Bicycle trainer comprising a bracket-mounted electromagnetic brake

Abstract

An exercise device includes a frame assembly having a flywheel support member and supporting a drive shaft adapted to be driven by a bicycle. The exercise device further includes a flywheel assembly supported by the flywheel support member and including a flywheel supported by a flywheel shaft extending through the support member. The flywheel shaft is coupled to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft drives the flywheel shaft, and the flywheel includes an outer portion and a rim that together define a flywheel volume. An electromagnetic brake assembly coupled to the support member and including an electromagnet extends within the flywheel volume to provide magnetic drag. The electromagnet can include two asymmetric outer legs. The electromagnet can be disposed inside or outside the flywheel volume.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications

[0002] This Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application relates to and claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 536,837, filed September 6, 2023, entitled “Bicycle Trainer Including Support-Mounted Electromagnetic Brake,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a bicycle trainer and related methods of using the bicycle trainer. Some embodiments relate to the configuration of components of the bicycle trainer to simulate the experience of riding without the bicycle trainer. Background Technology

[0004] Targeted training for important races, busy schedules, inclement weather, and other factors have led cyclists to choose indoor training. Indoor training itself has evolved into a form of exercise and recreation, regardless of whether its purpose is to improve outdoor cycling performance. Numerous indoor training options exist, including exercise bikes and training machines. An exercise bike looks similar to a bicycle but lacks wheels and includes a seat, handlebars, pedals, crank arms, drive sprockets, and chain. In contrast, an indoor training machine is a mechanical device that allows cyclists to mount a real bicycle (whether or not it has a rear wheel) onto the machine and then ride it indoors. The training machine provides resistance and supports the bicycle, but otherwise, its mechanics are simpler than a full exercise bike. This type of training machine allows users to train using their own bicycles and is generally smaller than a full exercise bike.

[0005] The goal is to provide a realistic resistance experience in bicycle trainers using user-friendly devices. It is based on these and other considerations that the various aspects disclosed in this article were conceived. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Embodiments of the present invention relate to an exercise device that provides a dynamic and responsive training experience. The exercise device may be a bicycle trainer with a flywheel assembly. The configuration of an electromagnetic brake assembly within the flywheel volume efficiently and effectively provides the user of the exercise device with a realistic experience. The electromagnetic brake assembly may include an electromagnet with two asymmetrical outer legs. The front outer leg may be thicker than the rear outer leg, thereby transferring flux more efficiently to improve the riding and training experience.

[0007] The embodiments described herein relate to an exercise device. The exercise device may include a frame assembly. The frame assembly may include a flywheel support member and support a drive shaft. The drive shaft may be adapted for bicycle drive. The flywheel assembly may be supported by the flywheel support member. The flywheel assembly may include a flywheel supported by a flywheel shaft extending through the support member. The flywheel shaft may be coupled to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft drives the flywheel shaft. An electromagnetic brake assembly may be coupled to the support member. The brake assembly may include an electromagnet. The electromagnet may include a core, the core including a first outer leg at a first end of the core and a second outer leg at a second end of the core. The second end may be opposite the first end. The first end may be characterized by a first width. The second end may be characterized by a second width. The first width may be different from the second width.

[0008] An embodiment may include an exercise device. The exercise device may include a frame assembly that includes a flywheel support member and supports a drive shaft. The drive shaft may be adapted for bicycle drive. The flywheel assembly may be supported by the flywheel support member. The flywheel assembly may include a flywheel supported by a flywheel shaft extending through the support member. The flywheel shaft may be coupled to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft drives the flywheel shaft. The flywheel may include an outer portion and a rim that together define a flywheel volume. An electromagnetic brake assembly may be coupled to the support member. The electromagnetic brake assembly may include an electromagnet disposed outside the flywheel volume. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Example embodiments are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments and drawings intended to be disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the exercise device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a side view of an exercise device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a side view of an exercise device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 4 This is a detailed view of the drive assembly of the exercise device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 5 This is a detailed view of a flywheel assembly of an exercise device including a flywheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 6 This is a detailed view of a flywheel assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flywheel has been removed and an electromagnetic brake assembly is shown.

[0016] Figure 7 This is a front view of the flywheel of a flywheel assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 8 This is a rear view of the flywheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 9 This is a side view of a flywheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 10 This is a side cross-sectional view of the flywheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 12 This is an exploded view of an electromagnet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 13 One aspect of the subject matter according to one embodiment is shown.

[0023] Figure 14 This is a side view of an exercise device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 15 This is a perspective view of the exercise device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figures 16A-16D Different configurations of the electromagnet relative to the flywheel volume are shown according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 17 This is a side view of an alternative exercise apparatus comprising multiple electromagnets according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 18 This is a block diagram illustrating the computing environment in which the exercise device connects and communicates with other computing devices.

[0028] Figure 19 A magnetic field is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This disclosure relates to a bicycle trainer that offers several advantages over conventional designs. The trainer includes a vertically adjustable rear axle and a cassette (rear gear) for mounting a bicycle to the trainer. Generally, the user removes the rear wheel from the rear of the bicycle (not shown) via dropouts, axle configurations, etc., and then connects the trainer's rear axle and cassette to the rear of the bicycle in the same manner as the rear wheel is connected to the bicycle.

[0030] A cassette flywheel is connected to a pulley, which is driven by a belt attached to the flywheel, so that the user's pedaling motion drives the flywheel during exercise. The flywheel includes a controllable electromagnetic brake. The magnetic brake can be controlled based on power measurements, RPM, heart rate, and other factors. The trainer can be controlled and multiple possible features (power, RPM, terrain, video, user profile, heart rate, etc.) can be displayed via a dedicated device or via a smartphone, tablet, smart TV, laptop, desktop computer, or similar device running a software application (“Application”) configured to communicate with and transmit control signals to the trainer.

[0031] According to an example embodiment, a computing device running an application uses an Application Programming Interface (API) (also known as a framework) to connect to a bicycle trainer. The framework is bundled within the application and loaded into memory as needed by the computing device. The framework may contain shared resources, such as dynamic shared libraries, interface files, image files, header files, and reference documentation, all within a single package. The API is publicly available for download by software developers to develop applications for use with the bicycle trainer. For example, software developers can add the framework to third-party applications that provide a user interface for interacting with the bicycle trainer and upload the application to an application repository for download by computing device users. The application can be executed by the computing device and communicates with the bicycle trainer using a wired or wireless interface. The application can be used to select and control the operating modes of the bicycle trainer and provide visual feedback on cycling on a smartphone display. The application can also serve as an interface to select strength-based fitness training, interact with or simulate recorded actual cycling, simulate hill climbs and descents, and input desired cycling variables such as gradient, wind speed, rider weight, and bicycle weight. Therefore, the framework allows the bike trainer to interface with a variety of first-party and third-party applications, such as bike training apps, bike tracking apps, map apps, multiplayer synchronous games, asynchronous games, leaderboard apps, course simulation apps, GPS apps, and so on. In other words, the API turns the trainer into an open platform, allowing third parties to use this open platform to develop applications that control the trainer and obtain information from it.

[0032] As mentioned above, resistance is provided electromagnetically to the bicycle trainer. More specifically, embodiments of this disclosure include an electromagnetic brake assembly supported on a flywheel support member of the bicycle trainer. The electromagnetic brake assembly may include at least one electromagnet supported on the flywheel support member such that the electromagnet extends into the internal volume of the flywheel. In other embodiments, the electromagnet may be external to the internal volume of the flywheel. For example, the electromagnet may extend radially to or from the center of the flywheel. In some embodiments, the electromagnet may be axially displaced from the flywheel. The electromagnet may be positioned on an outer portion of the flywheel.

[0033] In at least some embodiments, the electromagnet comprises an e-shaped core and coils surrounding a central leg of the core. Note that "e-shaped" refers to the shape of a capital "E," having three legs and three vertical supports extending from them. E-shaped magnetic cores are commonly found in transformers, inductors, and similar power electronic devices, with one leg of an e-shaped core adjacent to a leg of a second e-shaped core or I-shaped rod. In contrast to this conventional use that creates a closed magnetic circuit, the open ends of electromagnets containing e-shaped cores have been observed to offer certain unique and unexpected advantages for electromagnetic braking applications, particularly in the context of exercise devices.

[0034] As described above, the bicycle trainer of this disclosure typically includes a flywheel and an electromagnet supported by a frame assembly, such that the electromagnet extends into the internal volume of the flywheel. In some embodiments, the electromagnet may be external to the internal volume of the flywheel. Various unexpected results have been observed when an electromagnet comprising an E-shaped core is positioned within the internal volume of the bicycle trainer with the open ends of the core's legs pointing towards the flywheel rim. For example, compared to an electromagnet with a core of an alternative shape, improvements have been found in both the relative "smoothness" of the flywheel rotation during braking and braking efficiency (i.e., the braking force generated per unit power applied to the electromagnet). The current theory is that because the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet is emitted through the open ends of each leg, the field is primarily directed towards the flywheel (resulting in improved braking efficiency) while also being distributed over a wider arc of the flywheel (leading to less concentrated magnetic force, thus improving the smoothness of the flywheel during braking).

[0035] A bicycle trainer may include an electromagnet with an asymmetrical pole width. The legs of the E-shaped core face the flywheel. During the rotation of the circular flywheel, the front and rear legs of the core return the flux generated when the middle leg is energized. The front leg, facing the direction of rotation, receives more flux than the rear leg. The pole width at the leading edge of the electromagnet can be thicker than the pole width at the trailing edge. In this way, performance can be maintained while reducing cost compared to an E-shaped core with the same size front and rear legs. Furthermore, the asymmetrical pole width delivers a more uniform flux distribution for a better workout experience. The combination of the electromagnetic field generated by the energized E-Mag legs and the flux at the leading and rear legs describes the electromagnetic field that creates resistance to the flywheel and the rider.

[0036] Figure 19 The magnetic field and flux associated with the e-shaped core 152 and flywheel 124 of the electromagnet are shown. In this illustration, the flywheel 124 can rotate counterclockwise 1904. The rotation of the flywheel corresponds to the rotation driven by a rider on a bicycle coupled to an exercise trainer. The flywheel 124 has a rim with a thickness 1908. The e-shaped core 152 includes a first outer leg 154, a second outer leg 156, and a center leg 158. The width of the first outer leg 154 is greater than that of the second outer leg 156. The width of the center leg 158 may be greater than that of either outer leg.

[0037] A coil (not shown) may surround a central leg 158. Energizing the coil generates a magnetic field, which interacts with the flywheel by means of hysteresis. To illustrate this concept, the magnetic field directions of a representative DC magnetic field line 1912 in each leg are shown as arrows 1912a, 1912b, and 1912c in the first outer leg 154, central leg 158, and second outer leg 156, respectively. The field in the central leg 158 is in one direction toward the rim of the flywheel (arrow 1912b), and the fields in the first outer leg 154 (arrow 1912a) and second outer leg 156 (arrow 1912c) are in opposite directions. In an embodiment, the directions of all arrows may be reversed based on the polarity of the electromagnet. The change in the field from the central leg 158 to the adjacent outer leg causes a change in the magnetic flux path 1916 in the flywheel, thereby generating hysteresis. This changing flux creates resistance to the rotation of the flywheel and thus resistance to the user of the exercise device. The first outer leg 154, as the front leg, is the first leg to undergo the changing magnetic flux process. The first outer leg 154 has a larger width, thus allowing a stronger magnetic field to pass through it. In contrast, the second outer leg 156 is the last leg to undergo the changing magnetic flux process and has a smaller width to accommodate a weaker magnetic field. Figure 19 In this context, the strength of the magnetic field is approximately represented by the number of arrows indicating the field.

[0038] The combination of electromagnet configuration and flywheel size can be targeted with desired parameters, including inertia (affecting rider feel), maximum gear ratio (affecting speed and based on mechanical limits), and maximum rider torque. The required inertia can be achieved by combining the inertia associated with the rotating flywheel with electromagnetic drag from the electromagnet. The flywheel itself will have a certain amount of inertia. The required inertia of the system can be based on the weight of a standard bicycle and a representative rider, then electromagnetically controlled to approximate different riding characteristics (e.g., uphill, downhill, road surface) and further adapted to rider characteristics that cannot be achieved by the flywheel alone. Optimized electromagnet parameters may include rim thickness (e.g., rim thickness 1908). The rim should be thick enough to carry sufficient flux from the electromagnet. Similarly, the return leg of the electromagnet should be sufficient to carry the return flux. A rim that is too thin and / or a return leg that is too small will cause flux to be over-concentrated in certain areas, and the rim / leg will not be able to carry additional flux, meaning the system will be less efficient. Rim thickness can be based on a target torque or flux distribution. A higher desired torque requires more flux, which necessitates a thicker rim for a given inner or outer diameter. However, a thinner rim can reduce costs. Furthermore, the rim may be too thick for the amount of flux produced, resulting in wasted rim thickness. The asymmetric configuration of the e-shaped core 152 enables effective flux distribution in the flywheel 124 and effective field distribution in the e-shaped core.

[0039] Generally, the electromagnet generates resistance to the user's pedaling, which is measured as torque. Power, measured in watts, is calculated as torque multiplied by the speed (revolutions per minute) at which the flywheel rotates due to the user pedaling the bicycle connected to the trainer. Therefore, depending on the size of the electromagnet and flywheel, and the energization of the electromagnet, the user must generate sufficient torque to overcome the resistance generated by the interaction between the electromagnet and the flywheel in order to rotate the flywheel, and then pedal at a certain wattage to rotate the flywheel at a certain RPM.

[0040] The flywheel can also have its outer diameter and rim length varied (e.g., the rim dimension parallel to the flywheel's axial direction). The rim length is also known as the flywheel width. The outer diameter and rim length affect the desired inertia; a larger flywheel can have greater inertia. A shorter outer diameter and shorter rim length reduce cost.

[0041] The asymmetry of the magnetic poles can be varied. The front pole can be thicker than the rear pole. A thicker front pole allows for a greater flux compared to the rear pole. The size of the electromagnet can be varied based on the required torque and conductor material. The number of turns in the coil can be optimized. The maximum coil resistance can be set by adjusting the wire diameter for a given voltage and power supply rating.

[0042] The foregoing and other aspects of this disclosure are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1-3 A view of an example exercise device 100 according to this disclosure. More specifically, Figure 1 It is an oblique view of the exercise device 100, and Figure 2 and Figure 3 This is a side view of the exercise device 100.

[0044] The exercise device 100 typically includes a frame assembly 102 for supporting the exercise device 100 on a surface (e.g., the ground) and for supporting each of the drive assembly 114 and the flywheel assembly 122. In the embodiment specifically shown, the frame assembly 102 is an A-frame type structure that includes a flywheel support member 104 coupled to an auxiliary support member 106. As shown, the auxiliary support member 106 terminates at a front stabilizer 108, while the flywheel support member 104 terminates at a rear stabilizer 110. The front stabilizer 108 and the rear stabilizer 110 are typically configured as a robust and stable base for supporting the exercise device 100, including during vigorous riding. In some embodiments, each stabilizer may also include an end cap, such as an end cap 112, to provide additional stability and protect the frame assembly 102 and the surface on which the exercise device 100 is mounted.

[0045] The A-frame type frame of the exercise device 100 is intended only as an example design of the frame assembly 102 that can be used in embodiments of this disclosure. More generally, the frame assembly 102 is configured to support the drive assembly 114 and the flywheel assembly 122, and can have various configurations and arrangements. For example, U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 403.785 (which is incorporated herein by reference) includes alternative frame assemblies comprising a main frame component and folding legs, which can be adapted to incorporate various features and elements of this disclosure.

[0046] The specific embodiment of the exercise device 100 shown in the figure is intended for use with a bicycle, wherein the rear wheel of the bicycle is removed. For example, refer to... Figure 2 The exercise device 100 includes a drive assembly 114, which typically includes a drive wheel 116 coupled to a drive shaft 118. As shown, the drive wheel 116 is in the form of a pulley with a recessed surface. In some embodiments, a freewheel-style cassette may be coupled to the drive shaft 118. Alternatively, and as... Figure 2As shown, the drive assembly 114 may also include a freehub 132 on which a fixed cassette freewheel can be mounted. With the cassette freewheel in place, the bicycle's rear fork (not shown) can be connected to the drive shaft 118, and the bicycle chain can be connected to the cassette freewheel, so that pedaling the bicycle will drive the drive wheel 116.

[0047] Drive wheel 116 is typically coupled to flywheel 124 of flywheel assembly 122, such that driving drive wheel 116 causes rotation of flywheel 124. In the specific embodiment shown in the figure, exercise device 100 is belt-driven. More specifically, drive wheel 116 is coupled to flywheel shaft 126 via belt 120. Flywheel shaft 126 extends through and is rotatably supported therein by flywheel support member 104. Flywheel shaft 126 is also coupled to flywheel 124, which, in the illustrated embodiment, is positioned on the side of flywheel support member 104 opposite to drive wheel 116. Therefore, rotation of drive wheel 116 (e.g., by a user pedaling a bicycle coupled to drive assembly 114) drives rotation of flywheel shaft 126 and flywheel 124. In this belt-driven embodiment, exercise device 100 may also include belt tensioner 130 ( Figure 4 (As shown in the diagram) to maintain the tension of the belt 120, thereby ensuring the efficient transmission of energy from the drive wheel 116 and the flywheel 124.

[0048] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The flywheel assembly 122 typically includes a flywheel 124 and a flywheel shaft 126, and may also include a flywheel housing 128. Figure 5 The flywheel assembly 122 is shown, with the flywheel 124 in the appropriate position, while Figure 6 The flywheel assembly 122 with the flywheel 124 removed is shown, thus showing more clearly the flywheel housing 128 of the flywheel assembly 122 and the various components located below the flywheel 124.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, the exercise device 100 includes an electromagnetic brake assembly 136, which includes an electromagnet 142 for providing resistance during operation of the exercise device 100. More specifically, during operation of the exercise device 100, power (constant or variable) is supplied to the electromagnet 142, causing the electromagnet 142 to generate a magnetic field that interacts with a flywheel 124. The interaction between the electromagnet 142 and the flywheel 124 causes resistance to the rotation of the flywheel 124, such that the resistance to the rotation of the flywheel 124 can be similarly altered by changing the power supplied to the electromagnet 142 (and by extension, by changing the strength of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 142).

[0050] To facilitate the operation of the exercise device 100, such as to control the power transmitted to the electromagnet 142, the exercise device 100 may include a control panel 138 or similar electronic system. In the specific embodiment shown in the figures, the control panel 138 is positioned below the flywheel 124 and supported by the flywheel housing 128; however, this disclosure contemplates that the control panel 138 may be mounted in other locations on the exercise device 100. Furthermore, in some embodiments, various components of the control panel 138 may be distributed in different locations on the exercise device 100 (e.g., in a separate control panel).

[0051] As in Figure 18 Further discussed in the context of this disclosure, the control board 138 and other control boards of the exercise apparatus typically include computing components configured to facilitate control and communication of the exercise apparatus. Therefore, the control board 138 may further include: one or more processors; a memory storing instructions executable by one or more processors to perform various functions of the exercise apparatus; and a communication module and associated interfaces to facilitate communication with other devices (including wired and / or wireless communication). For example, the control board 138 may include components and logic for receiving control signals from a user computing device or an auxiliary exercise device for changing the resistance of the exercise apparatus 100. The control board 138 may also include logic and power electronics to achieve the resulting resistance change, for example, by controlling the power supplied to the electromagnet 142. More specifically below... Figure 18 The control and operation of the exercise device 100 are discussed in the context of this discussion.

[0052] In at least some embodiments, the control and operation of the exercise device 100 are facilitated in part by one or more sensors configured to provide measurement results to the control panel 138. For example, Figure 6 An optical sensor 134 is included, adapted to read an encoder pattern (not shown) on the inner surface of the flywheel 124. Measurements obtained by the optical sensor 134 can be processed by a control board 138 to determine the rotational speed of the flywheel 124. The control board 138 may also include sensors configured to measure electrical parameters (e.g., current consumption, anti-EMF, etc.) of the electromagnet 142 and associated power electronics. These sensor measurements can be used by the control board 138 to measure user performance and as feedback to control the operation of the exercise device 100. For example, the rotational speed of the flywheel and the current consumption of the electromagnet 142 can be used to approximate the power output by the user and can be used as feedback in the control loop to achieve the user's target power.

[0053] This disclosure envisions incorporating other sensors into the exercise device 100 to obtain measurements that can then be used to control the resistance of the exercise device 100, measure and report the user's performance, or otherwise operate the exercise device 100. For example, the optical sensor 134 can be replaced by other sensor types suitable for measuring rotational speed, such as, but not limited to, magnetic (e.g., Hall effect, variable reluctance, eddy-current-killed oscillator, Wiegand) sensors or other non-encoder type optical sensors. Some embodiments may include strain gauges or similar force sensors configured to measure forces applied by the user or reaction forces applied to the electromagnet 142 due to the interaction of the flywheel 124. In yet another embodiment, the exercise device 100 may be adapted to communicate with and receive power measurements from a power meter (e.g., a crank-type power meter) coupled to the user's bicycle.

[0054] Figures 7 to 10 Flywheel 124 is shown in more detail. More specifically, Figure 7 This is the front view of flywheel 124. Figure 8 This is the rear view of flywheel 124. Figure 9 This is a side view of flywheel 124, and Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional side view of flywheel 124.

[0055] As shown in the figure, the flywheel 124 typically includes a circumferentially extending rim 146, which is covered by an outer portion 144 extending generally parallel to the flywheel support member 104. A flywheel bore 151 extends through the outer portion 144 to allow the flywheel shaft 126 to pass through the flywheel 124 for mounting the flywheel 124 to the flywheel support member 104 and to facilitate the transfer of rotational energy from the drive wheel 116 to the flywheel 124, as previously described.

[0056] The outer diameter of the flywheel 124 can range from 50 to 100 mm, 100 to 150 mm, 150 to 200 mm, 200 to 210 mm, 210 to 220 mm, 220 to 230 mm, 230 to 250 mm, 250 to 300 mm, or greater than 300 mm. The inner diameter of the flywheel 124 (excluding rim thickness) can range from 50 to 100 mm, 100 to 150 mm, 150 to 200 mm, 200 to 210 mm, 210 to 220 mm, 220 to 230 mm, 230 to 250 mm, 250 to 300 mm, or greater than 300 mm. The rim thickness can range from 1 to 5 mm, 5 to 10 mm, 10 to 15 mm, 15 to 20 mm, 20 to 30 mm, or greater than 30 mm.

[0057] The flange width (e.g., the width of the flywheel rim facing the coil, in the axial direction) can range from 20 to 30 mm, 30 to 40 mm, 40 to 50 mm, 50 to 60 mm, 60 to 70 mm, or greater than 70 mm. The total flywheel width can be 30 to 40 mm, 40 to 50 mm, 50 to 60 mm, 60 to 70 mm, 70 to 80 mm, 80 to 90 mm, 90 to 100 mm, or greater than 100 mm. The ratio of the inner diameter to the first width 204 can range from 2 to 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, 9 to 10, or greater than 10.

[0058] The flywheel 124 is available in weights ranging from 1 to 8 lbs, 8 to 9 lbs, 9 to 10 lbs, 10 to 11 lbs, 11 to 12 lbs, 12 to 13 lbs, or greater than 13 lbs.

[0059] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the rim 146 and the outer portion 144 together define the flywheel volume 148. When the flywheel assembly 122 and the electromagnetic brake assembly 136 are fully assembled into the flywheel support member 104, the electromagnet 142 of the electromagnetic brake assembly 136 can extend into and be substantially housed within the flywheel volume 148.

[0060] Figure 11 This is a detailed view of an electromagnet 142 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 12 This is an exploded view of electromagnet 142. Electromagnet 142 includes an E-shaped core 152, which includes each of a first outer leg 154, a second outer leg 156, and a center leg 158. A coil holder 162 is mounted on the center leg 158 and holds the coil 160 around the center leg 158.

[0061] The electromagnet 142 may be asymmetrical about the outer legs. The first outer leg 154 may have a first width 204. The second outer leg 156 may have a second width 208. The first width 204 may be greater than the second width 208. The first width 204 and the second width 208 may be parallel to the longitudinal axis 212 of the support of the e-core 152. The ratio of the first width 204 to the second width 208 may range from 1.1 to 1.2, 1.2 to 1.3, 1.3 to 1.4, 1.4 to 1.5, 1.5 to 1.6, 1.6 to 1.7, 1.7 to 1.8, 1.8 to 1.9, 1.9 to 2.0, 2.0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 3.0, or greater than 3.0. In some embodiments, the outer legs may be asymmetrical in other ways. For example, the width may be in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 204 or orthogonal to the surface of the support (e.g., length, thickness).

[0062] The first width can range from 1 to 12 mm, 12 to 16 mm, 16 to 20 mm, 20 to 24 mm, 24 to 28 mm, 28 to 32 mm, 32 to 40 mm, or more than 40 mm. The second width can range from 1 to 10 mm, 10 to 15 mm, 15 to 18 mm, 18 to 22 mm, 22 to 26 mm, 26 to 30 mm, 30 to 40 mm, or more than 40 mm. The thickness of the e-core 152 can be a dimension orthogonal to the largest flat surface of the e-core 152. The thickness can range from 1 to 10 mm, 10 to 20 mm, 20 to 25 mm, 25 to 35 mm, 35 to 40 mm, or more than 40 mm.

[0063] The width of the center leg can range from 1 to 12 mm, 12 to 16 mm, 16 to 20 mm, 20 to 24 mm, 24 to 28 mm, 28 to 32 mm, 32 to 40 mm, or more than 40 mm. The width of the second leg can range from 1 to 10 mm, 10 to 15 mm, 15 to 18 mm, 18 to 22 mm, 22 to 26 mm, 26 to 30 mm, 30 to 40 mm, 40 to 50 mm, 50 to 60 mm, or more than 60 mm. The ratio of the width of the center leg to the width of the first leg can range from 1.1 to 1.2, 1.2 to 1.3, 1.3 to 1.4, 1.4 to 1.5, 1.5 to 1.6, 1.6 to 1.7, 1.7 to 1.8, 1.8 to 1.9, 1.9 to 2.0, 2.0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 3.0, or more than 3.0.

[0064] Figure 13 This is a detailed view of the flywheel 124 and the electromagnet 142, viewed from the inside of the flywheel 124 (e.g., from the side of the flywheel support member 104 in the illustrated embodiment). In addition, Figure 13 The relative positional arrangement and relationship between electromagnet 142 and flywheel 124 are shown. More specifically, Figure 13 The possible location of electromagnet 142 within flywheel volume 148 is shown. As illustrated, electromagnet 142 is positioned within flywheel volume 148 such that each of the first outer leg 154, the second outer leg 156, and the center leg 158 points towards the inner surface 150 of flywheel 124. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated by electromagnet 142 flows directly and efficiently into flywheel 124. Arrow 1304 indicates that flywheel 124 rotates clockwise.

[0065] To prevent friction and wear between the electromagnet 142 and the flywheel 124, a small air gap may exist between the legs of the e-shaped core 152 and the flywheel 124. Typically, air gaps impede the flow of magnetic flux between iron-containing bodies; therefore, they are usually minimized when efficient flow of magnetic flux between the bodies is required. To improve the efficiency of the interaction between the electromagnet 142 and the flywheel 124, the e-shaped core 152 of the electromagnet 142 may include legs with curved tips whose shape conforms to the inner surface 150 of the rim 146 of the flywheel 124. By doing so, the air gap between the e-shaped core 152 and the inner surface 150 and the flywheel 124 can be significantly reduced or minimized, particularly compared to a core with substantially planar legs.

[0066] Figure 14 and Figure 15 Additional views of the exercise apparatus are shown to illustrate the possible arrangement of the electromagnet 142. Figure 14 It is similar to Figure 2 and Figure 3 Side view of the exercise device 100. Figure 14 and Figure 1 The difference lies in the inclusion of a handle 1404 and different stabilizers 1408, 1412, and 1416. For the sake of brevity, it is not... Figure 14 Each component is indicated by a label. Electromagnet 142 is housed within flywheel 124. When flywheel 124 is driven by a bicycle, the first outer leg 154 can be the front leg of electromagnet 142. For example, flywheel 124 can... Figure 14 The exercise device 100 can be configured such that normal pedaling on the bicycle (which propels the bicycle forward in a non-training state) will drive the flywheel 124 to rotate counterclockwise. In contrast, in... Figure 13 In the middle, the flywheel rotates clockwise.

[0067] Points on the edge of the flywheel 124 can first approach the first outer leg 154 and then approach the second outer leg 156. Therefore, the first outer leg 154 can be considered as the front leg of the electromagnet 142. Most of the position on the flywheel can first pass through the first outer leg 154 and then through the second outer leg 156, which makes the first outer leg 154 the front leg.

[0068] Figure 15 An oblique view of an exercise device 100 with handle 1404 and stabilizers 1408, 1412 and 1416 is shown. The electromagnet 142 may be located within the flywheel 124.

[0069] Figures 16A-16D An embodiment of an electromagnet is shown that is mounted outside the flywheel volume 148. Figures 16A-16DThe exercise device 100 includes various components. For the sake of brevity, not every component is labeled. In fact, only selected components are labeled, and these selected components should be sufficient to understand the configuration of the electromagnet. Figure 16A An example is shown of an electromagnet 1602 arranged radially outward from the center of the flywheel (e.g., flywheel shaft 126). The electromagnet 1602 may be located outside the flywheel volume 148. An electromagnet 142 may be arranged radially outward from the rim 146. The electromagnet 1602 may be mounted on a flywheel support member 104. The front pole of the electromagnet 1602 may be thicker than the rear pole. The front pole of the electromagnet 1602 is the pole that first encounters (e.g., becomes closest to) a point on the rotating flywheel originating from the outside of the electromagnet.

[0070] Figure 16B An example of an electromagnet 1604 is shown positioned axially outward from the flywheel and outer portion 144. The electromagnet 1604 may be located within a cylinder 1603 defined by the rim 146. A longitudinal plane 1608 may be parallel to the outer portion 144. The front pole of the electromagnet 1604 may be thicker than the rear pole.

[0071] Figure 16C An example of an electromagnet 1610 is shown, positioned axially outward from the flywheel and the outer portion 144. Figure 16C Similar to Figure 16B The difference is that the longitudinal plane 1612 is perpendicular to the outer part 144.

[0072] In other embodiments, the electromagnet can be similar to Figure 16B and 16C The difference lies in the fact that the diagram can be on the inner part of the flywheel volume 148 rather than the outer part.

[0073] Figure 16D An embodiment with two electromagnets, namely electromagnet 1614 and electromagnet 1616, is shown. Electromagnet 1614 can be similar to... Figure 16A Electromagnet 1602 is positioned within the flywheel volume 148. Electromagnet 1616 can be positioned within the flywheel volume 148. The front pole of each electromagnet can be thicker than the rear pole. A second electromagnet can be similarly added. Figure 16B and 16C .

[0074] Additional magnets may be contained inside or outside the flywheel volume. For example, while the exercise device 100 includes a single electromagnet for providing electromagnetic resistance during operation, other embodiments of this disclosure may include an electromagnetic brake assembly comprising multiple electromagnets. For example, Figure 17This is a side view of an exercise device 1700, similar to exercise device 100. Like exercise device 100, exercise device 1700 typically includes a frame assembly 1702 for supporting exercise device 1700 on a surface (e.g., the ground) and for supporting each of a drive assembly 1714 and a flywheel assembly 1722 containing a flywheel 1724 (shown in dashed outline to indicate the undercarriage assembly). In at least some embodiments, flywheel assembly 1722 is substantially similar to flywheel assembly 122, as described above. The total number of electromagnets can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more than 10.

[0075] Frame assembly 1702 is shown as an A-frame type structure, including a flywheel support member 1704 coupled to auxiliary support member 1706, but other frame configurations are also considered within the scope of this disclosure. Auxiliary support member 1706 is shown terminating at front stabilizer 1708, while flywheel support member 104 is shown terminating at rear stabilizer 1710. As previously mentioned, exercise device 1700 includes drive assembly 1714, which typically includes a drive wheel 1716 coupled to drive shaft 1718, wherein 1718 is optionally coupled to a freewheel cassette or a freewheel body on which a fixed cassette may be mounted. As in previous embodiments, the bicycle's rear fork (not shown) may be coupled to drive shaft 1718, and the bicycle chain may be coupled to the cassette attached to drive shaft 1718, such that pedaling the bicycle drives drive wheel 1716. The drive wheel 1716 is typically connected to the flywheel shaft 1728 (e.g., via a belt) such that driving the drive wheel 1716 causes the flywheel connected to the flywheel shaft 1728 to rotate.

[0076] The flywheel shaft 1728 extends through and is rotatably supported within the flywheel support member 1704. The flywheel shaft 1728 is also connected to the flywheel 1724. (As...) Figure 17 As shown, the exercise device 100 includes an electromagnetic brake assembly 1736. Compared to the electromagnetic brake assembly 136 of the exercise device 100, the electromagnetic brake assembly 1736 of the exercise device 1700 includes a plurality of electromagnets. The electromagnetic brake assembly 1736 includes a first electromagnet 1742, which is similar in configuration and installation to the electromagnet 172 of the exercise device 100. More specifically, the first electromagnet 1742 is supported by a flywheel support member 1704 at a position below the flywheel shaft 1728. The electromagnetic brake assembly 1736 also includes a second electromagnet 1744, which is connected to the flywheel support member 1704 in a similar manner, but on the opposite side of the flywheel shaft 1728.

[0077] Each of the first electromagnet 1742 and the second electromagnet 1744 is coupled to the flywheel support member 1704, such that the exercise device 1700 is positioned within the flywheel volume 1748 of the flywheel 1724. Like the electromagnet 142 of the exercise device 100, each of the first electromagnet 1742 and the second electromagnet 1744 is shown having a corresponding e-shaped core and is mounted to the flywheel support member 1704 such that each leg of the e-shaped core points outward toward the rim of the flywheel 1724. Furthermore, like the legs of the e-shaped core 152 of the electromagnet 142, the legs of the e-shaped cores of the first electromagnet 1742 and the second electromagnet 1744 include curved tips to conform to the inner surface of the rim of the flywheel 1724.

[0078] As previously mentioned, during operation of the exercise device according to this disclosure, a control panel or similar electronic assembly controls the power transmitted to the electromagnets of the electromagnetic brake assembly to change the resistance of the exercise device. In some embodiments that include multiple electromagnets, the electromagnets can operate synchronously. For example, the exercise device can increase magnetic resistance by increasing the power to each electromagnet equally. Alternatively, the electromagnets can operate independently. Thus, for example, a first electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake assembly can be used to provide baseline resistance, while a second electromagnet can be varied to provide additional resistance above the baseline.

[0079] Although Figure 17 The electromagnetic brake assembly 1736 is shown as comprising two electromagnets, but this disclosure contemplates that embodiments of the present disclosure may include any suitable number of electromagnets for controlling the resistance applied to the flywheel 1724. As mentioned above, the electromagnets can be controlled simultaneously or independently. Furthermore, although shown primarily e-shaped due to the specific advantages of such magnets for use in exercise apparatus applications, this disclosure contemplates that the electromagnets in embodiments of the present disclosure (regardless of whether the embodiment includes one or more electromagnets) may have alternative shapes and designs.

[0080] Figure 18 This is a block diagram of a computing environment 1800 including the exercise device 1810 according to this disclosure. The exercise device 1810 may include various electronic and control components, including a control board 1814 that includes at least one processor 1818, at least one memory 1816, and at least one communication module 1820. The control board 1814 may be communicatively coupled to an electromagnetic braking assembly 1822 (e.g., coupled to a corresponding controller or power electronics for controlling the operation of the electromagnetic braking assembly 1822), the electromagnetic braking assembly being adapted to provide electromagnetic resistance to the exercise device 1810, as previously discussed in this disclosure. The exercise device 1810 may further include a power circuit system 1826 adapted to receive power from an external source, such as a wall socket, and to perform any necessary transformations of the received power to suit the requirements of the exercise device 1810.

[0081] During operation, processor 1818 retrieves and executes commands stored in memory 1816 that cause processor 1818 to control the operation of exercise device 1810, including controlling the power delivery to electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 to modify the electromagnetic braking resistance provided by electromagnetic brake assembly 1822. Processor 1818 may also execute instructions to collect data from at least one sensor 1824, generate and store performance and diagnostic data in memory 1816, communicate with external devices (e.g., via communication module 1820), and perform other functions related to the operation of exercise device 1810.

[0082] Sensor 1824 is intended to represent a range of sensors that can be incorporated into the exercise apparatus 1810 to monitor and control the operation of the exercise apparatus 1810. For example, and as previously described, sensor 1824 may include a sensor (e.g., optically encoded) configured to measure the rotational speed of a flywheel. Sensor 1824 may also include sensors configured to monitor the electrical performance and characteristics of the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 (e.g., current consumption), the temperature of components of sensor 1824, user performance (e.g., power meter), forces applied to the exercise apparatus 1810 (e.g., strain gauge, accelerometer, etc.), or any other parameters of interest. Although in Figure 18 Although not shown, the exercise device 1810 may also include various inputs and manual controls. For example, the exercise device 1810 may include inputs (such as buttons, knobs, switches, etc.) for turning the exercise device 1810 on or off, changing the resistance of the exercise device 1810, initiating a wireless pairing sequence, or performing other functions related to the configuration and operation of the exercise device 1810.

[0083] As previously mentioned, the control board 1814 may include a communication module 1820. The communication module 1820 may facilitate communication between the exercise device 1810 and other devices via wired communication protocols, wireless communication protocols, or a combination of wired and wireless communication protocols. Therefore, the exercise device 1810 may include both hardware and software components suitable for transmitting and receiving data and converting received data into a format usable by the processor 1818 or other components of the control board 1814. The communication module 1820 may use any suitable wired or wireless communication protocol to implement communication. For example, but not limited to, in some embodiments, the communication module 1820 may use one or more of the following communication protocols to facilitate communication between the exercise device 1810 and other devices: ANT, ANT+, Bluetooth®, and Wi-Fi.

[0084] The exercise device 1810 can be communicatively coupled to or moved by an external device, the external device being in... Figure 18These are referred to as user device 1806 and auxiliary device 1828. For example, exercise device 1810 may be a "smart" bicycle trainer incorporating wireless or other communication capabilities, enabling exercise device 1810 to receive control signals and performance data and transmit said control signals and performance data to other computing devices. Exercise device 1810 may further include mechanical means that allow other computing devices to dynamically change the operation of exercise device 1810.

[0085] In at least some embodiments, the operation of the exercise device 1810 is primarily driven by the user device 1806. The user device 1806 can be any suitable computing device capable of executing software applications for communication with the exercise device 1810. For example, the user device 1806 can be a mobile phone, laptop computer, smart TV, or bicycle headunit, capable of communicating using communication protocols supported by the exercise device 1810 and executing training applications or similar software thereon. Figure 18 As shown, the exercise device 1810 can also be configured to operate in conjunction with or otherwise communicate with the auxiliary device 1828. The auxiliary device 1828 is intended to collectively represent other devices besides the user device 1806, and as noted above, it may be the primary source of control signals and operating instructions for the exercise device 1810. Furthermore, the auxiliary device 1828 may include auxiliary means for collecting additional data during a training session, such as additional sensors (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a bicycle-mounted power meter). The auxiliary device 1828 can also be a secondary exercise device for providing an enhanced training experience. For example, the auxiliary device 1828 may be a training device configured to dynamically change the height of a bicycle, as described in U.S. Patent No. 11,395,948 (which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes).

[0086] In embodiments that include multiple computing and exercise devices, each device can communicate directly or indirectly with other devices within the operating environment. Thus, for example, auxiliary device 1828 can communicate with both user device 1806 and exercise device 1810. Communication between any two devices can occur directly or using another device as a communication bridge. For example, auxiliary device 1828 can collect data and transmit it directly to user device 1806 for its use. Alternatively, auxiliary device 1828 can collect data and transmit it to exercise device 1810, which can then forward the data or related signals to user device 1806; that is, exercise device 1810 can act as a communication bridge between auxiliary device 1828 and user device 1806.

[0087] User device 1806 can be communicatively coupled to network 1802, such as the Internet, and user device 1806 can access additional data (in...) through said network. Figure 18 (Hereinafter referred to as data source 1804). In some embodiments, user device 1806 may access data source 1804 to retrieve training programs, route data, or similar information from which values ​​of operating parameters of exercise device 1810 can be obtained. User device 1806 may then transmit control signals to exercise device 1810 based on the retrieved information. Thus, for example, exercise device 1810 may retrieve data on a specific real-world route (e.g., road surface parameters, wind speed, incline, etc.) and generate corresponding control signals to modify the operation of exercise device 1810 (and, if applicable, modification 1828) to simulate riding along said route.

[0088] User device 1806 can also transmit data to data source 1804. For example, the user can transmit time, statistics, and other performance data collected during a training session for storage in data source 1804 and subsequent retrieval and analysis. The user can also create training sessions and store the parameters of such sessions in data source 1804. For instance, at the start of a training session, the user can initiate recording of the training session, causing periodic sampling and recording of the resistance of exercise device 1810. The corresponding data can then be stored in data source 1804 and retrieved later by the user or different users to perform subsequent training sessions.

[0089] User device 1806 may perform at least some of the previously discussed functions of control panel 1814 and other components of exercise device 1810. For example, exercise device 1810 may receive sensor data and may execute an application or similar software that determines the resistance to be applied by electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 based on the received sensor data. User device 1806 may generate corresponding control signals via communication module 1820 and transmit them to exercise device 1810 to control the resistance provided by electromagnetic brake assembly 1822. In other embodiments, exercise device 1810 may interpret the control signals and parameter values ​​received from user device 1806 and determine the corresponding power supplied to electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 to achieve the corresponding resistance.

[0090] In some embodiments, the exercise device 1810 may be configured to operate according to different modes. In such embodiments, the operating mode of the exercise device 1810 may be selected by the user device 1806 or otherwise controlled. For example, in at least some embodiments, the exercise device 1810 may be configured to operate in each of the following modes: resistance mode, ergometer (or “ERG”) mode, and simulation (or “SIM”) mode.

[0091] The resistance mode most directly corresponds to conventional exercise equipment, where the user can directly change the resistance provided by the exercise device 1810. Therefore, for example, the user can set and adjust the resistance level (e.g., from 0 to 10) using the corresponding controls on the exercise device 1810 or controls displayed on the user device 1806. In response to the user selecting or changing the current resistance level, the processor 1818 sets or changes the power transmitted to the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822, and thus sets or changes the magnetic resistance provided by the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822.

[0092] In addition to, or as an alternative to, manually selecting and adjusting resistance, user device 1806 or exercise device 1810 may also allow the user to select a fitness or training session in which resistance changes automatically and dynamically over time. Thus, for example, the user can select interval training and interval fitness parameters (e.g., total duration, number of intervals, interval difficulty, interval duration, etc.), and user device 1806 and / or exercise device 1810 can automatically adjust the resistance of exercise device 1810 based on the fitness parameters.

[0093] ERG mode is a constant power mode where resistance is dynamically modified to achieve the target power output at the current pace. In ERG mode, the target power is provided (e.g., manually by the user or automatically based on the user's selected exercise), and the exercise device 1810 controls the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 to provide sufficient resistance to achieve the target power at the user's current pace / pedaling speed. Therefore, if the user's current power output is lower than the target power, the processor 1818 will control the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 to increase the magnetic resistance so that the target power is achieved if the user maintains the same pedaling pace. Conversely, if the user's current power exceeds the target power, the processor 1818 will control the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 to decrease the magnetic resistance to achieve the target power.

[0094] The exercise device 1810 can determine the user's current power in various ways. For example, in some embodiments, the exercise device 1810 may include a power meter (e.g., a crank-type power meter) or a similar sensor for directly measuring the user's power output. In other embodiments, the exercise device 1810 may determine the power output algorithmically based on other factors, including but not limited to flywheel rotation speed, the user's rhythm, and the values ​​of electrical parameters (e.g., current consumption, reverse EMF, etc.) associated with the operation of the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822.

[0095] SIM mode is an alternative operating mode for the exercise device 1810, which is designed to simulate real-world road and environmental conditions. When operating in SIM mode, the exercise device 1810 receives or generates values ​​for one or more simulation parameters and modifies the resistance applied by the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 based on these values. The simulation parameters can include a wide range of factors, including those related to road conditions and the simulated riding environment. For example, simulation parameters may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: drag coefficient, wind speed, traction factor, grade, and rolling resistance coefficient.

[0096] During operation in SIM mode, the exercise device 1810 can receive simulated parameter values ​​from the user device 1806. For example, the user device 1806 can execute a cycling simulation or training application, where the user can select a training or cycling course. Each course may contain a series of simulated parameter values ​​corresponding to road conditions, environmental factors, and other aspects of the course. As the user completes a course, the user device 1806 may periodically transmit updated simulated parameter values ​​to the exercise device 1810 to reflect changes in course conditions. The exercise device 1810 can then modify the resistance provided by the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 to reflect the course conditions.

[0097] In some SIM mode implementations, the exercise device 1810 may use a power-based control loop to control the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822. More specifically, the exercise device 1810 may be configured to convert analog parameter values ​​corresponding to the current course state into a target power. The exercise device 1810 may then modify the resistance applied using the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 to achieve the target power. More specifically, the exercise device 1810 may measure the user's current power. If the current power is lower than the target power, the exercise device 1810 increases the resistance provided by the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822. Conversely, if the current power is lower than the target power, the exercise device 1810 decreases the resistance provided by the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822. As the course state changes (e.g., by changing the values ​​of one or more analog parameters), the exercise device 1810 determines a new target power for the control loop and modifies the resistance provided by the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822 accordingly.

[0098] For example, the first part of a simulated course may have a relatively small headwind and a relatively small incline. During the first part of the course, the exercise device 1810 can determine that the simulated parameter values ​​corresponding to the headwind and incline correspond to 50 W. The exercise device 1810 can then use 50 W as the target power to control the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822. The second part of the simulated course may contain a considerably larger headwind and a greater incline. When the user reaches the second part, the user device 1806 can transmit updated simulated parameter values ​​to the exercise device 1810, which represent an increase in headwind and incline. In response to receiving the updated values, the exercise device 1810 can determine that the updated headwind and incline values ​​correspond to a higher power (e.g., 150 W) and can accordingly set the target power for controlling the electromagnetic brake assembly 1822.

[0099] Examples may include methods of using any of the exercise devices described herein. Examples may include methods of controlling an electromagnetic brake assembly, including transmitting control signals and receiving sensor data.

[0100] Although various representative embodiments have been described above with a degree of specificity, those skilled in the art can make numerous changes to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter set forth in the specification. All directional references (e.g., upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, left-right, top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, and counterclockwise) are used for identification purposes only to assist the reader in understanding embodiments of the invention and do not, in particular, impose limitations regarding the location, orientation, or use of the invention, unless specifically set forth in the claims. Connection references (e.g., attachment, joint, connection, etc.) should be interpreted broadly and may encompass intermediate components between the connection of elements and relative movement between elements. Thus, a connection reference does not necessarily imply that two elements are directly connected and fixed to each other.

[0101] In the methods described directly or indirectly herein, various steps and operations are described in one possible order of operation; however, those skilled in the art will recognize that the steps and operations can be rearranged, substituted, or eliminated without necessarily departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All content contained in the foregoing specification or shown in the accompanying drawings is intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Changes in detail or structure may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

[0102] Therefore, the foregoing content only illustrates the principles of the invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will be able to design different arrangements, which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples and conditional language listed herein are primarily intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of this disclosure, and not to limit it to such specifically listed examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein that list the principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to cover both their structural and functional equivalents. Additionally, such equivalents are intended to include both currently known equivalents and future developed equivalents, i.e., any element developed that performs the same function, regardless of its structure. Therefore, the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described herein. Rather, the scope and spirit of the invention are embodied by the appended claims.

[0103] Unless explicitly indicated otherwise, the use of “a,” “an,” or “the” is intended to mean “one or more.” Unless explicitly indicated otherwise, the use of “or” is intended to mean “inclusive or,” not “exclusive or.” A reference to a “first” component does not necessarily require the provision of a second component. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to a “first” or “second” component do not limit the referenced component to a specific location. The term “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on.”

[0104] Claims can be drafted to exclude any element that may be optional. Therefore, this statement is intended to serve as a precondition for using exclusive terms such as “solely” or “only” or using negative limitations in the statement in conjunction with the elements of the claims.

[0105] Where a numerical range is provided, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed, up to one-tenth of the lower limit unit (unless the context explicitly states otherwise). Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within the range and any other stated or intermediate value within that range is covered within embodiments of this disclosure. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included in or excluded from the range, and each range (where one of the two limits, none, or both are included in the smaller range) is also covered within this disclosure, subject to any specifically excluded limit value within the range. Where the range includes one or both of the included limit values, the range excluding any one or both of the included limit values ​​is also included within this disclosure.

[0106] All patents, patent applications, and publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, just as each individual publication or patent is specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference in order to disclose and describe methods and / or materials in connection with the cited publications. None of them are acknowledged as prior art. Claims (as amended under Article 19 of the Treaty) 1. An exercise device comprising: A frame assembly comprising a flywheel support component and supporting a drive shaft adapted for bicycle drive; A flywheel assembly supported by the flywheel support member, the flywheel assembly comprising a flywheel supported by a flywheel shaft extending through the flywheel support member, wherein the flywheel shaft is coupled to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft drives the flywheel shaft; and An electromagnetic brake assembly, connected to the flywheel support component and including an electromagnet, wherein: The electromagnet includes a core, the core comprising a first outer leg at a first end and a second outer leg at a second end. The second end is opposite to the first end. The first outer leg is characterized by its first width. The second outer leg is characterized by a second width, and The first width is different from the second width. 2. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The core includes a support, from which the first outer leg and the second outer leg extend. The first width is greater than the second width, and The first width and the second width are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bracket. 3. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The first width is greater than the second width, and The electromagnet is configured such that when the bicycle drives the flywheel to rotate, most of the flywheel passes first through the first outer leg and then through the second outer leg. 4. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The ratio of the first width to the second width ranges from 1.2 to 1.4. 5. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The flywheel includes an outer portion and a rim, which together define the flywheel volume. 6. The exercise device according to claim 5, wherein: The electromagnet is housed within the flywheel volume. 7. The exercise device according to claim 5, wherein: The electromagnet is positioned radially outward from the rim and the flywheel shaft. 8. The exercise device according to claim 5, wherein: The electromagnet is positioned axially outward from the flywheel and the outer portion. 9. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The core is an E-shaped core. The e-shaped core includes a first outer leg, a second outer leg, and a central leg disposed between the first outer leg and the second outer leg. The electromagnet further includes a coil wound around the central leg. 10. The exercise device of claim 9, wherein the electromagnet is coupled to the flywheel support member such that the first outer leg, the second outer leg, and the central leg extend parallel to the flywheel support member. 11. The exercise device of claim 9, wherein each of the first outer leg, the second outer leg, and the central leg has a curved tip conforming to the inner surface of the flywheel. 12. The exercise device of claim 1, wherein the drive shaft is coupled to the drive wheel, and the drive wheel is coupled to the flywheel shaft via a belt. 13. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnet is connected to the flywheel support member below the flywheel shaft. 14. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnet is a first electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake assembly, and the exercise device further includes a second electromagnet connected to the flywheel support member. 15. The exercise device according to claim 14, wherein: The first electromagnet includes a first e-shaped core, the first e-shaped core having a first outer leg, a second outer leg, and a central leg disposed between the first outer leg and the second outer leg. The first electromagnet includes a coil wound around the central leg, and The second electromagnet includes a second e-shaped core. 16. The exercise apparatus of claim 14, wherein the second electromagnet is disposed opposite to the first electromagnet across the flywheel shaft. 17. The exercise device according to claim 1, further comprising: Memory having computer-executable instructions; and At least one processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to: The exercise device is wirelessly connected to receive communications from a computing device running the exercise application. Receive control signals wirelessly from the computing device; and In response to the control signal, the control of the electromagnetic brake assembly is modified. 18. An exercise device comprising: A frame assembly comprising a flywheel support component and supporting a drive shaft adapted for bicycle drive; A flywheel assembly supported by the flywheel support member, the flywheel assembly comprising a flywheel supported by a flywheel shaft extending through the flywheel support member, wherein: The flywheel shaft is connected to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft drives the flywheel shaft, and The flywheel includes an outer portion and a rim, the outer portion and the rim together defining the flywheel volume; and An electromagnetic brake assembly is connected to the flywheel support component and includes an electromagnet disposed outside the flywheel volume. 19. The exercise device of claim 18, wherein the electromagnet is positioned radially outward from the rim and the flywheel shaft. 20. The exercise device of claim 18, wherein the electromagnet is positioned axially outward from the flywheel and the outer portion.

Claims

1. An exercise device comprising: A frame assembly comprising a flywheel support component and supporting a drive shaft adapted for bicycle drive; A flywheel assembly supported by the flywheel support member, the flywheel assembly comprising a flywheel supported by a flywheel shaft extending through the support member, wherein the flywheel shaft is coupled to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft drives the flywheel shaft; as well as An electromagnetic brake assembly, connected to the support member and comprising an electromagnet, wherein: The electromagnet includes a core, the core comprising a first outer leg at a first end and a second outer leg at a second end. The second end is opposite to the first end. The first outer leg is characterized by its first width. The second outer leg is characterized by a second width, and The first width is different from the second width.

2. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The core includes a support, from which the first outer leg and the second outer leg extend. The first width is greater than the second width, and The first width and the second width are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bracket.

3. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The first width is greater than the second width, and The electromagnet is configured such that when the bicycle drives the flywheel to rotate, most of the flywheel passes first through the first outer leg and then through the second outer leg.

4. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The ratio of the first width to the second width ranges from 1.2 to 1.

4.

5. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The flywheel includes an outer portion and a rim, which together define the flywheel volume.

6. The exercise device according to claim 5, wherein: The electromagnet is housed within the flywheel volume.

7. The exercise device according to claim 5, wherein: The electromagnet is positioned radially outward from the rim and the flywheel shaft.

8. The exercise device according to claim 5, wherein: The electromagnet is positioned axially outward from the flywheel and the outer portion.

9. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein: The core is an E-shaped core. The e-shaped core includes a first outer leg, a second outer leg, and a central leg disposed between the first outer leg and the second outer leg. The electromagnet further includes a coil wound around the central leg.

10. The exercise device of claim 9, wherein the electromagnet is coupled to the support member such that the first outer leg, the second outer leg, and the central leg extend parallel to the support member.

11. The exercise device of claim 9, wherein each of the first outer leg, the second outer leg, and the central leg has a curved tip conforming to the inner surface of the flywheel.

12. The exercise device of claim 1, wherein the drive shaft is coupled to the drive wheel, and the drive wheel is coupled to the flywheel shaft via a belt.

13. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnet is connected to the support member below the flywheel shaft.

14. The exercise device according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnet is a first electromagnet of the electromagnetic brake assembly, and the exercise device further includes a second electromagnet connected to the support member.

15. The exercise device according to claim 14, wherein: The first electromagnet includes a first e-shaped core, the first e-shaped core having a first outer leg, a second outer leg, and a central leg disposed between the first outer leg and the second outer leg. The first electromagnet includes a coil wound around the central leg, and The second electromagnet includes a second e-shaped core.

16. The exercise apparatus of claim 14, wherein the second electromagnet is disposed opposite to the first electromagnet across the flywheel shaft.

17. The exercise device according to claim 1, further comprising: Memory containing computer-executable instructions; as well as At least one processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to: The exercise device is wirelessly connected to receive communications from a computing device running the exercise application. Receive control signals wirelessly from the computing device; as well as In response to the control signal, the control of the electromagnetic brake assembly is modified.

18. An exercise device comprising: A frame assembly comprising a flywheel support component and supporting a drive shaft adapted for bicycle drive; A flywheel assembly supported by the flywheel support member, the flywheel assembly comprising a flywheel supported by a flywheel shaft extending through the support member, wherein: The flywheel shaft is connected to the drive shaft such that rotation of the drive shaft drives the flywheel shaft, and The flywheel includes an outer portion and a rim, which together define the flywheel volume; as well as An electromagnetic brake assembly is connected to the support member and includes an electromagnet disposed outside the flywheel volume.

19. The exercise device of claim 18, wherein the electromagnet is positioned radially outward from the rim and the flywheel shaft.

20. The exercise device of claim 18, wherein the electromagnet is positioned axially outward from the flywheel and the outer portion.

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