A phenylbenzene or gamma-terpinene-based potato tuber moth female moth repellent and use thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural pest repellency technology, specifically to a repellent for female potato tuber moths based on benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene and its application. This invention identified volatile compounds, benzaldehyde and γ-terpinene, from leaves of the Andean subspecies of potato, which have significant repellent effects on the potato tuber moth. Their repellent activity against adult female potato tuber moths was verified using an antennal potentiometer, a tetra-arm olfactory spectrometer, and an oviposition preference test. Experiments showed that benzaldehyde at doses of 10-100 μg and γ-terpinene at doses of 10-100 μg both had significant repellent effects on female potato tuber moths, effectively reducing their oviposition in the treated area. The benzaldehyde and γ-terpinene described in this invention are derived from plants, are environmentally friendly, and can be used to prepare repellents for female potato tuber moths, providing a new technical means for the green control of potato tuber moths, and have significant application value and promising prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural pest repellency technology, and relates to a repellent for female potato tuber moths based on benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller), belonging to the family Phthorimaidae in the order Lepidoptera, is a global pest of Solanaceae crops, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical potato-growing areas. The larvae damage potato leaves and tubers: during the growing season, they mine leaves, disrupting photosynthesis; during storage, they burrow into the tubers through buds or wounds, creating tunnels and excreting feces, causing the tubers to rot, shrivel, and lose their edible and seed value, severely hindering the sustainable development of the potato industry. In recent years, the potato tuber moth has caused consecutive outbreaks in southwestern potato-growing areas of my country, including Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan, becoming a key limiting factor affecting local potato yield and quality.

[0003] Currently, the control of potato tuber moth mainly relies on chemical pesticides. However, the long-term and excessive use of chemical pesticides has not only led to increasing pesticide resistance in pests and decreased control effectiveness, but also caused problems such as excessive pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and harm to natural enemies, which contradicts the current demand for green agricultural development. Agricultural control measures such as crop rotation and field sanitation have some effect, but they are difficult to implement during the storage period, and their operation is cumbersome, limiting their widespread adoption.

[0004] Insect behavior regulators, as a green pest control method, achieve control by influencing the feeding, mating, and oviposition behaviors of pests, and have received widespread attention in recent years. Among them, repellents can keep pests away from crops or storage sites, and have unique advantages in reducing the pest population and minimizing oviposition damage. However, highly effective repellents for the potato tuber moth are still very scarce, especially plant-derived, environmentally friendly, and highly specific behavior regulators, which are rarely reported.

[0005] It is worth noting that in pest population control, female insects are the key factor determining population reproduction. The number of females directly affects the number of eggs laid and the size of the next generation population. If females can be specifically repelled, not only can their egg-laying in the treated area be directly reduced, but more importantly, when a large number of females are driven away from the treated area, the male-to-female ratio in that area will rapidly become unbalanced. When the number of females is far less than that of males, the probability of mating decreases significantly. Even if some females are not completely driven away, their mating success rate will be reduced due to the lack of sufficient males, thus leading to a decrease in overall egg-laying capacity. This chain effect of "imbalanced sex ratio → decreased mating rate → rapid population collapse" can suppress pest population growth more quickly than traditional broad-spectrum repellent or insecticidal methods.

[0006] Therefore, screening repellent substances that specifically target female insects from resistant plant resources and developing novel plant-derived female insect repellents can not only directly reduce oviposition damage, but also accelerate the regional control of potato tuber moth populations by changing the sex ratio structure in the field and working synergistically with existing insecticides. This is an important way to achieve green and efficient control of the potato tuber moth. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the significant damage caused by the potato tuber moth in major potato-producing areas. Behavioral regulation technology is an important measure for controlling the potato tuber moth, but behavioral regulators with repellent effects are rarely found. This invention aims to develop a behavioral regulator with a significant repellent effect on the potato tuber moth, especially female adults, and provides a repellent for female potato tuber moths based on benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene.

[0008] This invention uses thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) to collect and identify volatiles from the leaves of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the Andean subspecies of potato (S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum). Using an antennal potentiometer, a four-arm olfactometer, and an oviposition preference test, benzaldehyde and γ-terpinene, volatile substances with significant repellent effects against the potato tuber moth, were screened and verified.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] This invention first provides a repellent for female potato tuber moths, wherein the sole active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene. The term "sole active ingredient" in this invention refers to the repellent containing only benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene as the active substance responsible for its repellent effect; however, the repellent may contain other inactive excipients such as carriers, solvents, and slow-release materials.

[0011] Preferably, when the sole active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde, the dosage of benzaldehyde is 10-100 μg. Here, dosage refers to the benzaldehyde content in each unit formulation (e.g., a single decoy, a single sheet of repellent paper, etc.).

[0012] Preferably, when the sole active ingredient of the repellent is γ-terpinene, the dose of γ-terpinene is 10-100 μg.

[0013] This invention also provides the use of benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene, wherein the use is any one of the following:

[0014] (1) Application in repelling female potato tuber moths alone;

[0015] (2) Application in the preparation of a repellent for female potato tuber moths, wherein the only active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene.

[0016] Preferably, in the application, when the active ingredient is benzaldehyde, the dosage of benzaldehyde is 10-100 μg; when the active ingredient is γ-terpinene, the dosage of γ-terpinene is 10-100 μg.

[0017] The present invention further provides an application of a repellent for female potato tuber moths, used to prepare repellent cores or repellent paper; the repellent uses benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene as the sole active ingredient.

[0018] Preferably, in the repellent core or repellent paper, when the active ingredient is benzaldehyde, the dosage of benzaldehyde is 10-100 μg; when the active ingredient is γ-terpinene, the dosage of γ-terpinene is 10-100 μg.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] The repellent provided by this invention uses benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene as its sole active ingredient, both of which are plant-derived, environmentally friendly, and have a significant repellent effect on adult female potato tuber moths. Experiments show that at doses of 10-100 μg, both benzaldehyde and γ-terpinene can significantly reduce the time female moths spend in the treated area and the number of eggs they lay, thereby reducing the population size of the next generation from the source.

[0021] More importantly, because this repellent specifically targets females, when used extensively in fields or storage facilities, the number of females repelled significantly exceeds that of males, leading to an imbalance in the male-to-female ratio within the treated area. With the relative decrease in the number of females, the probability of mating decreases. Even if some females are not completely repelled, their chances of successful mating decrease due to reduced competition from males, resulting in a rapid decline in the overall population mating rate and further inhibiting the reproduction and spread of the potato tuber moth. This chain reaction of "specific repellency of females → sex ratio imbalance → decreased mating rate → rapid population collapse" is more efficient and persistent than traditional broad-spectrum repellents or insecticides.

[0022] This invention provides a new technical means for the green control of potato tuber moth. It can be used alone or in combination with other control measures (such as insecticides, pheromone traps, etc.), and has important application value and promotion prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The number of eggs laid by female potato tuber moths on two potato plants. * indicates a significant difference in the number of eggs laid by potato tuber moths on the plant surface between the two control groups according to a paired-samples t-test (P<0.05).

[0024] Figure 2 The graphs and values ​​of the EAG response of female potato tuber moths to different doses of leaf volatiles from different potato subspecies are shown. Note: AD represents isoprene, benzaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and γ-terpinene, respectively. The dose of each volatile in the graph is 10 from left to right. -2 -10 3 μg, * indicates that there was a significant difference in the amount of volatiles in potato tuber moths among different doses according to one-way ANOVA (P<0.05).

[0025] Figure 3 The four-armed olfactory selectivity of female potato tuber moths to different doses of leaf volatiles from different potato subspecies; Note: AC represents benzaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and γ-terpinene, respectively. The doses of each volatile in the figure are 10 from left to right. -2 -10 3 μg, * indicates that the residence time of potato tuber moth in the corresponding arm of this dose of volatiles was significantly different from that of the control according to a one-sample t test (P<0.05).

[0026] Figure 4 This figure shows the oviposition preference rate of female potato tuber moths for different doses of leaf volatiles from different potato subspecies; Note: AC represents benzaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and γ-terpinene, respectively, and the dose of each volatile in the figure is 10 from left to right. -2 -10 3 μg, * indicates that the number of eggs laid by the potato tuber moth at this dose of volatiles was significantly different from the control by paired-samples t-test (P<0.05). Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] I. Methods

[0030] Volatile substances from potato leaves were collected and identified using thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Volatile substances that had a significant repellent effect on female potato tuber moths were selected using an antennal potentiometer, a four-arm olfactometer, and an oviposition preference test.

[0031] 1. Comparison of egg-laying rates of the potato tuber moth on two different potato varieties.

[0032] Potato plants (S. tuberosum L.) and Andean subspecies (S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum) at the same growth stage were placed diagonally in an insect rearing cage (50×50×50cm). The pots and soil were covered with aluminum foil to eliminate interference from volatile organic compounds in the root zone. Five pairs of newly emerged male and female adults were introduced into each cage. A 10% honey solution was provided as a food source, and the cages were covered with black cloth. After 48 hours, all plants and insects were removed, and the number of eggs laid on each plant was recorded. The experiment was repeated three times.

[0033] 2. Collection and identification of volatiles from potato leaves

[0034] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants were collected using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tubes. The method involved wrapping the tip of a fully expanded fourth leaf in a plastic box (10×10×3cm) containing four 1cm clean PDMS tubes for VOC absorption. After 6 hours, the PDMS tubes were transferred to Tenax TA tubes for VOC analysis using a thermal desorption unit (TD-100XR, Max International) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Trace 1300 GC and ISQ7000 MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Compound identification was achieved by comparing mass spectra and retention times with those of standards and matching against the NIST database in Chromeleon software (v7.2.8). A blank PDMS tube was analyzed after every five samples to monitor for and subtract potential background contaminants. At least six replicates were performed for each leaf type.

[0035] 3. Electrophysiological activity of potato leaf volatiles on potato tuber moth

[0036] EAG electrophysiological recordings were performed using fertile females. A small segment was cut from both the base and tip of the antennae with a sharp blade, and the antennae were attached to the electrodes using conductive adhesive. Test compounds were diluted with liquid paraffin to prepare concentration gradient solutions (10...). -3 -10 210 μL of the test compound was applied to a filter paper strip (5 × 0.5 cm) and placed in a glass Pasteur pipette. A continuously flowing, moistened, activated charcoal-purified main airflow (600 mL / min) was continuously blown onto the antennae. Stimulating bubbles (120 mL / min) were continuously applied for a duration of 0.5 seconds every minute. The signal was amplified by an IDAC-2 controller (Syntech) and processed using EAG Pro software (Syntech). The distance between the electrode and the opening of the odor stimulation tube was adjusted to approximately 1 cm. The stimulation time for each compound was set to 0.5 s. To eliminate systematic errors caused by continuous antennal stimulation, the interval between two stimulations was not less than 60 s. Only one antenna was used for each insect. Six biological replicates and three technical replicates were set for each compound. The average EAG response value (CK) of the control (paraffin oil) was subtracted from the average EAG relative response value (Em) of the test compound using the following formula. m To calculate the EAG reaction value:

[0037] EAG relative reaction value = E m -CK m

[0038] Where E m (millivolts) is the average EAG reaction value of the tested compound, CK m This is the average EAG reaction value of the control (paraffin oil).

[0039] 4. Behavioral selection of potato tuber moths to different potato leaf volatiles

[0040] The four-arm olfactory behavioral response bioassay assesses behavioral responses using a four-arm olfactory apparatus made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A continuously flowing, humidified, activated carbon-purified main gas stream (600 mL / min) is introduced into the apparatus and divided into four equal streams. Test compounds are diluted with n-hexane to prepare concentration gradient solutions (10... -3 -10 2 μg / μL). For each experiment, 10 μL of the diluted solution was spread onto a 1×2 cm strip of filter paper and placed in the odor container of the diagonal arm; the other two arms used only the solvent (10 μL n-hexane) as a control. Oviparous females were allowed to dark-acclimatize in a dark room for 2 hours before the experiment began. Two insects were introduced from the central area each time, and their activity was recorded under infrared light for 15 minutes. After each experiment, the olfactometer was rotated 90 degrees, all filter papers were replaced, and the insect activity area was cleaned with 75% ethanol to eliminate pheromone influence. Insects that moved less than 10 cm within the first 5 minutes were excluded. Twenty replicates were set for each volatile concentration. The preference index (PI) was calculated as follows:

[0041] PI = (Time spent in the odor source arm) / (Total observation time)

[0042] 5. Potato tuber moth's oviposition preference for different potato leaf volatiles

[0043] The spawning preference experiment was conducted in a circular plastic container (covered with a gauze lid) with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 6 cm. The test compounds were diluted with n-hexane to prepare concentration gradient solutions (10...). -4 -10 μg / μL). A filter paper was placed on top of a gauze cover, and the filter paper was divided into four equal parts. Two diagonal sections each contained a filter element containing 100 μL of the test compound, while the other two sections contained control lures containing only 100 μL of n-hexane. Five pairs of newly emerged adult males and females were placed in the container, and the container was then placed in the dark for 24 hours. Afterward, the number of eggs laid in the bait (T) and control (C) areas was counted. Each concentration of volatiles was tested in 10 replicates.

[0044] The Ovulation Preference Index (OPI) is calculated using the following formula:

[0045] OPI = (TC) / (T + C)

[0046] Where T is the number of eggs in the bait area and C is the number of eggs in the control area. A paired Student's t-test is used to examine the deviation of the egg-laying index from 0.

[0047] II. Results

[0048] 1. Comparison of egg-laying rates of the potato tuber moth on two different potato varieties.

[0049] Selective oviposition experiments were conducted to determine the number of eggs laid by the potato tuber moth on different plant surfaces. The average number of eggs laid on cultivated potato plants (89±7.23 eggs per plant) was significantly higher than that on Andean subspecies potato plants (37.67±1.76 eggs), indicating that Andean subspecies potato has a significant repellent effect on the potato tuber moth.

[0050] 2. Identification of leaf volatiles

[0051] Two types of volatiles were collected and identified using thermal desorption (TD) combined with GC-MS. The relative content of compounds was calculated using peak area normalization, and the results were compared and verified against the NIST mass spectrometry library. Finally, characteristic parameters such as chemical name, retention time, molecular formula, and CAS number of each component were obtained. Analysis showed that 12 volatiles were identified in both potato species: isoprene, benzaldehyde, decanal, nonanal, trans-2-hexenal, geraniol D, cis-β-farnesene, coumarin, D-limonene, caryophyllene, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene. Among these, the following volatiles were unique to the Andean subspecies of potato: isoprene, benzaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and γ-terpinene. We hypothesize that the low egg count on the surface of the Andean subspecies of potato plants is due to the repellent effect of these four volatiles; subsequent experiments will verify and analyze these four volatiles.

[0052] Table 1. Identification results of volatile chemical components in two types of potato leaves

[0053] 3. Electrophysiological activity of potato leaf volatiles on potato tuber moth

[0054] The electrophysiological activities of oviparous female potato tuber moths on four volatile compounds from potato leaves—isomenthol, benzaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and γ-terpinene—were determined using EAG. Figure 2 The study found that the potato tuber moth did not exhibit electrophysiological activity to isomenthol, but it did exhibit electrophysiological activity to three of its volatile compounds, especially at high concentrations (1000 μg), where the amplitude induced was the largest.

[0055] Since the potato tuber moth did not show electrophysiological activity to isomenthol, subsequent experiments used three other volatile substances to conduct behavioral experiments.

[0056] 4. Behavioral selection of potato tuber moths by a four-armed olfactory sensor for different potato leaf volatiles

[0057] The selective behavior of oviparous female potato tuber moths towards benzaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and γ-terpinene was determined using a four-armed olfactometer. Figure 3 The potato tuber moth's residence time in benzaldehyde (10-1000 μg), trans-2-hexenal (1000 μg), and γ-terpinene (100-1000 μg) was significantly shorter than that in the control area, indicating that doses of 10 μg benzaldehyde, 1000 μg trans-2-hexenal, and 100 μg γ-terpinene have significant repellent effects on the potato tuber moth.

[0058] 5. Potato tuber moth's oviposition preference for different potato leaf volatiles

[0059] The oviposition preference experiment was used to determine the oviposition selection behavior of ovipositor females of the potato tuber moth towards benzaldehyde, trans-2-hexenal, and γ-terpinene. Figure 4 The egg-laying rate of the potato tuber moth was significantly lower in the control area than in the control area when 10 μg benzaldehyde, 1000 μg trans-2-hexenal, and 10 μg γ-terpinene were used. This indicates that 10 μg benzaldehyde, 1000 μg trans-2-hexenal, and 10 μg γ-terpinene have a significant repellent effect on the egg-laying behavior of the potato tuber moth and can be used to control the potato tuber moth.

[0060] Considering that trans-2-hexenal only exhibits repellent activity at 1000 μg and is relatively expensive, its use to repel the potato tuber moth is not recommended. Two other chemical substances were ultimately chosen to repel the potato tuber moth.

[0061] The optimal dosage analysis for benzaldehyde is as follows:

[0062] (1) Determination of the minimum effective dose

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown in Figure A, in the behavioral selection experiment using a four-arm olfactory apparatus, when the benzaldehyde dose was 10 μg, the residence time of female potato tuber moths in the odor source arm was significantly shorter than that in the control area (P<0.05), and the preference index (PI) was significantly lower than 0.5 for the first time, indicating that benzaldehyde had a significant behavioral repellent effect on female moths at this dose. However, at doses below 10 μg, the residence time of female moths was not significantly different from that in the control, and the repellent effect was not obvious.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown in Figure A, in the oviposition preference experiment, benzaldehyde at a dose of 10 μg also exhibited significant oviposition repellency activity: the oviposition rate in the treated area was significantly lower than that in the control area (P<0.05), and the oviposition preference index (OPI) was significantly lower than 0 for the first time. Doses below 10 μg had no significant effect on oviposition behavior.

[0065] Based on the combined results of behavioral selection and oviposition preference experiments, 10 μg is the lowest effective dose of benzaldehyde that produces a significant repellent effect on female potato tuber moths, and therefore it is determined as the lower limit of the preferred dose.

[0066] (2) Determination of the upper limit of the preferred dose

[0067] like Figure 3 A and Figure 4As shown in Figure A, when the benzaldehyde dosage increased to 100 μg, its behavioral repellency and oviposition inhibition effects on female insects were further enhanced. The effect was more stable compared to 10 μg, and there was no significant order-of-magnitude difference in repellency compared to the high dose of 1000 μg. However, considering that the amount of active ingredient increased tenfold at a 1000 μg dosage without a proportional increase in repellency, this would lead to a significant increase in cost in practical applications and potentially unnecessary environmental residue risks. Therefore, considering the stability of the effect, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, 100 μg was determined as the upper limit of the preferred dosage for benzaldehyde.

[0068] Based on the above experimental results and practical application considerations, this invention determines that the preferred dosage range of benzaldehyde is 10-100 μg. Within this dosage range, benzaldehyde exhibits stable and significant behavioral repellency and oviposition inhibition activity against female potato tuber moths, while also being both economical and environmentally friendly, making it suitable for the preparation of repellents for female potato tuber moths.

[0069] The preferred dosage analysis of γ-terpinene is as follows:

[0070] (1) Determination of the minimum effective dose

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown in C, in the oviposition preference experiment, γ-terpinene exhibited significant oviposition repellency activity at a dose of 10 μg: the oviposition rate in the treated area was significantly lower than that in the control area (P<0.05), and the oviposition preference index (OPI) was significantly lower than 0 for the first time. This result indicates that although the dwell time of females at this dose tended to shorten in the behavioral selection experiment, it did not reach a statistically significant level. Figure 3 While the overall agricultural control objective—reducing oviposition—is not specified, a dose of 10 μg is sufficient to effectively inhibit oviposition behavior in female potato tuber moths, demonstrating practical application value. Doses below 10 μg did not show significant effects in oviposition preference experiments; therefore, 10 μg is the lowest effective dose at which γ-terpinene produces a significant oviposition-inhibiting effect on female potato tuber moths, and is thus determined as the lower limit of the preferred dose.

[0072] (2) Determination of the upper limit of the preferred dose

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown in C, in the four-armed olfactory sensory behavioral selection experiment, when the dose of γ-terpinene was increased to 100 μg, the female insect's residence time in the odorant arm was significantly shorter than that in the control area (P<0.05), and the preference index (PI) was significantly lower than 0.5 for the first time, indicating that at this dose, γ-terpinene had a significant repellent effect on the female insect's behavior. Meanwhile, as... Figure 4As shown in Figure C, at a dose of 100 μg, γ-terpinene also significantly inhibited oviposition in female insects, and the effect was more stable than at 10 μg. When the dose was further increased to 1000 μg, although the behavioral repellency and oviposition inhibition effects remained significant, there was no significant order-of-magnitude increase compared to 100 μg. Considering that the amount of active ingredient increased tenfold at a dose of 1000 μg without a proportional increase in repellency, this would lead to a significant increase in cost in practical applications and may increase the risk of environmental residues. Therefore, considering the dual validation of behavioral repellency and oviposition inhibition, the stability of the effect, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, 100 μg was determined as the upper limit of the preferred dose of γ-terpinene.

[0074] Based on the above experimental results and practical application considerations, this invention determines that the preferred dosage range of γ-terpinene is 10-100 μg. Within this dosage range, γ-terpinene exhibits significant oviposition inhibitory activity against female potato tuber moths (effective at 10 μg), and at higher doses (100 μg), it simultaneously achieves a stable behavioral repellent effect, balancing control efficacy with economic practicality, making it suitable for preparing repellents for female potato tuber moths.

Claims

1. A repellent for female potato tuber moths, characterized in that, The sole active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene.

2. The repellent according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sole active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde, the dosage of benzaldehyde is 10-100 μg.

3. The repellent according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sole active ingredient of the repellent is γ-terpinene, the dosage of γ-terpinene is 10-100 μg.

4. The application of benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene, characterized in that, The application is any one of the following: (1) Application in repelling female potato tuber moths alone; (2) Application in the preparation of a repellent for female potato tuber moths, wherein the only active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the sole active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde, the dosage of benzaldehyde is 10-100 μg.

6. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the sole active ingredient of the repellent is γ-terpinene, the dosage of γ-terpinene is 10-100 μg.

7. The application of a repellent for female potato tuber moths, characterized in that, Used to prepare repellent cores or repellent paper; the repellent agent has benzaldehyde or γ-terpinene as the sole active ingredient.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the sole active ingredient of the repellent is benzaldehyde, the dosage of benzaldehyde is 10-100 μg.

9. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the sole active ingredient of the repellent is γ-terpinene, the dosage of γ-terpinene is 10-100 μg.

Images