Charging port assembly for a vehicle and vehicle having the same

Abstract

This invention provides a charging port assembly for a vehicle and a vehicle having the same. The charging port assembly includes: a charging box assembly, which includes a cover plate and a base plate, one end of the cover plate and one end of the base plate being movably connected by a pin, the cover plate and the base plate enclosing an installation space; a lighting assembly, located within the installation space, connected to one of the cover plate or the base plate, the lighting assembly including: a lighting lamp and a Hall sensor, the Hall sensor being integrated into the circuit module of the lighting lamp, the input terminal of the Hall sensor being connected to the vehicle's power supply, the output terminal of the Hall sensor being connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp, and the negative terminal of the lighting lamp being grounded; and a permanent magnet, connected to the other of the cover plate or the base plate. This application solves the problem of high cost caused by the complex structure of lighting lamps in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive parts technology, and more specifically, to a charging port assembly for a vehicle and a vehicle having the same. Background Technology

[0002] In the current technology, the structure of lighting lamps on the market requires a separate micro switch, which poses a challenge to the internal structure layout of the actuator. At the same time, a separate 2-pin interface needs to be reserved in the actuator interface, which increases the cost of the wiring harness. Furthermore, the switching of the lighting lamp requires the support of software resources, which wastes software resources.

[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a charging port assembly for a vehicle and a vehicle having the same, in order to solve the problem of high cost caused by the complex structure of existing lighting lamps.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a charging port assembly for a vehicle is provided, comprising: a charging box assembly including a cover plate and a base plate, one end of the cover plate and one end of the base plate being movably connected by a pin, the cover plate and the base plate enclosing an installation space; a lighting assembly located within the installation space, the lighting assembly being connected to one of the cover plate or the base plate, the lighting assembly including: a lighting lamp and a Hall sensor, the Hall sensor being integrated on the circuit module of the lighting lamp, the input terminal of the Hall sensor being connected to the vehicle's power supply, the output terminal of the Hall sensor being connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp, and the negative terminal of the lighting lamp being grounded; and a permanent magnet connected to the other of the cover plate or the base plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the cover plate has a closed position with no gap between it and the base plate, and the cover plate has multiple open positions that form a preset angle with the base plate.

[0007] Furthermore, when the cover is in the closed position, the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor are positioned opposite each other, and there is a minimum preset distance between the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor, wherein the minimum preset distance is less than or equal to 5mm.

[0008] Furthermore, when the cover is in the open position, the preset distance between the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor is proportional to the preset angle, wherein the preset angle is 0~90°.

[0009] Furthermore, the input terminal of the Hall sensor is connected to the vehicle's power supply, the output terminal of the Hall sensor is connected to the positive terminal of the headlight, and at least one resistor is connected in series between the negative terminal of the headlight and the ground wire.

[0010] Furthermore, the cover plate is an injection-molded part with a groove on the inner side. The permanent magnet is fixed in the groove by adhesive or snap-fit ​​structure. The mounting position of the lighting assembly on the base plate is provided with a positioning groove, the circuit module is located in the positioning groove, a heat-conducting pad is provided between the positioning groove and the circuit module, and multiple light guide holes are provided around the mounting position on the base plate.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided having a charging port assembly, which is the charging port assembly described above.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, a detection method for a charging port assembly for a vehicle is provided. The detection method is used to detect the charging port assembly and obtain position information of the cover, including a closed position and an open position. When the position information is determined to be an open position, a voltage signal of a Hall sensor is obtained. When the voltage signal is determined to be less than a release threshold, the lamp of the lamp assembly is turned on.

[0013] Furthermore, the detection method also includes: when the position information is determined to be in the off position, acquiring the voltage signal of the Hall sensor; when the voltage signal is determined to be greater than the on threshold, the lighting of the lighting assembly is in the off state.

[0014] Furthermore, when the position information is determined to be in the open position, the voltage signal of the Hall sensor, the preset angle between the cover plate and the base plate, and the preset distance between the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor are acquired; when it is determined that the voltage signal and the preset distance do not show a linear increase, and / or when it is determined that the voltage signal and the preset angle do not show a linear increase, fault information is generated.

[0015] By integrating a Hall sensor and a lighting lamp into the same circuit module to form an integrated lighting assembly, and fixing it to either the base plate or the cover plate of the charging box assembly, a permanent magnet is placed on another component, causing a relative positional change between the two components during the opening and closing of the charging port cover. This structure eliminates the need for independent microswitches, additional signal harnesses, and vehicle domain controllers for logic judgment. Power supply and control signals fully reuse the lighting lamp's power circuit, achieving contactless sensing of the charging port status and automatic linkage with the lighting. This solution is compact, easy to assemble, low-cost, and highly reliable, effectively solving problems such as complex wiring harnesses, high software resource consumption, and limited actuator space in traditional solutions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention with the cover plate in the closed position is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention with the cover plate opened to 10° is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention with the cover plate opened to 20° is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the connection between a Hall sensor and a lighting lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the Hall sensor according to the present invention is shown.

[0022] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0023] 2. Charging case assembly;

[0024] 21. Pin;

[0025] 22. Lighting lamp;

[0026] 23. Hall effect sensor;

[0027] 24. Permanent magnet;

[0028] 241. Magnetic field lines;

[0029] 25. Cover plate;

[0030] 26. Base plate;

[0031] 31. Power supply;

[0032] 32. Resistance;

[0033] 41. Semiconductor. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0037] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0038] Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of this application, a charging port assembly for a vehicle is provided.

[0039] Specifically, the charging port assembly includes: a charging box assembly 2, which includes a cover plate 25 and a base plate 26, one end of the cover plate 25 and one end of the base plate 26 being movably connected by a pin 21, the cover plate 25 and the base plate 26 forming an installation space; a lighting assembly, located within the installation space, connected to one of the cover plate 25 or the base plate 26, the lighting assembly including: a lighting lamp 22 and a Hall sensor 23, the Hall sensor 23 being integrated into the circuit module of the lighting lamp 22, the input terminal of the Hall sensor 23 being connected to the vehicle's power supply, the output terminal of the Hall sensor 23 being connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp 22, the negative terminal of the lighting lamp 22 being grounded; and a permanent magnet 24, which is connected to the other of the cover plate 25 or the base plate 26.

[0040] By integrating the Hall sensor 23 and the lighting lamp 22 into the same circuit module to form an integrated lighting assembly, and fixing it to either the base plate or the cover plate of the charging box assembly, a permanent magnet 24 is provided on another component, causing a relative positional change between the two during the opening and closing of the charging port cover. This structure eliminates the need for independent microswitches, additional signal harnesses, and vehicle domain controllers for logic judgment. Power supply and control signals fully reuse the lighting lamp power circuit, achieving contactless sensing of the charging port status and automatic linkage of lighting. This solution is compact, easy to assemble, low in cost, and highly reliable, effectively solving problems such as complex wiring harnesses, high software resource consumption, and limited actuator space in traditional solutions.

[0041] The charging box assembly 2 consists of a cover plate 25 and a base plate, which are pivotally connected by a pin to form a stable and closable installation space.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the cover plate 25 is a movable component, with its outer surface integrated with the vehicle body exterior, serving both protective and aesthetic purposes. Its inner surface features a precision-machined mounting structure for fixing the permanent magnet 24. This permanent magnet uses high-energy-product neodymium iron boron material, with its magnetization direction perpendicular to the rotation plane of the cover plate 25, ensuring that its magnetic field remains aligned with the Hall sensor on the base plate during opening and closing, achieving stable and repeatable magnetic coupling. The base plate 26 is a fixed component, mounted on the vehicle body sheet metal structure. Its inner side has a mounting cavity for accommodating the charging interface and also integrates a fixing platform for the lighting assembly. This fixing platform has positioning grooves and limiting structures to ensure accurate positioning of the lighting assembly under vibration and temperature cycling. Its surface has light guide holes to allow the lighting light to shine through evenly, illuminating the charging port area and improving the plugging and unplugging experience at night.

[0043] The lighting lamp 22 and the Hall sensor 23 are integrated on the same circuit board assembly (PCBA). This PCBA not only houses the light-emitting element but also integrates the signal conditioning circuit, Schmitt trigger, and drive circuit of the Hall sensor, forming a three-in-one functional entity of "sensing-judgment-drive". The power input terminal (VCC) of the Hall sensor shares the same power supply line from the vehicle's power supply 31 (12V) with the positive terminal of the lighting lamp, and its ground terminal (GND) shares the same vehicle ground wire with the negative terminal of the lighting lamp 22, thus achieving complete reuse of the power circuit. The digital output terminal (DO) of the Hall sensor 23 is directly connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp 22, forming a direct-drive structure where "sensor output is the lighting control signal". When the Hall sensor 23 senses a strong magnetic field, it outputs a low level, and the lighting lamp 22 is extinguished due to the lack of voltage difference across its terminals; when the magnetic field weakens to below the release threshold, it outputs a high level, pulling the positive terminal of the lighting lamp 22 to the power supply potential, and grounding the negative terminal, forming a complete current loop and lighting the lamp. This structure completely eliminates the microswitches, independent signal lines, and ECU control logic of traditional solutions, achieving true mechatronics control that is "software-free, hardware-free, and wiring-free".

[0044] PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) is a type of circuit board assembly. In this application, PCBA is the core carrier of the lighting assembly. It is not a bare circuit board (PCB), but a complete functional circuit module in which all electronic components have been soldered, assembled and tested using surface mount technology (SMT) or through-hole mounting technology (THT).

[0045] The working principle of this invention is based on the synergistic effect of the Hall effect and the physical characteristics of a Schmitt trigger: When the charging port cover is closed, the permanent magnet 24 approaches the sensing layer of the semiconductor 41 of the Hall sensor 23, resulting in dense magnetic field lines. The charge carriers inside the semiconductor 41 are deflected by the Lorentz force, generating a Hall voltage higher than the operating threshold (Bop). After internal amplification and hysteresis comparison, a low level is output, and the lamp 22 is extinguished due to the lack of voltage difference. When the charging port cover is opened, the permanent magnet 24 moves radially away, the magnetic flux density decreases, and the Hall voltage falls below the release threshold (Brp). The sensor output flips to a high level, which is directly applied to the positive terminal of the lamp. Since the negative terminal of the lamp 22 is grounded, a closed loop is formed, and the lamp 22 lights up, providing immediate illumination for the user in low-light environments. The entire process relies on changes in the physical magnetic field to trigger an electronic response, requiring no external control signals, no software judgment, and no additional interfaces. The response time is less than 50ms, and the system is stable and reliable.

[0046] Specifically, the cover plate 25 has a closed position with no gap between it and the base plate 26, and the cover plate 25 has multiple open positions that form a preset angle with the base plate 26.

[0047] In the closed position, the cover plate 25 and the base plate 26 are fully closed under the guidance of the pin 21, ensuring a minimum distance between the permanent magnet 24 installed inside the cover plate 25 and the Hall sensor 23 fixed on the base plate 26. At this distance, the magnetic induction intensity generated by the permanent magnet is sufficient to penetrate the cover plate material and act on the sensing layer of the semiconductor 41 inside the Hall sensor, causing the Hall voltage to exceed its operating threshold, triggering the internal Schmitt trigger to output a low level, thereby reliably extinguishing the lighting lamp 22 due to the lack of effective voltage difference, avoiding continuous power consumption or light pollution when not in use.

[0048] When the user opens the charging port cover, the cover plate 25 rotates around the pin 21, its trajectory being an arc path around the pin 21. In the initial opening stage, such as from 10° to 20°, the cover plate 25 forms a clear angular separation from the base plate 26. At this time, the permanent magnet 24 moves radially away from the Hall sensor 23, and the distance between them rapidly increases to over 10mm, causing a sharp decrease in magnetic induction intensity. When the magnetic field strength drops below the Hall sensor's release threshold Brp, the sensor's internal circuitry flips, and the output changes from low to high. This high-level signal directly drives the lighting lamp 22 to illuminate without any delay or signal processing. Because the opening angle of the cover plate 25 has a non-linear but predictable geometric relationship with the magnet displacement, the system can complete the lighting trigger when the cover plate is opened to a "practical operating angle" (e.g., ≥10°), without needing to fully open to the limit position.

[0049] Optionally, multiple opening positions do not refer to discrete positions, but rather that the cover 25 can stably remain at any angle during the opening process, such as 15°, 30°, 60°, etc., all of which can meet the continuous high-level output condition of the Hall sensor. This continuously variable opening and closing characteristic is compatible with the user's needs under different lighting conditions and different charging postures. For example, at night, only a slight opening of the cover is needed to turn on the lighting, which is both energy-saving and improves interaction efficiency. At the same time, because the Hall sensor has a highly linear and stable response to magnetic field strength, no matter what opening angle the cover is at, as long as the distance between the permanent magnet 24 and the Hall sensor 23 exceeds the release threshold, the light 22 will remain lit until the cover resets.

[0050] Specifically, when the cover plate 25 is in the closed position, the permanent magnet 24 and the Hall sensor 23 are arranged opposite each other, and there is a minimum preset distance between the permanent magnet 24 and the Hall sensor 23, wherein the minimum preset distance is less than or equal to 5mm.

[0051] When the cover plate 25 is in the closed position, it fits tightly against the base plate 26, forming a gapless sealed state. At this time, the permanent magnet 24 installed inside the cover plate 25 and the Hall sensor 23 fixed on the base plate 26 are precisely aligned in space, with them facing each other along the direction of the magnetic field lines to ensure the shortest magnetic field transmission path and the highest efficiency. In this state, the minimum preset distance between the permanent magnet 24 and the Hall sensor 23 is strictly controlled within the range of ≤5mm, preferably between 2mm and 5mm.

[0052] When the distance is less than or equal to 5mm, the magnetic flux density sensed by the Hall sensor is sufficient to stably exceed its preset operating threshold (typically around 40–60G), triggering the internal circuit to output a stable low-level signal. This ensures that the lighting lamp 22 reliably turns off when the cover is fully closed, avoiding accidental lighting due to weak magnetic field fluctuations or assembly tolerances. If the distance exceeds 5mm, the magnetic flux density decreases too quickly, which may prevent the sensor from reliably identifying the "off" state, causing the lighting lamp to abnormally light up when closed, affecting functional reliability and energy consumption.

[0053] Specifically, when the cover plate 25 is in the open position, the preset distance between the permanent magnet 24 and the Hall sensor 23 is proportional to the preset angle, wherein the preset angle is 0~90°.

[0054] When the cover plate 25 is in the open position, it rotates around the pin 21, forming an angle with the base plate 26—that is, a preset angle, which ranges from 0° to 90°, covering all usage scenarios from slight opening to full opening. During this process, the permanent magnet 24 rotates synchronously with the cover plate 25 and moves along a radial trajectory away from the Hall sensor 23. The physical distance between the two increases continuously and linearly with the increase of the opening angle, showing a clear proportional relationship: the smaller the angle (e.g., 5°~15°), the slower the increase in distance; the larger the angle (e.g., 30°~90°), the more significant the distance expansion, and the magnetic induction intensity decreases nonlinearly.

[0055] Since the permanent magnet 24 is fixed to the inner side of the cover plate 25 away from the pin 21, and the Hall sensor 23 is precisely mounted on the base plate 26 at a fixed position directly opposite it, the two form a rotationally symmetrical structure with the pin as the center and the magnet mounting point as the radius. When the cover plate 25 is opened from the closed state (0°), the permanent magnet 24 moves along an arc trajectory, and the straight-line distance between it and the Hall sensor 23 gradually increases from the minimum preset value (≤5mm) to the maximum value. This distance change directly causes the magnetic flux density acting on the semiconductor 41 sensing layer in the Hall sensor 23 to continuously decrease, thereby causing the Hall voltage to smoothly transition from the high threshold region to the low threshold region.

[0056] like Figure 2The diagram shows the structure with the cover plate open by 10°. This represents the state of the cover plate 25 when it is open by 10°. The distance between the Hall sensor 23 and the permanent magnet 24 at this point is compared to... Figure 1 When stationary, the magnetic field strength increases, and during the opening process, the Hall sensor 23 is in a state away from the permanent magnet 24. When the cover 25 is opened to about 10°, the distance between the permanent magnet 24 and the Hall sensor 23 exceeds 8mm, and the magnetic field strength drops below the release threshold of the Hall sensor, triggering its output terminal to switch from low level to high level, and the lighting lamp 22 lights up immediately without any additional operation by the user.

[0057] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure with the cover plate open at 20°. The cover plate 25 is in the 20° open state. At this time, the distance between the Hall sensor 23 and the permanent magnet 24 is compared to... Figure 2 When the opening angle is 10°, the light intensity increases, and during the opening process, the Hall sensor 23 is in a state away from the permanent magnet 24. At this time, the Hall sensor outputs a high level, the negative terminal of the light is connected to GND, and the light turns on.

[0058] Furthermore, this invention possesses a "continuous sensing" capability unmatched by traditional mechanical switches. Traditional solutions rely on "contact triggering," activating the lighting only when the cover is opened to a specific angle (e.g., 30°), while remaining off at smaller angles (e.g., 15°), requiring users to repeatedly try or manually turn on the light. This solution, however, continuously responds to every minute change in opening angle, achieving "stepless lighting." Whether the user lightly pries open the cover to check the interface, partially opens it, or fully opens it for charging, the lighting system matches the user's intention in real time, without the need for preset trigger points or software to determine the angle state. This angle-distance proportional relationship constructs a complete closed loop of "physical action → magnetic field change → electrical signal output → lighting response," completely eliminating reliance on ECUs, software algorithms, and multi-sensor fusion. The system response is purely driven by mechanical motion and physical laws, resulting in extremely high reliability and near-infinite lifespan. Secondly, this characteristic gives this solution exceptional environmental adaptability.

[0059] Specifically, the input terminal of the Hall sensor 23 is connected to the vehicle's power supply, the output terminal of the Hall sensor 23 is connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp 22, and at least one resistor 32 is connected in series between the negative terminal of the lighting lamp 22 and the ground wire.

[0060] like Figure 4As shown, the input terminal of Hall sensor 23 is directly connected to the vehicle's 12V power system. Its output terminal (DO) is directly connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp 22 without passing through any external control unit or relay. The negative terminal of the lighting lamp 22 is connected to the vehicle's ground wire (GND) through a wire, and at least one resistor 32 is connected in series in this grounding circuit to form a complete series circuit. The output signal of Hall sensor 23 directly drives the lighting lamp 22 to turn on and off without the need for additional drive circuit, ECU intervention, or software control. When cover 25 is closed, permanent magnet 24 is close to Hall sensor 23, and the sensor outputs a low level (close to 0V). At this time, the potential of the positive terminal of lighting lamp 22 is pulled low, and there is no effective voltage difference between it and the negative terminal grounded. The current cannot form a circuit, and the lighting lamp is off. When cover 25 is opened, permanent magnet 24 is moved away, and Hall sensor 23 outputs a high level (close to VCC, i.e., 12V). This high level is directly applied to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp, while the negative terminal of the lighting lamp is grounded through resistor 32, forming a complete current path, and lighting lamp 22 is lit.

[0061] In this application, LED lights are used for illumination. LED lights are current-sensitive devices; if directly connected to the power supply and ground, they will burn out instantly due to overcurrent. Resistor 32 uses Ohm's law to limit the current flowing through the LED within its safe operating range (e.g., 15–30mA), ensuring the LED emits light stably for a long time without aging. The Hall sensor has limited output drive capability, typically providing only a few milliamps of sink current. The resistance value of resistor 32 (e.g., 220Ω–470Ω) ensures sufficient LED brightness while preventing the load current from exceeding the Hall sensor's output capacity, thus avoiding sensor damage or output level distortion due to overload.

[0062] Optionally, the resistor 32 does not require a separate package and can be directly integrated into the PCBA traces, or it can be soldered in one step using a surface mount resistor, without adding extra types of components and assembly processes, which greatly reduces BOM costs and manufacturing complexity.

[0063] Specifically, the cover plate 25 is an injection molded part, and the inner side of the cover plate 25 is provided with a groove. The permanent magnet 24 is fixed in the groove by adhesive or snap-fit ​​structure. The mounting position of the lighting assembly on the base plate 26 is provided with a positioning groove. The circuit module is located in the positioning groove. A heat-conducting pad is provided between the positioning groove and the circuit module. The base plate 26 is provided with multiple light guide holes around the mounting position.

[0064] Furthermore, the cover plate 25 is an integrally injection-molded engineering plastic component, preferably made of high-strength, high-weather-resistant reinforced nylon (PA6+GF30) or polypropylene (PP+EPDM) material, which has good mechanical rigidity, impact resistance and high and low temperature resistance (-40℃ to 125℃).

[0065] A groove is provided on the inner surface of the cover plate 25—that is, the side facing the charging box installation space. This groove extends along the length of the cover plate, and its position has been optimized through simulation to ensure that it is directly aligned with the Hall sensor 23 on the base plate 26 when the cover plate is closed. The contour dimensions of the groove perfectly match the shape of the permanent magnet 24, and its depth is slightly greater than the thickness of the permanent magnet, so that the surface of the permanent magnet 24 after being embedded is flush with or slightly concave with the inner wall of the cover plate 25, avoiding outward protrusion that could cause scratches or affect the sealing performance. The permanent magnet 24 is firmly fixed in the groove by high-strength two-component epoxy adhesive bonding or a snap-fit ​​mechanical limiting structure: the adhesive method can achieve a gapless fit and has excellent anti-detachment, shockproof, and waterproof performance; the snap-fit ​​structure consists of elastic barbs or claws on the inner side of the cover plate, combined with the limiting steps on the edge of the permanent magnet, to achieve glue-free quick installation, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement. Both methods meet the requirements of automotive-grade vibration and temperature cycling tests.

[0066] The base plate 26, serving as the mounting base for the charging box assembly, is injection molded from the same material as the cover plate. Its interior features a mounting position for the lighting assembly, a recessed platform with a positioning groove precisely matching the outline of the lighting assembly's circuit board assembly (PCBA). This positioning groove not only provides mechanical restraint in the X / Y directions but also ensures that the PCBA will not shift, rotate, or warp after assembly via restraining ribs on the side walls and a supporting surface at the bottom, guaranteeing the relative spatial accuracy between the Hall sensor 23 and the permanent magnet 24. To improve thermal management performance, a thermally conductive pad is applied between the bottom of the positioning groove and the PCBA. This pad, made of highly thermally conductive silicone or thermally conductive gel, possesses good compression resilience and electrical insulation, effectively conducting the heat generated by the LEDs during operation from the PCBA to the plastic body of the base plate 26. Heat is then dissipated through heat conduction between the base plate and the vehicle's metal structure, preventing light decay or shortened lifespan due to excessive localized temperature rise in the LEDs and ensuring stable lighting brightness even after prolonged operation.

[0067] The base plate 26 has multiple light guide holes evenly distributed around the mounting area of ​​the lighting assembly. These light guide holes are a micro-aperture array with a diameter of 1–2 mm, penetrating the thickness of the base plate wall and facing the light-emitting surface of the LEDs on the PCBA. The distribution density, aperture size, and arrangement of the light guide holes have been optimized through optical simulation to ensure that the light emitted by the LEDs forms a uniform, soft, and glare-free illumination area after passing through the base plate, covering the entire charging interface and surrounding insertion and removal space, avoiding bright spots, dark areas, or excessive halo diffusion. The inner wall of the light guide holes can be microstructured (such as frosted or gradually flared) to further improve light diffusion efficiency and reduce light loss.

[0068] like Figure 5As shown, the Hall sensor works by connecting the vehicle's power input 31 to a semiconductor 41. A large number of positive and negative charges exist within the semiconductor 41. When the permanent magnet 24 approaches the semiconductor 41, due to the Lorentz force acting on the charges, positive charges concentrate at the upper end of the semiconductor 41, while negative charges concentrate at the lower end, ultimately forming a Hall voltage. Furthermore, it can be observed that the closer the permanent magnet 24 is to the semiconductor 41, the denser the magnetic induction lines 241 become, and the more positive and negative charges accumulate at both ends of the semiconductor 41, resulting in a larger Hall voltage.

[0069] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided having a charging port assembly, which is the charging port assembly described above.

[0070] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting a charging port assembly for a vehicle is provided. The method for detecting the charging port assembly includes:

[0071] Step S10: Obtain the position information of the cover plate, including: closed position and open position;

[0072] Step S12: If the position information is determined to be in the open position, acquire the voltage signal of the Hall sensor;

[0073] Step S14: When the voltage signal is determined to be less than the release threshold, the lighting of the lighting assembly is turned on.

[0074] Specifically, once the current position is determined to be "open," the lighting control confirmation stage begins. At this time, the real-time voltage value of the Hall sensor output is read. Since the positive terminal of the lighting lamp 22 in this invention is directly connected to this output terminal, this voltage signal is the control signal for driving the lighting lamp, and its value is stable near VCC (e.g., 11.5V–12.5V). This voltage value is not used for complex calculations, but serves as the sole basis for status confirmation: as long as this voltage is higher than the standard voltage corresponding to the release threshold Brp (typically 2.5V–3V, depending on the sensor model), it can be confirmed that the magnet has effectively moved away, the cover has indeed been opened, and the lighting lamp should be turned on.

[0075] In one specific embodiment, an A0-class pure electric vehicle is equipped with the charging port assembly of this invention. The cover plate 25 is a PA6+GF30 injection molded part, and the permanent magnet 24 is a Φ5mm×2mm N35 neodymium iron boron magnet, which is bonded to the inner groove of the cover plate with epoxy adhesive. The Hall sensor 23 is an AH49E model (Bop=45G, Brp=35G), integrated on the PCBA, and the LED is two SMD2835 white LED beads, connected in series with a 220Ω current-limiting resistor 32 and then grounded. The vehicle power supply is a 12V battery. When the user manually opens the cover plate 25 to 12° and rotates the cover plate around the pin 21, the permanent magnet 24 moves radially, and the distance between it and the Hall sensor 23 increases to 10.5mm. The magnetic induction intensity drops to 32G, which is lower than Brp (35G). The Schmitt trigger inside the Hall sensor immediately flips, and the output voltage jumps from 0.2V to 11.8V (high level). The system samples the voltage value in real time and confirms that the voltage signal is significantly higher than the release threshold Brp (3.0V), determining that the cover is in the "open position". Simultaneously, because this voltage is directly applied to the LED's positive terminal, an 11.8V voltage difference is formed between the LED's positive and negative terminals (after subtracting the approximately 0.6V voltage drop from the resistor, it is still 11.2V). The LED immediately lights up at its rated brightness, illuminating the charging interface and surrounding area. After the user finishes charging, the cover 25 is closed, and the permanent magnet 24 slowly approaches the Hall sensor 23. When the distance is reduced to 6.8mm, the magnetic induction intensity rises to 39G, slightly higher than Brp, but not yet reaching Bop. The sensor continues to output a high level, and the light remains on, achieving "continuous illumination during the closing process" and improving operational safety. When the distance is further reduced to 4.5mm, the magnetic induction intensity reaches 47G, exceeding Bop. The sensor output voltage jumps back to 0.3V, and the system determines it to be in the "closed position". The LED then turns off, and power consumption returns to zero.

[0076] Furthermore, the detection method also includes: when the position information is determined to be in the off position, acquiring the voltage signal of the Hall sensor; when the voltage signal is determined to be greater than the on threshold, the lighting of the lighting assembly is in the off state.

[0077] In a real-world vehicle environment, various interference sources exist, such as nearby strong magnetic equipment, electromagnetic radiation from the motor, the proximity of metallic foreign objects, deviation in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet during assembly, and temporary degradation of magnet performance due to low temperatures. These can cause the sensor to output an abnormally high level (i.e., "false on") in the "closed position" or an abnormally low level (i.e., "false off") in the "open position." Normally, the release threshold is less than the operating threshold, forming a "hysteresis window" that effectively suppresses output jitter caused by minor magnetic field fluctuations. When the system determines the cover is in the "closed position" (based on mechanical structure or user operation logic), it expects the Hall sensor output to be low (≈0V). If the Hall sensor output voltage is detected to be greater than the operating threshold (the voltage corresponding to Bop, such as 3.5V), it indicates that: the permanent magnet 24 is not properly positioned near the sensor (e.g., detached or misaligned), external strong magnetic interference causes the sensor to trigger falsely, the sensor itself is faulty or the PCBA is short-circuited, or the thermal pad or mounting structure is abnormal, causing magnetic circuit misalignment. In this case, the system still forcibly maintains the lighting lamp 22 in an off state, and does not perform the lighting operation even if the sensor outputs an abnormally high level.

[0078] When the system confirms through structural logic (such as the cover closing action has been executed) that it should be in the "closed" state, even if the Hall sensor output is abnormal, it will forcibly turn off the lights according to the principle of "safety first, energy saving first" to prevent continuous power consumption or false prompts under erroneous signals.

[0079] In one specific embodiment, an A0-class pure electric vehicle is equipped with the charging port assembly of this invention. The cover plate 25 is a PA6+GF30 injection molded part, and the permanent magnet 24 is a Φ5mm×2mm N35 neodymium iron boron magnet, which is bonded to the inner groove of the cover plate with epoxy adhesive. The Hall sensor 23 is an AH49E model (Bop=45G, Brup=35G), integrated on the PCBA, and the LED is two SMD2835 white LED beads, connected in series with a 220Ω current-limiting resistor 32 and then grounded. The vehicle power supply is a 12V battery. When the charging port cover plate 25 is in the closed position, the distance between the permanent magnet 24 and the Hall sensor 23 is 4.2mm, the magnetic induction intensity is 58G, which is higher than Bop (45G), and the output voltage of the Hall sensor is 0.2V (low level). The system detected the voltage value and determined that the cover was in the "closed position". The voltage difference across the lighting lamp 22 was 0.2V, which was insufficient to light the LED. The lamp remained off, and the system did not issue any warning.

[0080] Furthermore, when the position information is determined to be in the open position, the voltage signal of the Hall sensor, the preset angle between the cover plate and the base plate, and the preset distance between the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor are acquired; when it is determined that the voltage signal and the preset distance do not show a linear increase, and / or when it is determined that the voltage signal and the preset angle do not show a linear increase, fault information is generated.

[0081] Preset angle (angle between cover plate and base plate): 0°~90°, obtained by angle encoder, actuator feedback or optical sensor.

[0082] Preset distance (straight-line distance between the permanent magnet and the center point (semiconductor) of the Hall sensor): calculated from geometric relationships, d=L×sin(θ), where L is the fixed distance from the pin shaft to the center of the permanent magnet.

[0083] Under normal operating conditions, as the opening angle of the cover plate gradually increases from 0°, the preset distance also gradually increases. At this time, the Hall voltage should increase steadily, monotonically, and predictably from a low level to a high level. If the voltage decreases instead of increasing with the preset angle, or if there is a plateau, jump, or oscillation, it indicates that the sensor is abnormal (such as aging of the internal circuit), the magnet is demagnetized, or the magnetic circuit is blocked, generating fault information.

[0084] The technical solution of this embodiment has the following effects:

[0085] By embedding a permanent magnet in the cover plate and integrating a Hall sensor on the PCBA of the lighting assembly, a physical closed loop of "position change → magnetic field strength change → level flip → lighting on / off" is constructed. This solution completely eliminates the need for easily worn, oxidized, and contaminated mechanical microswitches, utilizing the Hall effect to achieve reliable detection with zero contact, zero wear, full sealing, vibration resistance, and resistance to high and low temperatures. This solution features a compact structure, simple assembly, low cost, and high reliability, effectively solving problems such as complex wiring harnesses, high software resource consumption, and limited actuator space in traditional solutions.

[0086] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0087] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this invention.

[0088] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging port assembly for a vehicle, characterized in that, include: The charging box assembly (2) includes a cover plate (25) and a bottom plate (26). One end of the cover plate (25) and one end of the bottom plate (26) are movably connected by a pin (21). The cover plate (25) and the bottom plate (26) enclose an installation space. A lighting assembly is located within the mounting space and is connected to either the cover plate (25) or the base plate (26). The lighting assembly includes a lighting lamp (22) and a Hall sensor (23). The Hall sensor (23) is integrated into the circuit module of the lighting lamp (22). The input terminal of the Hall sensor (23) is connected to the power supply (31) of the vehicle. The output terminal of the Hall sensor (23) is connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp (22). The negative terminal of the lighting lamp (22) is grounded. A permanent magnet (24) is connected to another of the cover plate (25) or the base plate (26).

2. The charging port assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover plate (25) has a closed position with no gap between it and the base plate (26), and the cover plate (25) has multiple open positions that form a preset angle with the base plate (26).

3. The charging port assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the cover plate (25) is in the closed position, the permanent magnet (24) and the Hall sensor (23) are arranged opposite to each other, and there is a minimum preset distance between the permanent magnet (24) and the Hall sensor (23), wherein the minimum preset distance is less than or equal to 5 mm.

4. The charging port assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the cover plate (25) is in the open position, the preset distance between the permanent magnet (24) and the Hall sensor (23) is proportional to the preset angle, wherein the preset angle is 0~90°.

5. The charging port assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input terminal of the Hall sensor (23) is connected to the power supply (31) of the vehicle, the output terminal of the Hall sensor (23) is connected to the positive terminal of the lighting lamp (22), and at least one resistor (32) is connected in series between the negative terminal of the lighting lamp (22) and the ground wire.

6. The charging port assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cover plate (25) is an injection molded part. The cover plate (25) has a groove on its inner side. The permanent magnet (24) is fixed in the groove by adhesive or snap-fit ​​structure. The mounting position of the lighting assembly on the base plate (26) is provided with a positioning groove. The circuit module is located in the positioning groove. A heat-conducting pad is provided between the positioning groove and the circuit module. The base plate (26) has multiple light guide holes around the mounting position.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle has a charging port assembly, which is the charging port assembly according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. A method for testing a charging port assembly for a vehicle, the method being used to test the charging port assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Obtain the position information of the cover plate, the position information including: closed position and open position; If the position information is determined to be in the open position, the voltage signal of the Hall sensor is acquired; When the voltage signal is determined to be less than the release threshold, the lighting lamps of the lighting assembly are in the lit state.

9. The detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The detection method further includes: If the position information is determined to be in an off position, the voltage signal of the Hall sensor is acquired; When the voltage signal is determined to be greater than the activation threshold, the lighting of the lighting assembly is in an off state.

10. The detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that, If the position information is determined to be in the open position, the voltage signal of the Hall sensor, the preset angle between the cover plate and the bottom plate, and the preset distance between the permanent magnet and the Hall sensor are obtained. If it is determined that the voltage signal does not exhibit a linear increase with respect to the preset distance, and / or if it is determined that the voltage signal does not exhibit a linear increase with respect to the preset angle, fault information is generated.

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