Two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting and related device

Abstract

The application provides a two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting and related equipment, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a communication data sequence; determining a first angle domain position estimation value corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and a first predetermined angle domain search range; determining a first distance domain position estimation value corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angle domain position estimation value, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and a first predetermined distance domain coverage range; and determining the position of the receiving end based on the first angle domain position estimation value, the first distance domain position estimation value and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, thereby solving the technical problem that it is difficult to accurately determine the position of the receiving end in near field communication in the prior art, and ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of determining the position of the receiving end.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a two-stage dynamic beam training method and related equipment based on beam splitting. Background Technology

[0002] XL-MIMO (Very Large Scale Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a core technology for future 6G communication, significantly improving system capacity and spectral efficiency through the deployment of massive antenna arrays. Unlike traditional MIMO, the increased antenna aperture in XL-MIMO leads to a significant extension of the Rayleigh distance, allowing some user equipment to enter the near-field region. XL-MIMO systems require the use of a spherical wave channel model, overcoming the limitations of the traditional far-field plane wave assumption. However, near-field beam training requires simultaneous optimization of both angle and distance parameters, resulting in a dramatic increase in computational complexity.

[0003] Near-field communication (NFC) is a wireless communication paradigm based on a spherical wave model. With the continuous increase in antenna aperture and the use of higher frequency bands such as millimeter waves and terahertz waves, the near-field range of communication is constantly expanding. At this point, the plane wave assumption of far-field communication no longer holds, and more accurate spherical wave modeling is required. Therefore, traditional far-field communication algorithms face significant performance losses, making the exploration of near-field communication indispensable.

[0004] Near-field beam training faces a dual bottleneck: dynamic range and resource constraints. On the one hand, traditional methods suffer from insufficient range loop coverage due to the nonlinear expansion of the near-field range caused by ultra-large-scale arrays, especially in large-scale array scenarios where the range search overhead increases exponentially. On the other hand, existing beam splitting schemes are limited by finite subcarrier resources, making it difficult to achieve high-density coverage of the near-field communication area under broadband conditions, resulting in blind spots in the joint range-angle search. These bottlenecks make it difficult to efficiently and accurately determine the receiver's location in near-field communication. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a two-stage dynamic beam training method and related equipment based on beam splitting, so as to overcome all or part of the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting, applied to a transmitting end. The method includes: acquiring a communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the transmitting end and the receiving end; determining a first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data and a first predetermined angular domain search range in the three rounds of communication data; determining a first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data and a first predetermined range domain coverage range in the three rounds of communication data; and determining the position of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first range domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data.

[0007] Optionally, the first round of communication data includes first frequency data, first carrier data, and a first maximum beam gain subcarrier index transmitted by the receiving end; determining the first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and a first predetermined angular domain search range includes: determining first angular domain configuration parameters and second angular domain configuration parameters based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angular domain search range; determining a first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the first angular domain configuration parameters, the second angular domain configuration parameters, and the first frequency data; determining a first estimated coordinate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first maximum beam gain subcarrier index; and determining the first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the first estimated coordinate.

[0008] Optionally, the second round of communication data includes second frequency data, second carrier data, and a second maximum beam gain subcarrier index transmitted by the receiving end; determining the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage includes: determining a first range domain configuration parameter and a second range domain configuration parameter based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second carrier data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage; determining a second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the first angular domain configuration parameter, the second angular domain configuration parameter, the first range domain configuration parameter, the second range domain configuration parameter, and the second frequency data; determining a second estimated coordinate corresponding to the receiving end based on the second maximum beam gain subcarrier index; and determining the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the second estimated coordinate.

[0009] Optionally, the third round of communication data includes third frequency data, third carrier data, and a third maximum beam gain subcarrier sequence number transmitted by the receiving end; determining the position of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first range domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data includes: determining third angular domain configuration parameters and fourth angular domain configuration parameters based on the third carrier data and a second predetermined angular domain search range; determining a second angular domain position estimate based on the third angular domain configuration parameters, the fourth angular domain configuration parameters, the third frequency data, and the third maximum beam gain subcarrier sequence number; and determining a second angular domain position estimate based on the second angular domain position estimate. The third carrier data and the coverage area of ​​the second predetermined range domain are used to determine the third range domain configuration parameters and the fourth range domain configuration parameters. Based on the third angle domain configuration parameters, the fourth angle domain configuration parameters, the third range domain configuration parameters, the fourth range domain configuration parameters, and the third frequency data, the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is determined. Within a predetermined range centered on the first angle domain position estimate and the first range domain position, the third estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver are determined based on the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index. Based on the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the third estimated coordinates, the target coordinates corresponding to the receiver are determined.

[0010] Optionally, determining the first angle domain configuration parameter and the second angle domain configuration parameter based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angle domain search range includes: determining the first angle domain configuration parameter and the second angle domain configuration parameter using the following formula: , ,in, Configure parameters for the first angle domain. Configure parameters for the second angle domain. The maximum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. The minimum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, center carrier frequency With the frequency of the Mth subcarrier The ratio.

[0011] Optionally, determining the first range domain configuration parameter and the second range domain configuration parameter based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second carrier data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage includes: determining the first range domain configuration parameter and the second range domain configuration parameter using the following formulas: , , , ,in, Configure parameters for the first distance domain. For the center carrier frequency With the frequency of the Mth subcarrier The ratio, center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, Configure parameters for the second distance domain. This is the estimated position value of the first corner domain. The maximum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain. It is the minimum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain.

[0012] Optionally, determining the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the third angle domain configuration parameters, the fourth angle domain configuration parameters, the third range domain configuration parameters, the fourth range domain configuration parameters, and the third frequency data includes: for each subcarrier, determining the beamforming vector element corresponding to the subcarrier using the following formula: ,in, For the beamforming vector elements of the nth element on the mth subcarrier, center carrier frequency wavenumber, For the m-th subcarrier wavenumber, Configure parameters for the third angle domain. Configure parameters for the fourth corner field. Configure parameters for the third distance domain. Configure parameters for the fourth distance domain. This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. The inter-electrode spacing on the antenna array is given by jn, where j is the imaginary unit and n is the inter-electrode index. Based on the beamforming vector elements of all inter-electrodes on the subcarrier, the beamforming vector of the third array corresponding to the subcarrier is determined.

[0013] Optionally, determining the target coordinates corresponding to the receiver based on the third array beamforming vector and the third estimated coordinates includes: determining the target coordinates using the following formula: ,in, The target coordinates are... Based on the third estimated coordinates The near-field array response vector on the determined m-th subcarrier, The third array beamforming vector corresponding to the m-th subcarrier. This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array.

[0014] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a two-stage dynamic beam training device based on beam splitting, applied at a transmitting end. The device includes: an acquisition module configured to acquire a communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the transmitting end and the receiving end; a first determination module configured to determine a first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and a first predetermined angular domain search range; a second determination module configured to determine a first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, and a first predetermined range domain coverage range; and a third determination module configured to determine the position of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first range domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data.

[0015] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor implements the method described above when executing the computer program.

[0016] As can be seen from the above, the two-stage dynamic beam training method and related equipment based on beam splitting provided in this application include: acquiring a communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the transmitting end and the receiving end; determining a first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data and a first predetermined angular domain search range in the three rounds of communication data; determining a first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data and a first predetermined range domain coverage range in the three rounds of communication data; and determining the position of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first range domain position estimate and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting, as described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the XL-MIMO array architecture according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the coarse search stage and the fine search stage in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a two-stage dynamic beam training device based on beam splitting according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0021] As described in the background section, XL-MIMO (Ultra-Large-Scale Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) is a core technology for future 6G communication, significantly improving system capacity and spectral efficiency through the deployment of massive antenna arrays. Unlike traditional MIMO, the increased antenna aperture in XL-MIMO leads to a significant extension of the Rayleigh distance, allowing some user equipment to enter the near-field region. XL-MIMO systems require the use of a spherical wave channel model, overcoming the limitations of the traditional far-field plane wave assumption. However, near-field beam training requires simultaneous optimization of both angle and distance parameters, resulting in a dramatic increase in computational complexity.

[0022] Near-field communication (NFC) is a wireless communication paradigm based on a spherical wave model. With the continuous increase in antenna aperture and the use of higher frequency bands such as millimeter waves and terahertz waves, the near-field range of communication is constantly expanding. At this point, the plane wave assumption of far-field communication no longer holds, and more accurate spherical wave modeling is required. Therefore, traditional far-field communication algorithms face significant performance losses, making the exploration of near-field communication indispensable.

[0023] Near-field beam training faces a dual bottleneck: dynamic range and resource constraints. On the one hand, traditional methods suffer from insufficient range loop coverage due to the nonlinear expansion of the near-field range caused by ultra-large-scale arrays, especially in large-scale array scenarios where the range search overhead increases exponentially. On the other hand, existing beam splitting schemes are limited by finite subcarrier resources, making it difficult to achieve high-density coverage of the near-field communication area under broadband conditions, resulting in blind spots in the joint range-angle search. These bottlenecks make it difficult to efficiently and accurately determine the receiver's location in near-field communication.

[0024] Specifically, Existing technology one proposes a near-field broadband beam training method based on range-dependent beam splitting. This method utilizes a true-delay array structure, coordinating the control of delay and phase shift parameters, and leveraging the periodicity of the angular domain to allow different subcarrier beams to simultaneously cover multiple range ring ranges across the entire angular domain, thereby achieving the scanning of multiple range-angle units in a single training iteration. Its core lies in the full-angular domain coverage of multiple range ring ranges, requiring only one parameter configuration to achieve good beam training results within the covered area. However, this method still has significant limitations: firstly, it cannot dynamically adjust the search range according to the actual expansion of the near-field region, resulting in a linear increase in training overhead with the number of range rings in ultra-large-scale array scenarios; secondly, it does not fully consider the situation of limited frequency resources, making it difficult to cover the entire near-field region when available subcarriers are limited, easily leading to search blind spots and affecting beam alignment accuracy. In summary, existing technology one cannot efficiently and accurately determine the receiver's location in near-field communication.

[0025] Existing technology two proposes a terahertz beam management scheme based on frequency-controlled beamforming (FDB). It constructs a triple network (analog, time-delay, and enhancement network) using a true-delay phase shifter structure to achieve multi-beam parallel training in far-field scenarios. This scheme significantly reduces training latency by suppressing sidelobes and improving beam gain. However, this scheme is essentially designed for far-field models, and its beam control mechanism does not consider the spherical wavefront bending effect, making it unsuitable for near-field channels. Therefore, in the XL-MIMO near-field region, this method cannot distinguish user distance information, resulting in inaccurate beam focusing and severely impacting communication quality. In summary, existing technology two cannot efficiently and accurately determine the receiver's location in near-field communication.

[0026] Existing technology three proposes a two-stage layered beam training scheme: the first stage activates the central subarray to perform far-field angle search, and the second stage uses a polar coordinate codebook to perform a joint near-field range-angle search. This scheme avoids near-field effects by using subarrays and employs a non-uniform range sampling strategy to reduce the number of search layers. However, it has the following drawbacks: First, the range search relies on binary sampling, and the resolution is limited by the layer granularity, resulting in limited performance in high-precision scenarios; second, this method strongly relies on the assumption that the user is located in the far field of the subarray. If the user is at the edge of the array or in the near-field region, the subarray needs to be reconfigured, introducing additional computational and signaling overhead, resulting in high system complexity. In summary, existing technology three cannot efficiently and accurately determine the location of the receiver in near-field communication.

[0027] In view of this, embodiments of this application propose a two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting, referring to... Figure 1 Applied to the sending end, the method includes the following steps: Step 101: Obtain the communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the sending end and the receiving end. In this step, with the deployment of large-scale antenna arrays, the distance between the transmitter and receiver is shortened from the traditional far-field range to the near-field range. Communication between the transmitter and receiver is mostly near-field communication, rendering traditional beam training methods based on far-field communication inapplicable. For example, the transmitter is a base station (BS), and the receiver is a mobile device. To address the above issues, this application proposes a two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting. This method is implemented in a millimeter-wave broadband XL-MIMO system, where the XL-MIMO system serves an object active in the entire near-field region of the array. For single-antenna users (i.e., receivers), among which, The angle between the line connecting the receiver (UE) and the array center in the distance data and the positive direction of the array. The near-field radiation zone boundary is determined by the following formula, which represents the distance between the receiver (UE) and the array center in the distance data. Formula 1, where, Where is the antenna aperture, and the Rayleigh distance is the boundary of the near-field radiation region. The Rayleigh distance is a key distance parameter used to define the region of variation in antenna radiation characteristics. The boundary of the entire array's inductive near-field region is determined by the following formula. Formula 2.

[0028] In XL-MIMO systems, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the XL-MIMO array architecture according to an embodiment of this application. The transmitting end adopts a uniform linear array (ULA), which includes... A uniform linear array of antenna elements (i.e., an antenna array), with subarrays composed of a subset of antenna elements ranging in size from [missing information]. The antenna spacing is ,in center carrier frequency The corresponding wavelength, The wavenumber is specified. Each antenna element in the antenna array is connected to a time delay unit and a phase shifter. The XL-MIMO system uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and has a bandwidth of... Evenly distributed to On each subcarrier.

[0029] The communication data sequence is obtained and used to determine the location of the receiver. The communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the sender and receiver, eliminating the need for exhaustive search and laying a data foundation for efficiently determining the location of the receiver.

[0030] It should be noted that this application relates to wireless communication networks, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, ultra-large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems, near-field communication, beamforming, and beam training technology in broadband systems. The two-stage beamforming method based on beam splitting proposed in this application specifically addresses how to solve the high overhead problem of traditional near-field beam training in scenarios with near-field region expansion caused by ultra-large-scale antenna arrays. It achieves efficient search through joint range-angle control to overcome the bottleneck of exhaustive search in the range domain, breaking through the limitations of traditional near-field training on frequency resources and regional range. Full near-field coverage can be achieved with only three training iterations, ensuring efficient and accurate determination of the receiver's location.

[0031] Step 102: Based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and the first predetermined angular domain search range, determine the estimated value of the first angular domain position corresponding to the receiving end.

[0032] In this step, to accurately and efficiently determine the location of the receiver, the two-stage beam training method based on beam splitting proposed in this application is divided into two core stages: a coarse search stage and a fine search stage. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the coarse search and fine search stages in an embodiment of this application. First, a wide-area angle coarse search is achieved through beam splitting of the central subarray. In the coarse search stage, the XL-MIMO system first utilizes the beam splitting effect of the central subarray to cover the entire target angle range, quickly determining the estimated first angular domain position value corresponding to the receiver.

[0033] It should be noted that beam splitting is a frequency-dependent phenomenon in wideband XL-MIMO systems, stemming from the dynamic change in the focusing positions of different subcarrier beams with frequency shift. This results in the center frequency beam focusing precisely on the target point, while the edge frequency beams deviate from the target position by several meters. Unlike traditional static beamforming, beam splitting is no longer considered a source of interference, but rather an enhancer of beam training efficiency. Through the coordinated parameter design of the true delay array and phase shifter, a single training iteration can cover the angular domain within multiple range loops, significantly reducing the overhead of near-field beam training and improving spatial search efficiency.

[0034] To determine the estimated location of the corner domain, it is necessary to limit the search range of the corner domain. This involves obtaining a first predetermined angular domain search range to avoid blind searching and thus improve positioning efficiency. The first predetermined angular domain search range is determined based on historical experience and is typically set to the entire angular domain. Utilizing the beam splitting effect allows for scanning the entire target angular range in a shorter time. The beam splitting effect disperses the energy of a single beam into multiple different directions. When searching for the receiver's angular domain location, it eliminates the need for scanning direction by direction as in traditional techniques; instead, multiple directions are probed simultaneously, greatly expanding the angular range covered by each scan and making it possible to complete the scanning of the entire target angular range in a short time. Based on the first round of communication data and the first predetermined angular domain search range from the three rounds of communication data, an estimated value for the first angular domain location corresponding to the receiver is determined. This estimated value is an estimate of the angular direction of the receiver relative to the transmitter. The first round of communication data contains key information about the interaction between the receiver and transmitter, providing a data foundation for initially determining the receiver's location. The first predetermined angular domain search range defines the angular domain search range. Combining the two makes the search process more targeted and directional, avoiding wasting time and resources on angles where there is no receiver, and thus more efficiently determining the first angular domain position estimate.

[0035] In the coarse search phase, in order to ensure that the receiver can be detected, this application first adopts a method that can widely cover the target angle range. The beam splitting effect of the central subarray can disperse the beam energy to multiple directions, thereby achieving coverage of a large angle range and increasing the possibility of capturing the receiver signal.

[0036] Step 103: Based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, and the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain, determine the first distance domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end.

[0037] In this step, the first angular domain position estimate provides information about the approximate angular direction of the receiver. In wireless communication, signals propagate along a specific direction. Knowing the approximate angular domain position of the receiver, the delay-phase shift parameters are optimized along this angular direction, focusing different subcarrier beams onto multiple range rings to cover the entire near-field range domain and obtain the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiver. The first range domain position estimate is an approximation of the estimated distance between the receiver and the transmitter. Focusing the beam onto multiple range rings is equivalent to subdividing the near-field range domain. Each range ring can be considered a relatively independent range interval. By analyzing and processing the signals on different range rings, the specific distance position of the receiver can be more precisely determined, greatly improving the accuracy of distance estimation. Therefore, based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data from the three rounds of communication data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage area, the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiver is determined. The second round of communication data contains further interactive information based on the known angular domain information, providing more targeted data support for distance estimation. The first predetermined range coverage area defines the range search area, avoiding blind searches and thus improving positioning efficiency. The first predetermined range coverage area is determined based on historical experience. Using the aforementioned highly targeted data for distance estimation can more accurately reflect the distance characteristics of the receiver in that angular direction, reducing errors caused by data redundancy or irrelevant information, and improving the accuracy of determining the estimated position value in the first range domain.

[0038] Wide-area coarse angle search is achieved by splitting the central subarray beam to obtain the first angular domain position estimate and the first range domain position estimate. The time delay-phase shift parameters are optimized along the direction of the first angular domain position estimate, and an analytical solution for these parameters is derived to dynamically adapt to the extended range loop boundary. Optimizing these parameters along a known angular direction allows the beam to better adapt to changes in the near-field environment and the receiver's position. For example, when receiver movement causes a change in range, adjusting the parameters allows the beam to focus on the corresponding range loop, ensuring continuous tracking and accurate range estimation of the receiver.

[0039] Steps 102 and 103 constitute the coarse search phase, which consists of two steps: angle domain search and range domain search. First, an angle domain search is performed to obtain an angle estimate; then, a range domain search is conducted based on this estimate. During the coarse search phase, the beam will cover a relatively wide range of angles and ranges to obtain the position estimate of the receiver (UE). In the corner search, beam splitting will be utilized to disperse the beam across the target corner region. In order to obtain the UE's angle estimate (i.e., the first angular domain position estimate). Since the receiver is located in the near-field region of the entire array, directly using the far-field beam for searching would reduce the angle estimation accuracy due to the nonlinear phase distortion of the near-field channel. Therefore, the central subarray is considered for angular domain searching. Range domain searching is performed based on angular domain searching, and the beam will... Directional Coverage To obtain the user distance domain estimate, the distance range is used. (i.e., the first range domain location estimate). Because it's necessary to cover the entire near-field region in the range domain, this stage will utilize the entire array for searching. Under parameter control, the beam covers a wide range domain along the expected angular domain location, searching for the UE's potential range domain location. .

[0040] Step 104: Determine the location of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first distance domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data.

[0041] In this step, during the fine search phase, the XL-MIMO system dynamically adjusts beam parameters based on the first angular domain position estimate and the first range domain position estimate determined in the coarse search phase. This allows for high-resolution, refined scanning of the local angle-range region, further improving positioning accuracy. The receiver's location is determined based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first range domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data from the three rounds of communication data. The first angular domain position estimate and the first range domain position estimate obtained in the coarse search phase provide a general area where the receiver might exist, significantly narrowing the search range. The third round of communication data reflects the receiver's status and changes in the communication environment in real time. The system can update the positioning results promptly based on this latest data, ensuring consistently high positioning accuracy. By narrowing the search range using the first angular domain position estimate and the first range domain position estimate in the coarse positioning phase, the XL-MIMO system can perform more targeted analysis and calculations in the fine search phase, avoiding blind searching across a large area. This not only reduces computational resource consumption but also improves the efficiency of determining the receiver's location. Simultaneously, combining the third round of communication data further enhances positioning accuracy. This application aims to efficiently and accurately determine the location of the receiver in near-field communication.

[0042] In the fine-search phase, a local high-precision search window is constructed based on the initial estimate, and distance-angle coordinated fine-tuning is achieved through secondary parameter optimization. This method achieves breakthrough full near-field coverage without blind spots under resource constraints, compressing training overhead to a constant level. This application, through a joint distance-angle control mechanism, overcomes the limitations of traditional near-field training on frequency resources and regional range, achieving full near-field coverage with only 3 training iterations, thus enabling efficient and accurate positioning of the receiver.

[0043] This application derives a phase-shift-delay (PS-TD) parameter configuration that enables subcarriers to be focused on different spatial regions within a single time slot. A two-stage strategy from coarse to fine is designed: the coarse search stage performs wide-angle and long-range scanning through beam splitting, while the fine search stage refines the estimation results through local high-resolution search. Simulation results show that, compared with exhaustive search, this method significantly reduces training overhead while maintaining good rate performance, and exhibits strong robustness under different near-field ranges and available frequency resources.

[0044] This application proposes a two-stage beamforming hierarchical framework based on beam splitting. This framework achieves a significant reduction in training overhead and a stable performance improvement through a closed-loop derivation algorithm for phase shifter-delayer parameter configuration and a dynamic fine-grained search mechanism. This application can be applied to ultra-high frequency (UHF) communication systems of future sixth-generation (6G) technologies, such as intelligent network scenarios in millimeter-wave and terahertz bands, providing an efficient and robust beam management solution for near-field communication of ultra-large-scale arrays.

[0045] The above scheme obtains a communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the sending end and the receiving end; based on the first round of communication data and the first predetermined angular domain search range in the three rounds of communication data, a first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end is determined; based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data and the first predetermined distance domain coverage range in the three rounds of communication data, a first distance domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end is determined; based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first distance domain position estimate and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, the position of the receiving end is determined.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first round of communication data includes first frequency data, first carrier data, and a first maximum beam gain subcarrier index transmitted by the receiving end; determining the first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and a first predetermined angular domain search range includes: determining first angular domain configuration parameters and second angular domain configuration parameters based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angular domain search range; determining a first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the first angular domain configuration parameters, the second angular domain configuration parameters, and the first frequency data; determining a first estimated coordinate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first maximum beam gain subcarrier index; and determining the first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the first estimated coordinate. In this embodiment, the subarray delay parameters are configured based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angular domain search range. With phase shifter parameters This involves determining the configuration parameters for the first and second angular domains. The first carrier data contains crucial information such as the center carrier frequency and the frequencies of each subcarrier. Subcarrier signals of different frequencies exhibit different phase and delay characteristics during propagation. For example, high-frequency carrier signals have shorter wavelengths, resulting in faster phase changes during propagation, and the delay has a more significant impact on the signal. By determining the configuration parameters based on the first carrier data, the delay and phase shifter of the subarrays can be precisely adjusted for carrier signals of different frequencies, ensuring optimal phase and delay matching of the signals received by each subarray, thereby achieving effective signal reception and beam focusing in the target angular domain. The first predetermined angular domain search range clarifies the angular interval that the system needs to focus on. Within this range, the delay and phase difference of the signal arriving at different subarrays follow a certain pattern. Determining the configuration parameters based on this range allows the array antenna to concentrate beam energy within the predetermined angular domain, enhancing the signal reception capability within this area while suppressing interference signals from other angular domains. Therefore, by combining the first carrier data and the first predetermined angular domain search range to jointly determine the first angular domain configuration parameters and the second angular domain configuration parameters, the phase and delay of the subarray can be precisely adjusted. This can provide angular range guidance for subsequent beamforming and other operations, enabling the system to perform targeted signal processing within a specific angular domain.

[0047] An array beamforming vector is a set of complex coefficient vectors used to adjust the phase of subcarrier signals to form a beam in a specific direction. Its phase determines the amount of phase adjustment of the subcarrier signals. By applying weighted processing to each subarray signal, the shape and direction of the array antenna radiation pattern can be controlled, so that the beam forms high gain in the desired direction and low gain or nulls in the interference direction, thereby optimizing the signal reception or transmission performance. Therefore, based on the first angular domain configuration parameters, the second angular domain configuration parameters, and the first frequency data, the first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier in the transmitting end needs to be determined, and the phase weighting of each array element of the array antenna corresponding to each subcarrier needs to be precisely adjusted so that the antenna array forms a beam of a specific shape within a predetermined angular domain, enhancing the reception capability of signals in the target direction. The communication system uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology, where the subcarriers are determined by the transmission bandwidth and subcarrier spacing parameters, and are narrowband carrier signals used to carry the transmitted data between the transmitting and receiving ends. The first and second angular domain configuration parameters reflect the expected and adjustment strategy for the signal arrival angle within a specific angular domain. The first frequency number data involves the wavenumber information of each subcarrier. In the array antenna, when each subarray receives different subcarrier signals, it is necessary to make corresponding phase adjustments according to the first frequency number data in order to achieve beam focusing in a specific direction.

[0048] The elements of the first beamforming vector corresponding to the subcarrier are determined using the following formula: Formula 3 in, This represents the beamforming vector element of the nth element on the mth subcarrier of the central subarray. Configure parameters for the first angle domain. Configure parameters for the second angle domain. center carrier frequency wavenumber, For the m-th subcarrier wavenumber, This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. The inter-electrode spacing on the antenna array.

[0049] Formula 3 This is the power normalization coefficient. The total number of elements in the antenna array, in Formula 3 In the phase-weighted section, beam pointing control is achieved by adjusting the phase.

[0050] The first array beamforming vector corresponding to the subcarrier is expressed by the following formula: Formula 4, where... This represents the zero vector. In an antenna array, not all elements may participate in the current subarray beamforming operation. These zero elements are used to fill in the positions of unparticipating elements, ensuring that the length of the beamforming vector is proportional to the total number of elements in the antenna array. Consistent. This represents all the first beamforming vector elements corresponding to the m-th subcarrier obtained through Formula 3. This indicates the transpose operation.

[0051] In current-round communication, the receiver calculates the maximum beam gain and feeds back the subcarrier number with the maximum beam gain to the transmitter. In an array antenna system, beamforming technology allows the antenna to form a high-gain beam in a specific direction. When a subcarrier reaches its maximum beam gain, it means that the signal corresponding to that subcarrier has the highest beam directionality match with the array antenna at that moment, i.e., the signal is very likely to come from the direction the beam is pointing. It should be noted that beamforming is a signal spatial modulation technique based on an antenna array. By precisely adjusting the phase and amplitude distribution of each antenna element, it directs and focuses electromagnetic wave energy to a specific spatial location, thereby significantly improving signal transmission efficiency and communication reliability. Unlike traditional omnidirectional radiation, beamforming no longer relies on wide-area signal coverage but actively constructs a spatially selective transmission channel, forming a high-gain beam in the target direction while suppressing energy leakage in the direction of interference.

[0052] Based on the first maximum beam gain subcarrier index, the first estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver are determined. The maximum beam gain subcarrier index can serve as a clue to determine the direction of the signal source. Combined with relevant positioning algorithms and prior information, the position coordinates of the receiver can be initially and accurately estimated. Based on the first array beamforming vector and the first estimated coordinates corresponding to each subcarrier, the estimated value of the first angular domain position of the receiver is determined. The estimated value of the first angular domain position is determined by the following formula: Formula 5, where, This is the estimated position of the first angular domain. The first array beamforming vector corresponding to the m-th subcarrier. The first estimated coordinates, Let be the array response vector on the m-th subcarrier in the near field, i.e., the array response vector in the near field. Formula 5 is used to find the parameter value that maximizes the expression following argmax. Since the first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is different, there exists a first array beamforming vector among all first array beamforming vectors that maximizes the above expression. Finding the maximum value means making the beamforming vector as close as possible to the array response vector in direction, even if the beam is pointing in the direction of the signal source. The array response vector on the m-th subcarrier in the near field is determined by the following formula: Formula 6, where, This represents the estimated coordinates of the current receiver location.

[0053] The first array beamforming vector contains the beam pointing angle information, while the first estimated coordinates provide the receiver's position information. In environments with multipath interference, relying solely on coordinate positioning may be affected by reflected signals. By comprehensively considering both coordinate and angle information, the receiver's position relative to the array antenna can be further accurately described from the angle dimension, allowing for a more comprehensive and accurate determination of the receiver's first angular domain position estimate.

[0054] In some embodiments, the second round of communication data includes second frequency data, second carrier data, and a second maximum beam gain subcarrier index transmitted by the receiving end; determining the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage includes: determining a first range domain configuration parameter and a second range domain configuration parameter based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second carrier data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage; determining a second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the first angular domain configuration parameter, the second angular domain configuration parameter, the first range domain configuration parameter, the second range domain configuration parameter, and the second frequency data; determining a second estimated coordinate corresponding to the receiving end based on the second maximum beam gain subcarrier index; and determining the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the second estimated coordinate.

[0055] In this embodiment, first and second distance domain configuration parameters are determined based on a first angular domain position estimate, second carrier data, and a first predetermined distance domain coverage area. The first angular domain position estimate provides angular direction information of the receiver relative to the array antenna. Distance information of the receiver also needs to be obtained; the second carrier data contains data closely related to distance. The first predetermined distance domain coverage area defines the distance range of interest to the system. By comprehensively considering multi-dimensional information such as angle, frequency, and distance range, the first and second distance domain configuration parameters are determined, ensuring their accuracy.

[0056] Based on the first angular domain configuration parameters, the second angular domain configuration parameters, the first range domain configuration parameters, the second range domain configuration parameters, and the second frequency data, the second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is determined. The first and second angular domain configuration parameters define the angular range in which the signal may reach. Different angles result in different incident directions of the signal, leading to different phase differences in the received signals from each element of the array antenna. The first and second range domain configuration parameters limit the distance range of signal propagation; the signal will experience varying degrees of attenuation and phase delay at different distances. The second frequency data reflects the frequency information of each subcarrier; subcarriers of different frequencies exhibit differences in attenuation, dispersion, and other characteristics during propagation. By comprehensively considering these parameters to determine the beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier, beamforming can better adapt to the complex propagation characteristics of the signal in the angular, range, and frequency dimensions. Precise beamforming can form a high-gain beam in the target direction and range, effectively enhancing the strength of the target signal while reducing the influence of interference signals, thereby improving the signal reception quality. High-quality signals provide a more accurate data foundation for subsequent positioning algorithms, contributing to improved positioning accuracy.

[0057] For each subcarrier, the second beamforming vector element corresponding to the subcarrier is determined by the following formula: Formula 7 in, For the beamforming vector elements of the nth element on the mth subcarrier, Configure parameters for the first angle domain. Configure parameters for the second angle domain. Configure parameters for the first distance domain. Configure parameters for the second distance domain. center carrier frequency wavenumber, For the m-th subcarrier wavenumber, This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. The inter-electron spacing is denoted as jn, where j is the imaginary unit and n is the inter-electron index. Based on the beamforming vector elements of the inter-electrons on the subcarriers determined by Formula 7, the second array beamforming vector corresponding to that subcarrier is determined. The representation of the second array beamforming vector is given by Formula 4.

[0058] Based on the second maximum beam gain subcarrier index, the second estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver are determined. The maximum beam gain subcarrier index can serve as a clue to determine the direction of the signal source. Combined with relevant positioning algorithms and prior information, the position coordinates of the receiver can be further estimated more accurately. Based on the second array beamforming vector and the second estimated coordinates, the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiver is determined. The first range domain position estimate is determined using the following formula: Formula 8 The array response vector on the m-th subcarrier in the field, determined based on the second estimated coordinates, can be calculated using Equation 3. The second array beamforming vector is given on the m-th subcarrier. Formula 8 is used to find the parameter value that maximizes the expression following argmax. Since the second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is different, there exists a second array beamforming vector among all the second array beamforming vectors that maximizes the above expression. Finding the maximum value means finding the parameter value that best matches the beamforming vector and the array response vector in the range domain, thereby optimizing signal reception.

[0059] The second array beamforming vector not only contains beam pointing information in the angular direction but also includes adjustment information for a specific range in the range dimension. The second estimated coordinates provide the receiver's position information. By combining the second array beamforming vector and the second estimated coordinates corresponding to each subcarrier to determine the range-domain position estimate, the focusing characteristics of the beam in the range dimension can be fully utilized, reducing the influence of interference signals at other ranges and thus improving the accuracy of range measurement. Through precise beamforming and range positioning based on beam information, the system can form low-gain or nulls in the interference direction, effectively suppressing interference signals. This helps to accurately determine the range-domain position of the receiver in the presence of strong interference.

[0060] This application proposes a time delayer-phase shifter parameter configuration method based on beam splitting, enabling beam training to rapidly search for potential user locations using the beam splitting effect. The time delayer and phase shifter each contain angular and range domain parameters, respectively. and There are a total of 4 parameters.

[0061] In some embodiments, the third round of communication data includes third frequency data, third carrier data, and a third maximum beam gain subcarrier index transmitted by the receiving end; determining the position of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first range domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data includes: determining third angular domain configuration parameters and fourth angular domain configuration parameters based on the third carrier data and a second predetermined angular domain search range; determining a second angular domain position estimate based on the third angular domain configuration parameters, the fourth angular domain configuration parameters, the third frequency data, and the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index; and determining a second angular domain position estimate based on the second angular domain position estimate. The system calculates the coverage area of ​​the third carrier data and the second predetermined range domain, and determines the third range domain configuration parameters and the fourth range domain configuration parameters. Based on the third angle domain configuration parameters, the fourth angle domain configuration parameters, the third range domain configuration parameters, the fourth range domain configuration parameters, and the third frequency data, it determines the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier. Within a predetermined range centered on the first angle domain position estimate and the first range domain position, it determines the third estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver based on the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index corresponding to each subcarrier. Based on the third array beamforming vector and the third estimated coordinates, it determines the target coordinates corresponding to the receiver.

[0062] In this embodiment, the coarse search phase mainly focuses on rapidly narrowing the search range for the receiver and determining the approximate angular and range domain positions, such as the first angular domain position estimate and the first range domain position estimate. The fine search phase, however, requires positioning within a more precise range, demanding higher accuracy and specificity from the parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the third angular domain configuration parameters, fourth angular domain configuration parameters, third range domain configuration parameters, and fourth range domain configuration parameters based on the characteristics of the fine search phase to meet the requirements of fine positioning. Therefore, based on the third carrier data and the second predetermined angular domain search range, the third angular domain configuration parameters and fourth angular domain configuration parameters are determined; based on the third angular domain configuration parameters, fourth angular domain configuration parameters, third frequency data, and the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index, the second angular domain position estimate is determined; based on the second angular domain position estimate, the third carrier data, and the second predetermined range domain coverage area, the third range domain configuration parameters and fourth range domain configuration parameters are determined. The search range of the second predetermined angle domain and the coverage range of the second predetermined distance domain are determined based on historical experience. For example, the search range of the first predetermined angle domain is typically the entire angle domain, while the search range of the second predetermined angle domain can be adapted and changed based on historical experience or actual needs, and is usually a smaller value. Similarly, the coverage range of the first predetermined distance domain is typically from the near-field boundary of the full array sensing system to the Rayleigh distance boundary, while the coverage range of the second predetermined distance domain can be adapted and changed based on historical experience or actual needs, and is usually a smaller value. It should be noted that the formulas for determining the configuration parameters of the third and fourth angle domains are the same as those for determining the configuration parameters of the first and second angle domains, but the specific parameters substituted into the formulas differ. Similarly, the formulas for determining the configuration parameters of the third and fourth distance domains are the same as those for determining the configuration parameters of the first and second distance domains, but the specific parameters substituted into the formulas differ.

[0063] Based on the third-angle domain configuration parameters, fourth-angle domain configuration parameters, third-range domain configuration parameters, fourth-range domain configuration parameters, and third-frequency data, the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is determined. After determining the approximate receiver location range through the coarse search phase, the fine search phase begins. At this stage, the beam characteristics of the array antenna need to be adjusted more precisely to accurately cover the area where receivers may be present. The third-angle domain configuration parameters and fourth-angle domain configuration parameters limit the angular domain range of the fine search phase, while the third-range domain configuration parameters and fourth-range domain configuration parameters determine the distance range. Combining the current information reflected by the third-frequency data, the above parameters are used to determine the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier, enabling the beam to form the optimal shape within a specific fine angular and range domain, meeting the requirements of fine positioning.

[0064] Within a predetermined range centered on the first angular domain position estimate and the first range domain position, the third estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver are determined based on the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index. For example, the predetermined range is determined based on historical experience; for instance, the predetermined range has a size of... The area The first angular domain position estimate and the first range domain position are results obtained in the early positioning stage. Although their accuracy may be limited, they provide important clues to the approximate location of the receiver. Delineating a predetermined range centered on these two values ​​allows subsequent search and positioning work to be focused on a relatively small area, avoiding aimless and extensive searches throughout the entire space, thereby improving positioning efficiency. The third maximum beam gain subcarrier index is closely related to the signal propagation characteristics. When a subcarrier reaches its maximum beam gain, it means that the beam pointing of the array antenna is highly matched with the arrival direction of the signal corresponding to that subcarrier. Within the predetermined range, the third estimated coordinates of the receiver are determined based on this index, providing a preliminary coordinate estimate based on signal characteristics for further accurate determination of the receiver's location.

[0065] The target coordinates at the receiver are determined based on the third array beamforming vector and the third estimated coordinates corresponding to each subcarrier. The third array beamforming vector comprehensively considers factors such as angular and range domain configuration parameters and frequency data, enabling the array antenna beam to accurately point towards the target area. When determining the target coordinates based on the third array beamforming vector and the third estimated coordinates corresponding to each subcarrier, the precise pointing information contained in the beamforming vector is used to correct the third estimated coordinates, achieving efficient and accurate determination of the target coordinates.

[0066] Obtain UE position estimation during the coarse search phase. After that, the algorithm will enter the fine-grained search phase, which involves location estimation. Based on this, the beam coverage area is a region with... The width of the centered angular domain is The distance domain width is The reserved area, usually and This is a relatively small value. The precise location of the UE will be obtained during the fine-tuning search phase to provide better beamforming gain. Set the coverage width in the angular and range domains. and The beam is expected to cover the angular domain region. and distance domain region Based on the closed-form expression designed with parameters, the angular and distance domain parameters of PS and TD are obtained. The generated beam will be... Dense coverage is provided around the center, including all nearby potential areas, to obtain the accurate location of the UE. .

[0067] This application proposes a near-field dynamic beamforming training method to determine the receiver's position, comprising a coarse search stage and a fine search stage. This method provides a concrete solution for efficient beamforming training in XL-MIMO near-field broadband scenarios. In the coarse search stage, a wide-area angle coarse search is first performed using the subarray beamforming vectors obtained by the aforementioned configuration method, and the full array beamforming vectors search the target distance range. In the fine search stage, the aforementioned configuration method is again used to dynamically generate refined beamforming vectors for local regions based on the estimates obtained from the coarse search. The two stages are tightly nested, both relying on the beamforming vectors generated by the aforementioned parameter configuration method. This method constitutes the core technical support for the efficient implementation of the training process.

[0068] In this application, the beam splitting effect utilizes the characteristic that the focusing position of different subcarrier beams in a broadband system varies with frequency. Through parameter optimization configuration of the true delay array and phase shifter, different subcarrier beams can simultaneously achieve angular domain coverage in multiple range loops. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize the generation and search process of beamforming vectors and noise robustness processing. This application proposes an innovative delayer-phase shifter parameter configuration method based on beam splitting to adapt to XL-MIMO near-field broadband beam training scenarios and achieve rapid beam coverage of potential user areas. This method derives analytical expressions for the phase shifter angular domain parameters and range domain parameters through closed-form derivation, enabling dynamic configuration of beam characteristics according to the target coverage area, thereby solving the problem of excessive overhead in traditional near-field beam training. The purpose of this application is to design a low-overhead, high-precision near-field beam training mechanism that achieves rapid and accurate user location through two-stage collaborative search, breaking through the limitations of traditional methods on frequency resources and near-field area range.

[0069] In some embodiments, determining the first angle domain configuration parameter and the second angle domain configuration parameter based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angle domain search range includes: determining the first angle domain configuration parameter and the second angle domain configuration parameter using the following formula: , ,in, Configure parameters for the first angle domain. Configure parameters for the second angle domain. The maximum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. The minimum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, center carrier frequency With the Mth subcarrier The ratio. In this embodiment, for index 1 The antenna element, when the carrier frequency , When focusing on the near-field receiver position, a phase difference will occur. Formula 9, where for wavenumber, At the speed of light, This is the frequency difference. When When the phase difference is small, it can be ignored; but as the phase difference increases... Increase Beam splitting cannot be ignored.

[0070] Specifically, the exact focusing position of the split beam can be obtained by calculating the beam gain. The phase shifter generates a frequency-independent beamforming vector. Represents the center carrier frequency The array near-field response vector on, Angular and range domain parameters for the phase shifter beamforming vector; frequency-dependent beamforming vectors generated by the time delayer. , Angular and range domain parameters for the beamforming vector of the time delayer. Beamforming vector of the array. .

[0071] For simplicity, define a distance cycle. For any position in the near field Its beam gain can be expressed as: Formula 10 in, Let m be the near-field array response vector on the m-th subcarrier. This represents the beamforming vector on the m-th subcarrier. This is the conjugate transpose. Represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. The index number of the array. The element spacing on the antenna array is typically selected from the center carrier frequency. The corresponding half-wavelength is used as the inter-electron spacing. , Representing the m-th subcarrier wavenumber and center carrier frequency The wave number is defined as the number of complete wave cycles contained within a unit distance. ,in These are the speed of light and the carrier frequency, respectively. Beamforming angular domain parameters and range domain parameters.

[0072] , It is a functional expression of beamforming gain calculation. Let be the formal parameter on the linear phase of the function. Let be the formal parameter on the nonlinear phase of the function (corresponding to the part in the absolute value calculation of beamforming gain). The purpose is to simplify the expression and facilitate the study of the law governing beamforming gain variation. When hour By obtaining the maximum value, we can determine the beam focusing position at this point: Formula 11 in, center carrier frequency With the frequency of the m-th subcarrier The ratio, This is the ratio of the center carrier frequency to the Mth subcarrier frequency.

[0073] Angular domain parameters The configuration is based on the beam coverage angular range. and To be determined jointly. Order Consider using The size of the control beam angle range is , The center direction of the control angular domain coverage is Beam angular range Depend on Control, center direction of the angle range Depend on Control. From this, we can obtain... and After solving the simultaneous equations, the parameter configuration of the angular domain can be obtained: , formula twelve.

[0074] In some embodiments, determining the first distance domain configuration parameter and the second distance domain configuration parameter based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second carrier data, and the first predetermined distance domain coverage includes: determining the first distance domain configuration parameter and the second distance domain configuration parameter using the following formula: , , , ,in, Configure parameters for the first distance domain. center carrier frequency With the frequency of the Mth subcarrier The ratio, center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, Configure parameters for the second distance domain. This is the estimated position value of the first corner domain. The maximum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain. It is the minimum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain. In this embodiment, the range domain parameters are configured according to the beam coverage range. and By jointly determining this, the range of the distance ring can be obtained. Similarly, consider... The size of the limited beam coverage area is , Limiting the center carrier Focusing distance of the corresponding beam Solving the system of equations simultaneously yields the distance domain parameters. : Formula Thirteen in, , center carrier frequency The corresponding beam's focal point in the range domain For distance domain parameters sum This overcomes physical limitations while simplifying the expression of subsequent parameters. It has no actual physical meaning; it's just for the sake of simplification.

[0075] In some embodiments, determining the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the third angle domain configuration parameters, the fourth angle domain configuration parameters, the third distance domain configuration parameters, the fourth distance domain configuration parameters, and the third frequency data includes: for each subcarrier, determining the beamforming vector element corresponding to the subcarrier using the following formula: ,in, For the beamforming vector elements of the nth element on the mth subcarrier, center carrier frequency wavenumber, For the m-th subcarrier wavenumber, Configure parameters for the third angle domain. Configure parameters for the fourth corner field. Configure parameters for the third distance domain. Configure parameters for the fourth distance domain. This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. The inter-electrode spacing on the antenna array is given by jn, where j is the imaginary unit and n is the inter-electrode index. Based on the beamforming vector elements of all inter-electrodes on the subcarrier, the beamforming vector of the third array corresponding to the subcarrier is determined.

[0076] In this embodiment, the formula introduces angular domain configuration parameters and range domain configuration parameters, and combines them with the wavenumbers of different carriers to precisely control the beam's pointing and coverage range in both angular and range dimensions. In a communication positioning system, the receiver may be located within a specific angular domain and range. Determining the beamforming vector element corresponding to each subcarrier in this way enables the antenna array's beam to more accurately cover the receiver's area, improving signal reception quality. The formula also considers the wavenumbers of the center carrier and multiple subcarriers because, in actual multi-carrier communication systems, subcarriers of different frequencies have different propagation characteristics. By designing beamforming for different subcarriers separately, the characteristics of each subcarrier can be fully utilized, enabling the entire system to achieve good beam performance at different frequencies and adapt to the complex signal environment of multi-carrier systems. Dividing the entire array into multiple subarrays and designing specific beamforming vectors for each subarray allows for refined beamforming design. Different subarrays can independently adjust their beam characteristics according to their position and role in the array, thereby forming a more flexible and optimized beam shape across the entire array to meet different positioning and communication needs.

[0077] In multi-carrier systems, optimizing beamforming for each subcarrier can improve the system's spectral efficiency and anti-interference capability. By effectively focusing the beam across different frequencies, the system can improve signal transmission quality and reliability without increasing transmit power, thus enhancing the overall performance of the communication and positioning system. Precise beam pointing and coverage can enhance the received signal strength at the receiver and reduce the impact of interference signals from other directions. During positioning, more accurate signal reception helps extract more precise positioning-related information, such as determining the receiver's location based on maximum beam gain, thereby improving positioning accuracy.

[0078] in, It is a power normalization factor, where Nt is the total number of elements in the antenna array. The purpose of normalization is to ensure that the amplitude of the beamforming vector is within a suitable range, which facilitates subsequent signal processing and analysis, and ensures the reasonable distribution of signal power after beamforming. Related to angle-dependent phase adjustment, angular domain configuration parameters are used to determine the beam's pointing and coverage in the angular direction. By multiplying and summing with the wavenumber, the beam can form the desired pointing characteristics in a specific angular domain. Related to range-dependent phase adjustment, range domain configuration parameters are used to limit the range of beam's influence in the range dimension. Combined with the element index, element spacing, and wavenumber, phase adjustment is performed through exponential operations to enable the beam to form suitable characteristics in a specific range domain.

[0079] In some embodiments, determining the target coordinates corresponding to the receiver based on the third array beamforming vector and the third estimated coordinates includes: determining the target coordinates using the following formula: ,in, The target coordinates are... Based on the third estimated coordinates The near-field array response vector on the determined m-th subcarrier, The third array beamforming vector corresponding to the m-th subcarrier. This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. In this embodiment, the absolute value of the inner product reaches its maximum when the signal direction represented by the near-field array response vector best matches the direction pointed to by the beamforming vector. In a positioning scenario, this means that the beam direction of the antenna array is most consistent with the arrival direction of the signal at the receiving end. Therefore, the angle information of the receiving end can be determined based on the parameters at this time, and then combined with other relevant information to determine the distance, etc., and finally the target coordinates can be obtained, improving the accuracy of positioning.

[0080] In the formula, It is a function used to find the parameter value that maximizes the following expression. In other words, it finds the value that makes the expression maximize the given expression. To reach the target coordinates that include the maximum angular distance. This is the power normalization factor. The purpose of normalization is to normalize the transmitted power of the beamforming vector, making the calculation results comparable for different numbers of elements, which facilitates subsequent operations such as finding the maximum value. | indicates the absolute value operation. Since the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is different, there exists a third array beamforming vector among all third array beamforming vectors that maximizes the above expression. In signal processing, this calculates the absolute value of the inner product of the near-field array response vector and the beamforming vector. The absolute value reflects the degree of correlation or signal matching between the two. Let be the near-field array response vector on the m-th subcarrier determined based on the third estimated coordinates (θ, α). Here, θ is related to the angle and α is related to the distance. This vector describes the response characteristics of the antenna array to signals from angle θ and related distance information (implied in the parameters) under a specific subcarrier. The third array beamforming vector is used to adjust the radiation characteristics of the antenna array in different directions, so that the beam forms a high gain in a specific direction to better receive the target signal.

[0081] It should be noted that the method in this embodiment can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method can also be applied in a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method in this embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method described.

[0082] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of this application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0083] Based on the same inventive concept, and corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a two-stage dynamic beam training device based on beam splitting.

[0084] refer to Figure 4 The two-stage dynamic beam training device based on beam splitting is applied at the transmitting end, and the device includes: The acquisition module 10 is configured to acquire a communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the sending end and the receiving end.

[0085] The first determining module 20 is configured to determine the first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and the first predetermined angular domain search range.

[0086] The second determining module 30 is configured to determine the first distance domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, and the first predetermined distance domain coverage area.

[0087] The third determining module 40 is configured to determine the position of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first distance domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data.

[0088] Using the aforementioned apparatus, a communication data sequence is acquired, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the transmitting end and the receiving end; based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and a first predetermined angular domain search range, a first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end is determined; based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and a first predetermined distance domain coverage range, a first distance domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end is determined; based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first distance domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, the position of the receiving end is determined.

[0089] In some embodiments, the first round of communication data includes first frequency data, first carrier data, and a first maximum beam gain subcarrier sequence number transmitted by the receiving end; the first determining module 20 is further configured to determine a first angular domain configuration parameter and a second angular domain configuration parameter based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angular domain search range; determine a first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the first angular domain configuration parameter, the second angular domain configuration parameter, and the first frequency data; determine a first estimated coordinate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first maximum beam gain subcarrier sequence number; and determine a first angular domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the first estimated coordinate.

[0090] In some embodiments, the second round of communication data includes second frequency data, second carrier data, and a second maximum beam gain subcarrier index transmitted by the receiving end; the second determining module 30 is further configured to determine a first range domain configuration parameter and a second range domain configuration parameter based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second carrier data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage; determine a second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the first angular domain configuration parameter, the second angular domain configuration parameter, the first range domain configuration parameter, the second range domain configuration parameter, and the second frequency data; determine a second estimated coordinate corresponding to the receiving end based on the second maximum beam gain subcarrier index; and determine a first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the second estimated coordinate.

[0091] In some embodiments, the third round of communication data includes third frequency data, third carrier data, and a third maximum beam gain subcarrier index transmitted by the receiving end; the third determining module 40 is further configured to determine third angle domain configuration parameters and fourth angle domain configuration parameters based on the third carrier data and a second predetermined angle domain search range; determine a second angle domain position estimate based on the third angle domain configuration parameters, the fourth angle domain configuration parameters, the third frequency data, and the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index; and determine a second angle domain position estimate based on the second angle domain position estimate, the third carrier data, and the second predetermined distance domain coverage range. The system determines the third and fourth range domain configuration parameters. Based on the third and fourth angle domain configuration parameters, the third and fourth range domain configuration parameters, and the third frequency data, it determines the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier. Within a predetermined range centered on the first angle domain position estimate and the first range domain position, it determines the third estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver based on the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index. Based on the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the third estimated coordinates, it determines the target coordinates corresponding to the receiver.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first determining module 20 is further configured to determine the first angle domain configuration parameter and the second angle domain configuration parameter using the following formula: , ,in, Configure parameters for the first angle domain. Configure parameters for the second angle domain. The maximum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. The minimum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, center carrier frequency With the frequency of the Mth subcarrier The ratio.

[0093] In some embodiments, the second determining module 30 is further configured to determine the first distance domain configuration parameter and the second distance domain configuration parameter by means of the following formula: , , , ,in, Configure parameters for the first distance domain. This is the ratio of the center carrier frequency to the Mth subcarrier. center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, Configure parameters for the second distance domain. This is the estimated position value of the first corner domain. The maximum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain. It is the minimum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain.

[0094] In some embodiments, the third determining module 40 is further configured to determine the beamforming vector element corresponding to each subcarrier using the following formula: ,in, For the beamforming vector elements of the nth element on the mth subcarrier, center carrier frequency wavenumber, For the m-th subcarrier wavenumber, Configure parameters for the third angle domain. Configure parameters for the fourth corner field. Configure parameters for the third distance domain. Configure parameters for the fourth distance domain. This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. The inter-electrode spacing on the antenna array is given by jn, where j is the imaginary unit and n is the inter-electrode index. Based on the beamforming vector elements of all inter-electrodes on the subcarrier, the beamforming vector of the third array corresponding to the subcarrier is determined.

[0095] In some embodiments, the third determining module 40 is further configured to determine the target coordinates using the following formula: ,in, The target coordinates are... Based on the third estimated coordinates The near-field array response vector on the determined m-th subcarrier, The third array beamforming vector corresponding to the m-th subcarrier. This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array.

[0096] For ease of description, the above devices are described in terms of function, divided into various modules. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0097] The apparatus of the above embodiments is used to implement the corresponding two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0098] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0099] Figure 5 This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device. The device may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0100] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0101] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0102] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. The input / output modules can be configured as components in the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touch screens, microphones, various sensors, etc., and output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0103] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0104] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0105] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0106] The electronic devices described above are used to implement the corresponding two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting in any of the foregoing embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0107] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0108] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0109] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute the two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] Based on the same concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions, which, when the computer program instructions are run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0111] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application can also be further described in the following ways: It is understood that before using the technical solutions of the various embodiments in this disclosure, users will be informed of the type, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in an appropriate manner, and user authorization will be obtained.

[0112] For example, upon receiving a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to explicitly inform them that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose, based on the prompt message, whether to provide personal information to the software or hardware such as electronic devices, applications, servers, or storage media performing the operations of this disclosed technical solution.

[0113] As an optional but not limited implementation, in response to a user's active request, sending a prompt message to the user can be done via a pop-up window, where the prompt message can be presented in text format. Furthermore, the pop-up window can also include a selection control allowing the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0114] It is understood that the above notification and user authorization process are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the implementation of this disclosure. Other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0115] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application is limited to these examples; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0116] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, the well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Furthermore, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this application will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this application can be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0117] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0118] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A two-stage dynamic beam training method based on beam splitting, characterized in that, Applied to the sending end, the method includes: Acquire a communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the sending end and the receiving end; Based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and the first predetermined angular domain search range, the estimated value of the first angular domain position corresponding to the receiving end is determined. Based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and the first predetermined distance domain coverage area, the first distance domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end is determined; The location of the receiving end is determined based on the first angular domain location estimate, the first distance domain location estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first round of communication data includes first frequency data, first carrier data, and first maximum beam gain subcarrier sequence number transmitted by the receiving end; The step of determining the estimated first angular domain position of the receiving end based on the first round of communication data and the first predetermined angular domain search range in the three rounds of communication data includes: Based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angle domain search range, determine the first angle domain configuration parameters and the second angle domain configuration parameters; Based on the first angular domain configuration parameters, the second angular domain configuration parameters and the first frequency data, the first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is determined; Based on the first maximum beam gain subcarrier number, determine the first estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver; Based on the first array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the first estimated coordinates, the estimated value of the first angular domain position corresponding to the receiver is determined.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second round of communication data includes second frequency data, second carrier data, and a second maximum beam gain subcarrier sequence number transmitted by the receiving end; The step of determining the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage area includes: Based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second carrier data, and the first predetermined distance domain coverage, determine the first distance domain configuration parameters and the second distance domain configuration parameters; Based on the first angle domain configuration parameters, the second angle domain configuration parameters, the first distance domain configuration parameters, the second distance domain configuration parameters, and the second frequency data, the second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is determined; Based on the second maximum beam gain subcarrier index, determine the second estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver; Based on the second array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the second estimated coordinates, the first range domain position estimate corresponding to the receiver is determined.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third round of communication data includes third frequency data, third carrier data, and third maximum beam gain subcarrier sequence number transmitted by the receiving end; Determining the location of the receiving end based on the first angular domain location estimate, the first distance domain location estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data includes: Based on the third carrier data and the second predetermined angle domain search range, the third angle domain configuration parameters and the fourth angle domain configuration parameters are determined. Based on the third corner domain configuration parameters, the fourth corner domain configuration parameters, the third frequency data, and the third maximum beam gain subcarrier number, the estimated value of the second corner domain position is determined; Based on the second angular domain position estimate, the third carrier data, and the second predetermined distance domain coverage, the third distance domain configuration parameters and the fourth distance domain configuration parameters are determined. Based on the third corner domain configuration parameters, the fourth corner domain configuration parameters, the third distance domain configuration parameters, the fourth distance domain configuration parameters, and the third frequency data, the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is determined. Within a predetermined range centered on the first angular domain position estimate and the first distance domain position, the third estimated coordinates corresponding to the receiver are determined based on the third maximum beam gain subcarrier index. The target coordinates corresponding to the receiver are determined based on the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier and the third estimated coordinates.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the first angle domain configuration parameters and the second angle domain configuration parameters based on the first carrier data and the first predetermined angle domain search range includes: The first corner domain configuration parameters and the second corner domain configuration parameters are determined using the following formula: ， ， in, Configure parameters for the first angle domain. Configure parameters for the second angle domain. The maximum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. The minimum value within the first predetermined corner domain search range. center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, center carrier frequency With the frequency of the Mth subcarrier The ratio.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the first range domain configuration parameters and the second range domain configuration parameters based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second carrier data, and the first predetermined range domain coverage includes: The first distance domain configuration parameter and the second distance domain configuration parameter are determined by the following formula: ， ， ， ， in, Configure parameters for the first distance domain. center carrier frequency With the frequency of the Mth subcarrier The ratio, center carrier frequency With the first subcarrier frequency The ratio, Configure parameters for the second distance domain. This is the estimated position value of the first corner domain. The maximum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain. It is the minimum value within the coverage area of ​​the first predetermined distance domain.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the third array beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier based on the third angle domain configuration parameters, the fourth angle domain configuration parameters, the third range domain configuration parameters, the fourth range domain configuration parameters, and the third frequency data includes: For each subcarrier, the beamforming vector element corresponding to the subcarrier is determined by the following formula: ， in, For the beamforming vector elements of the nth element on the mth subcarrier, center carrier frequency wavenumber, For the m-th subcarrier wavenumber, Configure parameters for the third angle domain. Configure parameters for the fourth corner field. Configure parameters for the third distance domain. Configure parameters for the fourth distance domain. This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array. The spacing between the elements on the antenna array is jn, where j is the imaginary unit and n is the element index. Based on the beamforming vector elements of all elements on the subcarrier, the third array beamforming vector corresponding to the subcarrier is determined.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the target coordinates corresponding to the receiver based on the third array beamforming vector and the third estimated coordinates includes: The target coordinates are determined using the following formula: ， in, The target coordinates are... Based on the third estimated coordinates The near-field array response vector on the determined m-th subcarrier, The third array beamforming vector corresponding to the m-th subcarrier, This represents the total number of elements in the antenna array.

9. A two-stage dynamic beam training device based on beam splitting, characterized in that, Applied to the transmitting end, the device includes: The acquisition module is configured to acquire a communication data sequence, wherein the communication data sequence includes three rounds of communication data corresponding to the sending end and the receiving end; The first determining module is configured to determine the estimated value of the first angular domain position corresponding to the receiving end based on the first round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data and the first predetermined angular domain search range. The second determining module is configured to determine the first distance domain position estimate corresponding to the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the second round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data, and the first predetermined distance domain coverage area. The third determining module is configured to determine the position of the receiving end based on the first angular domain position estimate, the first distance domain position estimate, and the third round of communication data in the three rounds of communication data.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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