A phased array antenna beam alignment structure and method for terahertz networking
The dual-end cooperative alignment method, which uses electrical signal control and pseudocode sequence autocorrelation evaluation, solves the problem of speed and accuracy of beam alignment in terahertz network communication, improves the efficiency and accuracy of antenna alignment, and enhances communication quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING INST OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
In terahertz network communication, existing technologies struggle to achieve fast and accurate beam alignment, leading to a decline in communication quality. This is especially true due to alignment errors caused by the separation of transmitting and receiving antennas and different sources of control signals, as well as the low precision and slow adjustment of mechanical control methods.
A transceiver terahertz phased array antenna is connected to the signal processing chassis. The beam pointing is controlled by electrical signals, and combined with pseudocode sequence autocorrelation evaluation and feedback adjustment, dual-end collaborative alignment is achieved, improving beam alignment accuracy and efficiency.
It enables rapid and precise adjustment of antenna beam alignment, reduces the number of scanning positions, improves alignment speed and accuracy, and enhances communication quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN122160786A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-frequency wireless communication technology, and particularly relates to a phased array antenna beam alignment structure and method for terahertz networking. Background Technology
[0002] In terahertz network communication systems, due to increasingly stringent requirements for data transmission rates, anti-interference capabilities, and anti-interception performance, terahertz technology, with its narrow beamwidth, low detectability, strong anti-interference capabilities, and large communication capacity, is increasingly being applied to node-based ad hoc network communication scenarios. However, terahertz beams are significantly affected by high path loss and atmospheric molecular absorption loss during transmission, typically requiring high-gain, highly directional antennas to compensate for transmission losses between transmitting and receiving nodes. Phased array antenna beamforming technology can concentrate transmitted energy in a specific direction, theoretically achieving enhanced transmission power in one direction and power approaching zero in other directions, which helps extend communication distance and support time slot multiplexing. However, due to the extremely narrow terahertz beamwidth, beam alignment between two communication nodes is challenging in practical applications, and accurate beam alignment often becomes a key factor affecting the quality of network communication.
[0003] In existing terahertz network communication systems, common solutions for beam alignment include: in terms of hardware structure, setting up a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna connected to the signal processing chassis respectively; in terms of alignment control, using a separate control chip to control antenna alignment, or using mechanical methods to adjust the antenna pointing; and in terms of alignment algorithms, often employing an exhaustive scan search method, traversing preset directions to find the optimal alignment angle. However, these solutions have several shortcomings in practical applications. In the structure where the transmitting and receiving antennas are connected to the chassis separately, the different positions of the two antennas require separate adjustments, and physical errors between them may lead to inconsistent transmission and reception directions, affecting the alignment effect. Using a separate control chip for antenna alignment, where the control signal and communication signal have different sources, makes it difficult to accurately coordinate with the switching of transmission and reception states for direction adjustment. Mechanical control methods have low alignment accuracy and slow adjustment speed, making it difficult to meet the requirements of rapid alignment. The exhaustive scan search method cannot balance scanning accuracy and alignment speed; if the scanning step is small, the search cycle is long, affecting alignment efficiency; at the same time, this method fails to fully utilize the characteristic that both antennas can transmit and receive, further limiting the improvement of scanning speed.
[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, there is an urgent need to propose a phased array antenna beam alignment structure and method for terahertz networking. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a phased array antenna beam alignment structure and method for terahertz networking. It employs a transmit-receive terahertz phased array antenna connected to a signal processing chassis. Beam scanning is performed using electrical signals to control the beam direction of the terahertz phased array antenna. At the feedback end, autocorrelation is performed on the pseudo-code sequence in the transmitted information to evaluate the beam alignment degree. Combined with the beam direction information feedback, the beam direction at the scanning end is controlled to change, thus completing beam alignment and improving the accuracy and efficiency of antenna beam alignment in terahertz network communication.
[0006] This invention provides a phased array antenna beam alignment structure for terahertz networking, comprising: Terahertz phased array antennas are used to control the beam direction via electrical signals to transmit and receive signals. The signal processing chassis is connected to the terahertz phased array antenna and is used to generate transmitted signals, process received signals, and output electronic control signals to control the beam direction. A point frequency source is installed inside the signal processing chassis to generate a local oscillator signal and provide it to the terahertz phased array antenna; A circulator, located inside the signal processing chassis, is connected to the terahertz phased array antenna, the analog-to-digital converter, and the digital-to-analog converter in the signal processing chassis, respectively, to realize the split transmission of the transmit and receive signals; The field-programmable gate array development board, located inside the signal processing chassis, includes an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, and a control electrical signal output interface, used to process received signals, generate transmitted signals, and output beam pointing control signals.
[0007] Optionally, the terahertz phased array antenna includes a data port, a local oscillator input port, and a control signal input port, used to receive local oscillator signals and control signals, and adjust the phase of each antenna element according to the control signals to achieve electronically controlled adjustment of the beam pointing.
[0008] Optionally, the circulator includes a first port, a second port, and a third port; wherein the first port is connected to the digital-to-analog converter of the field-programmable gate array development board, the second port is connected to the data port of the terahertz phased array antenna, and the third port is connected to the analog-to-digital converter of the field-programmable gate array development board, for realizing the transmission of the transmitted signal from the digital-to-analog converter to the antenna, and the transmission of the received signal from the antenna to the analog-to-digital converter.
[0009] Optionally, the processing chip in the field-programmable gate array development board is used to perform correlation operations on pseudocode sequences, power evaluation of received signals, and dual-end cooperative alignment control based on feedback adjustment.
[0010] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a phased array antenna beam alignment method for terahertz networking, based on the aforementioned structure, comprising the following steps: The scanning end transmits signals containing pseudocode sequences and beam pointing position information in different directions through a terahertz phased array antenna. The feedback end receives the signal, performs correlation operation on the pseudocode sequence in the received signal and the local pseudocode sequence to obtain the correlation peak height, and records the height and its corresponding beam pointing position. Based on the changing trend of the relevant peak height or the boundary conditions of the scanning range, determine the maximum value of the local relevant peak and its corresponding beam position; The feedback end sends the beam position information and control command corresponding to the maximum value of the local correlation peak to the scanning end; The scanning end adjusts the beam direction based on the received information to complete the beam alignment between nodes.
[0011] Optionally, the correlation peak height is used to characterize the received signal power under the current beam direction, and the beam direction corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation peak is the alignment direction.
[0012] Optionally, the conditions for determining the maximum value of the local correlation peak include: the correlation peak height continuously decreases in a number of consecutive received signals, or the current beam pointing has reached the boundary of the preset scanning range.
[0013] Optionally, after beam alignment of one node is completed, control information is sent from that node to another node, instructing it to start beam scanning as a scanning end, thereby achieving beam alignment of the other node.
[0014] Optionally, after receiving control information from the feedback end, the scanning end first determines the alignment position in one coordinate direction, then switches to another coordinate direction for scanning, and finally determines the alignment positions in both directions to complete beam alignment.
[0015] Optionally, the correlation operation of the pseudocode sequence is achieved by sliding the local pseudocode sequence through the received signal and multiplying and summing bit by bit, and the maximum value of the correlation result corresponds to the alignment position of the pseudocode sequence.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention achieves rapid and precise electronic control of the antenna pointing by using an electrical signal from the same source as the transmitting and receiving data to control the beam direction of the terahertz phased array antenna. This avoids alignment errors caused by the separation of the transmitting and receiving antennas or different sources of control signals, thereby improving the speed and accuracy of beam alignment.
[0017] Meanwhile, the present invention adopts a dual-end collaborative alignment method based on feedback adjustment. During the scanning process, the feedback end evaluates the alignment degree in real time based on the correlation peak height of the pseudocode sequence of the received signal, and promptly feeds back to control the scanning end to adjust the beam pointing when the local maximum condition is met. This greatly reduces the number of beam positions that need to be scanned, and significantly improves the alignment efficiency while ensuring alignment accuracy.
[0018] Furthermore, this invention uses pseudocode sequence correlation to evaluate beam alignment. By utilizing the good autocorrelation characteristics of pseudocode sequences, the correlation peak heights of aligned and misaligned beams differ significantly, making the calculation simple and easy to implement. Combining this evaluation method with a dual-end cooperative alignment mechanism enables the rapid identification of the optimal alignment direction during scanning, further improving the accuracy and speed of beam alignment. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the correlation peaks of the pseudocode sequence in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional relationship diagram between the beam scanning position and the relevant peak height of node A in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a two-dimensional relationship diagram between the beam scanning position and the relevant peak height of node A in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional relationship diagram between the beam scanning position and the related peak height of node B in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0021] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.
[0022] Example 1 like Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a phased array antenna beam alignment structure for terahertz networking, including: Terahertz phased array antennas are used to control the beam direction via electrical signals to transmit and receive signals. The signal processing chassis is connected to the terahertz phased array antenna and is used to generate transmitted signals, process received signals, and output electronic control signals to control the beam direction. A point frequency source is installed inside the signal processing chassis to generate a local oscillator signal and provide it to the terahertz phased array antenna; the output frequency of the point frequency source is matched with the operating frequency band of the terahertz phased array antenna to ensure frequency stability and conversion efficiency in the mixing process. A circulator, located inside the signal processing chassis, is connected to the terahertz phased array antenna, the analog-to-digital converter, and the digital-to-analog converter in the signal processing chassis, respectively, to realize the split transmission of the transmit and receive signals; The field-programmable gate array development board, located inside the signal processing chassis, includes an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, and a control electrical signal output interface, used to process received signals, generate transmitted signals, and output beam pointing control signals.
[0023] The phased array antenna is feasible, with externally reserved data ports, local oscillator input ports, and control signal input ports. Through a transmitting chip, the input data and local oscillator can be mixed; then, by changing the phase of each antenna element according to the control signal, the signal can be transmitted in a specific direction. The transmitting chip can receive signals from this specific direction and down-convert the signal based on the input local oscillator, ultimately outputting the received data. The phased array antenna achieves electrical signal control adjustment of the transmit and receive beam pointing without physically changing the antenna orientation, resulting in higher alignment accuracy and faster speed.
[0024] Implementable, the point frequency source can generate a sinusoidal signal of a certain frequency and power. This sinusoidal signal will serve as the local oscillator signal input to the phased array antenna, and will be used for up-conversion and down-conversion within the phased array antenna. Up-conversion refers to the process of converting an input signal of a certain frequency to a higher frequency; this process requires a signal with a higher frequency than the input signal, which is the local oscillator signal. Down-conversion refers to the process of converting an input signal of a certain frequency to a lower frequency.
[0025] Implementably, the circulator has three ports: a first port, a second port, and a third port. Input signals can be transmitted from the first port to the second port, or from the second port to the third port, but not in the reverse direction. The second port of the circulator is connected to the data port of the phased array antenna. Data output from the FPGA development board can be transmitted to the phased array antenna via the first port, and signals received by the phased array antenna can also be input to the FPGA development board via the third port, achieving input / output data splitting and enabling the use of a single antenna for signal transmission and reception.
[0026] The FPGA development board, as feasible, includes a processing chip, an ADC, a DAC, and a control signal output interface. The processing chip processes the input data acquisition information and determines the output data based on the obtained information. The pseudocode sequence correlation power evaluation and feedback-based dual-end cooperative alignment in the alignment method are both implemented by this processing chip. The ADC is connected to the third port of the circulator to receive the signal output from the phased array antenna; the DAC is connected to the first port of the circulator to output the transmitted signal to the phased array antenna; the control signal output interface is connected to the phased array antenna through a signal processing chassis, outputting control information to control the beam pointing of the phased array antenna. The receive, transmit, and control signals are all provided by the same FPGA development board. The co-source nature of the two signals allows for close coordination between beam alignment and signal transmission, improving alignment accuracy.
[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a phased array antenna beam alignment method for terahertz networking, which is based on a phased array antenna beam alignment structure for terahertz networking, and includes the following steps: The scanning end transmits signals containing pseudocode sequences and beam pointing position information in different directions through a terahertz phased array antenna. The feedback end receives the signal, performs correlation operation on the pseudocode sequence in the received signal and the local pseudocode sequence to obtain the correlation peak height, and records the height and its corresponding beam pointing position. Based on the changing trend of the relevant peak height or the boundary conditions of the scanning range, determine the maximum value of the local relevant peak and its corresponding beam position; The feedback end sends the beam position information and control command corresponding to the maximum value of the local correlation peak to the scanning end; The scanning end adjusts the beam direction based on the received information to complete the beam alignment between nodes.
[0028] As a feasible implementation method, the specific steps include: Step 1: The phased array antenna at the scanning end sends signals with specific modulation schemes in different directions; 1.1 When nodes A and B initiate beam alignment, an antenna beam alignment process will be initiated for nodes A and B respectively. First, node A will act as the scanning end, and node B will act as the feedback end to begin antenna beam alignment for node A.
[0029] 1.2 Node A signal processing chassis generates a signal with a specific modulation scheme and outputs it to the phased array antenna for transmission. The signal contains an M-bit pseudocode sequence and an N-bit phased array antenna beam pointing position information sequence.
[0030] After the transmission signals are generated in sections 1.3 and 1.2, based on the position information in the transmission signals, the signal processing chassis at node A generates an electronic control signal to set the beam pointing of the phased array antenna and outputs it to the phased array antenna. At the very beginning of the alignment, the signal processing chassis controls the phased array to point to the initial position (X_min, Y_min), and then scans the positions within the preset range from the initial position to the final position (X_max, Y_max) in steps W, following the order of first the X-axis and then the Y-axis.
[0031] Step 2: The feedback phased array antenna receives the signal sent in Step 1 and records the pseudocode sequence correlation peak height and its corresponding beam pointing for beam alignment.
[0032] 2.1 The feedback phased array antenna receives signals sent in different directions by the scanning phased array antenna, down-converts the signals, and transmits the down-converted signals to the signal processing chassis for signal processing, outputting the processed received signals.
[0033] 2.2 The feedback signal processing chassis correlates the local pseudocode sequence with the output signal from the signal processing in step 2.1, taking the maximum value within length P as the correlation peak height. The signal processing chassis records the correlation peak height and its corresponding scanning end beam pointing position. The correlation operation refers to multiplying one signal segment by another at each position and then summing the results. The autocorrelation characteristic of the pseudocode sequence determines that the result of multiplying and summing corresponding bits is maximized only when the two multiplied pseudocode sequences are perfectly aligned; this is called the correlation peak. Using this characteristic, the correlation peak can be used to evaluate the received power and find the beam alignment position.
[0034] 2.3 The feedback end will continuously receive signals transmitted by the phased array antenna of the scanning end in different directions and record the correlation peaks and their corresponding positions obtained in step 2.2. The direction of beam alignment is the location of the maximum received power within the scanning interval, and the magnitude of the received signal power is positively correlated with the amplitude of the received pseudocode sequence. The larger the amplitude of the received pseudocode sequence, the larger the peak value of the correlation peak obtained by correlating it with the local pseudocode sequence. When the feedback end does not receive a pseudocode sequence, the correlation result is much smaller than the correlation peak when a pseudocode sequence is received, which does not affect the evaluation of the received power. The value of the correlation peak pointing downwards at the current beam represents the magnitude of the received signal power pointing downwards at the current beam, and the location corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation peak within the scanning area is the direction of beam alignment.
[0035] Step 3: Based on the relevant peak height and position recorded in Step 2, complete the antenna beam alignment of node A through a feedback-based dual-end collaborative alignment method.
[0036] 3.1 The feedback end will continue to receive scanning signals until the maximum value of the local correlation peak is determined under either of the following conditions: First condition: The heights of the past Q correlation peaks, including the current correlation peak height, continue to decrease. Second condition: The beam pointing to the current correlation peak reaches the edge of the scanning range, i.e., X_max or Y_max.
[0037] 3.2 After obtaining the maximum value of the local correlation peak in step 3.1, the feedback end transmits the beam position data corresponding to the maximum value of the local correlation peak and the reverse adjustment information of the control scanning end to the phased array antenna.
[0038] 3.3 After receiving the control and position information from step 3.2, the scanning end determines the coordinate position of the current scan along the X-axis. Then, it switches to scanning the Y-axis and repeats steps 2.1 to 3.2 to determine the coordinate position of the current scan along the Y-axis. When both coordinate positions are determined, the beam alignment position is also determined, completing the antenna beam alignment of node A. This dual-end collaborative alignment method reduces the number of positions that the phased array beam needs to scan during antenna beam alignment. Compared to the traversal search method, it is faster at the same scanning accuracy and can achieve higher scanning accuracy in the same scanning time.
[0039] Step 4: Based on the alignment of the antenna beam at node A, complete the alignment of the antenna beam at node B.
[0040] 4.1 The beam pointing of the current scanning node A will be fixed at the maximum value position determined in step three, completing the antenna beam alignment of node A. However, for node B, its beam pointing is not yet aligned with the direction of node A. To improve the accuracy of alignment, it is necessary to activate the antenna beam alignment of node B with node B as the scanning end and node A as the feedback end. Therefore, node A will send control information to node B, instructing node B to start scanning.
[0041] 4.2 After receiving the control information sent by node A in 4.1, node B, acting as the scanning end, starts scanning and sends information, as described in steps 1.2 and 1.3. 4.3 After receiving the information sent by Node B in 4.2, Node A, acting as the feedback end, performs the operations described in steps two and three to determine the beam pointing position corresponding to the maximum value of the relevant peak and feeds it back to Node B. Upon receiving this information, Node B adjusts the beam pointing to complete the antenna beam alignment between the two nodes. This improves the accuracy and efficiency of antenna beam alignment in terahertz network communication.
[0042] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a phased array antenna beam alignment method for terahertz network communication, employing, as follows: Figure 2 The structure shown is applied to the scenario of phased array beam alignment between two adjacent nodes in a terahertz node ad hoc network, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the specific implementation steps are as follows: Step 1: The phased array antenna at the scanning end sends signals with specific modulation schemes in different directions; 1.1 When nodes A and B initiate beam alignment, an antenna beam alignment process will be initiated for nodes A and B respectively. First, node A will act as the scanning end, and node B will act as the feedback end to begin antenna beam alignment for node A.
[0043] 1.2 Node A signal processing chassis generates a signal with a specific modulation scheme and outputs it to the phased array antenna for transmission. The signal contains an M-bit pseudocode sequence and an N-bit phased array antenna beam pointing position information sequence.
[0044] After the transmission signal is generated in sections 1.3 and 1.2, based on the position information in the transmission signal, the signal processing chassis at node A generates an electronic control signal to set the beam pointing of the phased array antenna and outputs it to the phased array antenna. At the very beginning of the alignment, the signal processing chassis controls the phased array to point to the initial position (-25, -25), and then scans the position within the preset range from the initial position to the final position (+25, +25) in a step W order, first along the X-axis and then along the Y-axis.
[0045] Step 2: The feedback phased array antenna receives the signal sent in Step 1 and records the pseudocode sequence correlation peak height and its corresponding beam pointing for beam alignment.
[0046] 2.1 The feedback phased array antenna receives signals sent in different directions by the scanning phased array antenna, down-converts the signals, and transmits the down-converted signals to the signal processing chassis for signal processing, outputting the processed received signals.
[0047] 2.2 The feedback signal processing chassis correlates the local pseudocode sequence with the output signal from step 2.1, taking the maximum value within a length of 64 as the correlation peak height. The signal processing chassis records the correlation peak height and its corresponding scanning end beam pointing position. The correlation operation refers to multiplying one signal segment by another at each position and then summing the results. The autocorrelation characteristic of the pseudocode sequence determines that the result of multiplying and summing the corresponding bits is maximized only when the two multiplied pseudocode sequences are perfectly aligned; this is called the correlation peak. Using this characteristic, the correlation peak can be used to evaluate the received power and find the beam alignment position. When the amplitude is 1, the correlation result and correlation peak of the 31-bit pseudocode sequence used in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the correlation result is maximized only when the two sequences are perfectly aligned (at position 31), with a correlation peak height of 31.
[0048] 2.3 The feedback end will continuously receive signals sent by the phased array antenna of the scanning end in different directions and record the correlation peaks and their corresponding positions obtained in step 2.2. The maximum received power within the scanning interval is the beam alignment direction, and the received signal power is positively correlated with the amplitude of the received pseudocode sequence. The larger the amplitude of the received pseudocode sequence, the larger the peak value of the correlation peak obtained by its correlation with the local pseudocode sequence. When the feedback end does not receive the pseudocode sequence, the correlation result is much smaller than the correlation peak when the pseudocode sequence is received, which does not affect the evaluation of the received power. The value of the correlation peak pointing downwards at the current beam represents the magnitude of the received signal power pointing downwards at the current beam, and the position corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation peak within the scanning area is the beam alignment direction. In this embodiment, the height and position of the maximum value of the received signal correlation peak are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the maximum height of the relevant peak is 462300, and its position is (-5, -5).
[0049] Step 3: Based on the relevant peak height and position recorded in Step 2, complete the antenna beam alignment of node A through a feedback-based dual-end collaborative alignment method.
[0050] 3.1 The feedback end will continue to receive scanning signals until the maximum value of the local correlation peak is determined under either of the following conditions: First condition: The heights of the past 5 correlation peaks, including the current correlation peak height, have continuously decreased. Second condition: The beam pointing to the current correlation peak reaches the edge of the scanning range, i.e., X-axis +25 degrees or Y-axis +25 degrees.
[0051] 3.2 After obtaining the maximum value of the local correlation peak in step 3.1, the feedback end transmits the beam position data corresponding to the maximum value of the local correlation peak and the reverse adjustment information of the control scanning end to the phased array antenna.
[0052] 3.3 After receiving the control and position information from step 3.2, the scanning end determines the coordinate position of the current scan along the X-axis. Then it switches to scanning the Y-axis and repeats steps 2.1 to 3.2 to determine the coordinate position of the current scan along the Y-axis. When both coordinate positions are determined, the beam alignment position is also determined, completing the antenna beam alignment of node A. This dual-end collaborative alignment method reduces the number of positions that the phased array beam needs to scan during antenna beam alignment. Compared to the traversal search method, it is faster at the same scanning accuracy and can achieve higher scanning accuracy in the same scanning time. Figure 5 As shown, during the scanning process in step 3.3, the X coordinate of the maximum value of the relevant peak was first determined to be -5 degrees, and then the Y coordinate of the peak was found by scanning along the Y axis with the X coordinate fixed.
[0053] Step 4: Based on the alignment of the antenna beam at node A, complete the alignment of the antenna beam at node B.
[0054] 4.1 The beam pointing of the current scanning node A will be fixed at the maximum value position determined in step three, completing the antenna beam alignment of node A. However, for node B, its beam pointing is not yet aligned with the direction of node A. To improve the accuracy of alignment, it is necessary to activate the antenna beam alignment of node B with node B as the scanning end and node A as the feedback end. Therefore, node A will send control information to node B, instructing node B to start scanning.
[0055] 4.2 After receiving the control information sent by node A in 4.1, node B, acting as the scanning end, starts scanning and sends information, as described in steps 1.2 and 1.3. 4.3 After receiving the information sent by Node B in 4.2, Node A, acting as the feedback end, performs the operations described in steps two and three to find the beam pointing position corresponding to the maximum value of the relevant peak and feeds it back to Node B. For example... Figure 6 The maximum height of the relevant peak at node B and its corresponding beam direction are given. The maximum height of the relevant peak is 453900, and its position is (-15, 20). After receiving this information, node B adjusts its beam direction to complete the antenna beam alignment between the two nodes. This improves the accuracy and efficiency of antenna beam alignment in terahertz network communication.
[0056] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A beam alignment structure for a phased array antenna used in terahertz networking, characterized in that, include: Terahertz phased array antennas are used to control the beam direction via electrical signals to transmit and receive signals. The signal processing chassis is connected to the terahertz phased array antenna and is used to generate transmitted signals, process received signals, and output electronic control signals to control the beam direction. A point frequency source is installed inside the signal processing chassis to generate a local oscillator signal and provide it to the terahertz phased array antenna; A circulator, located inside the signal processing chassis, is connected to the terahertz phased array antenna, the analog-to-digital converter, and the digital-to-analog converter in the signal processing chassis, respectively, to realize the split transmission of the transmit and receive signals; The field-programmable gate array development board, located inside the signal processing chassis, includes an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, and a control electrical signal output interface, used to process received signals, generate transmitted signals, and output beam pointing control signals.
2. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terahertz phased array antenna includes a data port, a local oscillator input port, and a control signal input port, which are used to receive local oscillator signals and control signals, and adjust the phase of each antenna element according to the control signals to achieve electronically controlled adjustment of the beam pointing.
3. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulator includes a first port, a second port, and a third port; wherein, the first port is connected to the digital-to-analog converter of the field-programmable gate array development board, the second port is connected to the data port of the terahertz phased array antenna, and the third port is connected to the analog-to-digital converter of the field-programmable gate array development board, and is used to realize the transmission of the transmitted signal from the digital-to-analog converter to the antenna, and the transmission of the received signal from the antenna to the analog-to-digital converter.
4. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing chip in the field-programmable gate array development board is used to perform correlation operations on pseudocode sequences, power evaluation of received signals, and dual-end cooperative alignment control based on feedback adjustment.
5. A beam alignment method for a phased array antenna used in terahertz networking, implemented based on the structure described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The scanning end transmits signals containing pseudocode sequences and beam pointing position information in different directions through a terahertz phased array antenna. The feedback end receives the signal, performs correlation operation on the pseudocode sequence in the received signal and the local pseudocode sequence to obtain the correlation peak height, and records the height and its corresponding beam pointing position. Based on the changing trend of the relevant peak height or the boundary conditions of the scanning range, determine the maximum value of the local relevant peak and its corresponding beam position; The feedback end sends the beam position information and control command corresponding to the maximum value of the local correlation peak to the scanning end; The scanning end adjusts the beam direction based on the received information to complete the beam alignment between nodes.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The correlation peak height is used to characterize the received signal power under the current beam direction, and the beam direction corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation peak is the alignment direction.
7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conditions for determining the maximum value of the local correlation peak include: the correlation peak height continuously decreases in a number of consecutive received signals, or the current beam pointing has reached the boundary of the preset scanning range.
8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After beam alignment of one node is completed, control information is sent from that node to another node, instructing it to start beam scanning as the scanning end, thereby achieving beam alignment of the other node.
9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After receiving control information from the feedback end, the scanning end first determines the alignment position in one coordinate direction, then switches to another coordinate direction for scanning, and finally determines the alignment position in both directions to complete beam alignment.
10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The correlation operation of the pseudocode sequence is achieved by sliding the local pseudocode sequence through the received signal and multiplying and summing bit by bit. The maximum value of the correlation result corresponds to the alignment position of the pseudocode sequence.