A mobile modular exhaust gas purification device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a mobile modular exhaust gas purification device and method. The device includes a dust removal and filtration unit, a buffer spray unit, a dehumidification and catalytic unit, a sensing unit, a terminal fan, and a central control unit. The dust removal and filtration unit includes a pre-filtration module and a fine filtration module, removing large particles of gravel and dust larger than 5μm through graded filtration. The buffer spray unit includes a buffer module, an ozone module, and a spray module. The buffer module allows for thorough turbulent mixing of the filtered exhaust gas and ozone, oxidizing low-valent nitrogen oxides into water-soluble high-valent nitrogen oxides. The spray module sprays alkaline solution to remove nitrogen oxides and sulfides. The dehumidification and catalytic unit includes a dehumidification module and a catalytic module. The dehumidification module removes moisture from the alkaline washing exhaust gas, and the catalytic module efficiently converts high-concentration CO into CO₂. The terminal fan outputs negative pressure to introduce exhaust gas and discharge purified gas. The sensing unit detects operating parameters and uploads them to the central control unit. The central control unit automatically triggers commands based on the data to ensure the normal operation of each purification unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas purification equipment, and more specifically, relates to a mobile modular waste gas purification device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Blasting fumes generated during drill-and-blast construction of large enclosed or semi-enclosed underground caverns are a major pollutant in the construction environment, containing large amounts of dust and NO. x Toxic and harmful gases such as CO and sulfides are present. These pollutants not only severely pollute the construction environment and threaten the health of construction workers, but also significantly reduce visibility inside the tunnel, thereby affecting construction progress and operational safety, and increasing potential risks during construction. They have become an environmental and safety issue that urgently needs to be addressed in underground tunnel drilling and blasting operations.

[0003] In existing technologies, the mainstream approach to treating blasting fumes in underground caverns is to use traditional ventilation and smoke extraction methods, such as mechanical air supply or exhaust. The core principle is to dilute the exhaust gas by introducing a large amount of air through a blower, while the dust in the blasting fumes is purified by natural settling. However, this type of solution has obvious technical defects: (1) The ventilation and smoke extraction efficiency is low, and it can only dilute pollutants rather than effectively remove them. It usually takes about 2 hours to resume construction after blasting, which is difficult to match the engineering requirements of rapid construction. (2) This method cannot remove NO in the exhaust gas. x Even with effective treatment of toxic and harmful gases such as CO and sulfides, the treated gases still cannot meet high standards of environmental protection and occupational health requirements, and still pose a serious threat to the construction safety and health of workers.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a mobile modular exhaust gas purification device to achieve rapid and targeted removal and purification of blasting fumes, dust, and toxic and harmful gases at the working face, to protect the physical and mental health of workers, accelerate the construction progress, and at the same time ensure that the treated gas meets occupational health and safety standards and environmental emission standards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of low treatment efficiency, incomplete pollutant removal, and difficulty in meeting the requirements of rapid construction in existing underground cavern blasting fumes, this invention provides a mobile modular waste gas purification device and method to solve these problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a mobile modular exhaust gas purification device, comprising a dust removal and filtration unit that introduces exhaust gas through negative pressure at the input end, including a pre-filter module and a fine filter module, both of which achieve graded filtration through different sieve openings to remove large particles of gravel and dust larger than 5μm; a buffer spray unit connected to the output end of the dust removal and filtration unit at the input end, including a buffer module, an ozone module, and a spray module; the buffer module introduces filtered exhaust gas and ozone generated by the ozone module, causing the two to form turbulent flow for thorough mixing, oxidizing low-valent nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas into high-valent nitrogen oxides that are easily soluble in water. Nitrogen oxides; the spray module sprays alkaline solution, which mixes evenly with the introduced oxidizing waste gas to remove nitrogen oxides and sulfides from the waste gas; the input end is connected to the output end of the buffer spray unit, and the dehumidification catalytic unit includes a dehumidification module and a catalytic module. The dehumidification module removes moisture from the alkaline washing waste gas and then delivers it to the catalytic module for catalysis, so that the high concentration of CO generated during drilling and blasting is efficiently converted into CO2; the terminal fan at the output end of the dehumidification catalytic unit outputs negative pressure to introduce waste gas and discharge purified gas; and the sensing unit detects dust filtration pressure difference, NO x The system monitors the concentration, pH of the alkaline solution, and temperature and humidity of the waste gas, and uploads the measured values ​​to the central control unit. The central control unit automatically triggers control commands based on the measured data, thereby ensuring that each functional unit is always in normal operating condition and ensuring the purification efficiency of the entire process of dust removal, denitrification, desulfurization, and CO removal.

[0007] Furthermore, the buffer module includes a buffer box, a buffer perforated plate, a buffer air inlet, and a buffer exhaust outlet; the buffer box is a sealed box with a buffer air inlet at its front end for inputting dust removal exhaust gas, and a buffer exhaust outlet at its rear end connected to the input end of the spray module; the buffer perforated plate is arranged in two sets parallel to each other in the vertical direction inside the buffer box, the first set is located at the front end of the buffer box to receive the initial mixed airflow of ozone and exhaust gas, and the second set is located in the middle and rear section of the buffer box to perform secondary stabilization and uniform distribution of the mixed airflow.

[0008] Furthermore, the ozone module includes an ozone chamber and ozone injection pipes; the ozone chamber is located at the top of the buffer chamber, and it delivers ozone into the buffer chamber through pipelines and sprays it out through the ozone injection pipes for oxidation; there are two sets of ozone injection pipes in the buffer chamber, which are arranged in parallel at the top and bottom of the buffer air inlet and located at the front end of the first set of buffer perforated plates, and the spray range of the two sets of ozone injection pipes covers the entire cross-section of the input exhaust gas.

[0009] Furthermore, the spray module includes a spray box, a spray air inlet, a spray exhaust outlet, spray pipes, an upper perforated plate, and a lower perforated plate; the spray box is a sealed box; the spray air inlet is located at the front end of the spray box and connected to the buffer exhaust outlet, and a downward bend is provided at one end of the spray air inlet inside the spray box; the spray exhaust outlet is located at the rear end of the spray box, discharging the alkaline washing waste gas into the input end of the dehumidification catalytic unit; multiple sets of spray pipes are arranged horizontally in parallel inside the spray box, and each set of spray pipes is provided with multiple sets of nozzles; the upper perforated plate and the lower perforated plate are arranged horizontally in parallel inside the spray box, and are respectively located at the top and bottom of the spray pipes.

[0010] Furthermore, the dehumidification module is provided in two sets, with one in use and one on standby. Each set of dehumidification modules includes a dehumidification chamber, a desiccant layer, an adsorbent layer, an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a drying exhaust valve, a dehumidification inlet, and a dehumidification exhaust outlet. The dehumidification chamber has a fully enclosed structure, with a dehumidification inlet at the upper front, a dehumidification exhaust outlet at the bottom, and a drying exhaust valve at the top. The dehumidification inlet has an inlet valve, and the dehumidification exhaust outlet has an outlet valve. The desiccant layer is located horizontally in the middle of the dehumidification chamber and is made of honeycomb zeolite desiccant. The adsorbent layer is located at the bottom of the desiccant layer and is made of honeycomb activated carbon.

[0011] Furthermore, the drying module is located at the front end of the dehumidification chamber and includes a drying fan, an electric heater, and a drying pipe. The drying fan draws air from the environment, heats it with the electric heater, and then enters the dehumidification chamber through the drying pipe to dry the desiccant layer with hot air, thus removing the water adsorbed by the zeolite.

[0012] Furthermore, the catalytic module includes a catalyst housing and a catalyst packing layer; the catalyst housing is a sealed housing, with a catalytic air inlet at the front end connected to the output end of the dehumidification module, and a catalytic exhaust port at the rear end connected to the terminal fan; the catalyst packing layer is located inside the catalyst housing and includes multiple sets of carbon plates. Hogalat agent is packed in the form of carbon plates, forming a porous structure, allowing airflow to penetrate the carbon plates evenly and ensuring full contact between CO and the catalyst.

[0013] Furthermore, the dust removal and filtration unit also includes a dust removal box, which is a box-shaped structure with a dust removal air inlet at the top front end, a funnel-shaped sloping dust accumulation groove at the bottom of the box, and a dust removal exhaust port at the rear end; the primary filter module is located at the dust removal air inlet and includes an air inlet grille, a metal filter screen, and a filter cotton layer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside; the fine filter module is located inside the dust removal box, with its side sealed to the inner wall panel of the dust removal box, its front end connected to the dust removal air inlet, and its rear end connected to the dust removal exhaust port; the fine filter module uses coated filter material as the filter layer, and the coated filter material is selected from PTFE membrane filter cartridges or cloth bags.

[0014] Furthermore, the dust removal and filtration unit also includes a compressed air module and an ash discharge assembly; the compressed air module is located at the rear end of the dust collector housing, and includes an air compressor, an air tank, a pulse jet valve, and a nozzle, the nozzle extending into the dust collector housing and connecting to the filter cartridge or filter bag respectively; the ash discharge assembly includes a spiral shaft and an ash discharge box, the spiral shaft is located in the ash accumulation trough, one end of which is connected to a drive motor, and the other end extends out of the front end of the dust collector housing and connects to the ash discharge box, collecting dust into the ash discharge box.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a mobile modular exhaust gas purification method is provided, comprising the following steps: S1: The terminal fan generates negative pressure to draw the exhaust gas generated during drilling and blasting of underground caverns into the device; S2: Exhaust gas enters the dust removal and filtration unit, and the dust concentration is reduced to below 10mg / m³ through staged filtration. S3: The filtered exhaust gas enters the buffer module of the buffer spray unit, forming turbulence and fully mixing with ozone, oxidizing low-valent NO into easily soluble high-valent nitrogen oxides; S4: Oxidation waste gas is introduced into the spray module and mixed evenly with the spray alkaline solution to remove nitrogen oxides and sulfides from the waste gas; S5: Alkaline washing exhaust gas enters the dehumidification module to remove moisture and trace amounts of VOCs; S6: Dry waste gas flows through the catalytic module, where CO is catalytically oxidized into harmless CO2 under the action of hopalat agent; S7: The purified exhaust gas is extracted by the terminal fan and discharged into the working environment.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The waste gas purification device of the present invention adopts a multi-stage purification process of dust removal, ozone oxidation, alkaline washing for desulfurization and denitrification, dehumidification, and catalytic oxidation to achieve purification of dust and NO. x It can accurately remove multiple pollutants such as CO and sulfides, and the concentration of each pollutant after treatment meets occupational health and environmental protection standards. Compared with the traditional ventilation and dilution method, construction can be resumed 30 to 60 minutes after blasting, reducing the operation time by more than 60% and greatly improving construction efficiency.

[0017] 2. The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention adopts an independent modular design for each functional unit. It can be flexibly connected by connecting hoses, and can be flexibly combined or activated individually according to the composition of exhaust gas on site to achieve purification on demand. The size of a single module is adapted to the narrow space of a tunnel, and it can be mounted on a trailer for rapid movement and deployment. It can be flexibly adjusted according to the construction position of the working face to complete the targeted removal of blasting smoke, and is suitable for various underground cavern drilling and blasting construction scenarios.

[0018] 3. The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention realizes real-time monitoring and automatic control of the operating parameters of each unit through a closed-loop control system of sensing unit and central control unit. It can complete operations such as automatic cleaning of filter material, dynamic adjustment of ozone amount, automatic replenishment of alkaline solution, and seamless switching between one-on-one use and one-on-standby dehumidification module. No manual intervention is required throughout the process, realizing unmanned operation and greatly reducing labor costs and operational errors.

[0019] 4. The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention, through the hot air regeneration of zeolite desiccant in the dehumidification module and the purging and reuse of compressed air for filter material, realizes the recyclability of core consumables and reduces the frequency of consumable replacement; the catalytic module, dust removal unit and other consumables adopt standardized filling form, which is convenient to replace, and the terminal fan frequency conversion control realizes on-demand energy supply, further reducing the equipment operation and maintenance costs.

[0020] 5. The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention adopts a sealed design for each unit, and the connecting parts are made of high airtight materials to achieve zero leakage of the device, ensuring that the exhaust gas passes through the purification unit without secondary pollution caused by leakage; at the same time, the structure of airflow distribution and vibration buffer is optimized, the equipment has low operating resistance and strong stability, and can be used in complex working conditions of high humidity and dust in underground caverns, and is suitable for long-term continuous operation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mobile modular exhaust gas purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the waste gas purification device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust removal and filtration unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer spray unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon monoxide treatment unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the control logic diagram of the main control unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the waste gas purification device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-Dust removal and filtration unit, including: 11-Dust removal box, 111-Dust removal air inlet, 112-Dust removal exhaust outlet, 113-Dust accumulation trough, 114-Maintenance top window, 12-Primary filter module, 121-Air inlet grille, 122-Metal filter screen, 123-Filter cotton layer, 13-Fine filter module, 14-Compressed air module, 15-Dust discharge assembly, 151-Spiral shaft, 152-Dust discharge box; 2-Buffer spray unit, including: 21-Buffer module, 211-Buffer box, 212-Buffer perforated plate, 213-Buffer air inlet, 214-Buffer exhaust port, 215-Buffer box inspection door, 22-Ozone module, 221-Ozone box, 222-Ozone spray pipe, 23-Spray module, 231-Spray box, 232-Spray air inlet, 233-Spray exhaust port, 234-Spray pump, 235-Spray pipe, 236-Replenishment pipe, 237-Upper perforated plate, 238-Lower perforated plate, 239-Spray inspection window; 3-Dehumidification catalytic unit, including: 31-Dehumidification module, 311-Dehumidification chamber, 312-Desiccant layer, 313-Adsorbent layer, 314-Inlet valve, 315-Outlet valve, 316-Drying exhaust valve, 317-Dehumidification chamber access door, 318-Dehumidification inlet, 319-Dehumidification exhaust port, 32-Drying module, 321-Drying fan, 322-Electric heater, 323-Drying pipe, 33-Catalyst module, 331-Catalyst chamber, 332-Catalyst filling layer, 333-Catalyst access door, 334-Catalyst inlet, 335-Catalyst exhaust port; 4-Sensing unit, including: 41-Differential pressure sensor; 42-Inlet NOx sensor; 43-Outlet NOx sensor; 44-pH sensor; 45-Liquid level sensor; 46-Temperature sensor; 47-Humidity sensor; 5-Connecting hose; 6-Terminal fan. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] like Figures 1-7As shown, the present invention provides a mobile modular exhaust gas purification device, including a dust removal and filtration unit 1, a buffer spray unit 2, a dehumidification and catalytic unit 3, a sensing unit 4, a terminal fan 6, and a central control unit. The dust removal and filtration unit 1 includes a primary filtration module 12 and a fine filtration module 13, which achieve graded filtration through different sieve openings to remove large particles of crushed stone and dust larger than 5μm. The buffer spray unit 2 includes a buffer module 21, an ozone module 22, and a spray module 23. The buffer module 21 introduces filtered waste gas and ozone generated by the ozone module 22, creating turbulent flow for thorough mixing, oxidizing low-valent nitrogen oxides in the waste gas into water-soluble high-valent nitrogen oxides. The spray module 23 sprays alkaline solution, which mixes evenly with the introduced oxidizing waste gas to remove nitrogen oxides and sulfides from the waste gas. The dehumidification and catalytic unit 3 includes a dehumidification module 31 and a catalytic module 33. The dehumidification module 31 removes moisture from the alkaline washing waste gas and then delivers it to the catalytic module 33 for catalysis, efficiently converting the high-concentration CO generated during drilling and blasting operations into CO2. The terminal fan 6 outputs negative pressure to introduce waste gas and discharge purified gas. The sensing unit 4 is used to detect dust filtration pressure difference and NO. x The system monitors the concentration, pH of the alkaline solution, and temperature and humidity of the waste gas, uploading these values ​​to the central control unit. The central control unit automatically triggers control commands based on the data, ensuring all functional units operate normally and guaranteeing the overall purification efficiency of dust removal, nitrogen removal, desulfurization, and CO removal. It also enables intelligent and automated operation of the device, adapting to the operational needs of mobile purification in long tunnels. This invention's purification device achieves synergistic treatment of multiple pollutants through multi-stage purification unit coupling. It features large air volume, high efficiency, intelligence, and miniaturization, with a purification capacity of no less than 1500 m³ / min, suitable for passage through narrow tunnel spaces, and the treated air quality meets current construction specifications.

[0025] like Figures 1-3 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the dust removal and filtration unit 1 is used to achieve graded and efficient filtration of large particulate impurities and dust in the explosion exhaust gas, reducing the dust concentration in the exhaust gas to below 10mg / m³, and avoiding dust clogging of subsequent buffer, spray, catalytic and other units; the dust removal and filtration unit 1 includes a dust removal box 11, a primary filter module 12, a fine filter module 13, a compressed air module 14 and an ash unloading component 15.

[0026] The dust collector housing 11 is made of stainless steel and has a box-shaped structure. It features a protruding square opening at the top front and a funnel-shaped sloping ash collection trough 113 at the bottom. The protruding square opening serves as the dust collection inlet 111, optimizing the airflow direction and reducing airflow impact and turbulence. The ash collection trough 113 collects filtered dust, facilitating subsequent ash removal. Furthermore, the dust collector housing 11 has a dust collection exhaust port 112 at its rear end, connected to the input end of the buffer spray unit 2 via a connecting hose 5, enabling seamless delivery of filtered exhaust gas. Preferably, the dust collector housing 11 also has a maintenance window 114 at the top. Opening the maintenance window 114 allows for filter replacement, equipment maintenance, and internal cleaning. The maintenance window 114 is sealed to the top wall panel of the housing to prevent exhaust gas leakage and ensure the airtightness of the dust filtration system.

[0027] The primary filtration module 12 is located at the dust collection inlet 111 to filter dust particles in the exhaust gas. It includes an intake grille 121, a metal filter screen 122, and a filter cotton layer 123 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The louver angle of the intake grille 121 can be adjusted on-site to adapt to the exhaust gas collection needs at different locations on the tunnel face. The metal filter screen 122 and the filter cotton layer 123 are inserted into the rear end of the intake grille through a sliding rail groove, which facilitates subsequent disassembly, replacement, and other maintenance operations. The metal filter screen 122 first filters large particulate impurities (such as dust and gravel) in the exhaust gas, and the filter cotton layer 123 further filters fine dust particles. The dual primary filtration effectively prevents large foreign objects from entering the dust collection box 11 and causing internal equipment blockage.

[0028] The fine filtration module 13 is located inside the dust collector housing 11, with its side sealed to the inner wall panel of the dust collector housing 11 to prevent exhaust gas from bypassing the fine filtration module 13 and entering the next purification unit, causing blockage. The front end of the fine filtration module 13 is connected to the dust collector inlet 111 to finely filter the pre-filtered exhaust gas, and its rear end is connected to the dust collector exhaust outlet 112 to transport the finely filtered exhaust gas to the buffer spray unit 2. Furthermore, the fine filtration module 13 uses coated filter material as the filter layer. The coated filter material is selected from PTFE membrane filter cartridges or cloth bags with a fiber diameter of 3-5μm. The filtration efficiency for dust particles larger than 5μm is not less than 99%, ensuring that the dust concentration of the finely filtered exhaust gas is ≤10mg / m³. The filter layer is fixed to the perforated plate inside the housing by pressure strips. The layout of the filter layer matches the airflow direction of the housing, prolonging the contact time between the exhaust gas and the filter material and improving the fine filtration effect.

[0029] The compressed air module 14 is located at the rear end of the dust collector housing 11. It includes an air compressor, an air tank, a pulse jet valve, and a nozzle. The nozzle extends into the dust collector housing 11 and is connected to the filter cartridges or bags that make up the filter layer. High-pressure gas is generated by the air compressor and stored in the air tank. When the sensing unit 4 detects an abnormal pressure difference and blockage in the dust collector housing 11, it controls the pulse jet valve to open and inject compressed air into the nozzle using pulse jets. The nozzle precisely blows air into each filter cartridge / bag, causing radial deformation of the filter material and shaking off the attached dust. This prevents dust from clogging the filter material, which would lead to a decrease in filtration efficiency and a surge in system resistance. After the dust removal is completed and the pressure difference returns to normal, the system automatically stops the dust removal process, achieving intelligent and automated dust removal.

[0030] The dust unloading assembly 15 is used to automatically unload the dust accumulated at the bottom of the dust collector 11. It includes a spiral shaft 151 and a dust unloading box 152. The spiral shaft 151 is located in the dust accumulation trough 113, with one end connected to a drive motor and the other end extending out of the front end of the dust collector 11 and connecting to the dust unloading box 152 to collect the dust. The dust unloading assembly 15 adopts a double-row parallel design. The rotation of the spiral shaft 151 transports the dust to the dust unloading box 152, eliminating the need for manual dust cleaning. This meets the requirements of unmanned operation in tunnel construction and avoids pollution caused by secondary dust re-entrainment.

[0031] When the dust removal and filtration unit of the present invention is in operation, the exhaust gas enters the dust removal box 11 through the air inlet 111. First, it passes through the air inlet grille 121, metal filter screen 122, and filter cotton layer 123 of the pre-filtration module 12 to filter large particles and coarse dust. Then, the exhaust gas flows through the fine filtration module 13 to achieve efficient filtration of fine dust larger than 5μm, reducing the dust concentration to below 10mg / m³. The filtered clean exhaust gas is transported to the subsequent buffer spray unit 2 through the exhaust port 112. When the differential pressure sensor detects that the filter material is blocked, the compressed air module 14 automatically starts pulse cleaning. The shaken dust is collected in the dust accumulation trough 113, and the dust is automatically unloaded by the rotation of the spiral shaft 151 of the dust unloading component 15, completing the closed-loop process of dust removal, cleaning, and unloading.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the buffer spray unit 2 is used to purify nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas, and it includes a buffer module 21, an ozone module 22 and a spray module 23.

[0033] The buffer module 21 has its input end connected to the dust removal exhaust port 112 of the dust removal filter 1 via a connecting hose 5. This connection is used to achieve a stable and uniform distribution of the dust removal exhaust gas, ensuring that the exhaust gas and ozone are mixed evenly. The module includes a buffer housing 211, a buffer perforated plate 212, a buffer air inlet 213, a buffer exhaust port 214, and a buffer housing inspection door 215. The buffer housing 211 is a sealed housing made of stainless steel, and its front end has a buffer air inlet 213 as the input end connected to the dust removal exhaust port 112. 12 is connected to the input of dust removal exhaust gas, and its rear end is provided with a buffer exhaust port 214 connected to the input end of the spray module 23; the buffer perforated plate 212 is provided in two sets in parallel along the vertical direction inside the buffer box 211. The first set is located at the front end of the buffer box 211 to receive the initial mixed airflow of ozone and exhaust gas. The second set is located in the middle and rear section of the buffer box 211 to perform secondary stabilization and uniform distribution of the mixed airflow; the buffer box inspection door 215 is located on the side of the buffer box 211 for easy internal inspection and cleaning.

[0034] The ozone module 22 provides a corresponding amount of ozone to the buffer module 21, thereby oxidizing low-valent nitrogen oxides in the waste gas into high-valent nitrogen oxides that are easily soluble in water. It includes an ozone chamber 221 and an ozone injection pipe 222. The ozone chamber 221 is located on top of the buffer chamber 211 and acts as an ozone generator. It can adjust the ozone generation amount according to the concentration of low-valent nitrogen oxides in the buffer module 21, achieving a precise match between ozone production and the NO oxidation requirement in the waste gas. This ensures oxidation efficiency while avoiding excessive ozone waste. Ozone is transported to the buffer chamber 211 through pipelines and then sprayed out through the ozone injection pipe 222 for oxidation. The process involves two sets of ozone injection pipes 222 within the buffer housing 211, arranged parallel to each other at the top and bottom of the buffer air inlet 213 and located at the front end of the first set of porous buffer plates 212. The injection range of the two sets of ozone injection pipes 222 covers the entire cross-section of the input exhaust gas, avoiding blind spots in ozone addition and ensuring the initial uniformity of ozone distribution in the exhaust gas from the source. Combined with the turbulence effect of the double-layer porous buffer plates 212, the ozone and exhaust gas change from "natural diffusion mixing" to "forced turbulent mixing," significantly increasing the contact area between ozone and exhaust gas, shortening the mixing time, and ensuring that the NO oxidation reaction proceeds fully.

[0035] The strong oxidizing properties of ozone (O3) oxidize water-insoluble low-valent nitrogen oxides (mainly NO) into water-soluble high-valent nitrogen oxides. The main reaction principle is as follows: NO + O3 → NO2 + O2; NO2 + O3 → NO3- + O2; NO2+NO3-→N2O5; The generated N2O5 is highly soluble in water.

[0036] The spray module 23 achieves efficient chemical absorption of acidic harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfides through alkaline spraying, thereby realizing denitrification and desulfurization purification of waste gas. The spray module 23 includes a spray box 231, a spray air inlet 232, a spray exhaust outlet 233, a spray pump 234, a spray pipe 235, a liquid replenishment pipe 236, an upper perforated plate 237, a lower perforated plate 238, and a spray inspection window 239. The spray box 231 is a sealed enclosure made of stainless steel, providing an independent and controllable space for the gas-liquid contact and chemical absorption of the alkaline solution and waste gas, preventing waste gas leakage and spray liquid overflow. The spray inlet 232 is located at the front end of the spray box 231 and is connected to the buffer exhaust port 214. One end of the spray inlet 232 inside the spray box 231 has a downward-curved pipe that bends downwards at a 45° angle to prevent the spray liquid from flowing back into the upstream buffer module 21 and ozone module 22, thus preventing damage to core components such as the ozone generator and porous buffer plate. Damage upon contact with liquid; the spray exhaust port 233 is located at the rear end of the spray box 231, discharging the alkaline washing waste gas into the input end of the dehumidification catalytic unit 3; the spray pump 234 is located at the rear end of the spray box 231, pressurizing and transporting the alkaline solution at the bottom of the box to the spray pipe 232, realizing continuous circulation spraying of the alkaline solution; multiple sets of spray pipes 235 are arranged horizontally in parallel within the spray box 231, each set of spray pipes 23 is equipped with multiple sets of nozzles, which form fine mist droplets of alkaline solution, maximizing the gas-liquid contact area, eliminating spray blind spots, and ensuring thorough contact between waste gas and alkaline solution. Contact improves the absorption efficiency of acidic gases; the replenishment pipe 236 is connected to the spray box 231 to replenish the box with alkaline solution. When the pH sensor 44 and liquid level sensor 45 of the sensing unit 4 detect that the pH value or liquid level of the spray liquid is too low, NaOH alkaline solution is automatically replenished to ensure the stable absorption capacity of the spray liquid without manual intervention; the upper porous plate 237 and the lower porous plate 238 are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other in the spray box 231, and are located at the top and bottom of the spray pipe 235 respectively; the lower porous plate 238 is used to suppress The alkali-making liquid water flow is designed to prevent splashing of the spray liquid. It works in conjunction with the downward-curved pipe at the spray inlet 232. After entering the chamber through the downward-curved pipe, the exhaust gas flows downwards through the array of perforations on the lower perforated plate 238, is blocked at the bottom of the chamber, and then flows back through the perforations again, creating turbulence. This secondary distribution of the exhaust gas entering the spray area ensures more uniform contact between the airflow and the alkali droplets, improving absorption efficiency. The upper perforated plate 237 is used to evenly distribute the exhaust gas flow and reduce the amount of water droplets carried in the exhaust gas entering the subsequent dehumidification catalytic unit 3, preventing high humidity from affecting catalyst activity. The spray inspection window 239 is located on the side of the spray chamber 231, facilitating on-site cleaning of nozzle blockages, replacement of spray pipes, and cleaning of scale buildup on the inner wall of the chamber, reducing the difficulty of on-site equipment maintenance and adapting to the rapid operation and maintenance needs of engineering construction.

[0037] The spray module 23 uses an alkaline solution (such as NaOH) to wash the flue gas, absorbing high-valence nitrogen oxides and converting them into salts, thereby completely removing them from the flue gas. N₂O₅ + 2NaOH → 2NaNO₃ + H₂O 2NO2 + 2NaOH → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O Meanwhile, since the exhaust gas contains some SO2, it can also be removed through a combination of ozone and alkaline scrubbing: SO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₃ + H₂O Na2SO3 + O3 → Na2SO4.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, when the buffer spray unit 2 is operating, the dust removal exhaust gas enters the buffer box 211, and the ozone generated by the ozone module 22 is evenly sprayed into the buffer box 211 through the spray pipe 222. After the exhaust gas and ozone are evenly distributed and mixed by the two sets of buffer porous plates 212, the oxidation conversion of NO to high-valence nitrogen oxides is completed. The oxidized exhaust gas enters the spray box 231 of the spray module 23. After the inlet lower bend pipe prevents the alkaline solution from flowing back, it comes into full contact with the alkaline washing liquid sprayed from the spray pipe 235. The alkaline solution chemically absorbs the high-valence nitrogen oxides and sulfides. After the exhaust gas with the harmful gases removed passes through the upper porous plate 237 to remove water, it is transported to the subsequent dehumidification catalytic unit 3 through the spray exhaust port 233. Throughout the process, the sensing unit 4 dynamically controls the amount of ozone generated, and the pH sensor 44 and the liquid level sensor 45 realize the automatic replenishment of alkaline solution and parameter stabilization, thus completing the closed-loop treatment of denitrification and desulfurization.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the dehumidification catalytic unit 3 is used to remove water vapor and trace VOCs from the alkaline washing waste gas, and to efficiently catalytically oxidize the toxic CO in the waste gas into harmless CO2; the dehumidification catalytic unit 3 includes a dehumidification module 31, a drying module 32 and a catalytic module 33.

[0040] The dehumidification module 31 removes moisture and trace VOCs from the exhaust gas after alkaline washing, controlling the humidity of the exhaust gas within the suitable operating range of the catalytic module 33, and avoiding the decrease or failure of catalyst activity due to high humidity. The dehumidification module 31 is provided in two sets, with one set in use and one set in standby. Each set of dehumidification modules 31 includes a dehumidification box 311, a desiccant layer 312, an adsorbent layer 313, an inlet valve 314, an outlet valve 315, a drying exhaust valve 316, a dehumidification box inspection door 317, a dehumidification inlet 318, and a dehumidification exhaust outlet 319.

[0041] The dehumidification chamber 311 is located at the rear end of the buffer spray unit 2 and is a fully enclosed structure. A dehumidification air inlet 318 is located at the upper front end as an input terminal, connected to the spray exhaust port 233 of the buffer spray unit 2 via a connecting hose 5, for receiving high-humidity exhaust gas after alkaline washing. A dehumidification exhaust port 319 is located at the lower rear end of the dehumidification chamber 311 and connected to the input terminal of the catalytic module 33, for conveying dehumidified and purified dry exhaust gas. Furthermore, a dry exhaust valve 316 is located at the top of the dehumidification chamber 311 for discharging humid air, and a dehumidification chamber inspection door 317 is located on the side for convenient replacement of internal packing materials, equipment cleaning, and fault repair. An inlet valve 314 is located on the dehumidification air inlet 318, and an outlet valve 315 is located on the dehumidification exhaust port 319. The opening and closing of the inlet valve 314 and the outlet valve 315 automatically switches the dual dehumidification chamber 311 between dehumidification and standby functions.

[0042] The desiccant layer 312 is located horizontally in the middle of the dehumidification chamber 311. It is made of honeycomb zeolite desiccant and utilizes the unique molecular sieve effect and strong electrostatic adsorption characteristics of zeolite to remove moisture. The zeolite adsorption of moisture is a physical process without chemical reaction. It can be dried and regenerated by hot air above 40°C provided by the drying module 32. After regeneration, it can be repeatedly recycled. The adsorption saturation time of a single zeolite desiccant is about 4-8 hours, and the drying and regeneration time is about 1 hour. It is economical, environmentally friendly, and suitable for the continuous operation requirements of engineering projects.

[0043] The adsorbent layer 313 is located at the bottom of the desiccant layer 312. It is made of honeycomb activated carbon and has extremely strong physical adsorption properties. It can effectively remove trace amounts of VOCs, sulfide residues and other impurities that have a negative impact on the hopalat agent from the exhaust gas, further purifying the exhaust gas, avoiding catalyst failure and extending the service life of the consumables of the catalytic module 33.

[0044] The drying module 32 is used to send hot air into the dehumidification chamber 311 to heat, dry, and regenerate the desiccant layer 312, thereby realizing the recycling of zeolite desiccant and reducing consumable costs. The drying module 32 is located at the front end of the dehumidification chamber 311 and includes a drying fan 321, an electric heater 322, and a drying pipe 323. The drying fan 321 draws air from the environment, heats it to above 40°C by the electric heater 322, and then enters the dehumidification chamber 311 through the drying pipe 323 to dry the desiccant layer 312 with hot air, removing the moisture adsorbed by the zeolite.

[0045] When the dehumidification module 31 is in operation, the high-humidity exhaust gas after alkaline washing enters the dehumidification chamber 311 through the dehumidification inlet 318, and passes through the desiccant layer 312 and the adsorbent layer 313 in sequence. The zeolite desiccant adsorbs the moisture in the exhaust gas, and the honeycomb activated carbon adsorbs trace amounts of VOCs and toxic impurities of the catalyst. The dehumidified and purified dry exhaust gas is then transported to the catalytic module 33 through the dehumidification outlet 319. During this stage, the inlet valve 314 and the outlet valve 315 remain open, while the dry exhaust valve 316 remains closed. The humidity sensor 47, located at the dehumidification outlet 319, monitors the humidity at the exhaust gas outlet in real time. When the humidity exceeds the set threshold (30%RH), it is determined that the desiccant layer 312 is saturated, and the detection data is immediately uploaded to the central control unit. After receiving the humidity exceeding the standard signal, the central control unit automatically sends a command to quickly shut down the current dehumidification module. The inlet valve 314 and outlet valve 315 of module 31 are opened simultaneously with the inlet and outlet valves of the standby dehumidification module 31, allowing the exhaust gas to seamlessly switch to the standby module for dehumidification without delay, ensuring continuous exhaust gas treatment. After the current dehumidification module 31 stops operating, the main control unit automatically starts the drying module 32 and opens its drying exhaust valve 316. The drying fan 321 draws air from the environment, heats it to above 40°C by the electric heater 322, and then enters the dehumidification chamber 311 through the drying pipe 323 to dry the desiccant layer 312 with hot air, removing the moisture adsorbed by the zeolite. The humid exhaust gas is discharged from the equipment through the drying exhaust valve 316. After regeneration is completed, the drying module 32 stops operating, the drying exhaust valve 316 automatically closes, and the dehumidification module 31 enters standby mode, waiting for the next switch.

[0046] The catalytic module 33 is used to efficiently convert toxic CO in the exhaust gas into harmless CO2. It includes a catalyst housing 331, a catalyst filling layer 332, a catalytic inspection door 333, a catalytic air inlet 334, and a catalytic exhaust outlet 335.

[0047] The catalyst housing 331 is a sealed housing with a catalytic air inlet 334 at its front end connected to a dehumidifying exhaust port 319 for receiving the dried exhaust gas after dehumidification and adsorption. The rear end of the housing is equipped with a catalytic exhaust port 335 connected to the terminal fan 6, which discharges the purified exhaust gas after catalytic treatment through the negative pressure of the fan. The side of the housing is equipped with a catalytic inspection door 333 for easy replacement of the catalyst packing layer 332, cleaning of the internal flow channel and fault repair.

[0048] The catalyst packing layer 332 is located inside the catalyst housing 331 and includes multiple sets of carbon plates. Hogalat agent is packed using these carbon plates, forming a porous structure that allows for uniform airflow penetration, ensuring sufficient contact between CO and the catalyst. The multiple sets of carbon plates are arranged in an orderly manner according to the airflow direction, guaranteeing sufficient contact time for the exhaust gas within the packing layer and preventing incomplete CO catalysis due to excessively rapid airflow, thus ensuring a complete catalytic reaction. This catalyst packing layer 332 can operate continuously for 24 hours without intermittent regeneration requirements, only needing periodic replacement of consumables, making it suitable for the continuous operation rhythm of underground cavern drilling and blasting construction.

[0049] like Figure 1 , 6 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the sensing unit 4 collects and accurately detects the full-process operating parameters of the dust removal and filtration unit 1, the buffer spray unit 2, and the dehumidification catalytic unit 3 in real time through corresponding sensors. After uploading the data to the central control unit, the central control unit triggers interlock control commands to realize the automatic adjustment of the operating parameters of each purification unit and the intelligent switching of equipment status, ensuring the overall purification efficiency, operational stability, and automation level of the device. The sensing unit 4 includes a differential pressure sensor 41 and an inlet NO... x Sensor 42, Export NO x Sensor 43, pH sensor 44, liquid level sensor 45, temperature sensor 46, and humidity sensor 47.

[0050] The differential pressure sensor 41 is installed inside the dust removal box 11 of the dust removal and filtration unit 1. It monitors the pressure difference between the front and rear ends of the primary filter module 12 and the fine filter module 13 respectively. When the filter material is blocked due to dust accumulation, the flow resistance increases and the pressure difference value exceeds the set threshold. The main control unit controls the compressed air module 14 to start the pulse cleaning program.

[0051] The imported NO x Sensor 42 is installed at the dust collector inlet 111 to detect NO in the initial exhaust gas. x Concentration; the outlet NO x Sensor 43 is installed at the catalytic exhaust port 335 to detect the NO in the purified exhaust gas that is finally discharged after treatment by the buffer spray unit 2. x Concentration; the two are used together to collect NO in real time. x The central control unit compares the inlet raw value and the outlet treated value of NO concentration to accurately calculate the device's NO concentration. x The processing efficiency is monitored, and the denitrification efficiency of buffer spray unit 2 is also monitored; after the detection data is uploaded to the main control unit, if the imported NO... x Increased concentration or NO at the export xWhen the concentration exceeds the standard threshold of 5 mg / m³, the central control unit controls ozone module 22 and spray pump 234 to dynamically adjust the ozone delivery rate based on concentration changes, ensuring that NO is fully oxidized to higher-valence nitrogen oxides; simultaneously, it adjusts the spray pump speed to increase the alkaline solution spray volume, thereby improving the chemical absorption efficiency of nitrogen oxides and ensuring that NO is fully oxidized after treatment. x The concentration meets the standard.

[0052] The pH sensor 44 is located in the spray box 231 of the buffer spray unit 2, in the spray alkaline solution, and directly detects the pH value of the alkaline solution. After the detection data is uploaded to the main control unit, if the pH value is lower than the set optimal working range of 10-12, the main control unit controls the liquid replenishment valve of the liquid replenishment pipe 236 to open and replenish the alkaline solution into the spray box 231.

[0053] The liquid level sensor 45 is installed in the spray box 231 of the buffer spray unit 2 to detect the liquid level of the spray liquid. If the liquid level is lower than the set threshold, the liquid replenishment valve of the replenishment pipe 236 is opened to replenish the alkali liquid.

[0054] The temperature sensor 46 is located inside the drying module 32 of the dehumidification catalytic unit 3 and is installed on the drying pipe 323 to detect the temperature of the dry hot air entering the dehumidification module 31.

[0055] The humidity sensor 47 is located at the dehumidification exhaust port 319 of the dehumidification module 31 of the dehumidification catalytic unit 3 to detect the humidity of the exhaust gas entering the catalytic module 33 after dehumidification treatment.

[0056] The connecting hose 5 is used to connect the dust removal and filtration unit 1, the buffer spray unit 2, the dehumidification and catalytic unit 3 and the exhaust gas conveying interface of the terminal fan 6, and undertakes the functions of sealed exhaust gas conveying, equipment vibration buffering and installation deviation compensation.

[0057] The terminal fan 6 is located at the catalytic exhaust port 335 of the dehumidification catalytic unit 3, providing continuous negative pressure traction power for the entire waste gas purification process. Through the negative pressure effect of the terminal fan 6, a continuous negative pressure zone is formed at the working face of the underground cavern, which quickly draws the blasting fumes, dust and toxic and harmful gases generated after the blast into the device, realizing the fixed-point, rapid and centralized treatment of waste gas, and greatly shortening the time for resuming construction after the blast.

[0058] The exhaust gas purification device of this invention uses a terminal fan 6 to generate negative pressure to draw in the blasting fumes from tunnel drilling and blasting operations. The fumes first enter the dust removal and filtration unit 1, where a primary filter module 12 removes large particulate impurities, and a fine filter module 13 reduces the dust concentration to below 10 mg / m³. The dust is then automatically cleaned and collected via a compressed air module 14 and an ash removal assembly 15. The filtered exhaust gas then enters the buffer spray unit 2, where it mixes thoroughly with ozone generated by the ozone module 22 within the buffer chamber 211 via a porous buffer plate 212. This process oxidizes insoluble NO into easily treatable high-valence nitrogen oxides. The oxidized NO then enters the spray chamber 231 where it comes into contact with an alkaline washing solution with a pH of 10-12. The nitrogen oxides are then removed and sulfided through the spray pipe 235 and spiral nozzles. Chemical absorption and removal of substances; alkaline washing exhaust gas enters dehumidification catalytic unit 3, first passing through dehumidification chamber 311 (one in use, one on standby), and then through desiccant layer 312 and adsorbent layer 313 to remove moisture and a small amount of VOCs, reducing the exhaust gas humidity to below 30%RH. The dried exhaust gas then enters catalyst chamber 331, where CO is efficiently converted into non-toxic CO2 through the catalytic action of hopalat agent in catalyst filling layer 332 at normal temperature and pressure. Finally, the qualified gas after multi-unit purification is extracted by negative pressure by terminal fan 6 and discharged into the tunnel working environment. Throughout the entire operation, various sensors in sensing unit 4 monitor the operating parameters of each link in real time, and the central control unit adjusts the operating status of each device in a coordinated manner, realizing intelligent and continuous purification throughout the entire process.

[0059] The waste gas purification device of this invention adopts a multi-stage purification process including dust removal, ozone oxidation, alkaline washing for desulfurization and denitrification, dehumidification, and catalytic oxidation to achieve purification of dust and NO. x It can accurately remove multiple pollutants such as CO and sulfides, and the concentration of each pollutant after treatment meets occupational health and environmental protection standards. Compared with the traditional ventilation and dilution method, construction can be resumed 30 to 60 minutes after blasting, reducing the operation time by more than 60% and greatly improving construction efficiency.

[0060] The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention adopts an independent modular design for each functional unit. It can be flexibly connected by connecting hoses, and can be flexibly combined or activated individually according to the composition of exhaust gas on site to achieve purification on demand. The size of each module is adapted to the narrow space of the tunnel, and can be mounted on a trailer for rapid movement and deployment. It can be flexibly adjusted according to the construction position of the working face to complete the targeted removal of blasting smoke, and is suitable for various underground cavern drilling and blasting construction scenarios.

[0061] The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention realizes real-time monitoring and automatic control of the operating parameters of each unit through a closed-loop control system of sensing unit and central control unit. It can complete operations such as automatic filter material cleaning, dynamic adjustment of ozone, automatic alkali replenishment, and seamless switching between one dehumidification module in use and one in standby. The whole process does not require manual intervention, realizes unmanned operation, and significantly reduces labor costs and operational errors.

[0062] The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention achieves the recycling of core consumables and reduces the frequency of consumable replacement by using a hot air regeneration of zeolite desiccant in the dehumidification module and a purging and reuse structure of compressed air for filter media. The catalytic module, dust removal unit and other consumables adopt a standardized filling form, which is convenient for replacement. At the same time, the variable frequency control of the terminal fan enables on-demand energy supply, further reducing the operating and maintenance costs of the equipment.

[0063] The exhaust gas purification device of the present invention adopts a sealed design for each unit and uses high airtight materials for connecting parts to achieve zero leakage of the device and ensure that the exhaust gas passes through the purification unit without secondary pollution caused by leakage. At the same time, the structure of airflow distribution and vibration buffer is optimized, resulting in low operating resistance and strong stability. It is suitable for complex working conditions with high humidity and dust in underground caverns and is suitable for long-term continuous operation.

[0064] like Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also provides a mobile modular exhaust gas purification method, comprising the following steps: S1: The terminal fan 6 generates negative pressure to draw the exhaust gas generated during drilling and blasting of the underground cavern into the device; S2: Exhaust gas enters dust removal and filtration unit 1, and the dust concentration is reduced to below 10mg / m³ through graded filtration; S3: The filtered exhaust gas enters the buffer module 21 of the buffer spray unit 2, forming turbulence and fully mixing with ozone, oxidizing low-valent NO into easily soluble high-valent nitrogen oxides; S4: Oxidation waste gas is introduced into the spray module 23 and mixed evenly with the spray alkaline solution to remove nitrogen oxides and sulfides from the waste gas; S5: The waste gas from the washing process enters the dehumidification module 31 to remove moisture and trace amounts of VOCs; S6: Dry waste gas flows through catalytic module 33, where CO is catalytically oxidized into harmless CO2 under the action of hopalat agent; S7: The purified exhaust gas is extracted by the terminal fan 6 and discharged into the working environment.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mobile modular waste gas purification device, characterized in that, include: The dust removal and filtration unit (1) that introduces exhaust gas through negative pressure at the input end includes a primary filter module (12) and a fine filter module (13). The two achieve graded filtration through different sieve holes to remove large particles of gravel and dust larger than 5μm. The buffer spray unit (2), whose input end is connected to the output end of the dust removal and filtration unit (1), includes a buffer module (21), an ozone module (22), and a spray module (23). The buffer module (21) introduces the filtered waste gas and the ozone generated by the ozone module (22) to form turbulence and mix them thoroughly, oxidizing the low-valent nitrogen oxides in the waste gas into high-valent nitrogen oxides that are easily soluble in water. The spray module (23) sprays alkaline solution, which mixes evenly with the introduced oxidizing waste gas to remove nitrogen oxides and sulfides from the waste gas. The dehumidification catalytic unit (3) whose input end is connected to the output end of the buffer spray unit (2) includes a dehumidification module (31) and a catalytic module (33). The dehumidification module (31) removes moisture from the alkaline washing waste gas and, after dehydration, transports it to the catalytic module (33) for catalysis, so that the high concentration of CO generated during drilling and blasting is efficiently converted into CO2. The terminal fan (6) located at the output end of the dehumidification catalytic unit (3) introduces the waste gas with negative pressure and discharges the purified gas. And the sensing unit (4), which detects dust filtration pressure difference, NO x The system monitors the concentration, pH of the alkaline solution, and temperature and humidity of the waste gas, and uploads the measured values ​​to the central control unit. The central control unit automatically triggers control commands based on the measured data, thereby ensuring that each functional unit is always in normal operating condition and ensuring the purification efficiency of the entire process of dust removal, denitrification, desulfurization, and CO removal.

2. The mobile modular waste gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer module (21) includes a buffer box (211), a buffer perforated plate (212), a buffer air inlet (213), and a buffer exhaust outlet (214). The buffer box (211) is a sealed box with a buffer air inlet (213) at its front end for inputting dust removal exhaust gas, and a buffer exhaust outlet (214) at its rear end connected to the input end of the spray module (23). The buffer perforated plate (212) is arranged in two parallel sets along the vertical direction inside the buffer box (211). The first set is located at the front end of the buffer box (211) to receive the initial mixed airflow of ozone and exhaust gas, and the second set is located in the middle and rear section of the buffer box (211) to perform secondary stabilization and uniform distribution of the mixed airflow.

3. The mobile modular waste gas purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ozone module (22) includes an ozone chamber (221) and an ozone injection pipe (222). The ozone chamber (221) is located on the top of the buffer chamber (211). It delivers ozone to the buffer chamber (211) through a pipeline and sprays it out through the ozone injection pipe (222) for oxidation. There are two sets of ozone injection pipes (222) in the buffer chamber (211). They are arranged in parallel at the top and bottom of the buffer air inlet (213) and are located at the front end of the first set of buffer perforated plate (212). The spray range of the two sets of ozone injection pipes (222) covers the entire cross section of the input exhaust gas.

4. The mobile modular exhaust gas purification device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spray module (23) includes a spray box (231), a spray air inlet (232), a spray exhaust outlet (233), a spray pipe (235), an upper perforated plate (237), and a lower perforated plate (238). The spray box (231) is a sealed box; the spray air inlet (232) is located at the front end of the spray box (231) and connected to the buffer exhaust port (214). The spray air inlet (232) is located inside the spray box (231) with a downward bend pipe at one end; the spray exhaust port (233) is located at the rear end of the spray box (231) and discharges the alkaline washing waste gas into the input end of the dehumidification catalytic unit (3); the spray pipes (235) are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction in multiple sets inside the spray box (231), and each set of spray pipes (235) is equipped with multiple sets of nozzles; the upper porous plate (237) and the lower porous plate (238) are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction inside the spray box (231) and are located at the top and bottom of the spray pipes (235) respectively.

5. A mobile modular waste gas purification device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The dehumidification module (31) is provided in two sets, with one set in use and one set in standby. Each set of dehumidification module (31) includes a dehumidification box (311), a desiccant layer (312), an adsorbent layer (313), an air inlet valve (314), an air outlet valve (315), a drying exhaust valve (316), a dehumidification air inlet (318), and a dehumidification exhaust outlet (319). The dehumidification chamber (311) has a fully enclosed structure, with a dehumidification air inlet (318) at the upper front end, a dehumidification exhaust port (319) at the bottom, and a drying exhaust valve (316) at the top. The dehumidification air inlet (318) is equipped with an air inlet valve (314), and the dehumidification exhaust port (319) is equipped with an air outlet valve (315). The desiccant layer (312) is located in the middle of the dehumidification chamber (311) in a horizontal direction and is made of honeycomb zeolite desiccant. The adsorbent layer (313) is located at the bottom of the desiccant layer (312) and is made of honeycomb activated carbon.

6. A mobile modular waste gas purification device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drying module (32) is located at the front end of the dehumidification chamber (311) and includes a drying fan (321), an electric heater (322) and a drying pipe (323). The drying fan (321) draws air from the environment, heats it through the electric heater (322), and enters the dehumidification chamber (311) through the drying pipe (323) to dry the desiccant layer (312) with hot air and remove the water adsorbed by the zeolite.

7. A mobile modular waste gas purification device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The catalyst module (33) includes a catalyst housing (331) and a catalyst filling layer (332). The catalyst housing (331) is a sealed housing with a catalytic air inlet (334) at the front end connected to the output end of the dehumidification module (31) and a catalytic exhaust port (335) at the rear end connected to the terminal fan (6). The catalyst filling layer (332) is located inside the catalyst housing (331) and includes multiple sets of carbon plates. Hogarat agent is filled in the form of carbon plates and a porous structure is formed. The airflow can penetrate the carbon plates evenly to ensure that CO and the catalyst are in full contact.

8. A mobile modular waste gas purification device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The dust removal and filtration unit (1) also includes a dust removal box (11), which is a box-shaped structure. The top front end is provided with a dust removal air inlet (111), the bottom of the box is provided with a funnel-shaped ash accumulation groove (113), and the rear end is provided with a dust removal exhaust port (112). The primary filter module (12) is located at the dust removal air inlet (111) and includes an air inlet grille (121), a metal filter screen (122) and a filter cotton layer (123) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The fine filter module (13) is located inside the dust removal box (11), with its side sealed to the inner wall panel of the dust removal box (11), its front end connected to the dust removal air inlet (111), and its rear end connected to the dust removal exhaust port (112). The fine filter module (13) uses coated filter material as the filter layer, and the coated filter material is selected from PTFE membrane filter cartridges or cloth bags.

9. A mobile modular waste gas purification device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dust removal and filtration unit (1) also includes a compressed air module (14) and an ash discharge assembly (15); the compressed air module (14) is located at the rear end of the dust removal box (11), and includes an air compressor, an air tank, a pulse jet valve and a nozzle. The nozzle is inserted into the dust removal box (11) and connected to the filter cartridge or cloth bag respectively; the ash discharge assembly (15) includes a spiral shaft (151) and an ash discharge box (152). The spiral shaft (151) is located in the ash accumulation trough (113), one end of which is connected to the drive motor, and the other end is inserted through the front end of the dust removal box (11) and connected to the ash discharge box (152) to collect dust into the ash discharge box (152).

10. A mobile modular exhaust gas purification method, implemented by any one of the mobile modular exhaust gas purification devices as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: S1: The terminal fan (6) generates negative pressure to draw the exhaust gas generated by drilling and blasting of the underground cavern into the device; S2: Exhaust gas enters the dust removal and filtration unit (1), and the dust concentration is reduced to below 10mg / m³ through graded filtration; S3: The filtered exhaust gas enters the buffer module (21) of the buffer spray unit (2), forming turbulence and fully mixing with ozone, oxidizing low-valent NO into easily soluble high-valent nitrogen oxides; S4: Oxidation waste gas is introduced into the spray module (23) and mixed evenly with the spray alkaline solution to remove nitrogen oxides and sulfides from the waste gas; S5: Alkaline washing exhaust gas enters the dehumidification module (31) to remove moisture and trace VOCs; S6: The dried waste gas flows through the catalytic module (33), where CO is catalytically oxidized into harmless CO2 under the action of the hopalat agent; S7: The purified exhaust gas is extracted by the terminal fan (6) and discharged into the working environment.

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