Light guide device and electronic device comprising the same

Abstract

A light guide apparatus according to an embodiment includes a first substrate, a first pattern layer disposed on the first substrate, a cover disposed on the first pattern layer, and a first intermediate layer disposed between the cover and the first pattern layer, wherein a lower surface of the first intermediate layer has a shape corresponding to a shape of the first pattern layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments relate to a light guide device and an electronic device including the light guide device. Background Technology

[0002] Virtual Reality (VR) refers to a specific environment, situation, or technology that simulates reality through artificial technologies such as computers, but is not the actual reality itself.

[0003] Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that overlays virtual objects or information onto the real environment, making the virtual objects appear as if they exist in the original environment.

[0004] Mixed Reality (MR) refers to the creation of new environments or information by blending the virtual world with the real world. Specifically, mixed reality refers to the real-time interaction between the real-time presence of objects in the real world and the real-time presence of objects in the virtual world.

[0005] At this point, the created virtual environment and scenarios stimulate the user's five senses, allowing the user to experience a virtual world similar to the real world in terms of space or time, thus freely blurring the boundaries between reality and imagination. Furthermore, users can not only simply immerse themselves in this environment, but also interact with objects created within it by using physical devices to perform operations, commands, or related tasks.

[0006] In recent years, there has been active research into devices (or equipment) used in this field. However, there is a need to miniaturize these devices and provide high resolution. Summary of the Invention

[0007] [Technical Issues]

[0008] One object of the embodiments is to provide a light guide device and an electronic device including the light guide device, which can enhance reliability and prevent degradation of optical performance by forming recesses or protrusions therein. The light guide device and the electronic device including the light guide device are used for augmented reality, etc.

[0009] Another objective of the embodiments is to provide a light guiding device and an electronic device including the light guiding device, which can overcome impact susceptibility by forming an intermediate layer on top of the patterned layer, thereby suppressing the formation of air gaps or the like between the patterned layer and layers above the patterned layer (e.g., substrate or cover).

[0010] Another embodiment provides a light guiding device and an electronic device including the light guiding device, which can enhance reliability and prevent degradation of optical properties by using a stepped portion and a blocking member.

[0011] The purpose of the implementation is not limited to those mentioned above, and may also include other purposes or effects that can be identified from the means of solving the problem and the implementation, both of which are described below.

[0012] [Technical Solutions]

[0013] According to one aspect of the embodiments, a light guiding device is provided, the light guiding device including a first substrate; a first patterned layer disposed on the first substrate; a cover disposed on the first patterned layer; and a first intermediate layer disposed between the cover and the first patterned layer, wherein the lower surface of the first intermediate layer has a shape corresponding to the shape of the first patterned layer.

[0014] In the optical guide device, the upper surface of the first intermediate layer can have a lower roughness than the lower surface of the first intermediate layer.

[0015] In the light guide device, the height of the first intermediate layer in the stacking direction can be greater than the height of the first pattern layer.

[0016] In the light guide device, the first substrate and the cover may have a first stepped portion, which is a groove formed inward from the edge of the first substrate and the edge of the cover, respectively.

[0017] In the light guide device, the first step portion can be positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate or the lower surface of the cover.

[0018] The light guide device may also include a blocking member arranged outward from the first substrate, the first patterned layer, the intermediate layer and the cover.

[0019] In a light guide device, the blocking member may include an inwardly extending protrusion.

[0020] In the optical guide device, the protrusion can be positioned on the first step portion.

[0021] In the light guide device, the protruding portion can contact the first substrate, the first patterned layer, the first intermediate layer, and the cover.

[0022] In the light guide device, the outermost surface of the first intermediate layer and the outermost surface of the first pattern layer can be positioned inward relative to the outermost surface of the first substrate and the outermost surface of the cover.

[0023] According to another aspect of the embodiments, a light guiding device is provided, the light guiding device including a first substrate; a first pattern layer disposed on the first substrate; a cover disposed on the first pattern layer; and a first insulating member disposed between the cover and the first substrate, wherein the first insulating member is disposed along the edge of the first substrate or the cover, and wherein the first pattern layer includes a first recess or a first protrusion extending through at least one region of the first pattern layer toward the cover, the first recess or the first protrusion being disposed on the edge of the first pattern layer.

[0024] In the light guide device, the first recess can pass through a region of the first substrate.

[0025] In the optical guide device, the first substrate can be exposed through the first recess.

[0026] In the light guide device, the first recess can be spaced apart from the first substrate in the stacking direction.

[0027] In the light guide device, the bottom surface of the first recess can be arranged at a higher height than the upper surface of the first substrate.

[0028] In the light guide device, the length of the first protrusion in the stacking direction can be the largest in the first pattern layer.

[0029] In the light guide device, the length of the first protrusion in the stacking direction can be greater than the length of the pattern in the first pattern layer other than the first protrusion in the stacking direction.

[0030] In the optical guide device, the length of the first protrusion in the stacking direction can be twice or more than twice the length of the nanoscale pattern of the diffraction element in the first pattern layer in the stacking direction.

[0031] In a light guide device, the first protrusion may have an upper surface and an outer surface.

[0032] In the light guide device, the first insulating member can contact the outer surface of the first protrusion.

[0033] In the light guide device, the first insulating member can contact the upper surface of the first protrusion, and at least a portion of the first insulating member can be disposed between the upper surface of the first protrusion and the cover.

[0034] The light guide device may include: a second substrate arranged to be spaced apart from the first substrate; and a second patterned layer disposed on the second substrate.

[0035] The light guide device may further include a second insulating member disposed between the second substrate and the first substrate, wherein the second insulating member may be disposed along the edge of the second substrate.

[0036] In a light guide device, a second patterned layer can be disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate.

[0037] In the light guide device, the second patterned layer may include a second recess extending through at least one region of the second patterned layer or a second protrusion extending toward the first substrate. The second recess or the second protrusion is disposed on the edge of the second patterned layer.

[0038] In the light guide device, the second recess can pass through a region up to the second recess and is arranged to be spaced apart from the second substrate.

[0039] [Beneficial Effects]

[0040] According to the embodiments, a light guide device can be implemented that enhances reliability and prevents degradation of optical performance by forming recesses or protrusions therein. Furthermore, an electronic device including this light guide device can be implemented. The light guide device and the electronic device including it are used for augmented reality, etc.

[0041] Additionally, a light guide device can be implemented that overcomes impact susceptibility by forming an intermediate layer on top of the patterned layer, thereby suppressing the formation of air gaps or the like between the patterned layer and layers above the patterned layer (e.g., substrate or cover). Furthermore, an electronic device incorporating this light guide device can be implemented.

[0042] Furthermore, a light guide device can be implemented that enhances reliability and prevents degradation of optical properties through the use of stepped portions and blocking members. In addition, an electronic device incorporating this light guide device can be implemented.

[0043] The various useful advantages and effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and can be better understood from the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an extended reality electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a perspective view showing an augmented reality electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a view showing the projection device and the light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a view showing the light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of a light guide device according to a first embodiment.

[0049] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0050] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0051] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth example of the light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0052] Figure 9 This is a view showing the sequence of manufacturing a fourth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0053] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view showing a fifth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0054] Figure 11 This is a view showing the sequence of manufacturing a fifth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0055] Figure 12 This is a view showing the projection device and the light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0056] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0057] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0058] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0059] Figure 16 This is a view showing a sequence of manufacturing a third example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0060] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0061] Figure 18 This is a view showing a sequence of manufacturing a fourth example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] However, the inventive concept is not limited to one or a few described embodiments and can be implemented in various different forms. Within the scope of the inventive concept, one or more components of these embodiments can be used through selective coupling and substitution.

[0064] Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly defined and used, the terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in embodiments of this invention may be interpreted as having meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Commonly used terms, such as those defined in dictionaries, may be interpreted as having meanings defined in the context of the related art.

[0065] Furthermore, the terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is used to describe the implementation of the invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the invention.

[0066] Throughout this specification, unless the context clearly specifies otherwise, singular nouns are intended to include their plural forms. In the use of the expression “at least one (or one or more of the following): A, B, or C,” the expression can be interpreted as including one or more possible combinations of A, B, and C, whether individually or collectively.

[0067] In addition, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b) and similar terms can be used to describe the constituent elements according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0068] These terms are used only to distinguish one component from another, and not to impose restrictions on the properties, order, sequence, etc. of these components.

[0069] When a component is described as being "connected to," "coupled to," or "accessible to" another component, it may be directly connected to, directly coupled to, or directly accessible to the other component. Furthermore, it may be connected to, coupled to, or directly accessible to other component with intermediate components in between.

[0070] Furthermore, when a component is described as being formed or arranged "above" or "below" another component, it may be in direct contact with said other component. Additionally, when a component is described as being formed or arranged "above" or "below" another component, it may be formed or arranged to have one or more intermediate component elements therebetween. Furthermore, when a component is described as being above (above) or below (below) another component, the upward and downward directions may be defined relative to the position of one of these components.

[0071] Figure 1This is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an extended reality electronic device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Reference Figure 1 The extended reality electronic device 20 may include a wireless communication unit 21, an input unit 22, a sensing unit 23, an output unit 24, an interface unit 25, a memory 26, a control unit 27, a power supply unit 28, etc. Figure 1 The components shown are not essential for implementing electronic device 20. Electronic device 20 described in this specification may have more or fewer components than those listed above.

[0073] More specifically, among the components listed above, the wireless communication unit 21 may include one or more modules that enable wireless communication between the electronic device 20 and a wireless communication system, between the electronic device 20 and another electronic device, or between the electronic device 20 and an external server. Additionally, the wireless communication unit 21 may include one or more modules that connect the electronic device 20 to one or more networks.

[0074] The wireless communication unit 21 may include at least one of the following: a broadcast receiving module, a mobile communication module, a wireless Internet module, a short-range communication module, or a location information module.

[0075] The input unit 22 may include a camera device or image input unit for inputting image signals, a microphone or audio input unit for inputting audio signals, and a user input unit (e.g., touch keys, buttons (mechanical keys), etc.) for receiving information from the user as input. The voice data or image data collected by the input unit 22 can be analyzed and processed into user control commands.

[0076] The sensing unit 23 may include at least one sensor to sense at least one of the following: internal information of the electronic device 20, information about the surrounding environment of the electronic device 20, or user information.

[0077] For example, the sensing unit 23 may include at least one of the following: proximity sensor, lighting sensor, touch sensor, accelerometer, magnetic sensor, gravity sensor, gyroscope sensor, motion sensor, RGB sensor, infrared (IR) sensor, finger scanning sensor, ultrasonic sensor, optical sensor (e.g., image capture device), microphone, battery gauge, environmental sensor (e.g., barometer, hygrometer, thermometer, radiation detection sensor, thermal sensor, gas sensor, etc.), or chemical sensor (e.g., electronic nose, healthcare sensor, biometric sensor, etc.).

[0078] The electronic device 20 disclosed herein can combine information segments sensed by at least two of these sensors.

[0079] Output unit 24 is used to generate outputs associated with vision, hearing, or touch, and may include at least one of the following: a display unit, a sound output unit, a haptic module, or a light output unit. The display unit is configured to be structurally stacked with or integrally formed with the touch sensor, thereby being implemented as a touchscreen. This touchscreen can serve as a user input device, providing an input interface between the extended reality electronic device 20 and the user, and simultaneously, it can provide an output interface between the extended reality electronic device 20 and the user.

[0080] The interface unit 25 can serve as a path to various types of external devices connected to the electronic device 20. Virtual reality or augmented reality content can be provided from external devices to the electronic device 20 through the interface unit 25, and the electronic device 20 can perform mutual interaction by exchanging various input signals, sensing signals, and data with the external devices.

[0081] For example, interface unit 25 may include at least one of the following: a wired or wireless headphone port, an external charger port, a wired or wireless data port, a memory card port, a port for connecting to a device including an identification module, an audio input / output (I / O) port, a video input / output (I / O) port, or a headphone port.

[0082] Additionally, data supporting various functions of the electronic device 20 is stored in the memory 26. Multiple applications (or programs) executing on the electronic device 20, data for operating the electronic device 20, and commands can be stored in the memory 26. At least one or more of these applications can be downloaded from an external server via wireless communication. At least one or more of these applications can be pre-installed on the electronic device 20 before shipment from the factory to perform basic functions of the electronic device 20 (e.g., answering calls, making calls, receiving messages, and sending messages).

[0083] In addition to controlling operations associated with the application, control unit 27 typically controls the overall operation of electronic device 20. Control unit 27 can process signals, data, information, etc., input or output through the components described above.

[0084] Furthermore, the control unit 27 can control at least one or more of the constituent elements by executing an application program stored in the memory 26. Therefore, the control unit 27 can provide appropriate information to the user or perform functions. Moreover, the control unit 27 can operate at least two of the constituent elements included in the electronic device 20 in combination to execute the application program.

[0085] Additionally, the control unit 27 can use the gyroscope sensor, gravity sensor, motion sensor, and other sensors included in the sensing unit 23 to detect movement of the electronic device 20 or the user. Alternatively, the control unit 27 can also use the proximity sensor, illumination sensor, magnetic sensor, infrared (IR) sensor, ultrasonic sensor, optical sensor, and other sensors included in the sensing unit 23 to detect objects approaching the electronic device 20 or near the user. Furthermore, the control unit 27 can also detect user movement using sensors provided in a controller that operates in conjunction with the electronic device 20.

[0086] In addition, the control unit 27 can use the application stored in the memory 26 to perform the operation (or function) of the electronic device 20.

[0087] Under the control of the control unit 27, external or internal power is supplied to the power supply unit 28, which then distributes the internal or external power to each of the components included in the electronic device 20. The power supply unit 28 may include a battery, which may be provided in a built-in or replaceable form.

[0088] At least two or more of the constituent elements can operate cooperatively with each other to operate or control the electronic device according to the various embodiments described above, or to implement a method for controlling the electronic device 20. Additionally, by executing at least one application program stored in the memory 26, operation or control of the electronic device 20, or a method for controlling the electronic device 20, can be implemented on the electronic device.

[0089] The electronic device 20 according to the present invention will now be described using an embodiment applied to wearable devices (e.g., VR / AR / MR glasses) as an example. However, embodiments of the electronic device 20 according to the present invention may include mobile phones, smartphones, laptop computers, dedicated digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation systems, tablet computers, tablet computers, ultrabook computers, wearable devices, etc. In addition to head-mounted displays (HMDs), wearable devices may also include watch-type terminals (smartwatches), contact lenses, VR / AR / MR glasses, etc.

[0090] Figure 2 This is a perspective view showing an augmented reality electronic device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] like Figure 2As shown, the electronic device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a frame 100, a projection device 200, and a display unit 300.

[0092] The electronic device 20 can be implemented in the form of smart glasses. The electronic device 20, in the form of smart glasses, can be configured to be worn on a person's head, and for this purpose may include a frame (shell, housing, etc.) 100. The frame 100 can be formed from a flexible material in a way that facilitates wearing.

[0093] The frame 100 is supported on a person's head and provides space for mounting various types of components. As shown, electronic components such as a projection device 200, a user input unit 130, or a sound output unit 140 can be mounted on the frame 100. Additionally, a lens positioned in front of at least one of the user's left and right eyes can be removably attached to the frame 100.

[0094] As shown in the accompanying drawings, the frame 100 may take the form of glasses worn on the user's face, but is not limited to this. The frame 100 may also take the form of goggles or a similar configuration worn closely on the user's face.

[0095] Frame 100 may include a front frame 110 and a pair of side frames 120 intersecting the front frame 110, the front frame 110 including at least one opening, the side frames 120 being located at ( Figure 2 They extend parallel to each other in the y direction.

[0096] Frame 100 may have lengths DI in the x-direction and LI in the y-direction that are the same or different from each other.

[0097] The projection device 200 is configured to control various types of electronic components provided in the electronic device 20. The projection device 200 can be used interchangeably with "optical output device", "optical projection device", "optical emission device", "optical device", "projector", etc.

[0098] The projection device 200 can generate an image or image sequence that is visible to a user. The projection device 200 may include an image source panel, multiple lenses, etc. The image source panel generates the image. The multiple lenses diffuse or converge the light generated in the image source panel.

[0099] The projection device 200 can be fixed to any of the side frames 120. For example, the projection device 200 can be fixed to the inside or outside of any side frame 120, or it can be integrally formed within the side frame 120. Alternatively, the projection device 200 can be fixed to the front frame 110, or it can be provided separately from the electronic device 20.

[0100] The display unit 300 can be implemented in the form of VR / AR / MR glasses or a head-mounted display (HMD). An HMD refers to a display technology that makes an image directly visible in front of the user's eyes. The display unit 300 can be arranged to correspond to at least one of the user's left and right eyes, so that when the user wears the electronic device 20, an image is provided directly in front of the user's eyes. This figure shows the display unit 300 positioned in the portion corresponding to the user's right eye, such that the image is output towards the user's right eye. However, the display unit 300 is not limited to the portion described above. The display unit 300 can also be arranged in portions corresponding to the user's right and left eyes respectively.

[0101] The display unit 300 can be configured such that the user visually recognizes the surrounding environment, and simultaneously, the image generated by the projected image 200 is visible to the user. For example, the display unit 300 can use a prism to project the image onto the display area.

[0102] Furthermore, the display unit 300 can be formed of a transparent material, allowing the projected image and the natural field of view (the range of the user's visual perception) in the forward direction to be visible simultaneously. For example, the display unit 300 can be semi-transparent and formed of optical components including eyeglasses. For example, the display unit 300 can be a light guide device or include a light guide device.

[0103] The display unit 300 can then be secured to the front frame 110 by inserting it into an opening included in the front frame 110. Alternatively, the display unit 300 can be secured to the front frame 110 by positioning it on the rear surface of the opening (i.e., between the opening and the user). As an example, the accompanying drawings illustrate the case where the display unit 300 is positioned on the rear surface of the opening and thus secured to the front frame 110. Furthermore, the display unit 300 can be arranged and secured at various locations on the frame 100.

[0104] like Figure 2 As shown, in the electronic device 20, when the projection device 200 directs the image light of an image toward one side of the display unit 300, the image light emitted to the other side through the display portion (300) is also emitted to the other side through the display portion 300. Therefore, the image generated by the projection device 200 can be seen by the user.

[0105] Therefore, the user can view the external environment through the opening in the frame 100 and simultaneously view the image generated by the projection device 200. In other words, the image output by the display unit 300 can be viewed in a way that overlaps with the natural field of view. The electronic device 20 can provide augmented reality (AR), which uses these display features to overlay virtual images onto a real image or background and displays the result as a single image.

[0106] In addition to performing this driving operation, the electronic device can provide the user with the external environment and the image generated by the projection device 200 with a brief time delay imperceptible to humans. For example, in one part of a frame, the external environment is provided to the user, while in another part, the image from the projection device 200 can be provided to the user.

[0107] Alternative locations can also provide both overlap and time delay.

[0108] Additionally, the projection device according to the embodiment may have the structure described below, and is configured to include a waveguide and / or eyeglasses in addition to the structure described above. Furthermore, the projection device 200 may be a digital light processing projector or a digital light processing projection device.

[0109] Figure 3 This is a view showing the projection device 200 and the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 4 This is a view showing the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth example of the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 9 This is a view showing the sequence of manufacturing a fourth example of the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of a fifth example of the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment. Figure 11 This is a view showing the sequence of manufacturing a fifth example of the light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment.

[0110] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the light guide device 300 may include a projection device 200, or may not include a projection device 200.

[0111] First, the projection device 200 according to the embodiment may include a light source unit, a housing, a lens unit, an optical modulator, and a projection lens unit.

[0112] The housing may have a space or a housing recess, in which each component of the projection device 200 is accommodated or arranged. The housing may be located in the outermost part of the projection device 200.

[0113] Furthermore, the housing has an opening on one side. Therefore, each component described above can be assembled via the opening area or surface. The housing can have various shapes. For example, the housing can have a hexahedral structure. Therefore, the projection device 200 according to the embodiment can be easily installed in the electronic device 20. Additionally, the projection device 200 according to the embodiment can be easily miniaturized or made compact.

[0114] The light source unit can be arranged inside the housing. The light source unit can be arranged adjacent to any of the outer surfaces of the housing.

[0115] The light source unit may have at least one light source. Then, in the case of providing multiple light sources, the multiple light sources may emit light with different wavelengths or different colors.

[0116] The lens unit may be configured with at least one optical element (e.g., a lens). The lens unit can collect light. With this configuration, the loss of light emitted from the light source unit can be reduced, and the size of the projection device 200 can be reduced.

[0117] Additionally, the lens unit may include a relay lens, etc., to align or alter the path of light. Furthermore, the lens unit can adjust the size of the illumination provided by the illuminator or the size of the image (the largest area of ​​light) provided by the illuminator, or compensate for optical differences.

[0118] The lens unit may include elements that change the path of light (e.g., prisms, etc.).

[0119] For example, the lens unit may include a total internal reflection prism (TIR prism). As mentioned above, the prism can change the direction of light propagation. That is, the prism can perform both transmission and reflection of light. Using this configuration, the projection device 200 according to the embodiment can be miniaturized.

[0120] An optical modulator can be positioned behind a prism. The optical modulator can redirect light transmitted through the prism back to the prism. The optical modulator can also reflect incident light, thereby projecting an image. For example, the optical modulator can transmit or project video or images based on image signals incident through a substrate, etc. In other words, the optical modulator can modulate light emitted from a light source unit.

[0121] The optical modulator according to the embodiments may include a digital micromirror device (DMD). The optical modulator may include multiple small-sized mirrors. Alternatively, the optical modulator may include various modulation devices, such as LCOS.

[0122] The projection lens unit can be arranged behind the prism. When light emitted from the optical modulator is reflected by the prism, the light emitted from the prism can then enter the projection lens unit. This light can then be projected from the projection lens unit. The projection lens unit can project light emitted from the projection device onto a screen or waveguide (or display unit).

[0123] In an implementation, the projection lens unit can adjust the size of the image in such a way that light is incident within the effective aperture diameter (entrance pupil diameter, EPD) of the waveguide or the like.

[0124] The projection device 200 according to the embodiment may include an illumination system and a projection system (projection system, projection part, reflection unit, etc.).

[0125] An illumination system may include a light source unit, a lens unit, and a prism as components. The illumination system can receive light (illumination light) from the light source and emit light in a predetermined direction. The illumination light can be transmitted or provided to an optical modulator in a projection system.

[0126] The projection system may include a prism, an optical modulator, and a projection lens unit. The projection system may include a prism as a component. In this embodiment, the prism may be a component of both an illumination system and a projection system.

[0127] Furthermore, the projection system may also include the aforementioned lighting system. That is, the projection system can modulate the illumination light generated in the lighting system using an optical modulator, and radiate the modulated illumination light in a predetermined direction through a projection lens unit.

[0128] The optical modulator can reflect illumination light into patterned light, and the patterned light can pass through the projection lens unit and be output from the projection device 200.

[0129] In addition, the output unit of the projection device 200 and the input of the waveguide or optical guide device can be positioned in a manner that corresponds to each other.

[0130] According to an embodiment, the light guide device 300 may include a projection device 200, a substrate, and a diffraction element (diffraction element region). Alternatively, the light guide device 300 may include a substrate and a diffraction element (diffraction element region). Furthermore, the light guide device 300 may include an optical component 330. The diffraction element (diffraction element region) may be configured as at least one of the following types: transmissive or reflective. For example, if the diffraction element is transparent, the diffraction element region may be positioned on the surface of the substrate adjacent to the projector. If the diffraction element is reflective, the diffraction element region may be positioned on the surface of the substrate away from the projector. Furthermore, multiple diffraction element regions may exist on a single substrate, and each diffraction element region may be configured as one of the following types: reflective or transmissive.

[0131] The light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment may include a first substrate 311 and a first diffraction element portion (indicated by a combination of 312, 313, and 314). Furthermore, the light guide device 300 according to the embodiment may include a projection device (hereinafter referred to as a "projector") 200. As described above, the light guide device 300 may have a structure separate from the projector 200.

[0132] The first diffraction element portion according to the embodiment may have multiple diffraction element regions. The first diffraction element portion may be disposed on the first substrate 311 and may have a nanoscale pattern. Therefore, the first diffraction element portion may be referred to as a "first pattern layer", "first pattern", etc. The first diffraction element portion is described below interchangeably with the first pattern layer.

[0133] Various techniques can be used to form the diffraction element portion. For example, the first diffraction element portion can be formed on a substrate by deposition.

[0134] Therefore, the first diffraction element portion can diffract and thus guide light incident from the projector 200. For example, the first diffraction element portion may include a first diffraction element region 312 and a second diffraction element region 314. Furthermore, the first diffraction element portion may include a third diffraction element region 313 positioned between the first diffraction element region 312 and the second diffraction element region 314. The first diffraction element region 312 may correspond to an "ingress coupler." The second diffraction element region 314 may correspond to an "outgress coupler." The third diffraction element region 313 may correspond to a folded grating.

[0135] The light guide device 300 can change the path of light output from and incident on the light output unit, and guide the light back to the outside. Light can sequentially be incident on the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314, and then guided back to the outside. The direction in which the light is incident on the light guide device 300 can be a first direction. The first direction can refer to the incident direction or the opposite direction.

[0136] In this embodiment, the first substrate 311 can guide light emitted from the projector 200. The first substrate 311 can serve as the path along which the light propagates. A first diffraction element region 312, a third diffraction element region 313, and a second diffraction element region 314 can be arranged on the first substrate 311. Light can be totally internally reflected within the first substrate 311 and propagate along the interior of the first substrate 311. The first substrate 311 can be a waveguide.

[0137] The first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314 can be arranged spaced apart from each other on the first substrate 311. The first substrate 311 can extend in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of light incidence. The first substrate 311 can have a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.0.

[0138] The first diffraction element region 312 can guide light in a manner that allows light to be incident on the first substrate 311. That is, the first diffraction element region 312 can be used to guide light. Alternatively, the first diffraction element region 312 can receive light. That is, the first diffraction element region 312 can be used to guide light in a manner that allows light to be incident on the first substrate 311.

[0139] Additionally, the first diffraction element region 312 can be disposed on the first substrate 311. Light can be incident from the outside or from the projector 200 through the first diffraction element region 312 onto the light guide device 300, and then transmitted along the first substrate 311 to the second diffraction element region 314 and the third diffraction element region 313. The first diffraction element region 312 can diffract light, thereby changing the path of the light.

[0140] The third diffraction element region 313 can be used to change the path of light. The third diffraction element region 313 can be disposed on the first substrate 311. The third diffraction element region 313 can change the path of light incident through the first diffraction element region 312. The third diffraction element region 313 can change the path of light, thereby guiding the light toward the second diffraction element region 314. The third diffraction element region 313 can diffract light, thereby changing the path of light.

[0141] The second diffraction element region 314 can be used to guide light in a manner that allows light to be emitted to the outside (e.g., to a user). The second diffraction element region 314 can be disposed on the first substrate 311. Light can be emitted from the light guide device 300 through the second diffraction element region 314. Light with a altered path can be transmitted from the third diffraction element region 313 to the second diffraction element region 314, and the second diffraction element region 314 can emit light to the outside. The second diffraction element region 314 can alter the path of light and emit light to the outside. The second diffraction element region 314 can diffract light, thereby altering the path of light. The second diffraction element region 314 can be arranged to be spaced apart from the first diffraction element region 312. The second diffraction element region 314 can emit light.

[0142] The first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314 may include multiple protrusions. Each of the protrusions, having a predetermined width, period, and height, may be arranged above the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314. The multiple protrusions may protrude from the top of the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314 along a first direction (the stacking direction or the direction opposite to the stacking direction). The multiple protrusions may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other along the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusions. Light passes through the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314, and the path of the light can then vary according to the width, period, and height of the multiple protrusions. The width of a protrusion may refer to its width in the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusion. The period of the protrusion can refer to the gap between one side surface of the protrusion and one side surface of an adjacent protrusion in the direction of the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusion. The height of the protrusion can refer to the height of the portion of the protrusion that protrudes in the first direction. The protrusions can be arranged in a manner having a predetermined pattern.

[0143] In this embodiment, the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314 may be formed of the same material or different materials. For example, the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314 may be formed of the same material. The first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314 may have a refractive index of 1.7 to 2.7.

[0144] Furthermore, the contours (boundary regions) of the first diffraction element region 312 and the third diffraction element region 313 do not overlap. If the two contours overlap, a portion of the light will be incident from the third diffraction element region 313 onto the second diffraction element region 314. Therefore, an image cannot be emitted from the second diffraction element region 314. Efficiency decreases when the contours (boundary regions) of the first diffraction element region 312 and the third diffraction element region 313 overlap. Therefore, it is desirable that the contours (boundary regions) of the first diffraction element region 312 and the third diffraction element region 313 do not overlap.

[0145] The third diffraction element region 313 according to the embodiment may include a first region 313a and a second region 1320. The first region 313a is adjacent to the second diffraction element region 314. The second region 1320 is adjacent to the first region 313a and spaced apart from the second diffraction element region 314.

[0146] The first region 313a and the second region 1320 can refer to a region of the third diffraction element region 313. When the third diffraction element region 313 is observed in the stack (or first direction) of the incident light signal, the first region 313a and the second region 313b can be two regions generated by division. The first region 313a can be a region of the third diffraction element region 313 adjacent to the second diffraction element region 314. The first region 313a can be a region of the third diffraction element region 313 adjacent to the first diffraction element region 312. The second region 313b can be a region of the third diffraction element region 313 spaced apart from the second diffraction element region 314. The second region 313b can be a region of the third diffraction element region 313 spaced apart from the first diffraction element region 312. The spacing between the first region 313a and the second diffraction element region 314 can be smaller than the spacing between the second region 313b and the second diffraction element region 314. The first region 313a and the second region 313b can have different shapes and areas. The first region 313a and the second region 313b may each have multiple surfaces. One surface of the first region 313a and one surface of the second region 313b may be in contact with each other.

[0147] The first region 313a includes a first pattern, and the first pattern includes a first protrusion extending in a first direction. The second region 313b includes a second pattern, and includes a second protrusion extending in the first direction. The first and second protrusions may be portions extending from the first region 313a and the second region 313b respectively in the first direction. The first direction may be the direction in which light from the projector is incident on the first diffraction element region 312. The first direction may refer to the direction of light incident or the opposite direction. The first direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the first substrate 311.

[0148] First and second protrusions, each having a predetermined period, width, and height, can be repeatedly arranged on the first region 313a and the second region 313b, respectively. The plurality of first protrusions can be arranged perpendicular to the first direction and spaced apart from each other in the vector direction of the first region 313a of the third diffraction element region 313. The plurality of second protrusions can be arranged perpendicular to the first direction and spaced apart from each other in the vector direction of the second region 313b of the third diffraction element region 313.

[0149] Furthermore, the first diffraction element region 312, the second diffraction element region 314, and the third diffraction element region 313 can be connected to or spaced apart from each other. For example, at least one of the following—the first diffraction element region 312, the second diffraction element region 314, or the third diffraction element region 313—can have portions interconnected between patterns. With this configuration, the first diffraction element region 312, the second diffraction element region 314, and the third diffraction element region 313 can be easily manufactured. Additionally, at least one of the following—the first diffraction element region 312, the second diffraction element region 314, or the third diffraction element region 313—can be formed to be spaced apart from other regions. That is, the first diffraction element region 312, the second diffraction element region 314, and the third diffraction element region 313 may not have portions connected to other regions. Therefore, the transmission of light other than pattern diffraction can be suppressed, thereby improving accuracy, efficiency, and similar parameters.

[0150] Optical component 330 can be disposed above the first substrate 311, the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314. Optical component 330 can be disposed adjacent to the projector 200 above the first substrate 311, the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314. Light can pass through optical component 330 and then be incident on the first diffraction element region 312. Optical component 330 can have the effect of protecting the interior of the light guide device 300. Optical component 330 can have a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.55. Optical component 330 can have, for example, a refractive index of approximately 1.5. Optical component 330 can be referred to as a "cover," "cover glass," etc.

[0151] Furthermore, the stacking direction (first direction) in the light guide device 300 according to each embodiment is described below as the S-axis direction shown. The stacking direction (S-axis direction) may correspond to the direction from the first substrate 311 toward the cover 330, or the direction from the second substrate 321 toward the first substrate 311 or the cover 330.

[0152] Reference Figure 5 The light guide device 300 according to the first embodiment may include a first substrate 311, a first pattern layer PT1 on the first substrate 311, a cover 330 above the first pattern layer PT1, and a first insulating member IM1 disposed between the cover 330 and the first substrate 311. Except as described below, the above description can be applied in the same manner.

[0153] According to an embodiment, the first pattern layer PT1 may include a first recess RS1 extending through at least one region of the first pattern layer PT1, or a first protrusion PR extending toward the cover 330 (see reference). Figure 7 A first recess RB1 or a first protrusion PR is disposed on the edge of the first pattern layer PT1. In this example, the first pattern layer PT1 may include a first recess RS1 disposed on the edge of the first pattern layer PT1. The first recess RS1 may pass through the first pattern layer PT1.

[0154] In this example, the first recess RS1 can pass through the first pattern layer PT1 and further through a region of the first substrate 311. Therefore, the first substrate 311 can be exposed through the first recess RS1.

[0155] The first insulating member IM1 can be arranged along the edge of the first substrate 311 or the cover 330. Specifically, a portion of the first insulating member IM1 can be inserted into the first recess RS1. Therefore, a portion of the first insulating member IM1 can be arranged in the first recess RS1. Thus, the first insulating member IM1 can overlap with the entire first patterned layer PT1 in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0156] Furthermore, in the stacking direction (S-axis direction), the bottom surface ES of the first recess RS1 can be positioned at a lower height than the upper surface of the first substrate 311. In other words, the bottom surface ES of the first recess RS1 can be positioned below the upper surface of the first substrate 311 (the surface in contact with the first pattern layer PT1). Additionally, the depth d1 of the first recess RS1 can be greater than the depth d2 of the first pattern layer PT1 through which the first recess RS1 passes.

[0157] In addition, at least a portion of the first insulating member IM1 may overlap with the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction.

[0158] The length or thickness d3 of the first insulating member IM1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the depth d1 of the first recess RS1 or the depth d2 of the first pattern layer PT1 through which the first recess RS1 passes.

[0159] With this configuration, the first insulating member IM1 cannot overflow inward and cover the first patterned layer PT1. Therefore, the degradation of the optical properties maintained by the first patterned layer PT1 as a diffraction element can be suppressed.

[0160] Furthermore, the first insulating member IM1 can prevent foreign matter from being introduced into the first patterned layer PT1. Additionally, when the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 are coupled, the first insulating member IM1 can further enhance the bonding force between them. Therefore, the structural reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced.

[0161] Additionally, for example, the gap between the first patterned layer PT1 and the cover can be in the range of 40 μm to 60 μm. The lengths of the first substrate 311 and the first patterned layer PT1 in the stacking direction can be in the range of 400 μm to 600 μm. These parameters can also be applied in the same manner to the second patterned layer PT2, the second substrate 321, and the first substrate 311 described below.

[0162] Reference Figure 6According to the second example, the light guide device 300 may include a first substrate 311, a first patterned layer PT1 on the first substrate 311, a cover 330 above the first patterned layer PT1, and a first insulating member IM1 disposed between the cover 330 and the first substrate 311. As mentioned above, the contents described above may be applied in the same manner except as described below.

[0163] According to this example, the first pattern layer PT1 may include a first recess RS1 disposed on the edge of the first pattern layer PT1 and extending through a region of the first pattern layer PT1.

[0164] In this example, the first recess RS1 can pass through a region up to the first pattern layer PT1, so a portion of the first pattern layer PT1 can be exposed through the first recess RS1.

[0165] The first insulating member IM1 can be arranged along the edge of the first substrate 311 or the cover 330. Specifically, a portion of the first insulating member IM1 can be inserted into the first recess RS1. Therefore, a portion of the first insulating member IM1 can be arranged in the first recess RS1. Thus, the first insulating member IM1 can overlap with a portion of the first patterned layer PT1 in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (S-axis direction). A portion of the first patterned layer PT1 and the first insulating member IM1 can also not overlap each other in the horizontal direction.

[0166] However, the first insulating member IM1 can be disposed on the first substrate 311. The bottom surface ES of the first recess RS1 can be positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate 311. That is, in the stacking direction (S-axis direction), the bottom surface ES of the first recess RS1 can be positioned at a higher height than the upper surface of the first substrate 311. In other words, the bottom surface ES of the first recess RS1 can be positioned at a higher height than the upper surface of the first substrate 311 (the surface in contact with the first pattern layer PT1).

[0167] In addition, the depth d1' of the first recess RS1 can be less than the thickness d2' of the first pattern layer PT1 through which the first recess RS1 passes.

[0168] Furthermore, the first insulating member IM1 may not overlap with the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction. In other words, the first insulating member IM1 may be positioned in a manner that is not aligned with the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction.

[0169] The length or thickness d3' of the first insulating member IM1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the depth d1' of the first recess RS1.

[0170] With this configuration, the first insulating member IM1 cannot overflow inward and cover the first patterned layer PT1. Therefore, the degradation of the optical properties maintained by the first patterned layer PT1 as a diffraction element can be suppressed.

[0171] Furthermore, the first insulating member IM1 can prevent foreign matter from being introduced into the first patterned layer PT1. Additionally, when the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 are coupled, the first insulating member IM1 can further enhance the bonding force between them. Therefore, the structural reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced.

[0172] Furthermore, since the first substrate 311 is not exposed through the first recess RS1, any influence on the guidance of light through the first substrate 311 can be suppressed. Therefore, light efficiency can also be enhanced.

[0173] Furthermore, in the first and second embodiments, only the structure in which the first insulating member IM1 is inserted into the first recess RS1 and extends from the first recess RS1 toward the cover 330 is shown. However, the first insulating member IM1 may also be arranged in a region that does not overlap with the first recess RS1 in the stacking direction. For example, the first insulating member IM1 may also be present inside or outside the first recess RS1.

[0174] Reference Figure 7 According to the third example, the light guide device 300 may include a first substrate 311, a first patterned layer PT1 on the first substrate 311, a cover 330 above the first patterned layer PT1, and a first insulating member IM1 disposed between the cover 330 and the first substrate 311. The above description may be applied in the same manner, except as described below.

[0175] According to an embodiment, the first patterned layer PT1 may include a first protrusion PR1 disposed on the edge of the first patterned layer PT1 and extending toward the cover 330. In this example, the first patterned layer PT1 may include the first protrusion PR1 disposed on the edge of the first patterned layer PT1, instead of the recess described above. The first protrusion PR1 may extend as part of the first patterned layer PT1 along the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0176] In the first pattern layer PT1, the first protrusion PR1 can have a maximum length in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). For example, the length d4 of the first protrusion PR1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the length d5 ​​of the pattern in the first pattern layer PT1 other than the first protrusion PR1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). With this configuration, when the first insulating member IM1 is dispensed, the first insulating member IM1 cannot overflow and cover the inwardly positioned pattern in the first pattern layer PT1. Therefore, the degradation of the optical properties maintained by the first pattern layer PT1 as a diffraction element can be suppressed.

[0177] Furthermore, the first insulating member IM1 and the first protrusion PR1 positioned outward from the first protrusion PR1 can suppress the introduction of foreign matter into the first pattern layer PT1.

[0178] Furthermore, when coupling the first substrate 311 and the cover 330, the first protrusion PR1 and the first insulating member IM1 can further enhance the bonding force between them. Therefore, the structural reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced.

[0179] Specifically, the first protrusion PR1 can be disposed on the edge of the first patterned layer PT1, and thus also on the top edge of the first substrate 311. The length d4 of the first protrusion PR1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be twice or more than twice the length d5 ​​of the nanoscale pattern of the diffraction element in the first patterned layer PT1 in the stacking direction. Therefore, the force suppressing the distribution of insulating members, etc., can be further enhanced.

[0180] Additionally, the first protrusion PR1 may have an upper surface PUS and an outer surface POS. The upper surface PUS of the first protrusion PR1 may contact the cover 330. For example, the upper surface PUS of the first protrusion PR1 may be adjacent to the lower surface of the cover 330. Alternatively, the upper surface PUS of the first protrusion PR1 may be arranged to be spaced apart from the cover 330.

[0181] The outer surface POS of the first protrusion PR1 can contact the first insulating member IM1. The first insulating member IM1 can be positioned adjacent to the first protrusion PR1. The first insulating member IM1 can be positioned on the outside of the first protrusion PR1. The contact between the first insulating member IM1 and the outer surface POS of the first protrusion PR1 can more effectively prevent foreign objects from being introduced into the inwardly positioned first pattern layer PT1.

[0182] Additionally, the first insulating member IM1 contacts the outer surface POS of the first protrusion PR1. Furthermore, a portion of the first insulating member IM1 may also contact the upper surface PUS of the first protrusion PR1. That is, at least a portion of the first insulating member IM1 may be positioned between the upper surface PUS of the first protrusion PR1 and the cover 330. Therefore, at least a portion of the first insulating member IM1 may contact the first protrusion PR1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). The first insulating member IM1 may overlap with the first protrusion PR1 in the horizontal direction. This configuration enhances the bonding force between the first protrusion PR1 and the cover 330 and fills the gap, such as space, between the first protrusion PR1 and the cover 330. Therefore, the first insulating member IM1, such as epoxy resin, cannot be introduced into the first pattern layer PT1 without contaminating each pattern of the first pattern layer PT1. Therefore, a reduction in optical performance can be suppressed. The following description is provided under the assumption that the first protrusion PR1 contacts the cover 330 as shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0183] Furthermore, as a modification example, the aforementioned first recess can be positioned either inward or outward from the first protrusion PR1. When the first recess RS1 is positioned inward from the first protrusion PR1, the first insulating member IM1 can be positioned outward from both the first recess RS1 and the first protrusion PR1 without being inserted into the first recess RS1. Therefore, the introduction of a first insulating member IM1, such as epoxy resin, into the first patterned layer PT1 can be effectively and maximally suppressed.

[0184] Furthermore, the first recess RS1 can be positioned outward from the first protrusion PR1. In this case, as described above, the first insulating member IM1 can be positioned within the first recess RS1. Alternatively, the first insulating member IM1 can be positioned outward from the first recess RS1. In this situation, the first recess RS1 can be positioned between the first protrusion PR1 and the first insulating member IM1. In other words, the first protrusion PR1, the first recess RS1, and the first insulating member IM1 can be sequentially positioned outward.

[0185] This configuration can minimize the introduction of foreign objects or insulating components into the first pattern layer PT1.

[0186] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 According to the fourth example, the light guide device 300 may include a first substrate 311, a first pattern layer PT1 on the first substrate 311, and a cover 330 above the first pattern layer PT1.

[0187] Furthermore, the light guide device 300 may include a first intermediate layer ML1 disposed on the first pattern layer PT1 and a blocking member BM positioned outward from the first intermediate layer ML1. Except as described below, the above description can be applied in the same manner.

[0188] According to the implementation, the first intermediate layer ML1 can be positioned between the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 or between the first pattern layer PT1 and the cover 330.

[0189] Additionally, as described above, the first substrate 311 may include the aforementioned first recess RS1 or first protrusion PR1 on the edge of the first substrate 311.

[0190] The first intermediate layer ML1 and the first pattern layer PT1 can be positioned inward relative to the first substrate 311 and the cover 330. For example, the first intermediate layer ML1 and the first pattern layer PT1 can be positioned inward relative to the outermost surfaces of both the first substrate 311 and the cover 330. That is, the outermost surfaces of the first intermediate layer ML1 and the first pattern layer PT1 can be positioned inward relative to the outermost surfaces of both the first substrate 311 and the cover 330. At least a portion of the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 may not overlap with the first intermediate layer ML1 or the first pattern layer PT1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0191] Furthermore, the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 may include a first stepped portion ST1, which is a groove formed inward from the edge of the first substrate 311 and the edge of the cover 330, respectively. For example, the first stepped portion ST1 may be positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate 311 or the lower surface of the cover 330.

[0192] Correspondingly, when the blocking member BM is arranged outward from the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330, the blocking member BM may have an inwardly protruding or extending protrusion PB. The protrusion PB may be positioned on the first step portion ST1 and contact the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330. The protrusion PB may overlap with the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0193] This configuration enhances the bonding strength between the blocking member BM and each of the other components (first substrate 311, first patterned layer PT1, first intermediate layer ML1, and cover 330). It also enhances the reliability of the light guide device 300 according to the embodiment.

[0194] Furthermore, the blocking member BM can be formed of a light-blocking material or the like, and is positioned outward from the light guide device 300. Therefore, the blocking member BM can cover the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 positioned inward from the blocking member BM. At least a portion of the blocking member BM can overlap with the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 in the horizontal direction. For example, the blocking member BM can overlap with all of the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 in the horizontal direction.

[0195] Furthermore, as an implementation, the refractive index of the cover 330 can be greater than or less than the refractive index of the first intermediate layer ML1. The refractive index of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be less than the refractive index of the first substrate 311. Since the difference in refractive index between the first intermediate layer ML1 and the cover 330 increases, the efficiency of light guiding can be enhanced. With this configuration, the light guiding device 300 can effectively perform light guiding. For example, the first intermediate layer ML1 can have a refractive index of 1 to 1.2.

[0196] Furthermore, the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be formed along the upper surface of the first pattern layer PT1. That is, the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can contact the upper surface of the first pattern layer PT1, and the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can also be formed in a shape corresponding to the upper surface of the first pattern layer PT1. Unlike the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1, the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be flat. The upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can contact the lower surface of the cover 330. Therefore, the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can have a lower roughness than its lower surface. That is, the unevenness of the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be less than the unevenness of its lower surface. Therefore, the formation of air gaps can be reduced, and easy stacking of the upper substrate or other components can be achieved.

[0197] Furthermore, the length or height of the first intermediate layer ML1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the length or height of the first pattern layer PT1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). For example, the length or height of the first intermediate layer ML1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be 50 times or greater than that length or height of the first pattern layer PT1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). With this configuration, the first intermediate layer ML1 can ensure that there are no air gaps or similar voids between the first pattern layer PT1 and the cover 330. Therefore, it can prevent susceptibility to impacts. In addition, since the first intermediate layer ML1 is arranged between the first pattern layer PT1 and the cover 330, the first pattern layer PT1 cannot be exposed to air, etc., and is thus protected by the first intermediate layer ML1. Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced. Furthermore, starting from the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 are stacked sequentially in the stacking direction. Therefore, there are no gaps, such as empty spaces. Therefore, both bonding strength and durability can be enhanced.

[0198] A first intermediate layer ML1 is disposed on a first patterned layer PT1, which is disposed on a first substrate 311. Therefore, a portion of the first intermediate layer ML1 may overlap with the first patterned layer PT1 in the horizontal direction. Alternatively, a portion of the first intermediate layer ML1 may not overlap with the first patterned layer PT1 in the horizontal direction.

[0199] Furthermore, the first intermediate layer ML1 may not overlap with the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction. That is, the first intermediate layer ML1 may be positioned in a manner that is not aligned with the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction.

[0200] The method of manufacturing the light guide device 300 may include: a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a patterned layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the patterned layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of forming a cover and forming a blocking member.

[0201] First, when manufacturing the light guide device 300, a substrate can be prepared. The following description assumes a first substrate 311. The first substrate 311 can be prepared, and a first pattern layer PT1 can be formed on the first substrate 311. At this time, a first step portion ST1 can be formed outward from the first substrate 311 by etching or the like. After the first step portion ST1 is formed on the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1 can be formed. Alternatively, after forming the first pattern layer PT1 on the first substrate 311, the first step portion ST1 can be formed by removing a portion of the first substrate 311 and a portion of the first pattern layer PT1.

[0202] Then, a first intermediate layer ML1 can be formed on the first patterned layer PT1. The first intermediate layer ML1 can be formed by deposition, spin coating, etc. The unevenness of each of the upper and lower surfaces of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be similar to the unevenness of the upper surface of the first patterned layer PT1.

[0203] Planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1. For example, various techniques can be used to perform planarization on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1. For example, planarization can be performed using chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0204] Then, a cover 330 can be formed over the first intermediate layer ML1, and a blocking member BM can be formed on the side surface of the first intermediate layer ML1. As described above, the blocking member BM may include a protrusion disposed on the first stepped portion ST1.

[0205] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 11 According to the fifth example, the light guide device 300 may include a first substrate 311, a first pattern layer PT1 on the first substrate 311, and a cover 330 above the first pattern layer PT1.

[0206] Furthermore, the light guide device 300 may include a first intermediate layer ML1 disposed on the first pattern layer PT1 and a blocking member BM positioned outward from the first intermediate layer ML1. Except as described below, the above description can be applied in the same manner.

[0207] According to the implementation, the first intermediate layer ML1 can be positioned between the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 or between the first pattern layer PT1 and the cover 330.

[0208] Additionally, as described above, the first substrate 311 may include the aforementioned first recess RS1 or first protrusion PR1 on the edge of the first substrate 311.

[0209] The first intermediate layer ML1 and the first pattern layer PT1 can be positioned inward relative to the blocking member BM. For example, the first intermediate layer ML1 and the first pattern layer PT1 can be positioned inward relative to the outermost surface of the blocking member BM.

[0210] The first substrate 311 and the cover 33 may overlap with the first intermediate layer ML1 and the first pattern layer PT1 in the stacking direction. For example, the first substrate 311 and the cover 33 may not have any areas that do not overlap with the first intermediate layer ML1 and the first pattern layer PT1.

[0211] Furthermore, the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 can contact the blocking member BM without the aforementioned first step portion. Correspondingly, the blocking member BM, arranged outward from the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330, can contact the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330. The blocking member BM can contact each of the outer surfaces of the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330, and overlaps with each of the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, the blocking member BM can also overlap with the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 positioned on the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction. However, descriptions of the constituent elements on the first substrate 311 and other constituent elements stacked on top of each other are omitted.

[0212] With this configuration, the other components (first substrate 311, first patterned layer PT1, first intermediate layer ML1, and cover 330) can be protected and coupled to them via the blocking member BM. Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device 300 according to the embodiment can be enhanced.

[0213] Furthermore, the blocking member BM can be formed of a light-blocking material or the like, and positioned outward from the light guide device 300. Therefore, the blocking member BM can cover the first substrate 311, the first pattern layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 positioned inward from the blocking member BM.

[0214] Furthermore, as an implementation, the refractive index of the cover 330 can be greater than or less than the refractive index of the first intermediate layer ML1. The refractive index of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be less than the refractive index of the first substrate 311. Since the difference in refractive index between the first intermediate layer ML1 and the cover 330 increases, the efficiency of light guiding can be enhanced. With this configuration, the light guiding device 300 can effectively perform light guiding. For example, the first intermediate layer ML1 can have a refractive index of 1 to 1.2.

[0215] Furthermore, the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be formed along the upper surface of the first pattern layer PT1. That is, the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can contact the upper surface of the first pattern layer PT1, and the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can also be formed in a shape corresponding to the upper surface of the first pattern layer PT1. Unlike the lower surface of the first intermediate layer ML1, the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be flat. The upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can contact the lower surface of the cover 330. Therefore, the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1 can have a lower roughness than its lower surface.

[0216] Furthermore, the length or height of the first intermediate layer ML1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the length or height of the first pattern layer PT1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). For example, the length or height of the first intermediate layer ML1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be 50 times or greater than that length or height of the first pattern layer PT1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). With this configuration, the first intermediate layer ML1 ensures that there are no air gaps or similar voids between the first pattern layer PT1 and the cover 330. Therefore, it can prevent susceptibility to impacts. Moreover, since the first intermediate layer ML1 is arranged between the first pattern layer PT1 and the cover 330, the first pattern layer PT1 cannot be exposed to air, etc., and is thus protected by the first intermediate layer ML1. Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced. Furthermore, the first pattern layer PT1 is first formed on the first substrate 311, and then the first intermediate layer ML1 and the cover 330 are sequentially stacked on top of each other on the first substrate 311 in the stacking direction. Therefore, there are no gaps, such as empty spaces. Therefore, both bonding strength and durability can be enhanced.

[0217] Furthermore, the first substrate 311 and the cover 330 may not overlap with the first intermediate layer ML1 or the first pattern layer PT1 in the horizontal direction. The first intermediate layer ML1 may not overlap with the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction. That is, the first intermediate layer ML1 may be positioned in a manner that is not aligned with the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction.

[0218] The method of manufacturing the light guide device 300 may include: a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a patterned layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the patterned layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of forming a cover and then forming a blocking member.

[0219] First, when manufacturing the light guide device 300, a substrate can be prepared. The following description is provided under the assumption of a first substrate 311. The first substrate 311 can be prepared, and a first pattern layer PT1 can be formed on the first substrate 311.

[0220] Then, a first intermediate layer ML1 can be formed on top of the first pattern layer PT1. The unevenness of each of the upper and lower surfaces of the first intermediate layer ML1 can be similar to the unevenness of the upper surface of the first pattern layer PT1.

[0221] Planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1. For example, various techniques can be used to perform planarization on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer ML1. For example, planarization can be performed using chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0222] A cover 330 can be formed above the first intermediate layer ML1, and a blocking member BM can be formed on the side surface of the first substrate 311, the side surface of the first pattern layer PT1, the side surface of the first intermediate layer ML1, and the side surface of the cover 330.

[0223] Figure 12 This is a view showing the projection device and the light guide device according to the second embodiment. Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment. Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment. Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view showing a third example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment. Figure 16 This is a view showing a sequence of manufacturing a third example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment. Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment. Figure 18 This is a view showing a sequence of manufacturing a fourth example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0224] Reference Figure 12 According to the second embodiment, the light guide device 300 may include a first substrate 311 and a first diffraction element portion (indicated by a combination of 312, 313, and 314). Furthermore, the light guide device 300 may include a projector 200. Alternatively, the projector 200 may be separate from the light guide device 300. Except as described below, the above description applies to both the projector 200 and the light guide device 300.

[0225] In this embodiment, the light guide device 300 includes the first substrate 311, the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314 described above. In addition to these, the light guide device 300 may also include a second substrate 321 and a second diffraction element portion (indicated by a combination of 322, 323, and 324). The second diffraction element portion may be referred to as a "second pattern layer," "second pattern," etc.

[0226] That is, the light guide device 300 according to this embodiment includes a first substrate 311, a first diffraction element region 312, a third diffraction element region 313, a second diffraction element region 314, a second substrate 321, a fourth diffraction element region 322, a sixth diffraction element region 323, and a fifth diffraction element region 324.

[0227] The second substrate 321, the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 may be arranged below the first substrate 311 or on the lower surface of the first substrate 311. For example, the second substrate 321 may be arranged to be separate from the lower surface of the first substrate 311.

[0228] The second substrate 321, the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 can be arranged on the first substrate 311 in a manner spaced apart from the projector 200. The second substrate 321, the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 can overlap with the first substrate 311 along the first direction of light incidence. The fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 can be arranged between the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321.

[0229] An optical component or cover 330 may be disposed above the first substrate 311, the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314. The optical component 330 may be disposed adjacent to the projector 200 above the first substrate 311, the first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, and the second diffraction element region 314. Light may pass through the optical component 330 and then be incident on the first diffraction element region 312. The optical component 330 may have the effect of protecting the interior of the light guide device 300. The optical component 330 may have a refractive index of approximately 1.5.

[0230] The second substrate 321 can serve as the path along which light propagates. A fourth diffraction element region 322, a sixth diffraction element region 323, and a fifth diffraction element region 324 can be disposed on the second substrate 321. Light can undergo total internal reflection from within the second substrate 321 and propagate along its interior. The second substrate 321 may include a waveguide. The fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 can be disposed on the second substrate 321 in a spaced-apart manner. The second substrate 321 can be disposed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of light incidence. The first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 can have a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.0.

[0231] The fourth diffraction element region 322 can be used as the path along which light is incident.

[0232] The fourth diffraction element region 322 can be disposed on the second substrate 321. Light can be incident on the fourth diffraction element region 322 and transmitted through the second substrate 321. The fourth diffraction element region 322 can diffract light, thereby changing the path of the light.

[0233] The sixth diffraction element region 323 can be used to change the path of light. The sixth diffraction element region 323 can be disposed on the second substrate 321. The sixth diffraction element region 323 can change the path of light incident through the fourth first diffraction element region 322. The sixth diffraction element region 323 can change the path of light, thereby directing the light towards the fifth diffraction element region 324. The sixth diffraction element region 323 can diffract light, thereby changing the path of light.

[0234] The fifth diffraction element region 324 can be used as a path for the emitted light. The fifth diffraction element region 324 can be disposed on the second substrate 321. Light can be emitted from the light guide device 300 through the fifth diffraction element region 324. Light with a altered path can be transmitted from the sixth diffraction element region 323 to the fifth diffraction element region 324, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 can emit light to the outside. The fifth diffraction element region 324 can alter the path of light and emit light to the outside. The fifth diffraction element region 325 can diffract light, thereby altering the path of light.

[0235] The first diffraction element region 312 is the first input diffraction element to which light is incident, the third diffraction element region 314 is the first transmission diffraction element that transmits light to the desired path, and the second diffraction element region 313 from which light is emitted is the first emission diffraction element.

[0236] The fourth diffraction element region 322 is the second input diffraction element to which light is incident, the sixth diffraction element region 324 is the second transmission diffraction element that transmits light to the desired path, and the fifth diffraction element region 323 is the second emission diffraction element from which light is emitted.

[0237] The fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 may include multiple protrusions. Multiple protrusions, each having a predetermined width, length, and height, may be arranged on the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324. The multiple protrusions may protrude from the top of the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 along a first direction. The multiple protrusions may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusions in the first direction. Light passes through the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324. The path of the light can then vary according to the width, period, and height of the multiple protrusions. The width of a protrusion may refer to its width in the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusions. The period of the protrusion can refer to the gap between one side surface of the protrusion and one side surface of an adjacent protrusion in the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusion. The height of the protrusion can refer to the height of the portion of the protrusion that protrudes in the first direction. The first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, the second diffraction element region 314, the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 can have a refractive index of 1.7 to 2.7. The first diffraction element region 312, the third diffraction element region 313, the second diffraction element region 314, the fourth diffraction element region 322, the sixth diffraction element region 323, and the fifth diffraction element region 324 can have the same refractive index as the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 or a higher refractive index than the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321.

[0238] Furthermore, as described above, depending on whether the diffraction element is of the transmission or reflection type, the diffraction element can be positioned on the upper or lower surface of the first substrate 311. For example, the first diffraction element region can be on the lower surface of the first substrate 311 (the first surface, that is, the surface not facing the projector 200). Additionally, optical components can be positioned between the projector 200 and the first substrate 311.

[0239] Solidified and insulating components (intermediate layers or barrier components) can be stacked between the first substrate and its upper components and the second substrate and its upper components.

[0240] The second substrate 321 can guide the light transmitted by the first substrate 311. For example, the light guided by the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 can differ in wavelength or band (e.g., center wavelength).

[0241] Reference Figure 13The light guide device 300 may include a first substrate 311, a first patterned layer PT1, a cover 330, and a first insulating member IM1. The above description may apply in the same manner, except as described below.

[0242] In addition, the light guide device 300 includes the first substrate 311, the first patterned layer PT1, the cover 330, and the first insulating member IM1 described above. Besides these, the light guide device 300 may also include a second substrate 321, a second patterned layer PT2, and a second insulating member IM2.

[0243] The second substrate 321 can be arranged to be spaced apart from the first substrate 311. For example, the second substrate 321 can be positioned below the first substrate 311. For example, the first substrate 311 can be positioned between the second substrate 321 and the cover 330.

[0244] The second pattern layer PT2 can be disposed on the second substrate 321. The second pattern layer PT2 can be positioned on the upper surface of the second substrate 321. Alternatively, the second pattern layer PT2 can be positioned between the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321.

[0245] The second insulating member IM2 can be positioned between the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321. The second insulating member IM2 can be arranged along the edge of the second substrate 321. The second insulating member IM2 can be positioned below the first insulating member IM1. At least a portion of the second insulating member IM2 can overlap with the first insulating member IM1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) (refer to OV1 in the figure). The first recess RS1 and the second recess RS2 at least partially overlap each other in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) (refer to OV1 in the figure).

[0246] Alternatively, the second insulating member IM2 can be positioned inward or outward relative to the first insulating member IM1. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the reliability of the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 due to the first recess RS1 and the second recess RS2.

[0247] According to an embodiment, the second patterned layer PT2 may include a second recess RS2 extending through at least one region of the second patterned layer PT2 or a second protrusion PR extending toward the first substrate 311 (or cover 330) (see reference). Figure 14 The second recess RS2 or the second protrusion PR2 is disposed on the edge of the second pattern layer PT2. In this example, the second pattern layer PT2 may include the second recess RS2 disposed on the edge of the second pattern layer PT2 and passing through the second pattern layer PT2.

[0248] The second recess RS2 can pass through the second patterned layer PT2 and through at least one region up to the second substrate 321. Therefore, the second substrate 321 can be exposed through the second recess RS2.

[0249] The second insulating member IM2 can be arranged along the edge of the second substrate 321 or the cover 330. Specifically, a portion of the second insulating member IM2 can be inserted into the second recess RS2. Therefore, a portion of the second insulating member IM2 can be arranged in the second recess RS2. Thus, the second insulating member IM2 can overlap with the entire second patterned layer PT2 in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0250] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the second recess RS2 can be positioned at a lower height than the upper surface of the second substrate 321 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). In other words, the bottom surface of the second recess RS2 can be positioned below the upper surface of the second substrate 321 (the surface in contact with the second pattern layer PT2). Additionally, the depth of the second recess RS2 can be greater than the depth of the second pattern layer (PT2) through which the second recess RS2 passes.

[0251] In addition, at least a portion of the second insulating member IM2 may overlap with the second substrate 321 in the horizontal direction.

[0252] The length or thickness of the second insulating member IM2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) may be greater than the depth of the second recess RS2 or the thickness of the second pattern layer PT2 through which the second recess RS2 passes.

[0253] With this configuration, the second insulating member IM2 cannot overflow inward and cover the second patterned layer PT2. Therefore, the degradation of the optical properties maintained by the second patterned layer PT2 as a diffraction element can be suppressed.

[0254] Furthermore, the second insulating member IM2 can prevent foreign matter from being introduced into the second patterned layer PT2. Additionally, when the second substrate 321 and the cover 330 are coupled, the second insulating member IM2 can further enhance the bonding force between them. Therefore, the structural reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced.

[0255] As a modified example, the second recess RS2 can extend through to a portion of the second pattern layer PT2, and a portion of the second pattern layer PT2 can be exposed through the second recess RS2.

[0256] The second insulating member IM2 can be arranged along the edge of the second substrate 321 or the first substrate 311 (or the cover 330). Specifically, a portion of the second insulating member IM2 can be inserted into the second recess RS2. Therefore, a portion of the second insulating member IM2 can be arranged in the second recess RS2. Thus, the second insulating member IM2 can overlap with the entire second patterned layer PT2 in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0257] However, the second insulating member IM2 can be disposed on the second substrate 321. The bottom surface of the second recess RS2 can be positioned on the upper surface of the second substrate 321. That is, the bottom surface of the second recess RS2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be positioned at a higher height than the upper surface of the second substrate 321. In other words, the bottom surface of the second recess RS2 can be positioned above the upper surface of the second substrate 321 (the surface in contact with the second pattern layer PT2).

[0258] In addition, the depth of the second recess RS2 can be less than the thickness of the second pattern layer (PT2) through which the second recess RS2 passes.

[0259] Furthermore, the second insulating member IM2 may not overlap with the second substrate 321 in the horizontal direction. In other words, the second insulating member IM2 may be positioned in a manner that is not aligned with the second substrate 321 in the horizontal direction.

[0260] The length or thickness of the second insulating member IM2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the depth of the second recess RS2.

[0261] With this configuration, the second insulating member IM2 may not overflow inward and cover the second patterned layer PT2. Therefore, the degradation of the optical properties maintained by the second patterned layer PT2 as a diffraction element can be suppressed.

[0262] Furthermore, the second insulating member IM2 can prevent foreign matter from being introduced into the second patterned layer PT2. Additionally, when coupled to the first substrate 311 (or cover), the second insulating member IM2 can further enhance the bonding force between them. Therefore, the structural reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced.

[0263] Furthermore, since the second substrate 321 is not exposed through the second recess RS2, any influence on the guidance of light through the second substrate 321 can be suppressed. Therefore, light efficiency can also be enhanced.

[0264] Reference Figure 14According to the second example, the light guide device 300 includes a first substrate 311, a first patterned layer PT1, a first insulating member IM1, and a cover 330. In addition to these, the light guide device 300 may include a second substrate 321, a second patterned layer PT2 on the second substrate 321, and a second insulating member IM2 disposed between the second patterned layer PT2 and the first substrate 311. The above description can be applied in the same manner, except as described below.

[0265] According to an embodiment, the second patterned layer PT2 may include a second protrusion PR2 disposed on the edge of the second patterned layer PT2 and extending toward the first substrate 311 or the cover 330. In this example, the second patterned layer PT2 may include the second protrusion PR2 disposed on the edge of the second patterned layer PT2, instead of the recess (second recess RS2) described above. The second protrusion PR2 may extend along the stacking direction (S-axis direction) as part of the second patterned layer PT2.

[0266] In the second patterned layer PT2, the second protrusion PR2 can have a maximum length in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). For example, the length of the second protrusion PR2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the length of the pattern in the second patterned layer PT2 other than the second protrusion PR2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). With this configuration, when the second insulating member IM2 is dispensed, the second insulating member IM2 cannot overflow and cover the inwardly positioned pattern in the second patterned layer PT2. Therefore, the degradation of the optical properties maintained by the second patterned layer PT2 as a diffraction element can be suppressed.

[0267] Furthermore, the second insulating member IM2, positioned outward from the second protrusion PR2, and the second protrusion PR2 can suppress the introduction of foreign matter into the second pattern layer PT2.

[0268] Furthermore, when coupling the second substrate 321 and the first substrate 311, the second protrusion PR2 and the second insulating member IM2 can further enhance the bonding force between them. Therefore, the structural reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced.

[0269] Specifically, the second protrusion PR2 can be disposed on the edge of the second patterned layer PT2, and thus also on the top edge of the second substrate 321. The length of the second protrusion PR2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be twice or more than twice the length of the nanoscale pattern of the diffraction element in the second patterned layer PT2 in the stacking direction. Therefore, the force suppressing the distribution of insulating members, etc., can be further enhanced.

[0270] Furthermore, similar to the first protrusion PR1 described above, the second protrusion PR2 may have an upper surface and an outer surface. The upper surface of the second protrusion PR2 may contact the first substrate 311. For example, the upper surface of the second protrusion PR2 may contact the lower surface of the first substrate 311.

[0271] The outer surface of the second protrusion PR2 can contact the second insulating member IM2. The second insulating member IM2 can be positioned adjacent to the second protrusion PR2. The second insulating member IM2 can be positioned on the outside of the second protrusion PR2. The contact between the outer surface of the second insulating member IM2 and the second protrusion PR2 can more effectively prevent foreign objects from being introduced into the inwardly positioned second pattern layer PT2.

[0272] Furthermore, the second insulating member IM2 contacts the outer surface of the second protrusion PR2. Additionally, a portion of the second insulating member IM2 may also contact the upper surface of the second protrusion PR2. That is, at least a portion of the second insulating member IM2 may be positioned between the upper surface of the second protrusion PR2 and the first substrate 311. Therefore, at least a portion of the second insulating member IM2 may contact the second protrusion PR2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). The second insulating member IM2 may overlap with the second protrusion PR2 in the horizontal direction. This configuration enhances the bonding force between the second protrusion PR2 and the first substrate 311 and fills the gap, such as space, between the second protrusion PR2 and the first substrate 311. Therefore, the second insulating member IM2, such as epoxy resin, cannot contaminate each pattern of the second pattern layer PT2. Thus, a decrease in optical performance can be suppressed.

[0273] Furthermore, as a modification example, the second recess RS2 can be positioned either inward or outward from the second protrusion PR2. When the second recess RS2 is positioned inward from the second protrusion PR2, the second insulating member IM2 can be positioned outward from both the second recess RS2 and the second protrusion PR2 without being inserted into the second recess RS2. Therefore, the introduction of a second insulating member IM2, such as an epoxy resin, into the second patterned layer PT2 can be effectively and maximally suppressed.

[0274] Furthermore, the second recess RS2 can be positioned outward from the second protrusion PR2. In this case, as described above, the second insulating member IM2 can be positioned within the second recess RS2. Alternatively, the second insulating member IM2 can be positioned outward from the second recess RS2. In this situation, the second recess RS2 can be positioned between the second protrusion PR2 and the second insulating member IM2. In other words, the second protrusion PR2, the second recess RS2, and the second insulating member IM2 can be sequentially positioned outward.

[0275] This configuration minimizes the introduction of foreign objects or insulating components into the second pattern layer PT2.

[0276] The second insulating member IM2 may be positioned below the first insulating member IM1. At least a portion of the second insulating member IM2 may overlap with the first insulating member IM1 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) (refer to OV1 in the figure). The first protrusion PR1 and the second protrusion PR2 may also at least partially overlap each other in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) (refer to OV2 in the figure). Under the assumptions of the above example, the first recess RS1 and the second recess RS2 may also at least partially overlap each other in the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0277] Reference Figure 15 and Figure 16 According to the third example, the light guide device 300 includes a first substrate 311, a first patterned layer PT1, a first insulating member IM1, and a cover 330. In addition to these, the light guide device 300 may also include a second substrate 321 and a second patterned layer PT2 on the second substrate 321. Furthermore, the light guide device 300 may include a second intermediate layer ML2 disposed on the second patterned layer PT2, and a blocking member BM positioned outwardly from the second intermediate layer ML2. According to embodiments, the blocking member may be integrally formed with or separately from the blocking member BM positioned on the side of the first substrate 311 and the side of the cover 330. The blocking member BM is described below as being integrally formed with the blocking member BM positioned on the side of the first substrate 311 and the side of the cover 330. The above description, except as described below, can be applied in the same manner.

[0278] According to the implementation, the second intermediate layer ML2 can be positioned between the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 or between the second pattern layer PT2 and the first substrate 311.

[0279] In addition, as described above, the second substrate 321 (or the second pattern layer PT2) may also include a second recess RS2 or a second protrusion PR2.

[0280] The second intermediate layer ML2 and the second patterned layer PT2 can be positioned inward relative to the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321. For example, the second intermediate layer ML2 and the second patterned layer PT2 can be positioned inward relative to the outermost surfaces of both the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321.

[0281] Furthermore, the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 may include a second stepped portion ST2, which is a groove formed inward from the edge of the first substrate 311 and the edge of the second substrate 321, respectively. For example, the second stepped portion ST2 may be positioned on the upper surface of the second substrate 321 or the lower surface of the first substrate 311.

[0282] Correspondingly, the blocking member BM arranged outward from the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the second substrate 321 may include an inwardly protruding protrusion PB. The protrusion PB may be positioned on the second step portion ST2 and contact the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311. The protrusion PB may overlap with the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0283] This configuration enhances the bonding strength between the blocking member BM and each of the other components (second substrate 321, second patterned layer PT2, second intermediate layer ML2, and first substrate 311). In other words, it enhances the reliability of the light guide device 300 according to the embodiment.

[0284] Furthermore, the blocking member BM can be formed of a light-blocking material or the like and positioned outward from the light guide device 300. Therefore, the blocking member BM can cover the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311 positioned inward from the blocking member BM. At least a portion of the blocking member BM can overlap with the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction. For example, the blocking member BM can overlap with all of the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction.

[0285] Furthermore, as an implementation, the refractive index of the cover 330 can be less than the refractive index of the second intermediate layer ML2. The refractive index of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be less than the refractive index of the second substrate 321. Since the difference in refractive index between the second intermediate layer ML2 and the cover 330 increases, the efficiency of light guiding can be enhanced. Using this configuration, the light guiding device 300 can effectively perform light guiding.

[0286] Furthermore, the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be formed along the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2. That is, the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can contact the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2, and the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can also be formed in a shape corresponding to the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2. Unlike the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2, the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be flat. The upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can contact the lower surface of the second substrate 321. Therefore, the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can have a lower roughness than its lower surface.

[0287] Furthermore, the length or height of the second intermediate layer ML2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the length or height of the second pattern layer PT2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). For example, the length or height of the second intermediate layer ML2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be 50 times or greater than that length or height of the second pattern layer PT2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). With this configuration, the second intermediate layer ML2 ensures that there are no air gaps or similar voids between the second pattern layer PT2 and the second substrate 321. Therefore, it can prevent susceptibility to impacts. Moreover, since the second intermediate layer ML2 is disposed between the second pattern layer PT2 and the second substrate 321, the second pattern layer PT2 cannot be exposed to air, etc., and is thus protected by the second intermediate layer ML2. Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced. Furthermore, the second pattern layer PT2 is first formed on the second substrate 321, and then the second intermediate layer ML2 and the second substrate 321 are sequentially stacked on top of each other in the stacking direction on the second substrate 321. Therefore, there are no gaps, such as empty spaces. Therefore, both bonding strength and durability can be enhanced.

[0288] A second intermediate layer ML2 is disposed on top of a second patterned layer PT2, which is disposed on a second substrate 321. Therefore, a portion of the second intermediate layer ML2 may overlap with the second patterned layer PT2 in the horizontal direction. Alternatively, a portion of the second intermediate layer ML2 may not overlap with the second patterned layer PT2 in the horizontal direction.

[0289] Furthermore, the second intermediate layer ML2 may not overlap with the second substrate 321 in the horizontal direction. That is, the second intermediate layer ML2 may be positioned in a manner that is not aligned with the second substrate 321 in the horizontal direction.

[0290] The method of manufacturing the light guide device 300 may include: a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a patterned layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the patterned layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of stacking a first substrate, a first patterned layer, a first intermediate layer and a cap on each other to form a blocking member.

[0291] First, when manufacturing the light guide device 300, a substrate can be prepared. The following description assumes a second substrate 321. The second substrate 321 can be prepared, and a second pattern layer PT2 can be formed on the second substrate 321. At this time, a second step portion ST2 can be formed outward from the second substrate 321 by etching or the like. After forming the second step portion ST2 on the second substrate 321, the second pattern layer PT2 can be formed. Alternatively, after forming the second pattern layer PT2 on the second substrate 321, the second step portion ST2 can be formed by removing a portion of the second substrate 321 and a portion of the second pattern layer PT2.

[0292] Then, a second intermediate layer ML2 can be formed on top of the second patterned layer PT2. The unevenness of each of the upper and lower surfaces of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be similar to the unevenness of the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2.

[0293] Planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2. For example, various techniques can be used to perform planarization on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2. For example, planarization can be performed using chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0294] As described above, the first substrate 311, the first patterned layer PT1, the first insulating member IM1, and the cover 330 may be stacked on top of each other on the second intermediate layer ML2, and the barrier member BM may be formed on the side surface. As described above, the barrier member BM may include a protrusion PB disposed on the second stepped portion ST2.

[0295] Furthermore, the protrusion PB on the second substrate 321 may have a different length or shape than the protrusion PB on the first substrate 311.

[0296] Reference Figure 17 and Figure 18 According to the fourth example, the light guide device 300 includes a first substrate 311, a first patterned layer PT1, a first insulating member IM1, and a cover 330. In addition to these, the light guide device 300 may also include a second substrate 321 and a second patterned layer PT2 on the second substrate 321. Furthermore, the light guide device 300 may include a second intermediate layer ML2 disposed on the second patterned layer PT2, and a blocking member BM positioned outwardly from the second intermediate layer ML2. The blocking member BM may be integrally formed with or separate from a blocking member BM positioned on the side of the first substrate 311 and the side of the cover 330. The blocking member BM is described below as being integrally formed with a blocking member BM positioned on the side of the first substrate 311 and the side of the cover 330. The above description, except as described below, can be applied in the same manner.

[0297] According to the implementation, the second intermediate layer ML2 can be positioned between the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 or between the second pattern layer PT2 and the first substrate 311.

[0298] Additionally, as described above, the second substrate 321 may include the aforementioned second recess RS2 or second protrusion PR2 on its edge.

[0299] The second intermediate layer ML2 and the second patterned layer PT2 can be positioned inward relative to the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321. For example, the second intermediate layer ML2 and the second patterned layer PT2 can be positioned inward relative to the outermost surfaces of both the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321.

[0300] Furthermore, the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 can contact the blocking member BM without the aforementioned second step portion. Correspondingly, the blocking member BM, arranged outward from the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311, can contact the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311. The blocking member BM can contact the outer surface of each of the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311, and overlaps with each of the second substrate 321, the second patterned layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, the blocking member BM can overlap with the first patterned layer PT1, the first intermediate layer ML1, and the cover 330 on the first substrate 311 in the horizontal direction. However, descriptions of the constituent elements on the first substrate 311 and other constituent elements stacked on top of each other are omitted.

[0301] With this configuration, the other components (second substrate 321, second patterned layer PT2, second intermediate layer ML2, and first substrate 311) can be protected and coupled to them via the blocking member BM. Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device 300 according to the embodiment can be enhanced.

[0302] Furthermore, the blocking member BM can be formed of a light-blocking material or the like, and positioned outward from the light guide device 300. Therefore, the blocking member BM can cover the second substrate 321, the second pattern layer PT2, the second intermediate layer ML2, and the first substrate 311 positioned inward from the blocking member BM.

[0303] Furthermore, as an implementation, the refractive index of the cover 330 can be less than the refractive index of the second intermediate layer ML2. The refractive index of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be less than the refractive index of the second substrate 321. Since the difference in refractive index between the second intermediate layer ML2 and the cover 330 increases, the efficiency of light guiding can be enhanced. Using this configuration, the light guiding device 300 can effectively perform light guiding.

[0304] Furthermore, the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be formed along the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2. That is, the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can contact the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2, and the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can also be formed in a shape corresponding to the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2. Unlike the lower surface of the second intermediate layer ML2, the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be flat. The upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can contact the lower surface of the first substrate 311. Therefore, the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2 can have a lower roughness than its lower surface.

[0305] Furthermore, the length or height of the second intermediate layer ML2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be greater than the length or height of the second patterned layer PT2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). For example, the length or height of the second intermediate layer ML2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) can be 50 times or greater than that of the second patterned layer PT2 in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). With this configuration, the second intermediate layer ML2 can ensure that there are no air gaps or the like between the second patterned layer PT2 and the first substrate 311. Therefore, it can prevent susceptibility to impacts. In addition, since the second intermediate layer ML2 is arranged between the second patterned layer PT2 and the first substrate 311, the second patterned layer PT2 cannot be exposed to air or the like, and is thus protected by the second intermediate layer ML2. Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device 300 can be enhanced. Furthermore, the stacking direction is first formed on the second substrate 321, and then the second intermediate layer ML2 and the first substrate 311 are sequentially stacked on top of each other on the second substrate 321. Therefore, there are no gaps, such as empty spaces. Therefore, both bonding strength and durability can be enhanced.

[0306] Furthermore, the first substrate 311 and the second substrate 321 may not overlap with the second intermediate layer ML2 or the second patterned layer PT2 in the horizontal direction. The second intermediate layer ML2 may not overlap with the second substrate 321 in the horizontal direction. That is, the second intermediate layer ML2 may be positioned in a manner that is not aligned with the second substrate 321 in the horizontal direction.

[0307] The method of manufacturing the light guide device 300 may include: a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a patterned layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the patterned layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of forming a cover and forming a blocking member.

[0308] First, when manufacturing the light guide device 300, a substrate can be prepared. The following description is provided under the assumption of a second substrate 321. The second substrate 321 can be prepared, and a second pattern layer PT2 can be formed on the second substrate 321.

[0309] Then, a second intermediate layer ML2 can be formed on top of the second patterned layer PT2. The unevenness of each of the upper and lower surfaces of the second intermediate layer ML2 can be similar to the unevenness of the upper surface of the second patterned layer PT2.

[0310] Planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2. For example, various techniques can be used to perform planarization on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer ML2. For example, planarization can be performed using chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0311] The first substrate 311 described above and the constituent elements (first pattern layer PT1, first intermediate layer ML1 and cover 330) on the first substrate 311 can be stacked on top of each other on the second intermediate layer ML2, and barrier members BM can be formed on the side surface of the first substrate 311 and the side surface of the constituent elements.

[0312] The features, structures, effects, and similar properties described in the embodiments can be implemented by at least one embodiment, and are not necessarily limited to a single embodiment. Furthermore, the features, structures, effects, and similar properties described in each embodiment can be implemented in other embodiments by combinations or modifications by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments pertain. Therefore, anything associated with such combinations and modifications should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the embodiments.

[0313] The embodiments described above are provided in a centralized manner. This description is merely exemplary and not intended to impose any limitation on the embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the embodiments pertain that various modifications and applications can be made to the embodiments without departing from the essential characteristics of these embodiments. For example, each component element specifically employed in the embodiments may be implemented in a modified manner. The differences resulting from these modifications and applications should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the embodiments defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A light guiding device, comprising: First substrate; A first patterned layer disposed on the first substrate; A cover disposed on top of the first pattern layer; as well as A first intermediate layer disposed between the cover and the first pattern layer The lower surface of the first intermediate layer has a shape corresponding to the shape of the first pattern layer.

2. The optical guide device according to claim 1, wherein, The upper surface of the first intermediate layer has a lower roughness than the lower surface of the first intermediate layer.

3. The optical guide device according to claim 1, wherein, The height of the first intermediate layer in the stacking direction is greater than the height of the first pattern layer.

4. The optical guide device according to claim 1, wherein, The first substrate and the cover have a first stepped portion, which is a groove formed inward from the edge of the first substrate and the edge of the cover, respectively.

5. The optical guide device according to claim 4, wherein, The first step portion is positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate or the lower surface of the cover.

6. The optical guide device according to claim 4, further comprising: A blocking member arranged outward from the first substrate, the first patterned layer, the intermediate layer, and the cover.

7. The optical guide device according to claim 6, wherein, The blocking component includes: The protruding part that extends inward.

8. The light guide device according to claim 7, wherein, The protruding portion is positioned on the first step portion.

9. The optical guide device according to claim 7, wherein, The protruding portion is in contact with the first substrate, the first patterned layer, the first intermediate layer, and the cover.

10. The light guide device according to claim 1, wherein, The outermost surface of the first intermediate layer and the outermost surface of the first patterned layer are positioned inward relative to the outermost surface of the first substrate and the outermost surface of the cover.

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