A ue-specific dynamic resource pool communication method and system for non-terrestrial networks

Abstract

The application discloses a UE dedicated dynamic resource pool communication method and system for non-ground network, and belongs to the field of 6G wireless communication. The application proposes an architecture in which a ground logical processing center is separated from a low-orbit satellite physical access node, aiming at solving four problems of switching interruption, signaling storm, frequent location updating and low paging efficiency caused by satellite movement and feeder link switching in the NTN scenario. The LPC is deployed on the ground station and serves as the only logical anchor point of the UE, establishes a dedicated dynamic resource pool for each UE and maintains a mapping table of logical index to physical resource. The PAN is deployed on the LEO satellite and is responsible for physical layer transmission and reception. The UE communicates based on the logical index, and all physical layer changes are absorbed by the mapping table. The UE can obtain the resource index by using a traditional 5G signaling mode or a zero-signaling mode based on a dynamic security root. The application realizes UE switching-free, zero-signaling and no-sense movement, completely eliminates the location updating signaling, realizes accurate paging and significantly improves the system performance and user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically relating to the non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture and resource management method in sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems. In particular, it is an architecture centered on user equipment (UE) and separated from low-orbit satellite physical access nodes through a terrestrial logical processing center. This architecture builds a dedicated dynamic resource pool for the UE and systematically solves four major problems in NTN scenarios: handover interruption, signaling storm, frequent location updates, and low paging efficiency. It achieves a communication method and system with no handover, zero signaling, and seamless UE movement. Background Technology

[0002] Since the birth of the first generation of mobile communication systems, wireless networks have always followed a "cell"-centric architecture. This architecture implicitly contains a fundamental assumption that has never been questioned in the past sixty years: base stations are fixed, while user equipment moves. Under this assumption, directly scheduling physical resources is the most natural solution, handover is considered the responsibility of the UE, and the network only needs to cooperate in completing signaling interactions.

[0003] However, the rise of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) has completely shattered this fundamental assumption. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites move at high speeds of approximately 7.56 km / s, causing the "base station" itself to become a mobile entity or a ground station requiring frequent connection handovers. 3GPP TR 38.821 defines two NTN architectures, but both suffer from fundamental flaws: 1. Issues with transparent forwarding mode In transparent relay mode, the gNB is deployed at a ground station, and the satellite acts only as a relay amplifier. When the LEO satellite moves, a feed link switch occurs—the satellite switches from connecting to one ground station to connecting to another. This switch causes the following problems: - Passive change of UE serving gNB: Although the UE itself has not moved, its signal is connected to a new ground station via a satellite, causing the UE's serving gNB to change from the original ground station to the new ground station. The UE must perform the complete handover procedure (measurement, reporting, handover command, random access), resulting in significant interruption and latency.

[0004] - Location updates are unavoidable: changes in the gNB may cause changes in the tracking area, and the UE needs to execute TAU signaling.

[0005] - Low paging efficiency: The core network cannot determine which gNB is currently serving the UE, requiring multi-satellite broadcasting.

[0006] 2. Issues with the regeneration mode In regenerative mode, the gNB is deployed directly on the satellite. The high-speed movement of the satellite renders the gNB itself a mobile entity, requiring UEs to frequently switch serving satellites. Analysis of TR 38.821 shows that the traditional handover process experiences interruptions of up to 810–1080 ms in satellite scenarios, which is completely unacceptable for real-time services. Furthermore, when a large number of UEs switch simultaneously, signaling storms can easily lead to network congestion.

[0007] 3. An analysis of the absurdity of a fixed UE being forced to switch in transparent mode. It is worth noting that in the transparent forwarding mode defined by 3GPP TR 38.821, there is a counterintuitive but crucial issue: even if the UE remains stationary, it may still be forced to perform multiple handovers.

[0008] Consider the following scenarios (e.g.) Figure 11 (as shown) - At time T1: The UE is located at a fixed position P and is served by satellite A, which is connected to ground station 1 (base station 1). - At time T2: Satellite A's movement causes a power supply link switch, and Satellite A connects to ground station 2 (base station 2). At this time, the UE is still served by satellite A, but the serving base station has changed from base station 1 to base station 2, and the UE must perform a complete handover procedure. - At time T3: Satellite A continues to move and is about to leave the UE's coverage area, while Satellite B enters the coverage area. At this time, Satellite B connects to Ground Station 1 (Base Station 1), and the UE's serving base station changes back from Base Station 2 to Base Station 1. The UE must perform another handover. Result: The UE remained stationary, yet was forced to perform two handovers between T2 and T3, each with an interruption time as long as 810-1080ms. Even more absurdly, these two handovers caused the UE to switch from base station 1 to base station 2 and then back from base station 2 to base station 1, resulting in severe signaling waste and a degraded user experience. The root of this absurdity lies in the fact that in traditional architectures, the UE's attachment point is the physical base station, which passively changes with satellite movement and power supply link switching.

[0009] In summary, the existing NTN architecture has fundamental defects in four aspects: handover interruption, signaling storm, location update, and paging efficiency, and cannot meet the requirements of future 6G networks for seamless coverage and deterministic communication.

[0010] The applicant's previous application, "A Communication Method and System for UE-Dedicated Dynamic Resource Pool Based on Dynamic Security Foundation" (application number 2026102281021), proposed a UE-centric general architecture, but did not provide a specific deployment design for NTN scenarios.

[0011] It is worth noting that the NTN scenario provides a unique and inherent advantage for this invention: as a next-generation device, the NTN terminal can be designed for multi-mode operation—using the traditional 5G mechanism under terrestrial network coverage, and automatically switching to the dedicated resource pool mode proposed in this invention when accessing satellite networks. This design ensures compatibility with existing networks while fully leveraging the unique advantages of the NTN scenario, providing a smooth evolution path for standardization. Summary of the Invention

[0012] I. Purpose of the Invention The purpose of this invention is to provide a UE-specific dynamic resource pool communication method applicable to non-terrestrial networks. Through the architecture of separating terrestrial LPC and LEO PAN, the UE is completely freed from dependence on satellite cells, and the four major problems in NTN scenarios are systematically solved: handover interruption, signaling storm, frequent location updates, and low paging efficiency, so as to achieve communication with no handover, zero signaling, and seamless UE movement.

[0013] II. Core Idea: Decoupling Logical Resources from Physical Nodes The core idea of ​​this invention is to separate the "logical processing function" and "physical transceiver function" of traditional base stations, and to build a dedicated dynamic resource pool architecture centered on the UE by taking advantage of the inherent advantages of fixed ground stations.

[0014] This contrasts sharply with the two architectures defined in 3GPP TR 38.821: Architecture type Base station location Satellite role Reasons for the change in UE service node Switching Necessity Transparent mode ground station relay Satellite switching ground station → gNB change Must switch Regeneration mode On the satellite base station Satellite movement → gNB running Must switch This invention Ground LPC PAN LPC is fixed and never changes. No need to switch This invention completely solves the absurd problem of a fixed UE being forced to switch in transparent mode by introducing LPC as the UE's sole logical anchor point: Regardless of satellite movement or power supply link switching, the LPC remains unchanged. - Changes to satellite and ground stations are completely absorbed by the mapping table, and the UE is unaware of them. - The UE will never be forced to perform a handover due to satellite movement.

[0015] III. Technical Solution 3.1 Core Architecture In the NTN scenario, this invention separates the logical processing function from the physical transceiver function of a traditional base station, introducing two core logical entities: - Logical Processing Center (LPC): Centrally deployed at the ground station, serving as the sole logical anchor point for the UE, responsible for all logical processing functions related to radio resources. The LPC establishes and maintains a dedicated dynamic resource pool for each UE, maintains a mapping table from resource indexes to physical resources within the pool, performs resource conflict arbitration, manages the global resource calendar, and dynamically adjusts the resource pool configuration based on the UE's mobility, service requirements, channel quality, etc. The LPC can be deployed as a standalone physical device or integrated into existing base stations, edge computing nodes, or cloud servers.

[0016] - Physical Access Node (PAN): Deployed on a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, it is responsible for physical layer transmission and reception and basic synchronization functions, including radio frequency signal transmission / reception, radio frame construction / parsing, high-precision time synchronization, uplink pilot signal measurement and reporting to LPC, and broadcasting system information (such as synchronization signals and access commitments). Multiple PANs can work together to provide physical resources for the UE.

[0017] The LPC and PAN are connected via a power supply link, supporting high-precision time synchronization (such as IEEE 1588v2). The LPC maintains a standard interface (such as N2 / N3) with the core network, and the PAN and UE use the NR-Uu air interface protocol.

[0018] 3.2 Core Solutions (Common Technologies) This invention proposes a UE-centric dedicated dynamic resource pool architecture, which achieves complete decoupling between the UE and the physical network by separating logical processing from physical transmission and reception. Regardless of the resource index acquisition method used, the following core technologies form the common foundation of this invention: The core idea is that each UE has a logically independent dedicated resource pool, and the mapping relationship between resource indexes and physical resources within the pool is maintained uniformly by the network side. The UE only needs to communicate based on its own logical space and does not need to be aware of changes in the physical network topology; all physical layer changes (satellite movement, power supply link switching, beam changes, etc.) are absorbed by the mapping table and are completely transparent to the UE. This idea draws inspiration from virtual memory management in computer systems—each process has an independent virtual address space, while physical memory is managed uniformly by the operating system.

[0019] Specifically, the core solution of this invention includes the following key technical points: 3.2.1 UE-specific logical resource pool An independent logical resource index space is established for each UE, ranging from 0 to M_pool-1, where M_pool is the pool size. All UE communication is based on this logical space, without needing to know which satellite, beam, or frequency band the physical resources are located on. The size of the logical resource pool, M_pool, can be dynamically adjusted according to factors such as the UE's service requirements, channel quality, and mobility speed. For stationary IoT devices, M_pool can be fixed at 1 to achieve precise resource allocation; for high-speed mobile UEs, M_pool can be appropriately increased to accommodate frequent mapping updates.

[0020] 3.2.2 Logical-to-Physical Mapping Table LPC maintains a global mapping table that maps (UE_ID, logical index) to specific physical resource descriptors (PAN_ID, beam ID, time-frequency resource block). The mapping table acts as a bridge between the logical and physical worlds, and its updates are independent of UE behavior. When a satellite moves, beams switch, or the feed link changes, LPC only needs to update the mapping table; the UE's computation and transmission / reception remain unaffected. The mapping table supports two granularities of updates: overall satellite migration (when the UE moves from one satellite's coverage area to another) and partial beam migration (when moving across beams within the same satellite).

[0021] 3.2.3 Dynamic Mapping Update Mechanism When a UE moves or satellite / beam coverage changes, LPC dynamically adjusts the mapping table based on measurement information reported by the PAN, gradually adding physical resources from the new coverage area to the UE's dedicated pool and gradually removing resources from areas further away. The update process employs a smooth migration strategy of "adding first, then subtracting": - New Area Resource Pre-addition: LPC pre-adds the physical resources of new PANs to the mapping table in a "ready" state. - Gradual migration: LPC migrates the index mapping targets in the UE-specific pool from the original PAN to the new PAN in batches. The migration granularity can be the entire satellite or part of the beam. - Remote area resource removal: Release the corresponding resources after the UE completely leaves the original PAN coverage area. Throughout the migration process, the R_pool calculated or received by the UE remains unchanged, and communication is interrupted without interruption.

[0022] 3.2.4 Adaptive Multi-Band and Multi-Service Flow When a UE's dedicated resource pool spans multiple frequency bands, LPC allocates logical index ranges corresponding to each frequency band in frequency order, and can dynamically adjust the index range ratio according to service load. This allocation method allows the UE to determine its frequency band based solely on the size of R_pool, achieving an implicit mapping between logical indexes and physical resources without requiring any frequency band switching signaling.

[0023] For multi-service flow scenarios, each service flow (identified by LCID) can be configured with an independent resource granularity G (the number of PRBs corresponding to each logical index) to achieve differentiated QoS guarantees. The UE automatically determines the frequency band and physical resources to use based on the LCID and R_pool size of the current service flow, without the need for additional signaling.

[0024] 3.2.5 Seamless movement and disappearance of transitions Since the UE's attachment point is a logical LPC rather than a physical satellite, the UE's serving LPC remains unchanged regardless of satellite movement or power supply link switching. The absurdity of the traditional NTN architecture, where the UE is fixed but forced to switch (see background technology), is completely solved—all physical layer changes are absorbed by the mapping table, and the UE does not need to execute any handover signaling, achieving truly seamless movement.

[0025] 3.2.6 Seamless Location Update The logical location of a UE is uniquely determined by its home LPC and is independent of the currently serving satellite. The core network only needs to know the LPC to which the UE belongs and does not need to track satellite-level location changes. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform Tracking Area Update (TAU) signaling at all. This not only eliminates the air interface overhead caused by massive TAU signaling but also significantly reduces UE power consumption, which is especially important for IoT devices.

[0026] 3.2.7 Precise Paging When the core network needs to page a UE, it only needs to send a paging request to the LPC. The LPC accurately determines the PAN and beam that the UE is currently serving based on the mapping table, and sends the paging message only on that beam, avoiding the resource waste caused by multi-satellite broadcast paging in traditional NTN. Paging efficiency reaches 100%, and paging capacity is greatly improved.

[0027] The aforementioned common technologies form the cornerstone of this invention, and they are independent of the specific method of obtaining resource indexes. Subsequent chapters will, based on this framework, elaborate on the detailed implementation processes of the two resource index acquisition modes.

[0028] 3.3 Basic Concepts of Two Resource Acquisition Modes Depending on the different ways the UE and the network side obtain logical resource indexes, this invention supports two independent working modes to adapt to the network deployment needs at different stages.

[0029] 3.3.1 Traditional 5G signaling mode (Mode A) In Mode A, the UE uses the existing 5G scheduling mechanism, interacting with the network through Scheduling Requests (SR) and Downlink Control Information (DCI). The Logical Resource Pricing (LPC), acting as the network-side scheduling decision entity, allocates logical resource indices to the UE and distributes them to the UE via the gNB. The UE only needs the ability to translate logical indices into physical resources and does not need to understand zero-signaling technologies such as DSF. This mode is fully compatible with existing 5G terminals and can serve as a smooth transition solution.

[0030] Basic concepts: - Scheduling Request (SR): A scheduling request sent by the UE via PUCCH, which triggers LPC to allocate resources.

[0031] - Downlink Control Information (DCI): The gNB uses this to send physical layer signaling for scheduling allocation to the UE, which may include a logical resource index field.

[0032] - Logical to physical conversion: The UE converts the received R_pool into specific time-frequency resources according to the pre-configured physical layer parameters (frequency point, bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, resource granularity, etc.).

[0033] 3.3.2 DSF Zero Signaling Mode (Mode B) Mode B, based on the Dynamic Security Foundation (DSF) technology previously proposed by the applicant, achieves zero-signaling coordination between the UE and LPC. Both parties share a set of DSF triples (security key K_sec, initial anchor Init_Anchor, rule identifier Rule_ID) and independently run the Protocol Security State Machine (PSSM), outputting a consistent logical state S(t) at the same logical decision point. The UE and LPC independently calculate the same in-pool resource index R_pool based on S(t), without any signaling interaction. When multiple UEs experience index conflicts, the LPC performs a two-step deterministic arbitration and notifies the winning UE via downlink implicit authorization (sending a valid signal on downlink resources).

[0034] Basic concepts: - DSF triple: (K_sec, Init_Anchor, Rule_ID), used to initialize the protocol security state machine.

[0035] - Protocol Secure State Machine (PSSM): A deterministic state machine based on DSF triples, which evolves independently of both parties and outputs a time-varying logic state S(t).

[0036] - Logical decision moment: a discrete moment on the logical timeline defined by Rule_ID, at which both parties independently calculate the resource index.

[0037] - Physical anchor point time T_anchor: At the logical decision moment, the UE instantaneously reads the time base obtained from the local physical clock.

[0038] - Fixed offsets Δ_dl and Δ_ul: used to calculate the downlink listening time T_DL and the uplink transmission time T_UL from T_anchor.

[0039] - Two-step deterministic arbitration: When multiple UEs' R_pools point to the same physical resource, LPC first performs a resource availability pre-check, and then performs conflict arbitration (either order is acceptable) to ensure that only one winner is granted authorization. The arbitration result is notified to the UE via downlink implicit authorization (sending a valid signal on the R_d corresponding to the winning UE), without explicit signaling.

[0040] 3.4 Mode A: NTN UE Dedicated Resource Pool Solution under Traditional 5G Signaling Mode This section details how a UE can achieve seamless mobile communication throughout the entire process using a dedicated dynamic resource pool under the traditional 5G signaling mode.

[0041] 3.4.1 Full Process Timing Diagram See appendix Figure 3 .

[0042] 3.4.2 Detailed Steps 3.4.2.1 Initial Access and Establishment of Dedicated Resource Pool 1. PAN Broadcast Access Commitment: The following information will be broadcast every PAN (LEO satellite) cycle: - Synchronization signal (used for UE time synchronization) - PAN identifier (PAN_ID) - Network commitment: Contains a future target time T_target and a network signature Sig, which is generated from the LPC's private key pair (T_target || Nonce || "GFRA"). 2. UE receives and verifies broadcasts: After powering on, the UE searches for and synchronizes downlink signals to the PAN, and reads broadcast information. The UE uses a pre-configured LPC public key to verify the network signature Sig, confirming the authenticity and integrity of the network commitment and preventing attacks from fake base stations.

[0043] 3. The UE calculates access resources and sends MsgA: The UE generates a local random number R_UE and calculates the temporary identity Temp_ID = H(R_UE || UE_ID). At the target time T_target, the UE calculates its dedicated access resources: - Root = H(Sig || T_target || PAN_ID || "RACH_ROOT") - Resource_Index = H(Root || Temp_ID) mod N, where N is the size of the public access resource pool. The UE sends MsgA on the calculated resources. MsgA may contain Temp_ID and service identifier (such as URLLC, eMBB, mMTC, etc.).

[0044] 4. LPC processes MsgA and performs two-step arbitration: Within the receive window corresponding to T_target, LPC performs blind detection at all N resource locations in the common access resource pool. For each resource location where MsgA is detected, LPC performs two-step arbitration: - Step 1: Conflict Arbitration. If multiple different Temp_IDs are decoded at the same resource location, a winning UE is selected according to preset rules (such as selecting the smallest Temp_ID).

[0045] - Step 2: Resource check. Confirm that the resource location belongs to the public access resource pool and is not occupied.

[0046] 5. LPC issues MsgB and allocates a dedicated pool: Based on the service identifier carried in the winning UE's MsgA, the LPC allocates an initial dedicated dynamic resource pool to the UE. The principles for determining the pool size M_pool include: - URLLC services: smaller pool size but higher priority - eMBB service: Larger pool size, supports high speed - mMTC services: smaller pool size, supports low power consumption LPC replies to UE via MsgB with the following information: - Initial pool size M_pool - Physical layer configuration parameters: including physical layer parameters (frequency point, bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, etc.) for each frequency band and the logical index range occupied by each frequency band (allocated in frequency order, with the index range proportional to the frequency band bandwidth). - If multiple service flows are supported, the resource granularity Gi for each service flow is also included. - Contention resolution identifier (Temp_ID of the winning UE) MsgB is sent on the downlink resource corresponding to the UE, which is derived from the uplink access resource by the pairing function.

[0047] 6. UE confirms access and enters connected state: The UE listens on the expected downlink resources. After successfully decoding the MsgB containing its own Temp_ID, the UE determines that the access is successful. The UE stores the physical layer configuration parameters, establishes a dedicated dynamic resource pool, and enters connected state.

[0048] 3.4.2.2 Connection-State Communication Process 7. UE triggers scheduling request: When a UE needs to send uplink data, it sends a scheduling request (SR) via PUCCH. The SR can carry simple information such as service priority.

[0049] 8. LPC allocates logical resource indexes: The PAN forwards the SR to the LPC. The LPC selects an idle logical index R_pool based on the current occupancy status of the UE's dedicated resource pool. The selection strategy may consider prioritizing indices that are similar to the UE's historically used indices, prioritizing indices with better corresponding channel quality physical resources, or prioritizing index ranges with low collision probability for high-priority services.

[0050] 9. gNB issues DCI: The LPC encapsulates the allocated R_pool into a DCI and issues it to the UE via PAN. The DCI can reuse existing resource allocation fields, or add new fields to carry logical indexes, and can also carry scheduling information such as modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

[0051] 10. UE completes logical-to-physical mapping: The UE converts the received R_pool into specific physical resource locations based on pre-configured physical layer parameters. - If the resource pool is a single frequency band, then R_pool is directly mapped to the PRB index within that frequency band. - If the resource pool is multi-band, the UE determines its frequency band based on the size of R_pool (based on the previously issued frequency band-index range mapping). - Calculate the specific PRB range occupied based on the resource granularity G of the current business flow: initial PRB = R_pool × G, occupying G consecutive PRBs. 11. UE transmits data on physical resources: The UE performs uplink transmission on the converted physical resources.

[0052] 3.4.2.3 Mobility processing 12. Measurement Reporting and Mapping Table Update: The PAN continuously measures the uplink pilot signal strength of the UE and reports it to the LPC. The LPC integrates the measurement information from multiple PANs to determine the UE's direction of movement and speed.

[0053] 13. Smooth Mapping Table Migration: When LPC determines that the UE will enter a new PAN coverage area, it performs a mapping table update: - Pre-addition: LPC adds the physical resources of the new PAN to the mapping table in advance in a "ready" state. - Gradual Migration: LPC migrates the index mapping targets in the UE-specific pool from the original PAN to the new PAN in batches. The migration can be done in units of index segments (e.g., 10 indexes per batch) over multiple scheduling cycles. During the migration process, LPC prioritizes allocating indexes that have already been migrated to the new PAN.

[0054] - Resource Release: When the UE completely leaves the original PAN coverage area, the LPC releases the physical resources occupied by the original PAN. Throughout the process, the R_pool received by the UE through DCI remains unchanged, but the actual physical resources used have been smoothly migrated without the UE's awareness.

[0055] 3.4.2.4 Dynamic Adjustment of Resource Pool 14. Pool Size Adjustment: LPC dynamically adjusts the size M_pool of the UE-specific resource pool based on factors such as UE service requirements, channel quality, or mobility speed. For example, when a UE switches from eMBB to URLLC services, the pool size can be reduced to decrease the probability of collisions; when a UE moves at high speed, the pool size can be increased to tolerate more frequent mapping updates. Adjustment information is communicated to the UE via RRC reconfiguration messages or MAC CE, and the UE updates its locally stored pool parameters.

[0056] 3.5 Mode B: NTN UE Dedicated Resource Pool Solution in DSF Zero Signalling Mode This section details how the UE achieves seamless mobile communication through a dedicated dynamic resource pool in DSF zero signaling mode.

[0057] 3.5.1 Full Process Timing Diagram See appendix Figure 4 .

[0058] 3.5.2 Detailed Steps 3.5.2.1 Initial Access and Establishment of Dedicated Resource Pool Steps 1-6 are basically the same as in Mode A, but in addition to M_pool and physical layer parameters, MsgB also contains the DSF triple (K_sec, Init_Anchor, Rule_ID). After receiving MsgB, the UE not only establishes a dedicated resource pool, but also initializes the Protocol Security State Machine (PSSM) and begins logical synchronization with LPC.

[0059] 3.5.2.2 Connection-oriented communication process 7. Arrival of Logical Decision Time: According to the logical tick defined by Rule_ID (e.g., every 0.125ms), UE and LPC arrive at the logical decision time T_logic simultaneously.

[0060] 8. UE-side processing: - The UE reads the local physical clock to obtain the unified anchor time T_anchor.

[0061] - The UE calculates the resource index in the pool based on the current logical state S(t): R_pool = F(K_sec, S(t),Context) mod M_pool, where Context may contain the service flow identifier LCID.

[0062] - The UE determines the downlink listening resource R_d based on R_pool and pre-configured physical layer parameters.

[0063] - UE calculates downlink listening time: T_DL = T_anchor + Δ_dl.

[0064] 9. LPC-side processing: - LPC computes the same R_pool based on the same DSF state at the same T_logic time.

[0065] - LPC query the mapping table to obtain the physical resource descriptor (PAN_ID, beam ID, PRB range) corresponding to R_pool.

[0066] - LPC queries the global resource calendar to check if the physical resource is available at time T_UL.

[0067] 10. Resources Available and No Conflicts: If resources are available and there are no other UE conflicts, the LPC instructs the PAN to send a grant signal on resource R_d at time T_DL. After the UE receives the grant at time T_DL, it calculates the uplink transmission time T_UL = T_anchor + Δ_ul, and transmits data on resource R_u at time T_UL.

[0068] 11. Resource Conflict Handling: If multiple UEs' R_pools are mapped to the same physical resource, LPC performs a two-step deterministic arbitration: - Order 1 (arbitration first, inspection later): - Step 1: Conflict Arbitration. A winner is selected from the set of conflicting UEs according to preset rules (such as priority, polling, etc.).

[0069] - Step 2: Resource Availability Check. Query the resource calendar to confirm whether the winner's intended resource is available at time T_UL. If available, the resource is granted; otherwise, arbitration fails.

[0070] - Sequence Two (Check First, Arbitrate Later): - Step 1: Resource availability pre-check. Temporarily reserve the intended resources for all conflicting UEs.

[0071] - Step 2: Conflict Arbitration. Select the winner from the UEs that successfully made temporary reservations, convert its temporary reservation to a formal occupancy, and release the temporary reservations of the other UEs.

[0072] After successful arbitration, LPC instructs PAN to send an authorization signal to the winning UE's R_d at time T_DL. Other UEs do not receive authorization and wait for the next logical decision time to retry.

[0073] 3.5.2.3 Mobility Processing 12. Measurement Reporting: The PAN measures the uplink pilot signal of the UE and reports the measurement results to the LPC.

[0074] 13. Mapping Table Update: LPC determines the UE's movement trend based on measurement results and dynamically updates the mapping table. The update mechanism is the same as in Mode A, supporting both overall satellite migration and partial beam migration granularity. During the update process, LPC can gradually adjust the mapping relationship of index segments to ensure that the UE always has available resources during movement.

[0075] 3.5.2.4 Dynamic Adjustment of Resource Pool 14. Pool Size Adjustment: LPC dynamically adjusts the M_pool based on UE service requirements, channel quality, etc., and notifies the UE through downlink implicit grant (or by carrying adjustment information in a security pilot frame). The UE updates its local M_pool, and uses the new pool size for subsequent calculations.

[0076] 3.6 Mobility processing and mapping table updates (common aspects) This section details the shared mobility processing mechanism in both modes, including both overall satellite migration and partial beam migration at different granularities.

[0077] 3.6.1 Two Granularities of Resource Updates Satellite migration: When a UE moves from the coverage area of ​​one LEO satellite to the coverage area of ​​another LEO satellite, LPC migrates the mapping targets of some or all resource indexes in the UE's dedicated pool from the original satellite to the target satellite. At this time, the size of the UE's dedicated pool M_pool may remain unchanged, but the physical resources corresponding to the indexes in the pool are switched from the beam of the original satellite to the beam of the target satellite.

[0078] Local beam migration: Within the same LEO satellite, a UE may move from one beam to another. In this case, LPC will migrate the mapping target of the affected portion of the resource index in the UE's dedicated pool from the original beam to the target beam. This migration can be completed within the satellite without cross-satellite coordination.

[0079] Hybrid granularity: In actual deployments, updates at two granularities can occur simultaneously. For example, the UE may cross both satellite boundaries and beam boundaries within the target satellite.

[0080] 3.6.2 Triggering Mechanism and Update Process Based on the measurement information reported by each PAN, LPC determines the UE's movement trend and triggers a mapping table update. Measurement information may include: - The strength of the uplink pilot signal received by each PAN from the UE (RSRP, RSRQ) - UE angle of arrival (AoA) estimated by each PAN - UE timing advance (TA) calculated by each PAN - GNSS location information reported by the UE (if the UE has positioning capabilities) The update process is as follows: 1. Pre-addition of new area resources: When LPC detects that a UE is approaching the coverage area of ​​a new PAN (or new beam), it pre-adds the physical resources of that PAN (or beam) to the mapping table of the UE-specific pool in a "ready" state. At this time, the pool indexes corresponding to these resources are not activated, but they have been reserved.

[0081] 2. Gradual Migration: As the UE continues to move, LPC gradually migrates the mapping targets of a portion of the resource indexes in the UE-dedicated pool from the original PAN (beam) to the new PAN (beam). Migration can be performed in units of index segments, and the size of each index segment can be configured as needed (e.g., 10 indexes per migration unit). During the migration process, the UE experience differs between the two modes: - Mode A: LPC prioritizes allocating indexes that have been migrated to the new PAN during scheduling, allowing UEs to gradually use the new resources.

[0082] - Mode B: If the R_pool calculated independently by the UE falls within a migrated index segment, the physical resources of the new PAN will be used automatically; if it falls within a non-migrated index segment, the original PAN resources will still be used.

[0083] 3. Gradually remove resources from remote areas: When the UE completely leaves the coverage area of ​​the original PAN (beam), the LPC will completely remove the corresponding resource index segment from the UE-specific pool, and the released physical resources can be used by other UEs.

[0084] 4. Smooth Transition: The entire migration process employs a "add first, subtract later" strategy to ensure that the UE has sufficient available resources at all times. The migration step size and speed can be dynamically adjusted according to the UE's movement speed and service requirements.

[0085] 3.7 Solution to Location Update and Paging Problems 3.7.1 Solution to the location update problem In the traditional 3GPP NTN architecture (TR 38.821), regardless of whether it is transparent mode or regenerative mode, the UE's serving gNB changes with satellite movement or power supply link switching, which in turn causes frequent changes in the Tracking Area (TA). The UE must perform a large number of Tracking Area Update (TAU) signaling, which not only consumes valuable satellite-to-ground link resources, but also leads to a sharp increase in UE power consumption.

[0086] In this invention, since the LPC is fixedly deployed at the ground station and serves as the UE's sole logical anchor point, the UE always belongs to the same LPC regardless of satellite movement or power supply link switching. The mapping table maintained by the LPC dynamically tracks the satellites currently actually connected to the UE, but the UE's logical location never changes. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform any location update signaling. This brings the following significant advantages: - Signaling overhead reduced to zero: Completely eliminate all air interface signaling related to TAU. - Significantly reduced UE power consumption: No need for periodic wake-ups to perform location updates, extending battery life of IoT devices by several times. - Network simplification: No need to plan complex tracking area boundaries and update strategies - Reduced core network load: AMF no longer needs to handle massive TAU requests 3.7.2 Solving the paging problem In traditional NTN scenarios, the fundamental dilemma of paging is that the core network does not know which satellite the UE is currently covered by, and has to broadcast paging messages on multiple potentially covered satellites, resulting in low paging efficiency and serious waste of resources.

[0087] In this invention, the LPC acts as the UE's sole logical anchor point, always knowing which satellite the UE is currently using to access the network. The mapping table maintained by the LPC accurately records the PAN identifier currently served by each UE. When the network needs to page a UE, it only needs to send a paging request to the LPC. The LPC can accurately locate the satellite and beam currently served by the UE through the mapping table and send the paging message only on the corresponding beam of that satellite. This mechanism offers the following advantages: - 100% paging efficiency: Each paging occurs only on the actual satellite and beam where the UE is located, without the need for broadcasting. - Significantly increased paging capacity: Satellite downlink resources are no longer wasted on broadcast paging, allowing more users to be served. - Reduced paging latency: No need for multiple attempts, paging succeeds on the first try. - Simplified core network: No need to maintain complex UE location tracking status.

[0088] 3.8 Power supply link interruption handling When a LEO satellite temporarily leaves the ground station's coverage area due to orbital motion, the feeder link may be interrupted. To ensure service continuity, the following mechanism is adopted: - Local Cache: LEO satellites locally cache a subset of currently visible UE mappings, including key information such as UE-specific pool configurations, mapping relationships, and DSF status (mode B).

[0089] - Autonomous Service: During the outage, the satellite continues to provide services to the UE using cached information: - Mode A: Satellite local response SR, allocates R_pool according to cache mapping table, and sends DCI.

[0090] - Mode B: Satellite performs two-step arbitration locally, consistent with UE independent calculation.

[0091] - Synchronization recovery: When the power supply link is restored, the satellite performs incremental synchronization with LPC, reporting the mapping changes and arbitration results that occurred during the interruption to LPC, and LPC updates the global resource calendar.

[0092] - Conflict handling: If multiple UE conflicts occur during the outage and the satellite local arbitration result may be inconsistent with the LPC global view, the satellite local arbitration shall prevail, and LPC shall make compensation adjustments after synchronization.

[0093] 3.9 GEO-LEO Two-Level LPC Mode (Optional) To further improve the management efficiency of large-scale low-Earth orbit satellite constellations while reducing the real-time signaling pressure on the feeder links, this invention proposes a two-level GEO-LEO LPC architecture. This architecture utilizes the wide coverage and relatively stationary characteristics of geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites to undertake global resource planning and long-term scheduling tasks, while LEO satellites focus on real-time arbitration and local mapping execution.

[0094] Two-level functional division: - GEO satellites (global LPC): - Collect UE movement trajectory information (satellite ephemeris, high-speed rail timetable, pre-programmed flight path, etc.) within the entire constellation coverage area. Based on the above information and in conjunction with DSF rules, the resource requirements of each UE over a future period are pre-calculated, generating an "access script". The access script contains the following: - The LEO satellite coverage area that the UE is expected to be in at different time periods - The size of the dedicated resource pool and physical layer parameters (frequency, bandwidth, resource granularity, etc.) for each time period. - Pre-mapping relationship between resource indexes in the pool and physical resources within each time period - Index range of coverage for each frequency band in multi-band scenarios - Access scripts will be distributed in batches to LEO satellites along the route via laser inter-satellite links (ISL). - When the UE needs to move across LEO satellite groups, coordinate context migrations between adjacent LEOs to ensure the continuity of resource mapping. - LEO satellite (local LPC + PAN): - Receive and store access scripts from GEO, and cache a subset of the mappings of the currently serving UE. - In real-time communication, operations such as two-step arbitration and downlink implicit authorization are performed for UEs within the coverage area according to the script. - For UEs pre-configured in the script, resource scheduling can be completed without real-time interaction with GEO. - When the UE moves to the edge of the coverage area of ​​this LEO satellite, it actively exchanges UE context (such as the current DSF logical state, remaining resource index, etc.) with neighboring LEO satellites via ISL to achieve seamless migration. - If the power supply link is interrupted, the UE will continue to be served using the locally cached scripts, and will be synchronized with GEO after the link is restored.

[0095] 3.10 UE Multi-mode Operating Mode (Optional) The UE is designed as a multi-mode terminal and supports the following operating modes: - Terrestrial network mode: Under the coverage of terrestrial 5G network, the traditional 5G scheduling mechanism is used to access terrestrial base stations.

[0096] - Satellite Network Mode: When satellite network access is detected, the system automatically switches to the dedicated resource pool mode proposed in this invention. In satellite network mode, the UE can support either Mode A (5G compatible) or Mode B (DSF zero signaling), depending on the network configuration.

[0097] In both modes, the UE's IP address and session context remain unchanged, enabling a seamless experience. Mode switching is triggered by the UE based on system information broadcast by the network or RRC signaling.

[0098] IV. Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Handover completely disappears: The UE does not need to execute any handover signaling. Mobility is smoothly transferred by LPC through the mapping table, communication is interrupted, and handover latency is reduced from the traditional 810-1080ms to 0ms.

[0099] 2. Elimination of signaling storm risk: When a large number of UEs move synchronously, no handover signaling is required, fundamentally avoiding signaling storms.

[0100] 3. Seamless UE movement: The UE is completely unaware of changes in the satellite network topology, greatly improving the user experience.

[0101] 4. Location update completely eliminated: The UE does not need to execute any location update signaling, fundamentally solving the NTN location update problem analyzed in 3GPP TR38.821. The air interface signaling overhead related to TAU is reduced to zero, the UE power consumption is significantly reduced, and the battery life of IoT devices can be extended several times.

[0102] 5. Revolutionary improvement in paging efficiency: Paging is accurately forwarded by LPC to the satellite currently served by the UE according to the mapping table, avoiding the resource waste of broadcast paging. Paging efficiency reaches 100%, paging capacity is greatly improved, and paging latency is significantly reduced.

[0103] 6. The essential difference from the existing 3GPP NTN architecture: This invention completely solves the passive handover problem caused by power supply link switching in transparent forwarding mode and the active handover problem caused by satellite movement in regeneration mode through the LPC+PAN separation architecture, and realizes the permanent fixation of the UE service logical anchor point.

[0104] 7. The absurdity of UE being forced to switch while fixed in transparent mode is completely solved: This invention introduces LPC as a logical anchor point, so that UE will never be forced to switch due to satellite movement or power supply link switching, fundamentally eliminating the absurdity of UE having to perform multiple switches while fixed in traditional transparent mode.

[0105] 8. Two modes are available: compatible with existing 5G scheduling mechanisms (Mode A), while providing a path for a smooth evolution to DSF zero-signaling mode (Mode B). NTN terminals can be designed to operate in multiple modes, using the traditional mode on the ground and the new mode on satellite.

[0106] 9. Multi-band zero-signaling handover: The UE selects the frequency band autonomously based on the random resource index and service flow granularity, without any frequency band handover signaling.

[0107] 10. Service flow granularity adaptation: Fine-grained QoS guarantee is achieved by configuring independent resource granularity for each service flow.

[0108] 11. Power supply interruption tolerance: The local caching mechanism ensures service continuity during power supply link interruptions.

[0109] 12. Scalability: The GEO-LEO two-level LPC mode supports ultra-large-scale constellations, decoupling global planning from local execution.

[0110] 13. High efficiency in resource utilization: The dedicated pools of multiple UEs are allowed to overlap in terms of physical resources. Conflicts are resolved in an orderly manner through two-step arbitration, avoiding the waste of reserving a large amount of idle resources in traditional scheduling to completely avoid conflicts.

[0111] 14. Natural NTN Adaptability: This invention fully utilizes the natural characteristics of NTN, such as the updatable nature of NTN terminals, the mobility of satellites, and the need for continuous coverage, providing a smooth evolution path for NTN standardization. V. Description of the attached drawings Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the ground-based LPC+LEO PAN architecture in the NTN scenario of this invention.

[0112] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the mapping relationship between UE-specific resource pool and physical resources.

[0113] Figure 3 : Full process timing diagram of Mode A (traditional 5G signaling mode).

[0114] Figure 4 : Full timing diagram of Mode B (DSF zero signaling mode).

[0115] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of mapping table update during migration (including cross-satellite and cross-beam migration).

[0116] Figure 6 Flowchart for handling power supply link interruption.

[0117] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of GEO-LEO two-level LPC mode.

[0118] Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of UE multi-mode operation.

[0119] Figure 9 Location update elimination diagram - UE does not need to execute TAU signaling.

[0120] Figure 10 : Paging Precision Forwarding Diagram - LPC Directly Locates the UE's Current Serving Satellite.

[0121] Figure 11 A diagram illustrating the absurdity of a fixed UE being forced to switch in transparent mode. VI. Detailed Implementation Methods Example 1: Basic Process of Mode A For a detailed description of the process in this embodiment, please refer to Section 3.4 of this specification. Figure 3 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0122] Example 2: Basic Process of Mode B For a detailed description of the process in this embodiment, please refer to Section 3.5 of this specification. Figure 4 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0123] Example 3: Multi-band pool operation process (two modes are used together) For details of the specific process of this embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in Sections 3.2.4 and 3.4.2.2 of this specification, which will not be repeated here.

[0124] Example 4: Mobility Processing (Inter-satellite Migration) For details of the specific process of this embodiment, please refer to the description in Section 3.6 of this specification. Figure 5 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0125] Example 5: Power Supply Interruption Handling For details of the specific process of this embodiment, please refer to the description in Section 3.8 of this specification. Figure 6 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0126] Example 6: GEO-LEO Two-Level LPC Mode For the detailed architecture and process of this embodiment, please refer to the description in Section 3.9 of this specification. Figure 7 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0127] Example 7: UE Multi-mode Operation For a detailed description of the mode switching process in this embodiment, please refer to Section 3.10 of this specification. Figure 8 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0128] Example 8: Location Update Elimination For a detailed scenario analysis of this embodiment, please refer to the description in Section 3.7.1 of this specification. Figure 9 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0129] Example 9: Precise Paging Forwarding For a detailed description of the process in this embodiment, please refer to Section 3.7.2 of this specification. Figure 10 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0130] Example 10: A Comparison of the Absurdity of a Fixed UE Forced to Switch in Transparent Mode For a detailed comparative analysis of this embodiment, please refer to the background section of this specification. Figure 11 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0131] The above specification covers the complete technical solution of this invention in the NTN scenario, including the core architecture, detailed processes of two resource acquisition modes, common mobility processing, location update and paging solutions, power supply interruption processing, GEO-LEO two-level LPC mode, and UE multi-mode operation. Each embodiment further verifies the feasibility of the solution.

Claims

1. A UE-specific dynamic resource pool communication method for non-terrestrial networks, characterized in that, include: The logic processing center is deployed at a ground station, while the physical access nodes are deployed on low-Earth orbit satellites. The logical processing center establishes a dedicated dynamic resource pool for each user device, and the dedicated dynamic resource pool provides a logically independent resource index space for the user device. The logic processing center maintains the mapping relationship and maps the pool resource index of each user device to a specific physical resource in real time. The physical resource is located on the low-orbit satellite. The user equipment obtains the resource index within the pool; The user equipment determines the corresponding downlink listening resources and uplink transmission resources based on the resource index in the pool and the pre-configured physical layer parameters; The user equipment listens on a determined downlink listening resource, and if a valid downlink signal is received, it communicates on a determined uplink transmission resource.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The logical processing center serves as the sole logical anchor point for the user equipment. Regardless of how the low-orbit satellite moves or how the power supply link switches, the service logical anchor point of the user equipment remains unchanged, and no switching signaling is required.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The logical processing center, serving as the sole logical anchor point for the user equipment, solves the absurdity of the traditional transparent forwarding mode where the user equipment is fixed but forced to perform multiple handovers due to power supply link switching and changes in satellite coverage.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mapping relationship supports at least one of the following update granularities: - Overall migration of satellites across low Earth orbit; - Local migration across beams within the same satellite.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dedicated dynamic resource pool corresponds to multiple frequency bands, which are arranged in a preset order and each is configured with a corresponding bandwidth. The user equipment autonomously determines the frequency band to be used at the current logical moment based on the size of the resource index in the pool, realizing an implicit mapping between the logical index and physical resources without the need for frequency band switching signaling.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The user equipment has one or more service flows, and each service flow is configured with an independent resource granularity, that is, the number of physical resource blocks corresponding to each logical index. The user equipment determines the location of the physical resources it occupies based on the resource granularity of the current service flow and the resource index within the pool.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The user equipment obtains the resource index within the pool in at least one of the following ways: (Method A) Receive the logical resource index sent by the base station through downlink control signaling; (Method B) The logical processing center and the logical processing center independently calculate the same pool resource index at a determined logical moment based on the rules agreed upon by both parties.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In Method A, the downlink control signaling is downlink control information (DCI), and the user equipment receives the DCI by listening to the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In Method A, the user equipment triggers resource allocation through a scheduling request, and the base station requests the allocation of logical resource indexes from the logical processing center according to the scheduling request.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In Method B, the rules agreed upon by both parties are a protocol security state machine based on Dynamic Security Foundation (DSF). The protocol security state machine is defined by a security key, initial anchor point and rule identifier shared by both parties, and evolves independently on the logical time axis, outputting a time-varying logical state.

11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In Method B, the user equipment and the logic processing center independently calculate the same pool resource index at the logic decision time, and the logic decision time is determined by the logic beat defined by the rule identifier.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, In Method B, the user equipment reads the local physical clock at the logical decision time to obtain the unified anchor time T_anchor, and calculates the downlink listening time T_DL = T_anchor + Δ_dl and the uplink transmission time T_UL = T_anchor + Δ_ul based on the fixed offsets Δ_dl and Δ_ul.

13. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In Method B, the valid downlink signal is an implicit authorization signal, and the user equipment determines that it has obtained authorization after receiving the implicit authorization signal on the downlink monitoring resource.

14. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Method B further includes: When multiple user devices conflict on the same physical resource, the logic processing center performs a two-step deterministic arbitration. The logic processing center sends a valid downlink signal as implicit authorization on the downlink resources corresponding to the winning user equipment.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The two-step deterministic arbitration shall be conducted in one of the following orders: - Arbitrate the conflict first, then check the resources; - Check resources first, then arbitrate conflicts.

16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the user equipment moves, the logic processing center dynamically updates the mapping relationship according to the location of the user equipment, gradually adding physical resources of the new coverage area to the dedicated dynamic resource pool and gradually removing physical resources of the far-away area. The user equipment does not need to execute handover signaling, and communication is not interrupted.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The update of the mapping relationship adopts a smooth migration strategy of "addition first, subtraction later", including: - New regional resources pre-added; - Gradually migrate index segments; - Relocation of resources from remote areas.

18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The logical processing center serves as the sole logical anchor point for the user equipment, eliminating the need for the user equipment to execute location update signaling.

19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The logical processing center receives a paging request, determines the physical access node currently served by the user equipment according to the mapping relationship, and sends a paging message only on that physical access node.

20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During a power supply link interruption, the low-orbit satellite uses a locally cached subset of mappings to provide services to the user equipment, and updates the mappings synchronously with the logic processing center once the link is restored.

21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second-level logic processing center deployed on GEO satellites; The GEO satellite pre-generates an access script based on the user equipment's predetermined movement trajectory. The access script contains the resource mapping relationships required by the user equipment at different times during its future journey. The GEO satellite will send the access script to the logic processing center or the low-Earth orbit satellite; The logic processing center or the low-orbit satellite performs resource arbitration and mapping according to the access script.

22. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The user equipment is a multi-mode terminal that uses a traditional scheduling mechanism under terrestrial network coverage and switches to the dedicated dynamic resource pool communication method when accessing a satellite network.

23. A UE-dedicated dynamic resource pool communication system for non-terrestrial networks, characterized in that, include: At least one logical processing center, deployed at a ground station, is used to perform the steps executed by the logical processing center in the method of any one of claims 1 to 22; Multiple physical access nodes, deployed on low-Earth orbit satellites, are used to perform the steps executed by the physical access nodes in the method of any one of claims 1 to 22; At least one user equipment is used to perform the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 22 that are performed by the user equipment.

24. The system according to claim 23, characterized in that, It also includes a second-level logic processing center deployed on a GEO satellite, used to generate access scripts and distribute them to the logic processing center or the low-Earth orbit satellite.

25. A logic processing center, characterized in that, Used to implement the steps performed by the logic processing center in the method of any one of claims 1 to 22, or used in the system of claim 23 or 24.

26. A low-orbit satellite, characterized in that, As a physical access node, it is used to implement the steps performed by the physical access node in the method of any one of claims 1 to 22, or in the system of claim 23 or 24.

27. A user equipment, characterized in that, Used to implement the steps performed by the user equipment in the method of any one of claims 1 to 22, or used in the system of claim 23 or 24.

Images