Energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for water system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of energy storage thermal management, in particular to an energy storage temperature control system with automatic water system pressure compensation, which comprises a circulating mechanism, a temperature control mechanism and a pressure compensation mechanism. The circulating mechanism forms a cooling liquid circulating loop; the temperature control mechanism exchanges heat with the cooling liquid. The pressure compensation mechanism comprises a liquid storage container, a liquid supplementing pump, a pressure relief valve, a pressure detection piece and a control unit. The control unit is provided with a first preset value and a second preset value greater than the first preset value. When the pressure is lower than the first preset value, the control unit starts the liquid supplementing pump to supplement liquid; when the pressure is higher than the second preset value, the control unit opens the pressure relief valve to release pressure. According to the application, the pressure buffer interval is set to actively adjust, the pipeline pressure can be maintained in a reasonable interval within a large pressure fluctuation range, the dependence on the air chamber volume is reduced, and the system compact design is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage thermal management technology, specifically to an energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for water systems. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage temperature control systems are widely used in industrial and commercial energy storage, mobile energy storage, charging piles and vehicle scenarios to manage the heat generated during battery charging and discharging. Liquid cooling temperature control systems drive coolant to flow in circulation pipelines through circulation pumps and use heat exchangers and refrigeration components to regulate the temperature of coolant.

[0003] However, in actual operation, the temperature of the coolant in the circulation pipeline will fluctuate significantly due to changes in the load of the energy storage system and fluctuations in ambient temperature. When the coolant temperature rises, its volume expands, leading to an increase in pressure within the pipeline; when the coolant temperature drops, its volume contracts, leading to a decrease in pressure within the pipeline. If this pressure fluctuation is not regulated in a timely and effective manner, excessively high pipeline pressure may cause leaks at pipeline joints or even pipeline rupture, while excessively low pipeline pressure may cause problems such as cavitation in the circulation pump and insufficient coolant flow.

[0004] In existing technologies, some liquid cooling temperature control systems use expansion tanks to buffer pressure fluctuations. The expansion tank passively adapts to pressure changes through the compression and expansion of its internal gas chamber. However, the gas chamber needs to be pre-filled with gas at a certain pressure, and the volume of the gas chamber directly determines the amount of coolant volume change that can be buffered. Under conditions of drastic load changes in the energy storage system or large fluctuations in ambient temperature, the amount of coolant volume change may exceed the buffering capacity of the expansion tank. At the same time, the large gas chamber volume requirement leads to an increase in the size of the expansion tank, which is not conducive to the compact design of the energy storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides an energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for water systems.

[0006] The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for water systems provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for water systems, comprising:

[0008] The circulation mechanism includes a circulation pipeline and a circulation pump disposed on the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline has an inlet end and an outlet end, which are used to connect with external heat exchange equipment to form a coolant circulation loop.

[0009] A temperature control mechanism includes a heat exchanger and a refrigeration assembly. The heat exchanger is disposed on the circulation pipeline, and the refrigeration assembly is connected to the heat exchanger via a refrigerant pipeline to form a refrigerant circulation loop. The heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation loop and the coolant in the circulation pipeline.

[0010] The pressure compensation mechanism includes a liquid storage container, a replenishment pump, a pressure relief valve, a pressure detection element, and a control unit. The pressure detection element is installed on the circulation pipeline. The liquid storage container is connected to the circulation pipeline through the replenishment pump to form a replenishment branch. The liquid storage container is connected to the circulation pipeline through the pressure relief valve to form a pressure relief branch.

[0011] The control unit is electrically connected to the pressure detection device, the replenishment pump, and the pressure relief valve, respectively. The control unit is used to set a first preset value and a second preset value, wherein the second preset value is greater than the first preset value. When the pressure value detected by the pressure detection device is lower than the first preset value, the control unit controls the replenishment pump to start to replenish the circulation pipeline. When the pressure value detected by the pressure detection device is higher than the second preset value, the control unit controls the pressure relief valve to open to drain the coolant in the circulation pipeline back to the storage container.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure detection device monitors the pressure of the circulation pipeline in real time, and works with the replenishment pump and pressure relief valve to perform active bidirectional regulation. When the pressure is too low, the replenishment pump replenishes coolant from the storage container to the circulation pipeline to increase the pressure. When the pressure is too high, the pressure relief valve drains excess coolant from the circulation pipeline back to the storage container to reduce the pressure. It can maintain the pipeline pressure within a reasonable range within a large pressure fluctuation range. Compared with passive expansion tanks, it has a larger pressure regulation range and reduces the dependence on the gas chamber volume, which is conducive to the compact design of the energy storage temperature control system.

[0013] Preferably, the control unit is configured to: immediately stop the replenishment pump when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor rises from below the first preset value to between the first preset value and the second preset value; and control the pressure relief valve to close after a delay of 3 to 10 seconds when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor falls from above the second preset value to between the first preset value and the second preset value.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution and employing an asymmetric response control strategy, the fluid replenishment immediately stops when the pressure returns to normal to prevent overpressure, while the pressure relief valve closes with a delay when the pressure returns to normal. This delayed closure strategy can, on the one hand, avoid repeated pressure oscillations near the second preset critical point, which would cause the pressure relief valve to frequently start and stop, thus extending the valve's lifespan; on the other hand, the delayed closure allows the fluid storage container to absorb more coolant, reserving a larger buffer space for the next possible temperature rise and pressure fluctuation, reflecting predictive intelligent control and further improving system stability.

[0015] Preferably, the replenishment branch is further provided with a first one-way valve, the first one-way valve being open from the liquid storage container to the circulation pipeline, and the pressure relief branch is further provided with a second one-way valve, the second one-way valve being open from the circulation pipeline to the liquid storage container.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the first check valve prevents the high-pressure coolant in the circulation pipeline from flowing back into the storage container when the replenishment pump is not working, and the second check valve prevents the coolant in the storage container from flowing back into the circulation pipeline after the pressure relief valve is closed. The two check valves respectively restrict the one-way flow of the replenishment branch and the pressure relief branch, ensuring that the coolant flows only in the preset direction and avoiding mutual interference between the replenishment and pressure relief functions.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature control mechanism further includes an electric heating element electrically connected to the control unit, the electric heating element being disposed on the circulation pipeline for heating the coolant in the circulation pipeline.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, in low-temperature environments or when the energy storage system needs to be heated, the heating demand cannot be met by relying solely on the refrigeration components. By installing electric heating elements on the circulation pipeline, the temperature control mechanism can simultaneously have bidirectional temperature regulation capabilities for both cooling and heating. The control unit can flexibly switch between cooling and heating modes according to temperature requirements, thus expanding the applicable temperature range of the energy storage temperature control system.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure compensation mechanism further includes an expansion tank, which includes a tank body and an expansion bladder located inside the tank body. The expansion bladder divides the space inside the tank body into a water chamber and an air chamber, and the water chamber is connected to the circulation pipeline.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the expansion tank divides the interior of the tank into a water chamber and a gas chamber through the expansion bladder. When the coolant in the circulation pipeline expands in volume due to the increase in temperature, the excess coolant enters the water chamber to compress the gas in the gas chamber to absorb pressure pulses. When the coolant temperature decreases and the volume shrinks, the gas in the gas chamber expands and pushes the coolant in the water chamber back into the circulation pipeline. This provides an immediate passive and flexible buffer for short-term pressure fluctuations in the circulation pipeline and compensates for relatively smaller pressure changes.

[0021] Preferably, the pressure compensation mechanism further includes a degassing component, which includes a connecting pipe with both ends connected to the liquid storage container and the gas chamber respectively, and a degassing pipe located inside the liquid storage container and connected to the connecting pipe. The side wall of the degassing pipe is provided with a plurality of air vents, and the outer peripheral surface of the degassing pipe is covered with a hydrophobic degassing membrane.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the hydrophobic degassing membrane is designed to restrict gas from entering the degassing pipe. When the expansion bladder inside the tank contracts due to pressure fluctuations in the circulation pipeline, a negative pressure is generated inside the degassing pipe, thereby enhancing the absorption effect of the degassing pipe on the dissolved gas in the coolant in the storage container. The absorbed gas is then guided to the gas chamber of the expansion tank through the connecting pipe for collection, preventing the dissolved gas from entering the circulation pipeline with the coolant and affecting the heat exchange efficiency and normal operation of the circulation pump.

[0023] Preferably, the degassing assembly further includes an exhaust pipe with one end connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe and the other end connected to the outside of the liquid storage container, a third one-way valve installed in the exhaust pipe, and a fourth one-way valve installed in the degassing pipe. The exhaust pipe passes through the side wall of the liquid storage container, the conduction direction of the third one-way valve faces the outside of the liquid storage container, and the fourth one-way valve is installed at the end of the degassing pipe connected to the connecting pipe, and its conduction direction faces the connecting pipe.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the fourth one-way valve ensures that the gas absorbed by the degassing pipe can only enter the connecting pipe in one direction and will not flow back to the coolant in the storage container, thus ensuring the continuity of the degassing effect. When the gas pressure accumulated in the gas chamber reaches a certain value, the third one-way valve opens and discharges the excess gas to the outside of the storage container through the exhaust pipe, so that the expansion tank can achieve degassing and exhaust circulation while compensating for pressure.

[0025] Preferably, the expansion tank further includes an elastic membrane disposed in the gas chamber, the periphery of which is sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the tank body, and the interface between the connecting pipe and the tank body is directly opposite the elastic membrane. The elastic membrane divides the gas chamber into a buffer gas chamber and a connecting chamber, and the connecting chamber is connected to the connecting pipe.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic membrane is set in the gas chamber and its shape is the same as the cross-section of the tank. When the temperature of the coolant in the circulation pipeline decreases and its volume shrinks, the coolant in the water chamber flows back to the circulation pipeline, and the expansion bladder shrinks accordingly, increasing the space in the connecting cavity. At this time, the elastic membrane undergoes elastic deformation under the action of pressure change in the gas chamber. This deformation is transmitted to the degassing pipe through the connecting pipe to generate a negative pressure effect, thereby enhancing the degassing pipe's absorption capacity of dissolved gas in the coolant in the storage container and improving the degassing efficiency. At the same time, the elastic membrane isolates the gas accumulated in the gas chamber from the connecting pipe interface, preventing the gas used for buffering and regulation in the gas chamber from being accidentally discharged through the connecting pipe during pressure fluctuations.

[0027] Preferably, the degassing assembly further includes a rotating rod located inside the liquid storage container and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the liquid storage container, and disturbance blades arranged in a circumferential array fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating rod. The liquid storage container is provided with a nozzle communicating with the pressure relief branch. The liquid outlet direction of the nozzle is toward the disturbance blades and is set at a preset angle with the radial direction of the rotating rod. The coolant sprayed from the nozzle can impact the disturbance blades to drive the rotating rod to rotate.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the nozzle sprays the coolant flowing back from the circulation pipeline onto the agitator blades at a certain angle. The impact force of the liquid flow drives the rotating rod to rotate, and the rotating rod drives the agitator blades to continuously stir the coolant in the storage container. On the one hand, this accelerates the release of dissolved gases in the coolant and improves the gas absorption efficiency of the degassing pipe; on the other hand, it makes the temperature distribution of the coolant in the storage container more uniform.

[0029] Preferably, the rotating rod is located on one side of the degassing pipe and parallel to the degassing pipe, and the surface of the rotating rod is formed with disturbance strips.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the swivel is set parallel to one side of the degassing tube, so that the liquid flow generated by the agitation of the turbulent blades can flow evenly across the surface of the degassing tube along the length of the tube. The turbulence strips formed on the surface of the swivel generate local disturbances to the surrounding coolant during rotation, which causes the dissolved gas in the coolant to be accelerated to precipitate and form microbubbles. These microbubbles are transported to the hydrophobic degassing membrane surface of the degassing tube under the entrainment of the turbulent liquid flow and adhere to it, so that the degassing tube can more efficiently draw the bubbles attached to the membrane surface into the tube under negative pressure.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. The pressure detection device monitors the circulation pipeline pressure in real time and works with the replenishment pump and pressure relief valve to actively regulate it in both directions. When the pressure is too low, the replenishment pump adds coolant from the storage container to the circulation pipeline to increase the pressure. When the pressure is too high, the pressure relief valve drains excess coolant from the circulation pipeline back to the storage container to reduce the pressure. It can maintain the pipeline pressure within a reasonable range within a large pressure fluctuation range. Compared with passive expansion tanks, it has a larger pressure regulation range and reduces the dependence on the gas chamber volume, which is conducive to the compact design of the energy storage temperature control system.

[0033] 2. An elastic membrane is installed in the gas chamber and has the same shape as the cross-section of the tank. When the temperature of the coolant in the circulation pipeline decreases and its volume shrinks, the coolant in the water chamber flows back to the circulation pipeline, and the expansion bladder shrinks accordingly, increasing the space in the connecting cavity. At this time, the elastic membrane undergoes elastic deformation under the action of pressure change in the gas chamber. This deformation is transmitted to the degassing pipe through the connecting pipe to generate a negative pressure effect, thereby enhancing the degassing pipe's ability to absorb dissolved gases in the coolant in the storage container and improving degassing efficiency. At the same time, the elastic membrane isolates the gas accumulated in the gas chamber from the connecting pipe interface, preventing the gas used for buffering and regulation in the gas chamber from being accidentally discharged through the connecting pipe during pressure fluctuations.

[0034] 3. The nozzle sprays the coolant returning from the circulation pipe at a certain angle onto the agitator blades. The impact force of the liquid flow drives the rotating rod to rotate, which in turn drives the agitator blades to continuously stir the coolant in the storage container. This accelerates the release of dissolved gases in the coolant, improving the gas absorption efficiency of the degassing pipe, and makes the temperature distribution of the coolant in the storage container more uniform. The rotating rod is set parallel to one side of the degassing pipe, so that the liquid flow generated by the agitator blades can flow evenly across the surface of the degassing pipe along its length. The agitator strips formed on the surface of the rotating rod generate local disturbances to the surrounding coolant during rotation, causing the dissolved gases in the coolant to precipitate more quickly and form microbubbles. These microbubbles are carried by the turbulent liquid flow to the hydrophobic degassing membrane surface of the degassing pipe and adhere to it. This allows the degassing pipe to more efficiently draw the bubbles attached to the membrane surface into the pipe under negative pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of an energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the circulation mechanism and the pressure compensation mechanism in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the temperature control mechanism in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0038] Figure 4This is a cross-sectional view of the liquid storage container and expansion tank of Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Circulation mechanism; 11. Circulation pipeline; 111. Inlet water end; 112. Outlet water end; 12. Circulation pump; 13. Y-type filter; 14. Liquid injection and drain valve; 15. Automatic air vent valve; 16. Return water temperature sensor; 17. Outlet water temperature sensor; 2. Temperature control mechanism; 21. Heat exchanger; 22. Refrigeration assembly; 221. Compressor; 222. Condenser; 223. Electronic expansion valve; 224. Condenser fan; 23. Refrigerant pipeline; 24. Electric heating element; 25. Low-pressure sensor; 26. High-pressure sensor; 27. Suction air temperature sensor; 28. Exhaust air temperature sensor; 29. ​​Ambient temperature sensor; 3. Pressure compensation mechanism; 31. Liquid storage container; 311. Nozzle; 32. Liquid pump; 321, Liquid replenishment branch; 33, Pressure relief valve; 331, Pressure relief branch; 34, Pressure detection element; 341, Return water pressure sensor; 342, Outlet water pressure sensor; 35, Control unit; 36, First check valve; 37, Second check valve; 38, Expansion tank; 381, Tank body; 382, ​​Expansion bladder; 383, Water chamber; 384, Air chamber; 3841, Buffer air chamber; 3842, Connecting chamber; 385, Elastic membrane; 39, Degassing assembly; 391, Connecting pipe; 392, Degassing pipe; 3921, Vent hole; 3922, Hydrophobic degassing membrane; 393, Exhaust pipe; 394, Third check valve; 395, Fourth check valve; 396, Rotary rod; 3961, Disturbance strip; 3962, Disturbance blade. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of an energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system provided in Embodiment 1 of this application. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system provided in this embodiment includes a circulation mechanism 1, a temperature control mechanism 2, and a pressure compensation mechanism 3. The circulation mechanism 1 is used to drive the coolant to circulate in the circulation pipe 11, the temperature control mechanism 2 is used to cool or heat the coolant, and the pressure compensation mechanism 3 is used to detect the pressure in the circulation pipe 11 and actively adjust it to maintain the pipe pressure within a reasonable range.

[0043] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the circulation mechanism 1 and the pressure compensation mechanism 3 in Embodiment 1 of this application. The circulation mechanism 1 includes a circulation pipeline 11 and a circulation pump 12. The circulation pipeline 11 is typically made of corrosion-resistant metal or plastic and is tubular in shape. Its inlet end 111 and outlet end 112 are used to connect with external heat exchange equipment to form a coolant circulation loop. The circulation pipeline 11 can also be made of other materials with good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. The circulation pump 12 is generally a centrifugal pump, which drives the impeller to rotate through a motor, thereby causing the coolant to flow in the circulation pipeline 11. The circulation pump 12 can also be a gear pump or other types of pump. The circulation pump 12 is installed on the circulation pipeline 11 and fixed to the circulation pipeline 11 by means of flange or threaded connection. When it is working, it draws in coolant from the inlet end 111 and then delivers the coolant to the outlet end 112 through the rotation of the impeller.

[0044] A Y-type filter 13 is also installed on the circulation pipe 11. The Y-type filter 13 is located between the water inlet 111 and the circulation pump 12. It is used to filter impurities in the coolant and prevent impurities from entering the circulation pump 12 and heat exchange components 21, causing blockage or wear. A liquid injection / drain valve 14 is also provided on the circulation pipe 11. The liquid injection / drain valve 14 is used to inject coolant into the circulation pipe 11 when the system is first used and to drain the coolant from the circulation pipe 11 during system maintenance. An automatic air vent valve 15 is also provided on the circulation pipe 11. The automatic air vent valve 15 is used to automatically discharge accumulated gas in the circulation pipe 11, preventing gas from accumulating in the pipe and forming airlocks that would affect the normal circulation of the coolant.

[0045] The circulating pump 12 provides power for the flow of coolant in the circulating pipeline 11, overcoming pipeline resistance and enabling the coolant to continuously circulate between the external heat exchange equipment and the circulating mechanism 1, thus achieving heat transfer and exchange. The Y-type filter 13 filters the returning coolant, ensuring that the coolant entering the circulating pump 12 and heat exchange components 21 is clean and reducing equipment failure rate. The automatic vent valve 15 opens to vent when gas accumulates in the pipeline.

[0046] Please refer to the following: Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the temperature control mechanism 2 in Embodiment 1 of this application. The temperature control mechanism 2 includes a heat exchanger 21, a refrigeration assembly 22, and an electric heating element 24. The heat exchanger 21 is generally a plate heat exchanger, composed of multiple metal plates with channels formed between them. The refrigerant and coolant flow in different channels and exchange heat through the plates. The heat exchanger 21 can also be other types such as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The refrigeration assembly 22 typically includes a compressor 221, a condenser 222, and an electronic expansion valve 223. Refrigeration is achieved through the circulation of refrigerant in the refrigerant pipeline 23. A filter is also provided on the refrigerant pipeline 23, located between the condenser 222 and the electronic expansion valve 223, to filter impurities and moisture in the refrigerant and prevent impurities from clogging the electronic expansion valve 223. The condenser 222 is equipped with a condenser fan 224. When the condenser fan 224 is running, it blows air into the condenser 222 to accelerate the heat dissipation and condensation of the refrigerant in the condenser 222. The refrigeration component 22 can also employ other refrigeration methods such as absorption refrigeration. The electric heating element 24 is generally a PTC heater, which generates heat by energizing the coolant. The electric heating element 24 can also employ other heating methods such as electromagnetic heating. The heat exchanger 21 is installed on the circulation pipe 11 and fixed to the circulation pipe 11 by welding or flange connection. The refrigeration component 22 is connected to the heat exchanger 21 through the refrigerant pipe 23 to form a refrigerant circulation loop. The electric heating element 24 is also installed on the circulation pipe 11 and is electrically connected to the control unit 35. The control unit 35 controls the on / off state of the electric heating element 24 according to the temperature requirements.

[0047] A low-pressure sensor 25 is installed on the low-pressure side of the refrigerant line 23, a high-pressure sensor 26 is installed on the high-pressure side of the refrigerant line 23, a suction temperature sensor 27 is installed at the suction port of the compressor 221, and an exhaust temperature sensor 28 is installed at the exhaust port of the compressor 221. All four sensors are electrically connected to the control unit 35. The control unit 35 adjusts the operating frequency of the compressor 221 and the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 223 based on the detection data from these sensors to control the cooling capacity. An ambient temperature sensor 29 is installed in the temperature control mechanism 2. This sensor is electrically connected to the control unit 35 and is used to detect the temperature of the environment in which the energy storage temperature control system is located. The control unit 35 can use the detection value from the ambient temperature sensor 29 to assist in determining the operating strategy of the refrigeration component 22 or the electric heating element 24.

[0048] The refrigeration component 22 and the heat exchanger 21 work together to circulate the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation loop. The heat exchanger 21 transfers the cooling capacity of the refrigerant to the coolant, thereby cooling the coolant. The electric heating element 24 heats the coolant when needed. The control unit 35 controls the operating states of the refrigeration component 22 and the electric heating element 24 respectively, thereby achieving bidirectional regulation of the coolant temperature.

[0049] When the refrigeration unit 22 is running, the compressor 221 compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, which is then discharged. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser 222, and the condenser fan 224 blows air into the condenser 222, causing the refrigerant to dissipate heat and condense into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant is filtered by a filter and then enters the electronic expansion valve 223. After being throttled and depressurized by the electronic expansion valve 223, it becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Subsequently, it enters the heat exchanger 21 and exchanges heat with the coolant in the circulation pipeline 11. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the coolant and evaporates into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, returning to the suction port of the compressor 221 to complete one refrigerant cycle. The control unit 35 adjusts the operating frequency of the compressor 221 and the opening of the electronic expansion valve 223 based on the detection data of the low-pressure sensor 25, the high-pressure sensor 26, the suction temperature sensor 27, and the discharge temperature sensor 28, so that the cooling capacity matches the actual heat dissipation demand.

[0050] When cooling is required, the control unit 35 controls the operation of the refrigeration component 22. The refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation loop and exchanges heat with the coolant in the circulation pipe 11 through the heat exchanger 21, carrying away the heat from the coolant and lowering its temperature to the target value. In low-temperature environments or when the energy storage system needs to be heated, the control unit 35 controls the electric heating element 24 to be energized. The electric heating element 24 heats the coolant flowing through the circulation pipe 11, raising its temperature to the target value. The control unit 35 can switch between cooling and heating modes according to temperature requirements, enabling the energy storage temperature control system to adapt to different temperature conditions.

[0051] The pressure compensation mechanism 3 includes a liquid storage container 31, a replenishment pump 32, a pressure relief valve 33, a pressure detection element 34, a control unit 35, a first check valve 36, and a second check valve 37. The liquid storage container 31 is generally made of plastic or metal and is used to store coolant. It can also be made of other materials with good sealing and corrosion resistance. The replenishment pump 32 is generally a diaphragm pump, which delivers coolant from the liquid storage container 31 to the circulation pipeline 11 through the reciprocating motion of the diaphragm. The replenishment pump 32 can also be a plunger pump or other types of pump. The pressure relief valve 33 is generally a solenoid valve, an electric ball valve, or an electrically controlled proportional valve, etc., and is controlled to open and close by an electrical signal from the control unit 35. When the control unit 35 determines that the pressure in the circulation pipeline 11 exceeds a second preset value, it controls the pressure relief valve 33 to open, allowing excess coolant to be discharged back to the liquid storage container 31 via the pressure relief branch 331. When the pressure drops below the second preset value, it controls the pressure relief valve 33 to close. The pressure relief valve 33 can also be an electromagnetic pilot-operated pressure relief valve or other valve types that can be controlled by electrical signals. The pressure detection element 34 is typically a pressure sensor that can detect the pressure value in the circulation pipeline 11 in real time. The pressure detection element 34 includes a return water pressure sensor 341 installed at the inlet 111 of the circulation pipeline 11 and an outlet water pressure sensor 342 installed at the outlet 112 of the circulation pipeline 11. The return water pressure sensor 341 detects the pressure value of the coolant flowing back from the external heat exchange equipment, and the outlet water pressure sensor 342 detects the pressure value of the coolant being output to the external heat exchange equipment. The pressure detection element 34 can also be a pressure switch or other detection device. The control unit 35 is generally a microcontroller or PLC. By receiving signals from the pressure detection element 34, it controls the operation of the replenishment pump 32 and the pressure relief valve 33. The control unit 35 can also be an industrial computer or other control equipment. The control unit 35 is electrically connected to the pressure detection element 34, the replenishment pump 32 and the pressure relief valve 33 respectively. The control unit 35 is set with a first preset value and a second preset value. The second preset value is greater than the first preset value, and an allowable pressure buffer zone is formed between the first preset value and the second preset value.

[0052] The circulation pipe 11 is also equipped with a return water temperature sensor 16 and an outlet water temperature sensor 17. The return water temperature sensor 16 is installed at the inlet end 111 of the circulation pipe 11 to detect the temperature of the coolant returning from the external heat exchange equipment. The outlet water temperature sensor 17 is installed at the outlet end 112 of the circulation pipe 11 to detect the temperature of the coolant output to the external heat exchange equipment. Both the return water temperature sensor 16 and the outlet water temperature sensor 17 are electrically connected to the control unit 35. The control unit 35 determines the temperature state of the coolant based on the detection values ​​of the return water temperature sensor 16 and the outlet water temperature sensor 17, which serves as the basis for controlling the operation of the refrigeration component 22 and the electric heating element 24.

[0053] The liquid storage container 31 is connected to the circulation pipeline 11 via the replenishment pump 32 to form a replenishment branch 321. A first check valve 36 is also provided on the replenishment branch 321, with the first check valve 36 flowing from the liquid storage container 31 to the circulation pipeline 11. The liquid storage container 31 is connected to the circulation pipeline 11 via the pressure relief valve 33 to form a pressure relief branch 331. A second check valve 37 is also provided on the pressure relief branch 331, with the second check valve 37 flowing from the circulation pipeline 11 to the liquid storage container 31. The first check valve 36 prevents the high-pressure coolant in the circulation line 11 from flowing back into the storage container 31 when the replenishment pump 32 is not working. The second check valve 37 prevents the coolant in the storage container 31 from flowing back into the circulation line 11 after the pressure relief valve 33 is closed. The two check valves restrict the flow of the replenishment branch 321 and the pressure relief branch 331 in one direction, respectively, to ensure that the coolant flows only in the preset direction and avoids mutual interference between the replenishment and pressure relief functions.

[0054] In this embodiment, the pressure compensation mechanism 3 also includes an expansion tank 38, which is installed on the circulation pipeline 11 through a pipeline. It is used to passively and flexibly buffer short-term pressure fluctuations in the circulation pipeline 11 caused by changes in coolant temperature. It responds locally when pressure fluctuations occur to compensate for pressure changes within a small range.

[0055] The pressure sensor 34 monitors the pressure in the circulation pipeline 11 in real time and transmits the signal to the control unit 35. The control unit 35 controls the operation of the replenishment pump 32 and the pressure relief valve 33 based on the pressure value. When the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 34 is lower than a first preset value, the control unit 35 controls the replenishment pump 32 to start, replenishing coolant from the storage container 31 into the circulation pipeline 11 to increase the pressure. When the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 34 is higher than a second preset value, the control unit 35 controls the pressure relief valve 33 to open, draining excess coolant from the circulation pipeline 11 back to the storage container 31 to reduce the pressure. When the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 34 is between the first and second preset values, neither the replenishment pump 32 nor the pressure relief valve 33 operates. This pressure buffer zone between the first and second preset values ​​prevents the replenishment pump 32 and the pressure relief valve 33 from frequently starting and stopping near the pressure threshold, reducing mechanical wear and system oscillation, making the pressure compensation operation smoother, extending the service life of the replenishment pump 32 and the pressure relief valve 33, and improving the response accuracy and system stability of pressure regulation. Compared to relying solely on the expansion tank 38 for passive buffering, the active bidirectional regulation of the replenishment pump 32 and the pressure relief valve 33 has a wider adjustment range and faster response speed, while reducing the dependence on the volume of the gas chamber 384 of the expansion tank 38, which is conducive to the compact design of the energy storage temperature control system.

[0056] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: After the circulation pump 12 is started, the coolant continuously flows in the circulation pipeline 11, and after the temperature is regulated by the heat exchanger 21, it flows to the external heat exchange equipment for heat exchange. The control unit 35 switches the operating state of the refrigeration component 22 or the electric heating component 24 according to the temperature requirement to realize the regulation of the coolant temperature.

[0057] During coolant circulation, pressure sensor 34 monitors the pressure in circulation pipe 11 in real time and transmits the signal to control unit 35. When the pressure is lower than the first preset value, control unit 35 starts the replenishment pump 32, and coolant in reservoir 31 enters circulation pipe 11 through replenishment branch 321 via first check valve 36, causing the pressure to rise. When the pressure rises above the first preset value (i.e., enters the range between the first and second preset values), control unit 35 immediately stops replenishment pump 32. When the pressure is higher than the second preset value, control unit 35 opens pressure relief valve 33, and excess coolant in circulation pipe 11 flows back to reservoir 31 through pressure relief branch 331 via second check valve 37, causing the pressure to drop. When the pressure drops below the second preset value, i.e., returns to the range between the first and second preset values, control unit 35 does not immediately close pressure relief valve 33, but sets a delay of 3 to 10 seconds before closing pressure relief valve 33. This asymmetric delay control strategy avoids the pressure fluctuating repeatedly near the second preset critical point, which would cause the pressure relief valve 33 to start and stop frequently. At the same time, appropriately extending the pressure relief time allows the liquid storage container 31 to recover more coolant, increasing its buffering capacity to cope with subsequent pressure increases.

[0058] The expansion tank 38 provides passive and flexible buffering for short-term pressure fluctuations in the circulation pipeline 11 caused by changes in coolant temperature: when the coolant volume expands, excess coolant enters the water chamber 383, and the gas in the compressed gas chamber 384 absorbs the pressure pulse; when the coolant volume contracts, the gas in the gas chamber 384 expands, pushing the coolant in the water chamber 383 back into the circulation pipeline 11. The active bidirectional regulation and passive flexible buffering work together to maintain the pressure in the circulation pipeline 11 within a reasonable range.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the liquid storage container 31 and the expansion tank 38 of Embodiment 2 of this application. Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further defines the internal structure of the expansion tank 38, and the pressure compensation mechanism 3 also includes a degassing component 39.

[0061] Specifically, the expansion tank 38 includes a tank body 381 and an expansion bladder 382 located within the tank body 381. The tank body 381 is generally made of metal, and the expansion bladder 382 is made of rubber. The tank body 381 can also be made of other materials with good strength and sealing properties, and the expansion bladder 382 can also be made of other elastic materials. The expansion bladder 382 divides the space within the tank body 381 into a water chamber 383 and a gas chamber 384. The water chamber 383 is connected to the circulation pipe 11. When the coolant in the circulation pipe 11 expands due to increased temperature, the excess coolant enters the water chamber 383, and the expansion bladder 382 expands and compresses the gas in the gas chamber 384 to absorb pressure pulses. When the coolant temperature decreases and its volume contracts, the gas in the gas chamber 384 expands, pushing the coolant in the water chamber 383 back into the circulation pipe 11. In this way, the expansion tank 38 provides immediate, passive, and flexible buffering for short-term pressure fluctuations in the circulation pipe 11 and compensates for relatively small-scale pressure changes.

[0062] The expansion tank 38 also includes an elastic membrane 385 disposed in the gas chamber 384. The periphery of the elastic membrane 385 is sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the tank body 381. The elastic membrane 385 divides the gas chamber 384 into a buffer gas chamber 3841 and a connecting chamber 3842. The connecting chamber 3842 is connected to the connecting pipe 391, and the interface between the connecting pipe 391 and the tank body 381 is directly opposite the elastic membrane 385. The elastic membrane 385 isolates the gas accumulated in the buffer gas chamber 3841 for buffering and regulation from the interface of the connecting pipe 391, preventing the gas in the buffer gas chamber 3841 from being accidentally discharged through the connecting pipe 391 during pressure fluctuations. When the temperature of the coolant in the circulation pipe 11 decreases and its volume shrinks, the coolant in the water chamber 383 flows back to the circulation pipe 11, and the expansion bladder 382 shrinks accordingly. The space in the connecting cavity 3842 increases, and the elastic membrane 385 undergoes elastic deformation under the action of pressure change in the gas chamber 384. This deformation is transmitted to the degassing pipe 392 through the connecting pipe 391 to generate a negative pressure effect, which enhances the absorption capacity of the degassing pipe 392 for dissolved gases in the coolant in the liquid storage container 31.

[0063] The degassing assembly 39 includes a connecting pipe 391, a degassing pipe 392, an exhaust pipe 393, a third one-way valve 394, a fourth one-way valve 395, a rotating rod 396, and a disturbance blade 3962. The connecting pipe 391 is connected at both ends to the connecting cavity 3842 of the liquid storage container 31 and the gas chamber 384, respectively, for connecting the liquid storage container 31 and the gas chamber 384. The degassing pipe 392 is located inside the liquid storage container 31 and is connected to the connecting pipe 391. Multiple vent holes 3921 are provided on its side wall, and a hydrophobic degassing membrane 3922 covers its outer circumference. One end of the exhaust pipe 393 is connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe 391, and the other end is connected to the outside of the liquid storage container 31. The exhaust pipe 393 passes through the side wall of the liquid storage container 31. The third one-way valve 394 is installed inside the exhaust pipe 393, with its conduction direction facing the outside of the liquid storage container 31. The fourth one-way valve... 395 is installed at one end of the degassing pipe 392 and the connecting pipe 391, with the conduction direction facing the connecting pipe 391. The rotating rod 396 is located inside the liquid storage container 31 and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the liquid storage container 31. The rotating rod 396 is located on one side of the degassing pipe 392 and is parallel to the degassing pipe 392. The surface of the rotating rod 396 is formed with a disturbance strip 3961. The disturbance blades 3962 are arranged in a circumferential array and fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating rod 396. The liquid storage container 31 is provided with a nozzle 311 that communicates with the pressure relief branch 331. The liquid outlet direction of the nozzle 311 is towards the disturbance blades 3962 and is set at a preset angle with the radial direction of the rotating rod 396.

[0064] A hydrophobic degassing membrane 3922 covers the outer periphery of the degassing tube 392, allowing only gas to pass through the membrane and enter the tube, while the coolant is blocked. When the expansion bladder 382 contracts due to pressure fluctuations in the circulation pipe 11, the space of the connecting cavity 3842 increases, the elastic membrane 385 deforms, and a negative pressure is generated in the degassing tube 392, enhancing its absorption effect on dissolved gases in the coolant in the storage container 31. The fourth one-way valve 395 ensures that the gas absorbed by the degassing tube 392 can only enter the connecting pipe 391 in one direction and will not flow back into the coolant in the storage container 31, ensuring the continuity of the degassing effect. The absorbed gas is guided through the connecting pipe 391 to the connecting cavity 3842 of the expansion tank 38 for collection. When the gas pressure accumulated in the connecting cavity 3842 reaches a certain value, the third one-way valve 394 opens, and the excess gas is discharged to the outside of the liquid storage container 31 through the exhaust pipe 393. This allows the expansion tank 38 to achieve degassing and exhaust circulation while compensating for pressure, thus preventing dissolved gas from entering the circulation pipeline 11 with the coolant and affecting the heat exchange efficiency and normal operation of the circulation pump 12.

[0065] When the pressure relief valve 33 is opened, excess coolant in the circulation pipe 11 flows to the storage container 31 through the pressure relief branch 331, with a portion of the coolant being sprayed out from the nozzle 311. The coolant sprayed from the nozzle 311 impacts the agitator blades 3962, driving the rotary rod 396 to rotate. The rotary rod 396 drives the agitator blades 3962 to stir the coolant in the storage container 31, accelerating the release of dissolved gases in the coolant and making the temperature distribution of the coolant in the storage container 31 more uniform. The rotary rod 396 is arranged parallel to one side of the degassing pipe 392, allowing the liquid flow generated by the agitator blades 3962 to flow evenly across the surface of the degassing pipe 392 along its length. The disturbance strips 3961 on the surface of the rotating rod 396 generate local disturbances to the surrounding coolant during the rotation of the rotating rod 396, breaking the laminar boundary layer of the liquid and forming local turbulence. This causes the dissolved gas in the coolant to be accelerated to precipitate and form microbubbles. These microbubbles are transported to the surface of the hydrophobic degassing membrane 3922 of the degassing pipe 392 under the entrainment of the turbulent liquid flow and adhere to it. Under the action of negative pressure, the degassing pipe 392 draws the bubbles attached to the membrane surface into the pipe, thereby improving the degassing efficiency.

[0066] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the gas chamber 384 of the expansion tank 38 is divided into a buffer gas chamber 3841 and a connecting chamber 3842 by an elastic membrane 385. The connecting chamber 3842 is connected to the degassing pipe 392 in the liquid storage container 31 through a connecting pipe 391. When the temperature of the coolant in the circulation pipeline 11 decreases and its volume shrinks, the expansion bladder 382 contracts, the space of the connecting chamber 3842 increases, the elastic membrane 385 undergoes elastic deformation towards the buffer gas chamber 3841, the gas pressure in the connecting chamber 3842 decreases, and this negative pressure is transmitted to the degassing pipe 392 through the connecting pipe 391. Dissolved gases in the coolant within the storage container 31, under negative pressure, permeate through the hydrophobic degassing membrane 3922 and vent 3921 into the degassing pipe 392. They then flow unidirectionally into the connecting pipe 391 via the fourth one-way valve 395 and are guided to the connecting cavity 3842 for collection. When the coolant temperature rises and the expansion bladder 382 expands, the space in the connecting cavity 3842 decreases, the negative pressure disappears, and the degassing process pauses. This degassing process is repeated periodically with temperature fluctuations. The elastic membrane 385 isolates the buffered gas in the buffer chamber 3841 from the connecting cavity 3842, preventing the buffered gas from being accidentally discharged through the connecting pipe 391. When the gas pressure in the connecting cavity 3842 reaches the opening pressure of the third one-way valve 394, the gas is discharged to the outside of the storage container 31 through the exhaust pipe 393, completing the degassing and exhaust cycle.

[0067] When the pressure relief valve 33 is opened, excess coolant in the circulation pipe 11 flows back to the storage container 31 through the pressure relief branch 331. A portion of the coolant is sprayed onto the agitator blades 3962 at a preset angle through the nozzle 311, driving the rotary rod 396 to rotate. The rotary rod 396 drives the agitator blades 3962 to stir the coolant in the storage container 31. The liquid flow is uniformly distributed along the length of the degassing pipe 392, accelerating the release of dissolved gas. During rotation, the agitator strips 3961 on the surface of the rotary rod 396 break up the laminar boundary layer near the surface of the degassing pipe 392 and generate local turbulence, causing dissolved gas to precipitate and form microbubbles. These bubbles are carried by the turbulence to the surface of the hydrophobic degassing membrane 3922 and adhere to it. Under negative pressure, the degassing pipe 392 draws the bubbles from the membrane surface into the pipe. After the pressure relief action stops, the nozzle 311 stops spraying liquid, and the rotary rod 396 gradually stops rotating. After degassing, the coolant enters the circulation pipeline 11 through the replenishment branch 321 when the replenishment pump 32 is started, reducing the possibility of dissolved gas entering the circulation pipeline 11.

[0068] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A water system pressure automatic compensation energy storage temperature control system, characterized in that, include: The circulation mechanism (1) includes a circulation pipeline (11) and a circulation pump (12) disposed on the circulation pipeline (11). The circulation pipeline (11) has an inlet end (111) and an outlet end (112). The inlet end (111) and the outlet end (112) are used to connect with external heat exchange equipment to form a coolant circulation loop. A temperature control mechanism (2) includes a heat exchanger (21) and a refrigeration assembly (22). The heat exchanger (21) is disposed on the circulation pipe (11). The refrigeration assembly (22) is connected to the heat exchanger (21) via a refrigerant pipe (23) to form a refrigerant circulation loop. The heat exchanger (21) is used to exchange heat between the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation loop and the coolant in the circulation pipe (11). The pressure compensation mechanism (3) includes a liquid storage container (31), a replenishment pump (32), a pressure relief valve (33), a pressure detection element (34), and a control unit (35). The pressure detection element (34) is installed on the circulation pipeline (11). The liquid storage container (31) is connected to the circulation pipeline (11) through the replenishment pump (32) to form a replenishment branch (321). The liquid storage container (31) is connected to the circulation pipeline (11) through the pressure relief valve (33) to form a pressure relief branch (331). The control unit (35) is electrically connected to the pressure detection element (34), the replenishment pump (32), and the pressure relief valve (33), respectively. The control unit (35) is used to set a first preset value and a second preset value, wherein the second preset value is greater than the first preset value. When the pressure value detected by the pressure detection element (34) is lower than the first preset value, the control unit (35) controls the replenishment pump (32) to start to replenish the circulation pipeline (11). When the pressure value detected by the pressure detection element (34) is higher than the second preset value, the control unit (35) controls the pressure relief valve (33) to open to drain the coolant in the circulation pipeline (11) back to the storage container (31).

2. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit (35) is configured to: immediately control the replenishment pump (32) to stop when the pressure value detected by the pressure detection element (34) rises from below the first preset value to between the first preset value and the second preset value; and control the pressure relief valve (33) to close after a delay of 3 to 10 seconds when the pressure value detected by the pressure detection element (34) falls from above the second preset value to between the first preset value and the second preset value.

3. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replenishment branch (321) is also provided with a first check valve (36), the first check valve (36) is in the direction of conduction from the liquid storage container (31) to the circulation pipeline (11), and the pressure relief branch (331) is also provided with a second check valve (37), the second check valve (37) is in the direction of conduction from the circulation pipeline (11) to the liquid storage container (31).

4. The water system pressure automatic compensation energy storage temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control mechanism (2) further includes an electric heating element (24) electrically connected to the control unit (35). The electric heating element (24) is disposed on the circulation pipeline (11) and is used to heat the coolant in the circulation pipeline (11).

5. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure compensation mechanism (3) further includes an expansion tank (38), which includes a tank body (381) and an expansion bladder (382) located inside the tank body (381). The expansion bladder (382) divides the space inside the tank body (381) into a water chamber (383) and an air chamber (384). The water chamber (383) is connected to the circulation pipeline (11).

6. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pressure compensation mechanism (3) further includes a degassing component (39), which includes a connecting pipe (391) with its two ends connected to the liquid storage container (31) and the gas chamber (384) respectively, and a degassing pipe (392) located inside the liquid storage container (31) and connected to the connecting pipe (391). The side wall of the degassing pipe (392) is provided with a plurality of vent holes (3921), and the outer peripheral surface of the degassing pipe (392) is covered with a hydrophobic degassing membrane (3922).

7. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The degassing assembly (39) further includes an exhaust pipe (393) with one end connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe (391) and the other end connected to the outside of the liquid storage container (31), a third one-way valve (394) installed in the exhaust pipe (393), and a fourth one-way valve (395) installed in the degassing pipe (392). The exhaust pipe (393) passes through the side wall of the liquid storage container (31). The conduction direction of the third one-way valve (394) is towards the outside of the liquid storage container (31). The fourth one-way valve (395) is installed at the end of the degassing pipe (392) connected to the connecting pipe (391), and its conduction direction is towards the connecting pipe (391).

8. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The expansion tank (38) further includes an elastic membrane (385) disposed in the gas chamber (384). The periphery of the elastic membrane (385) is sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the tank body (381). The interface between the connecting pipe (391) and the tank body (381) is directly opposite the elastic membrane (385). The elastic membrane (385) divides the gas chamber (384) into a buffer gas chamber (3841) and a connecting chamber (3842). The connecting chamber (3842) is connected to the connecting pipe (391).

9. The water system pressure automatic compensation energy storage temperature control system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The degassing assembly (39) further includes a rotating rod (396) located inside the liquid storage container (31) and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the liquid storage container (31), and disturbance blades (3962) arranged in a circumferential array on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating rod (396). The liquid storage container (31) is provided with a nozzle (311) communicating with the pressure relief branch (331). The liquid outlet direction of the nozzle (311) is towards the disturbance blades (3962) and is set at a preset angle with the radial direction of the rotating rod (396). The coolant sprayed by the nozzle (311) can impact the disturbance blades (3962) to drive the rotating rod (396) to rotate.

10. The energy storage temperature control system with automatic pressure compensation for a water system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The swivel rod (396) is located on one side of the degassing pipe (392) and parallel to the degassing pipe (392). The surface of the swivel rod (396) is formed with disturbance strips (3961).

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