A water-based zinc ion battery capable of working in a wide temperature range

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of rechargeable secondary batteries, and particularly relates to a water-based zinc ion battery capable of working in a wide temperature range, which is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte. The positive electrode material is an n-type organic substance; the negative electrode is a metal zinc foil or a metal zinc powder; the electrolyte takes deionized water as a main solvent, takes inorganic lithium salt or inorganic sodium salt and a small amount of organic zinc salt as solutes, has the characteristics of high boiling point and low freezing point, and shows good ion conductivity in a relatively wide temperature range (-40 DEG C to 100 DEG C). Different from traditional zinc ion batteries, the zinc ion battery proposed in the application can stably work in the temperature range of -40 DEG C to 100 DEG C, shows good rate performance and cycle stability, and can be used for large-scale energy storage devices in extreme environments such as military and aerospace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery technology, specifically relating to an aqueous zinc-ion battery that can operate over a wide temperature range. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and flow batteries, have been widely used in various small electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large energy storage devices. However, it is well known that these traditional battery systems exhibit high toxicity and environmental unfriendliness. Zinc-based aqueous rechargeable batteries, with their advantages of high specific capacity, safety, reliability, and low cost, represent a highly promising large-scale energy storage system.

[0003] However, the practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is severely limited by problems such as uncontrollable dendrite growth, low coulombic efficiency, and poor temperature resistance. The failure mechanisms of aqueous zinc-ion batteries at extreme temperatures mainly involve electrolyte freezing, increased polarization, decreased ionic conductivity, severe side reactions, material dissolution, and thermal runaway. When the temperature approaches or reaches the freezing point of the electrolyte, the electrolyte exhibits extremely low ionic conductivity and ultra-high viscosity, significantly increasing the interfacial resistance of the electrode reaction. Furthermore, under high-temperature conditions, the electrolyte is prone to oxidative decomposition, leading to increased impedance of the SEI film on the electrode surface and even damaging the internal structure of the electrode material, posing a risk of explosion.

[0004] As mentioned above, developing electrolytes with high boiling points, low freezing points, high ionic conductivity over a wide temperature range, and low viscosity is an important means to improve the performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries under extreme temperatures. However, very few aqueous electrolytes can simultaneously possess both high boiling points and low melting points. This invention provides a zinc-ion electrolyte with a wide operating temperature range, using deionized water as the main solvent. Deionized water, as a polar proton solvent, can effectively dissolve inorganic lithium salts, inorganic sodium salts, and organic zinc salts. Moreover, deionized water has advantages such as high ionic conductivity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, it is worth noting that deionized water as a solvent has a narrow electrochemical stability window, thus limiting the widespread application of zinc-ion batteries. This invention, for the first time, mixes it with an organic solvent that has a high boiling point, low freezing point, and a wide electrochemical operating window to construct a zinc-ion battery system that can operate stably over a wide temperature range (-40℃–100℃). Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to prepare a low-cost, long-cycle-life aqueous zinc-ion battery with a wide operating temperature range. This aqueous zinc-ion battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode material is an n-type organic compound; the negative electrode is metallic zinc foil or metallic zinc powder. The electrolyte uses deionized water as the main solvent, with a large amount of inorganic lithium salt or inorganic sodium salt and a small amount of organic zinc salt as solutes, exhibiting good ionic conductivity over a wide temperature range (-40℃ to 100℃). Its working principle mainly involves the reaction of Zn during charging and discharging. 2+ It inserts and extracts back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0006] The wide-temperature-range zinc ion electrolyte of this invention is characterized in that it uses deionized water as the main solvent, and may also use one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, dimethyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate, and dimethyl sulfoxide as co-solvents. The main function of the co-solvent is to adjust the viscosity of the electrolyte.

[0007] The wide-temperature-range zinc ion electrolyte of the present invention is characterized in that the solute comprises an inorganic lithium salt and an organic zinc salt, wherein the inorganic lithium salt may be selected from one or more of lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium sulfate, and lithium carbonate. The organic zinc salt is primarily zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate.

[0008] The wide-temperature-range zinc ion electrolyte of the present invention is characterized in that the solute comprises an inorganic sodium salt and an organic zinc salt, wherein the inorganic sodium salt may be selected from one or more of sodium perchlorate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate. The organic zinc salt is primarily zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate.

[0009] The wide-temperature-range zinc ion electrolyte of the present invention is characterized in that the concentration range of lithium ions is 5 to 10 mol / L and the concentration range of zinc ions is 0.1 to 3 mol / L.

[0010] The wide-temperature-range zinc ion electrolyte of the present invention is characterized in that the concentration range of sodium ions is 5 to 17 mol / L and the concentration range of zinc ions is 0.01 to 3 mol / L.

[0011] The positive electrode of the present invention is characterized in that it is mainly composed of an active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a current collector.

[0012] The negative electrode of this invention is characterized in that the thickness of the zinc foil can be 0.02 mm thin zinc, 0.05 mm medium zinc, or 0.1 mm thick zinc. The purity of the zinc powder is 97-99.9%.

[0013] The positive electrode of the present invention is characterized in that its active material is an n-type organic compound, including one or a mixture of several of the following: poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS), carbonyl compounds (pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO), 5,7,12,14-pentaphenyltetrazine (PT)), carboxyl compounds (carboxyl-substituted dipyridinophenazine (CDPPZ)), nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives (bipyridine [3',2':5,6; 2”,3”:7,8]quinoxaline [2,3-i]bipyridine [3,2-a:2',3'-c]benzine-10,21-dione (DQDPD)), and sulfonamide compounds (N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)diethyl ether sulfonamide (PDESA)).

[0014] The positive electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the current collector is one or more composites of titanium mesh, titanium foil, stainless steel mesh, porous stainless steel strip, stainless steel foil, carbon cloth, carbon mesh, and carbon felt.

[0015] The positive electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the binder is one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), water-soluble rubber, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

[0016] The positive electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the conductive additive is one or more of Ketjen black, activated carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, graphite, and mesoporous carbon. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To further illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is described in the following specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% N,N-dimethylformamide as a co-solvent, lithium nitrate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. The carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (Ketjen Black): binder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using a 0.02mm thin zinc oxide layer as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag-1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a capacity of 220 mAh g / L was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 165 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 180 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 90% (see Table 2).

[0020] Example 2

[0021] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% N,N-dimethylacetamide as a co-solvent, lithium nitrate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. The carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (Ketjen Black): binder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using 0.05mm medium-sized zinc as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 200 mAh g / L was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 151 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 170 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 93% (see Table 2).

[0022] Example 3

[0023] Using deionized water as the solvent and 10% acetonitrile as a co-solvent, lithium nitrate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. The carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (acetylene black): binder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using 0.05mm medium-sized zinc as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 215 mAh g / L was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 158 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 164 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 88% (see Table 2).

[0024] Example 4

[0025] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% dimethyl phosphate as a co-solvent, lithium nitrate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. The carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (acetylene black): binder (carboxymethyl cellulose CMC) = 60:30:10, and then uniformly coated onto titanium foil to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using 0.05mm medium-sized zinc as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 213 mAh g / L was achieved. -1The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 156 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 173 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 85% (see Table 2).

[0026] Example 5

[0027] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% diethyl phosphate as a co-solvent, lithium nitrate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. Poly(benzoquinone sulfonate) (PBQS), a carbonyl compound, was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (Ketjen Black): binder (PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a stainless steel mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using a 0.02mm thin zinc oxide layer as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 201 mAh g / L was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 140 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 162 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 86% (see Table 2).

[0028] Example 6

[0029] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% N,N-dimethylformamide as a co-solvent, sodium perchlorate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. Carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (Ketjen Black): binder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using a 0.02mm thin zinc oxide layer as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 223 mAh g / L was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 170 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 190 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 90% (see Table 2).

[0030] Example 7

[0031] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% N,N-dimethylacetamide as a co-solvent, sodium perchlorate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. The carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (Ketjen Black): binder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using 0.05mm medium-sized zinc as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 218 mAh g / L was achieved. -1The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 168 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 185 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 92% (see Table 2).

[0032] Example 8

[0033] Using deionized water as the solvent and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide as a co-solvent, sodium perchlorate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. The carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (acetylene black): binder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using a 0.02mm thin zinc oxide layer as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted on the current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 221 mAh g⁻¹ was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 169 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 187 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 90% (see Table 2).

[0034] Example 9

[0035] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% dimethyl phosphate as a co-solvent, sodium perchlorate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. Poly(benzoquinone sulfonate) (PBQS), a carbonyl compound, was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (acetylene black): binder (carboxymethyl cellulose CMC) = 60:30:10, and then uniformly coated onto titanium foil to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using a 0.02mm thin zinc oxide layer as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted on the current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 217 mAh g⁻¹ was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 166 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 185 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 89% (see Table 2).

[0036] Example 10

[0037] Using deionized water as solvent and 20% diethyl phosphate as a co-solvent, sodium perchlorate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L. Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. Poly(benzoquinone sulfonate) (PBQS), a carbonyl compound, was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (Ketjen Black): binder (PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using 0.1 mm thick zinc as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge tester at 0.2 Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 216 mAh g / L was achieved. -1The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 163 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 182 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 95% (see Table 2).

[0038] Example 11

[0039] Using deionized water as solvent, 10% dimethyl phosphate and 10% N,N-dimethylformamide were added as co-solvents. Sodium perchlorate was dissolved in deionized water at concentrations of 5, 8, and 10 mol / L, and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was dissolved in the above deionized water at a concentration of 2 mol / L to obtain the wide-temperature electrolyte. The carbonyl compound poly(benzoquinone sulfide) (PBQS) was used as the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode sheet was prepared as follows: a slurry was mixed according to the ratio of active material (PBQS): conductive agent (Ketjen Black): binder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) = 60:30:10, rolled into a film, dried, cut, and pressed onto a titanium mesh to form the positive electrode sheet. In this embodiment, the positive electrode loading was 2 mg cm⁻¹. -2 Then, using 0.05mm medium-sized zinc as the negative electrode and glass fiber as the battery separator, a coin cell was assembled. The assembled zinc-ion battery was tested on a Blue Electric charge-discharge instrument at 0.2Ag. -1 ~100Ag -1 Charge-discharge tests were conducted using the specified current density, and at room temperature (25°C), a current density of 213 mAh g / L was achieved. -1 The specific capacity (calculated based on the mass of the positive electrode active material) can reach 157 mAh g at a low temperature of -40℃. -1 The specific capacity reaches 179 mAh g at a high temperature of 100℃. -1 (See Table 1). Furthermore, at room temperature (25°C), with 10 Ag... -1 After 20,000 cycles at the current density, the capacity retention rate reached 91% (see Table 2).

[0040] Table 1. Performance comparison of PBQS electrode materials in zinc-ion batteries with different electrolytes at different temperatures.

[0041]

[0042] Table 2 Comparison of cycle performance of PBQS electrode materials in zinc-ion batteries with different electrolytes

[0043]

Claims

1. The aqueous zinc-ion battery proposed in this invention, which can operate over a wide temperature range, is characterized in that... The positive electrode uses an n-type organic material, and the negative electrode is a zinc foil or zinc powder. The electrolyte uses deionized water as the main solvent and a large amount of inorganic lithium salt or inorganic sodium salt and a small amount of organic zinc salt as solutes. It exhibits good ionic conductivity over a wide temperature range (-40℃ to 100℃).

2. The wide-temperature-range zinc ion electrolyte of claim 1, characterized in that it uses deionized water as the main solvent, and may also select one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, dimethyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate, and dimethyl sulfoxide as co-solvents. The main function of the co-solvent is to adjust the viscosity of the electrolyte.

3. The wide temperature range zinc ion electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solute includes inorganic lithium salts and organic zinc salts, wherein the inorganic lithium salts can be selected from one or more of lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium sulfate, and lithium carbonate. The organic zinc salt is primarily zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate.

4. The wide temperature range zinc ion electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solute includes inorganic sodium salts and organic zinc salts, wherein the inorganic sodium salts can be one or more selected from sodium chloride, sodium perchlorate, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate. The organic zinc salts are primarily zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate.

5. The wide temperature range zinc ion electrolyte according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that, The concentration range of lithium ions is 5–10 mol / L, and the concentration range of zinc ions is 0.1–3 mol / L.

6. The wide temperature range zinc ion electrolyte according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that, The concentration of sodium ions ranges from 5 to 17 mol / L, and the concentration of zinc ions ranges from 0.01 to 3 mol / L.

7. The positive electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mainly composed of an active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a current collector.

8. The negative electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the zinc foil can be 0.02 mm for thin zinc, 0.05 mm for medium zinc, or 0.1 mm for thick zinc. The purity of the zinc powder is 97–99.9%.

9. The positive electrode according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that, Its active substances are n-type organic compounds, including one or a mixture of several of the following: carbonyl compounds (pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO), 5,7,12,14-pentaphenyltetrazine (PT)), carboxyl compounds (carboxyl-substituted dipyridinophenazine (CDPPZ)), nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives (bipyridine [3',2':5,6; 2”,3”:7,8]quinoxaline [2,3-i]bipyridine [3,2-a:2',3'-c]benzine-10,21-dione (DQDPD)), and sulfonamide compounds (N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)diethyl ether sulfonamide (PDESA)).

10. The positive electrode according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that, The current collector is one or more composites of titanium mesh, titanium foil, stainless steel mesh, porous stainless steel strip, stainless steel foil, carbon cloth, carbon mesh, and carbon felt.

11. The positive electrode as described in claims 1 and 7, characterized in that, The adhesive is one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), water-soluble rubber, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

12. The positive electrode as described in claims 1 and 7, characterized in that, The conductive additive is one or more of activated carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, graphite, and mesoporous carbon.

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