terminal is detachably connected to the current collector conductive connector via M12-M16 thread, with a thread engagement length of not less than 12mm. An insulating protective sleeve is tightly fitted around the outside of the terminal. This protective sleeve is integrally injection molded from high-voltage (≥10kV), acid and alkali resistant polytetrafluoroethylene or epoxy resin material. The inner diameter is 0.2-0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the terminal, and the fit between the outer diameter and the outer wall of the end cap mounting hole is 30-40mm. The sheath length is 40-60mm, while the exposed length of the terminal block is 20-30mm, ensuring that the length of the insulating protective sheath is 15-30mm longer than the exposed length of the terminal block. An annular sealing shoulder is provided at one end of the protective sheath near the end cap, with a shoulder width of 8-12mm and a thickness of 3-5mm. A fluororubber sealing ring achieves a tight seal with the outer wall of the mounting hole on the end cap, with a clearance not exceeding 0.03mm. Both the anode rod 310 and the cathode plate 320 have integrally formed conductive protrusions on the side near the wound membrane stack assembly 200. The material of the protrusions is consistent with the electrode body (titanium-based ruthenium-plated). The conductive protrusions (iron coating or graphite) are uniformly distributed in cylindrical or hemispherical structures. The cylindrical protrusions have a height of 1.5-3 mm and a bottom diameter of 2-4 mm, while the hemispherical protrusions have a spherical radius of 1-2 mm. Each electrode has 36-64 conductive protrusions distributed in a 6×6 or 8×8 matrix. The center-to-center distance between adjacent protrusions is 25-40 mm. The top flatness error of all conductive protrusions does not exceed 0.15 mm. They form 36-64 uniform contact points with the end face of the wound membrane stack 200, and the total contact area accounts for 5%-8% of the electrode surface area.

[0054] The above embodiments, by alternately stacking anion exchange membrane 220, cation exchange membrane 210 and mesh spacer 230 in a predetermined order and then winding them along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack, significantly improve the effective membrane area and energy density per unit volume under the same device volume, solving the pain points of large volume and low energy efficiency of traditional devices; the winding structure makes the fluid form a continuous tortuous flow path, which, together with the support and guiding effect of mesh spacer 230, can not only weaken the fluid boundary layer thickness and suppress the concentration polarization of the membrane surface, but also uniformly distribute the fluid velocity and reduce local stagnant areas. In addition, the locking ring restricts the radial expansion of the membrane stack and the buffer layer buffers the impact of solution pressure; and the overall structure is compact, with higher membrane utilization and integration, which is convenient for modular design and large-scale manufacturing, and can be flexibly adapted to different scales of salinity gradient energy utilization scenarios, comprehensively optimizing the overall performance of reverse electrodialysis energy conversion.

[0055] This embodiment constructs a cylindrical membrane stack through a winding method, enabling the membrane arrangement, fluid flow path, and overall stress state of the membrane stack to work in synergy, thus distinguishing it from the structural form of existing flat-plate reverse electrodialysis devices. This technical solution is not a simple modification of the flat-plate structure, but rather creates substantial differences in structure and operating characteristics, resulting in a comprehensive improvement in membrane area per unit volume, fluid distribution uniformity, and operational stability.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0057] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0058] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0059] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device, characterized in that, include: The shell has an internal compartment, and end caps are provided at both ends of the shell. The end caps have mounting holes and solution inlets that communicate with the interior. A wound membrane stack assembly is housed inside the receiving chamber of the housing. The wound membrane stack assembly is wound around the central axis of the housing and is composed of alternately stacked ion exchange membranes and spacers. The electrode assembly is fitted to both ends of the membrane stack assembly through the mounting holes of the end cap and forms an electrical connection with the wound membrane stack assembly.

2. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wound membrane stack assembly includes: Anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes are arranged alternately in a preset order; A spacer is disposed between adjacent anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes. The spacer, together with the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane, forms a stacked unit. The stacked unit is wound and stacked along the central axis to form a cylindrical membrane stack. In this process, flow channels are formed between adjacent stacked units. These flow channels include concentrated solution flow channels and dilute solution flow channels, which are alternately distributed along the radial direction of the membrane stack to maintain a stable salinity gradient during reverse electrodialysis.

3. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spacer includes: The supporting substrate is a mesh structure with through-pores, and the pores of the supporting substrate are uniformly distributed. The flow-guiding protrusions are disposed on both sides of the support substrate and extend in a predetermined direction to form a flow-guiding path in the flow channel to improve the solution flow distribution. The thickness of the supporting substrate is matched with the thickness of the ion exchange membrane to prevent the membrane from deforming under pressure.

4. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cross-sections of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel are arc-shaped along the winding direction of the membrane stack.

5. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode assembly includes: The anode rod is located in the middle of the membrane stack assembly and its two ends penetrate through the end faces of the membrane stack assembly. The two ends of the anode rod are parallel and attached to the end faces of the membrane stack assembly. The cathode plate is in close contact with the inner wall of the housing. A current collector is disposed at both ends of the anode rod and on the outside of the cathode plate, and the current collector extends to the outside of the housing through a conductive connector; A sealing gasket is fitted between the current collector and the end cap mounting hole to achieve a sealed fit between the electrode assembly and the housing.

6. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentrated solution inlet pipe and the dilute solution inlet pipe are respectively connected to the solution port of the lower end cap of the shell, and are connected to the inlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel respectively. The concentrated solution outlet pipe and the dilute solution outlet pipe are respectively connected to the solution inlet of the upper end cap of the shell, and are connected to the outlet ends of the concentrated solution flow channel and the dilute solution flow channel respectively. The concentrated solution inlet pipe and the concentrated solution outlet pipe, and the dilute solution inlet pipe and the dilute solution outlet pipe are diagonally arranged to allow the solution to flow from bottom to top and diagonally. A sealing joint is provided at the connection between the pipe and the end cap to prevent solution leakage.

7. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the housing is provided with a positioning boss for defining the axial position of the wound membrane stack assembly. The end caps at both ends of the housing are detachably connected to the housing by bolts. A sealing ring is provided on the mating surface of the housing and the end cap.

8. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wound membrane stack assembly also includes: A locking ring, which is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the wound membrane stack assembly, is used to limit the radial expansion of the wound membrane stack assembly. A buffer layer, which is disposed between the locking ring and the wound membrane stack assembly, is made of an elastic material and is used to buffer the impact of solution pressure on the membrane stack.

9. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The end caps at both ends of the housing also include: an anolyte outlet, an anolyte inlet, a catholyte outlet, and a catholyte inlet; The anolyte outlet and the catholyte outlet are respectively located on the upper end cap of the housing; The anolyte inlet and the catholyte inlet are respectively located on the lower end cap of the housing; The anolyte outlet and anolyte inlet, and the catholyte outlet and catholyte inlet are diagonally arranged to allow the solution to flow diagonally from bottom to top.

10. The wound cylindrical reverse electrodialysis energy conversion device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The end of the current collector extending to the outside of the housing is provided with a wiring terminal. The wiring terminal is a detachable structure with wiring holes and locking bolts on its surface. An insulating protective sleeve is provided on the outside of the terminal block, and the insulating protective sleeve is sealed and fitted to the outer wall of the mounting hole of the end cover; Both the anode rod and the cathode plate have conductive protrusions on the side near the wound membrane stack assembly, and the conductive protrusions make multi-point contact with the end face of the wound membrane stack assembly.

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