A tension self-adaptive control system suitable for different specifications of garbage bags

Abstract

A tension self-adaptive control system suitable for different specifications of garbage bags, a rack, a traction roller group arranged in the horizontal direction, and a winding mechanism located behind the traction roller group, the traction roller group includes a first traction roller driven by a motor and a second traction roller arranged in a following mode, a clamping channel is formed between the first traction roller and the second traction roller for the garbage bag film to pass through, the elastic adjusting assembly is fixed to the side wall of the rack and connected to both ends of the bearing seat of the second traction roller, and the elastic adjusting assembly contains a plurality of groups of series-connected disc-shaped spring plates and guide slide columns. The first traction roller driven by a motor and the second traction roller arranged in a following mode are used in the traction roller group, the cooperation structure realizes stable clamping and efficient conveying of the film, the first traction roller provides traction force by driving, the second traction roller responds in a following mode, the adhesion of the second traction roller to the first traction roller is automatically adjusted according to the thickness of the film, different thicknesses of the garbage bag film are adapted, and the stability of the film conveying is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of adaptive technology for garbage bags, specifically a tension adaptive control system applicable to garbage bags of different sizes. Background Technology

[0002] In the garbage bag production process, the conveying and tension control of the film material are crucial factors affecting product quality and production efficiency. An adaptive tension control system suitable for garbage bags of different specifications is applied in various garbage bag production equipment. It is used to adjust the tension and correct the offset of garbage bag film materials of different thicknesses, widths, and materials during the conveying process, ensuring smooth film material conveying, reducing damage, improving production continuity and product qualification rate, and meeting the actual needs of diversified garbage bag production.

[0003] First, the traction structure of existing garbage bag film conveying equipment mostly adopts dual active drive traction rollers, which require synchronous control of the speed of the two rollers. The debugging process is cumbersome, and it cannot automatically adjust the clamping force according to the thickness of the film. It has poor adaptability and is prone to film stretching deformation, slippage or deviation, which affects the efficiency and quality of film conveying.

[0004] Secondly, existing equipment mostly uses mechanical contact detection to detect edge deviation of the membrane material, which is not only easy to scratch the surface of the membrane material, but also not suitable for thin and easily damaged membrane materials. In addition, the detection is lagging and cannot capture small deviations of the membrane material. Furthermore, when adapting to membrane materials of different widths, the position of the detection component needs to be frequently adjusted, which is inconvenient to operate.

[0005] Furthermore, the existing tension adjustment mechanism has a fixed and unadjustable elastic force, which cannot adapt to membrane materials of different thicknesses and materials. Excessive clamping force can easily lead to membrane material damage, while insufficient clamping force can easily cause slippage. Moreover, offset correction and tension adjustment are independent of each other and cannot work together, which can easily lead to tension fluctuations during membrane material correction, further increasing the probability of membrane material damage. The system has weak adaptive control capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a tension adaptive control system applicable to garbage bags of different sizes, so as to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a tension adaptive control system suitable for garbage bags of different sizes, comprising: The system includes a frame, a horizontally arranged traction roller group, and a winding mechanism located behind the traction roller group. The traction roller group includes a first traction roller that is actively driven and a second traction roller that is followed. A clamping channel for garbage bag film material to pass through is formed between the first traction roller and the second traction roller. Laser displacement sensors for detecting the edge position of the film material are respectively provided on both sides of the clamping channel. The system also includes an elastic adjustment component, which is fixed to the side wall of the frame and connected to both ends of the bearing seat of the second traction roller. The elastic adjustment component includes several sets of series-connected disc springs and guide slides. The guide slides pass through elongated holes on the frame and are hinged to the end of the bearing seat. The preload of the disc springs is mechanically fine-tuned by threaded lock nuts. It also includes a position feedback module, which is integrated in the middle section of the guide slide column. The position feedback module outputs a signal to control the rotation speed of the first traction roller, so that when the film material shifts laterally in the clamping channel, the guide slide column drives the second traction roller to produce a slight oscillation perpendicular to the running direction of the film material, thereby changing the wrap angle of the film material between the two traction rollers.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the traction roller assembly is covered with a composite friction layer, which consists of a three-layer structure. The weaving density of the microfiber fabric is higher in the middle region of the roller than in the two side edge regions. The total thickness of the composite friction layer is 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The microfiber fabric is made of high-temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, and its surface roughness Ra value is controlled between 0.8 μm and 1.5 μm.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the guide column in the elastic adjustment assembly adopts a hollow tubular structure, and a fiber optic grating sensing unit is inserted through the interior of the hollow tubular structure. The fiber optic grating sensing unit is spirally wound along the axial direction of the guide column. The surface of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is coated with a polymer buffer layer with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The output end of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is connected to the central processing unit through an optical fiber jumper. The central processing unit reads the wavelength drift of the fiber optic grating in real time, converts the wavelength drift into the compression deformation of the guide column, and calculates the instantaneous tension value of the film material at the current moment. The end of the guide column is provided with a conical reset head, which is embedded in a conical countersunk hole at the bottom of the frame.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the winding mechanism includes a winding shaft, a floating roller frame, and a hydraulic damping cylinder. The floating roller frame is hinged to the top of the frame by two sets of symmetrical swing arms. An angle encoder is provided at the pivot of the swing arms. The piston rod of the hydraulic damping cylinder is connected to the bottom center of the floating roller frame. A pad block is provided on the floating roller frame. The pad block is installed on the surface of the floating roller frame by a snap-fit ​​structure. The snap-fit ​​structure includes a positioning pin and a spring locking plate.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, an edge correction device is further included. The edge correction device includes a photoelectric beam receiver, a correction guide roller driven by a servo motor, and a linkage mechanism. The photoelectric beam receiver is installed at the inlet of the traction roller group. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the correction guide roller through a reduction gear set. One end of the linkage mechanism is connected to the bearing seat of the correction guide roller, and the other end is connected to the eccentric wheel of the servo motor. The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel is adjustable, and the maximum swing amplitude of the correction guide roller is changed by adjusting the eccentricity.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the central processing unit is equipped with a fuzzy logic controller. The input variables of the fuzzy logic controller include the tension fluctuation value fed back by the fiber optic grating sensing unit, the film offset output by the position feedback module, and the current load value of the servo motor. The output variables of the fuzzy logic controller are the rotational speed command value of the first traction roller and the pressure setting value of the hydraulic damping cylinder.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the side of the frame is provided with a modular slot for installing a guide plate assembly. The guide plate assembly is made of aluminum alloy profile and stainless steel wear-resistant strip. The stainless steel wear-resistant strip is fixed in the groove of the aluminum alloy profile by screws. The inner surface of the guide plate assembly is machined with a V-shaped guide groove with an angle of 90 degrees. The telescopic adjustment mechanism includes a lead screw drive pair and a stepper motor. The top of the guide plate assembly is provided with a dust cover.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, a waste removal unit is further included. The waste removal unit is located behind the winding mechanism. The waste removal unit includes a pneumatic push rod, a cutting blade, and a collection box. An L-shaped push plate is installed on the piston rod of the pneumatic push rod. A rubber buffer pad is attached to the inner side of the L-shaped push plate. The cutting blade is a disc-shaped cutter. When the film material is detected to be damaged or the tension is abnormal for more than 3 seconds, the central processing unit issues a command, and the pneumatic push rod pushes the L-shaped push plate to push the waste film out of the traction path. At the same time, the clutch disengages, and the disc-shaped cutter starts to cut the waste film. The collection box has a drawer-type structure and a filter screen is provided at the bottom.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the power module adopts a three-phase AC input, and the DC bus voltage is converted into variable frequency AC power by an IGBT inverter to supply each servo motor. The heat sink of the IGBT inverter is equipped with a forced air cooling fan. The speed of the forced air cooling fan is automatically controlled by a temperature sensor. When the heat sink temperature exceeds 50 degrees Celsius, the fan runs at full speed. When the temperature is below 30 degrees Celsius, the fan stops. The power module is also equipped with a surge absorber and an overcurrent protection circuit breaker. The operating current setting of the overcurrent protection circuit breaker is 1.5 times the rated current, and the operating time is 0.1 seconds. The grounding resistance of the system is less than 4 ohms.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, a human-machine interface terminal is also included. The human-machine interface terminal includes a touch screen display and an operation panel. The touch screen display shows the current tension curve, film material running speed, fault alarm codes, and equipment running time statistics. The operation panel is equipped with an emergency stop button, a mode selection knob, and a manual jog button. The mode selection knob has three positions: "automatic," "semi-automatic," and "manual adjustment." In the "manual adjustment" position, the operator can individually control the start, stop, and speed of each motor for equipment installation and debugging. The human-machine interface terminal is connected to the central processing unit via an industrial Ethernet, supporting remote monitoring and data upload functions.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of this invention are as follows: This invention employs a traction roller assembly with a first actively driven traction roller and a second traction roller that moves in sync, forming a clamping channel for the film material to pass through. This achieves stable clamping and efficient conveying of the film material. Simultaneously, the first traction roller actively drives and provides traction force, while the second traction roller responds sync and automatically adjusts its contact force with the first traction roller according to the film material thickness, eliminating the need for synchronous speed control. This avoids the cumbersome debugging issues associated with dual active drives and adapts to garbage bag film materials of different thicknesses. Furthermore, the clamping channel ensures that the film material does not deviate or slip during conveying, guaranteeing the stability of film material conveying and improving conveying efficiency and quality.

[0018] This invention enables real-time detection of the edge position of the membrane material by using laser displacement sensors installed on both sides of the clamping channel. The laser displacement sensors are installed on both sides of the clamping channel and can capture minute displacements of the membrane material edge in real time. The detection can be completed without contacting the membrane material, avoiding damage to the membrane material surface. At the same time, it can be adapted to membrane materials of different widths and specifications. There is no need to adjust the sensor position; only the detection threshold needs to be adjusted through the central processing unit, making it more adaptable.

[0019] This invention uses an elastic adjustment component fixed to the side wall of the frame and connected to both ends of the bearing seat of the second traction roller. It consists of several sets of series-connected disc springs and guide slides. The guide slides pass through the elongated hole in the frame and are hinged to the end of the bearing seat. The preload of the disc springs is mechanically fine-tuned using a threaded locking nut. By using series-connected disc springs and adjusting the number of series springs and the preload, multiple levels of elastic force can be adjusted. The mechanical fine-tuning method using the threaded locking nut allows adjustment of the compression of the disc springs, thereby adjusting the clamping force of the second traction roller on the film material. This adapts to garbage bag film materials of different thicknesses and materials, achieving adaptation without replacing the elastic components. It is convenient to operate and offers high adjustment precision.

[0020] This invention integrates a position feedback module into the middle section of the guide slide column, which outputs a signal to control the rotation speed of the first traction roller. Together with the elastic adjustment component, the traction roller group, and the laser displacement sensor, it forms a coordinated adjustment system. Changes in the wrap angle will synchronously adjust the distribution of traction and clamping forces on the film material. In conjunction with the adjustment of the rotation speed of the first traction roller, automatic correction of lateral offset of the film material and adaptive adjustment of tension are achieved. The two work together to quickly correct the position of the film material and ensure stable tension, avoiding film material damage and slippage during the correction process, and improving the adaptive control capability of the system.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a module framework diagram of the tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different sizes proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a functional framework diagram of the first module of the tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different sizes proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a functional framework diagram of the second module of the tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different sizes proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a functional framework diagram of the third module of the tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different sizes proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a functional framework diagram of the fourth module of the tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different sizes proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an embodiment of the present invention of a tension adaptive control system applicable to garbage bags of different sizes.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a tension adaptive control system suitable for garbage bags of different specifications, including: a frame, a traction roller group arranged in a horizontal direction, and a winding mechanism located behind the traction roller group. The traction roller group includes a first traction roller that is actively driven and a second traction roller that is followed. A clamping channel for garbage bag film material to pass through is formed between the first traction roller and the second traction roller. Laser displacement sensors for detecting the edge position of the film material are respectively provided on both sides of the clamping channel. The system also includes an elastic adjustment component, which is fixed to the side wall of the frame and connected to both ends of the bearing seat of the second traction roller. The elastic adjustment component includes several sets of series-connected disc spring plates and guide slides. The guide slides pass through the elongated holes on the frame and are hinged to the end of the bearing seat. The preload of the disc spring plates is mechanically fine-tuned by threaded locking nuts. It also includes a position feedback module, which is integrated into the middle section of the guide slide column. The position feedback module outputs a signal to control the rotation speed of the first traction roller, so that when the film material shifts laterally in the clamping channel, the guide slide column drives the second traction roller to produce a slight oscillation perpendicular to the running direction of the film material, thereby changing the wrap angle of the film material between the two traction rollers.

[0026] In a specific application of this invention, the traction roller group consists of a first traction roller that is actively driven and a second traction roller that is followed. The two are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other, naturally forming a clamping channel for the garbage bag film material to pass through smoothly. During the conveying process, the film material is clamped by the two traction rollers. The active rotation of the first traction roller provides traction force, which drives the film material to move towards the winding mechanism behind. The winding mechanism then simultaneously winds up the film material that has been tractioned, thus completing the continuous operation of film material conveying and winding in the garbage bag production process.

[0027] Furthermore, laser displacement sensors are installed on both sides of the clamping channel to detect the position information of the film edge in real time. This allows for real-time detection of whether the film shifts laterally during transport, providing signal input for subsequent offset correction. The system's elastic adjustment component is fixed to the side wall of the frame, with both ends connected to the bearing seats of the second traction roller. This enables elastic support and position adjustment of the second traction roller. The elastic adjustment component consists of several sets of series-connected disc springs and guide slides. The guide slides pass through pre-drilled elongated holes on the frame and are hinged to the ends of the bearing seats. The disc springs have excellent elastic restoring performance, and their series connection allows for the superposition and adjustment of elastic force to meet the clamping force requirements of different film materials. The threaded locking nut is used for mechanical fine adjustment of the preload of the disc springs. By rotating the threaded locking nut, the compression of the disc springs is changed, thereby adjusting the elastic force applied to the second traction roller. This allows the clamping force of the clamping channel to be adapted and adjusted according to the thickness and material specifications of the film material, avoiding excessive clamping force that could damage the film material, or insufficient clamping force that could cause the film material to slip and affect the conveying accuracy.

[0028] Furthermore, the position feedback module is integrated into the middle section of the guide slide column, enabling real-time detection of the guide slide column's displacement changes and converting the detected displacement signal into an electrical signal output to directly control the rotational speed of the first traction roller. When the film material shifts laterally within the clamping channel, the shifted film material exerts a lateral force on the second traction roller. Since the second traction roller is connected to the frame via an elastic adjustment component, and the guide slide column can move along the elongated hole of the frame, the lateral force pushes the bearing seat of the second traction roller, causing the guide slide column to move along the elongated hole. This, in turn, causes the guide slide column to drive the second traction roller to produce a slight oscillation perpendicular to the film material's running direction. This slight oscillation of the second traction roller changes the wrap angle of the film material between the two traction rollers. The change in the wrap angle synchronously adjusts the distribution of the traction and clamping forces on the film material. Simultaneously, the position feedback module transmits the displacement signal of the guide slide column to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the rotational speed of the first traction roller according to the signal, ensuring that the rotational speed of the first traction roller matches the film material's shift state. This achieves automatic correction of the film material's lateral shift, ensuring that the film material is always transported smoothly in the center position of the clamping channel.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, the surface of the traction roller assembly is covered with a composite friction layer, which consists of a three-layer structure. The weaving density of the microfiber fabric is higher in the middle region of the roller than in the two side edge regions. The total thickness of the composite friction layer is 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The microfiber fabric is made of high-temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, and its surface roughness Ra value is controlled between 0.8 micrometers and 1.5 micrometers.

[0030] The guide column in the elastic adjustment assembly adopts a hollow tubular structure, through which a fiber optic grating sensing unit is inserted. The fiber optic grating sensing unit is spirally wound along the axial direction of the guide column. The surface of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is coated with a polymer buffer layer with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The output end of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is connected to the central processing unit through a fiber optic jumper. The central processing unit reads the wavelength shift of the fiber optic grating in real time, converts the wavelength shift into the compression deformation of the guide column, and calculates the instantaneous tension value of the film material at the current moment. The end of the guide column is equipped with a conical reset head, which is embedded in a conical countersunk hole at the bottom of the frame.

[0031] In specific applications, the traction roller assembly of this invention is covered with a composite friction layer. The friction layer adopts a three-layer superimposed structure. The microfiber fabric constituting the main body of the friction layer has a higher weaving density in the central region of the roller than in the two side edge regions. During film material transportation, the central region experiences concentrated force and requires stable traction. The higher weaving density can increase the friction coefficient of the region and prevent slippage during film material transportation. The reduced weaving density in the two side edge regions can reduce the pulling effect of friction on the edges of the film material and prevent defects such as curling and tearing of the film material edges. This adapts to the transportation needs of garbage bag film materials of different widths. The total thickness of the composite friction layer is set between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. The thickness range can take into account both the structural strength and clamping adaptability of the friction layer. Too thin a thickness will cause the friction layer to wear easily and shorten its service life. Too thick a thickness will increase the clamping gap between the traction roller assembly and cannot adapt to the stable clamping of thin film materials. This ensures that film materials of different thicknesses can obtain appropriate clamping force. The microfiber fabric is made of high-temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene fiber. The fiber material can withstand the frictional heat generated by the high-speed rotation of the traction roller, preventing the friction layer from softening, deforming, or aging due to high temperatures. At the same time, it has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can resist the erosion of chemical media present in the production environment, maintaining the stable performance of the friction layer during long-term use. The surface roughness Ra value of the microfiber fabric is controlled between 0.8 micrometers and 1.5 micrometers. The roughness range can ensure sufficient friction between the friction layer and the film material, while avoiding surface protrusions from scratching the film material. It is especially suitable for thin and easily damaged garbage bag film materials, ensuring the surface integrity of the film material during transportation and reducing product loss.

[0032] Furthermore, the elastic adjustment component is installed on the side wall of the frame, with both ends connected to the bearing seats of the second traction roller. It provides elastic support and position adjustment for the second traction roller, working in conjunction with the traction roller assembly to accommodate different specifications of film material. The elastic adjustment component includes several sets of series-connected disc springs and guide pillars. The guide pillars pass through elongated holes in the frame, and their ends are hinged to the bearing seats. This hinged connection allows the guide pillars to move the bearing seats flexibly, adapting to the slight oscillations of the second traction roller and preventing jamming during movement. The series-connected disc springs achieve superposition of elastic forces, meeting the differentiated clamping force requirements of different film material specifications. The threaded locking nut allows for mechanical fine-tuning of the preload of the disc springs. By rotating the nut, the compression of the disc springs is changed, thereby adjusting the elastic force applied to the second traction roller. This allows the clamping force of the clamping channel to be flexibly adjusted according to the film material thickness and material parameters, preventing excessive clamping force that could cause film material stretching and deformation, and also preventing insufficient clamping force that could cause film material slippage, thus ensuring the accuracy of film material conveying.

[0033] Specifically, the guide column adopts a hollow tubular structure. The hollow structure effectively reduces its own weight and the load on the elastic adjustment component during movement, while ensuring the structural strength of the guide column. This allows for flexible movement of the guide column. In conjunction with the slight oscillation of the second traction roller, a fiber optic grating sensing unit runs through the hollow tubular structure. The sensing unit is spirally wound along the axial direction of the guide column. The spiral winding method can fully cover the entire movement stroke of the guide column, capturing deformation data at various positions of the guide column. This avoids the detection blind spots caused by a single axial arrangement and ensures the comprehensiveness of deformation detection. The surface of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is coated with a polymer buffer layer with a thickness of 0.2 mm. This buffer layer can absorb the vibration generated during the movement of the guide column, reduce the impact damage of vibration to the sensing unit, and isolate external environmental interference to ensure the stability of the sensing unit's detection signal. The output of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is connected to the central processing unit via a fiber optic patch cord. The central processing unit reads the wavelength shift of the fiber optic grating in real time. When the guide slide is compressed by the tension of the film material, the wavelength of the fiber optic grating will shift accordingly with the deformation. The central processing unit converts the wavelength shift into the compression deformation of the guide slide through a preset conversion relationship, and then calculates the instantaneous tension value of the film material by combining it with the elastic coefficient of the disc spring, thus realizing real-time monitoring of the film material tension.

[0034] Furthermore, a conical reset head is provided at the end of the guide slide column. The conical reset head is embedded in the conical countersunk hole at the bottom of the frame. The cooperation between the conical structure and the conical countersunk hole can play a guiding and positioning role. After the film material offset correction is completed and the tension is restored to stability, the conical reset head can drive the guide slide column and the second traction roller to quickly return to the initial position under the elastic force of the disc spring plate, so as to avoid the guide slide column deviating from the preset trajectory during the movement and ensure the stability of the subsequent operation of the system.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the winding mechanism includes a winding shaft, a floating roller frame, and a hydraulic damping cylinder. The floating roller frame is hinged to the top of the frame by two sets of symmetrical swing arms. An angle encoder is provided at the pivot of the swing arms. The piston rod of the hydraulic damping cylinder is connected to the bottom center of the floating roller frame. A pad block is provided on the floating roller frame. The pad block is installed on the surface of the floating roller frame by a snap-fit ​​structure. The snap-fit ​​structure includes a positioning pin and a spring locking plate.

[0036] It also includes an edge correction device, which includes a photoelectric beam receiver, a correction guide roller driven by a servo motor, and a linkage mechanism. The photoelectric beam receiver is installed at the entrance of the traction roller group. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the correction guide roller through a reduction gear set. One end of the linkage mechanism is connected to the bearing seat of the correction guide roller, and the other end is connected to the eccentric wheel of the servo motor. The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel is adjustable, and the maximum swing amplitude of the correction guide roller is changed by adjusting the eccentricity.

[0037] In specific applications, the winding mechanism of this invention serves as the end-effector for film material conveying. It comprises a take-up shaft, a floating roller frame, and a hydraulic damping cylinder. The take-up shaft is linked to the traction roller assembly, synchronously receiving the film material after traction conveying and completing the winding and storage of the film material, adapting to the production needs of garbage bags of different lengths and specifications. The floating roller frame is hinged to the top of the frame via two sets of symmetrical swing arms. This symmetrical arrangement ensures balanced force on the floating roller frame, avoiding tilting or jamming caused by unilateral force. The hinged design allows the floating roller frame to swing flexibly around the swing arm's axis, adapting to tension changes during film material winding and achieving dynamic buffering of winding tension. An angle encoder is installed at the swing arm's axis to capture the swing angle of the swing arm in real time, thereby obtaining the displacement change of the floating roller frame. The angle signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the central processing unit, providing data support for adjusting the winding tension.

[0038] Furthermore, the piston rod of the hydraulic damping cylinder is connected to the bottom center of the floating roller frame. The hydraulic damping cylinder can adjust the extension and retraction of the piston rod according to the control signal from the central processing unit, thereby adjusting the height and stress state of the floating roller frame. When the film winding tension is too high, the piston rod of the hydraulic damping cylinder extends, pushing the floating roller frame downwards to increase the buffer stroke of the film and reduce the winding tension. When the film winding tension is too low, the piston rod of the hydraulic damping cylinder retracts, pulling the floating roller frame upwards to reduce the buffer stroke of the film and increase the winding tension, thus achieving adaptive adjustment of the winding tension. The floating roller frame is equipped with padding blocks, which are installed on the surface of the floating roller frame via a snap-fit ​​structure. The snap-fit ​​structure includes a positioning pin and a spring locking plate. The positioning pin is used for quick positioning of the padding block, and the spring locking plate uses its own elastic force to firmly fix the padding block on the floating roller frame. This facilitates the replacement of appropriate padding blocks according to different materials and thicknesses of film. The padding blocks can prevent the floating roller frame from directly contacting the film material, reduce wear on the film material surface, and increase the contact area between the film material and the floating roller frame, ensuring the stability of the film material during winding and preventing wrinkles and deviations in the film material.

[0039] Specifically, the edge correction device is installed at the entrance of the traction roller group and is linked with the traction roller group and the central processing unit. It performs edge positioning and correction on the film material entering the clamping channel in advance, avoiding unstable conveying and damage caused by the film material deviating into the clamping channel. This further improves the system's adaptability to different specifications of film material. The edge correction device includes a photoelectric photoelectric receiver, a correction guide roller driven by a servo motor, and a linkage mechanism. The photoelectric photoelectric receiver is installed at the entrance of the traction roller group. Two sets of photoelectric photoelectric receivers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the film material. They can detect the position of the film material edge in real time. When the film material deviates laterally, one photoelectric photoelectric receiver is blocked by the film material, while the other side is in a conductive state, thereby generating a deviation signal. The deviation signal is transmitted to the central processing unit to provide a signal trigger for the correction action. The servo motor serves as the power source for the correction action. Its output shaft is connected to the rotating shaft of the correction guide roller through a reduction gear set. The reduction gear set can reduce the output speed of the servo motor, increase the output torque, ensure the smooth rotation of the correction guide roller, avoid excessive speed causing impact damage to the film material, and control the rotation angle of the correction guide roller to achieve correction of the film material edge.

[0040] Specifically, one end of the linkage mechanism is connected to the bearing housing of the correction guide roller, and the other end is connected to the eccentric wheel of the servo motor. The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel is adjustable. By adjusting the eccentricity, the maximum swing amplitude of the correction guide roller is changed to adapt to the correction requirements of film materials of different widths. For wide film materials, the eccentricity can be increased to improve the swing amplitude of the correction guide roller and quickly correct large deviations. For narrow film materials, the eccentricity can be reduced to decrease the swing amplitude of the correction guide roller and avoid excessive correction that could cause damage to the film edge. When the central processing unit receives the deviation signal from the photoelectric beam receiver, it controls the servo motor to start. The servo motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate. The eccentric wheel pulls the bearing housing of the correction guide roller through the linkage mechanism, causing the correction guide roller to swing perpendicular to the film material's running direction. The swing of the correction guide roller pushes the film material to shift towards the center position until the edge of the film material returns to the preset position. The photoelectric beam receiver returns to the symmetrical conduction state, the servo motor stops working, and one edge correction action is completed, achieving the positioning of the film material before it enters the traction roller group.

[0041] In one specific implementation, the central processing unit has a built-in fuzzy logic controller. The input variables of the fuzzy logic controller include the tension fluctuation value fed back by the fiber optic grating sensing unit, the film offset output by the position feedback module, and the current load value of the servo motor. The output variables of the fuzzy logic controller are the speed command value of the first traction roller and the pressure setting value of the hydraulic damping cylinder. The side of the frame is provided with a modular slot for installing the guide plate assembly. The guide plate assembly is spliced ​​from aluminum alloy profiles and stainless steel wear-resistant strips. The stainless steel wear-resistant strips are fixed in the grooves of the aluminum alloy profiles by screws. The inner surface of the guide plate assembly is machined with a V-shaped guide groove with an angle of 90 degrees. The telescopic adjustment mechanism includes a lead screw drive pair and a stepper motor. The top of the guide plate assembly is provided with a dust cover.

[0042] In specific applications, when the fiber optic grating sensing unit detects that the film tension fluctuation exceeds the preset range, or the position feedback module detects an abnormal film offset, or the servo motor current load value fluctuates, the fuzzy logic controller performs comprehensive analysis and fuzzy reasoning on the three input variables, outputting corresponding commands for the first traction roller speed and hydraulic damping cylinder pressure settings, and simultaneously adjusting the traction speed and winding damping force. When the tension fluctuation is too large, the fuzzy logic controller outputs commands to reduce the first traction roller speed and increase the hydraulic damping cylinder pressure, slowing down the film conveying speed and increasing the winding damping to quickly suppress tension fluctuations. When the film offset is too large, it outputs commands to adjust the first traction roller speed and adapt to the hydraulic damping cylinder pressure, coordinating with the edge correction device to ensure tension stability during film offset correction. When the servo motor current load value is abnormal, it outputs corresponding commands to adjust the speed and pressure, avoiding abnormal correction and winding actions caused by motor overload or insufficient load, achieving multi-variable collaborative control and improving system operational stability.

[0043] Furthermore, the frame features modular slots on its sides, providing detachable installation interfaces for the guide plate assembly. These slots adapt to different widths and conveying requirements for guiding film materials, enhancing the system's modularity and ease of maintenance. The guide plate assembly is constructed from aluminum alloy profiles and stainless steel wear-resistant strips. The aluminum alloy profiles are lightweight, have high structural strength, and are easy to process, reducing the overall weight of the guide plate assembly and the load on the frame. They are also easy to process into corresponding lengths and widths according to the guiding requirements of different specifications of film materials. The stainless steel wear-resistant strips possess excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, withstanding repeated friction during film material conveying, preventing rapid wear on the surface of the guide plate assembly, extending its service life, and reducing frictional resistance between the film material and the guide plate, preventing scratches on the film material surface.

[0044] Furthermore, the stainless steel wear-resistant strip is fixed in the groove of the aluminum alloy profile with screws. The screw fixing method is reliable and can prevent the wear-resistant strip from falling off due to vibration during film material transportation. It also facilitates the individual disassembly and replacement of the wear-resistant strip. When the wear-resistant strip is worn, it is not necessary to replace the entire guide plate assembly, only the wear-resistant strip needs to be replaced, reducing maintenance costs. The inner surface of the guide plate assembly is machined with a V-shaped guide groove with an angle of 90 degrees. The 90-degree angle can adapt to film materials of different thicknesses. During the film material transportation process, the edge is embedded in the V-shaped guide groove. The V-shaped structure can play a bidirectional limiting role for the film material, preventing lateral deviation during film material transportation. At the same time, it guides the film material smoothly into the clamping channel of the traction roller group along the preset direction. With the edge correction device, the synergistic effect of film material guidance and correction is further improved, ensuring the film material transportation position.

[0045] Specifically, the system is equipped with a telescopic adjustment mechanism, which includes a lead screw drive and a stepper motor. The stepper motor serves as the power source, with its output shaft connected to the lead screw drive. The moving end of the lead screw drive is connected to the guide plate assembly. The forward and reverse rotation of the stepper motor drives the lead screw drive to rotate, thereby causing the guide plate assembly to telescopically move along the width of the film material, achieving adjustable spacing between the guide plate assemblies. When conveying garbage bag film materials of different widths, the stepper motor drives the lead screw drive to adjust the spacing between the two sets of guide plate assemblies, making the V-shaped guide groove adaptable to the width of the film material. This eliminates the need to replace the guide plate assemblies, meeting the guiding requirements of film materials of different widths and further improving the system's adaptability to different specifications of film materials.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, a waste removal unit is also included. The waste removal unit is located behind the winding mechanism. The waste removal unit includes a pneumatic push rod, a cutting blade, and a collection box. An L-shaped push plate is installed on the piston rod of the pneumatic push rod. A rubber buffer pad is attached to the inner side of the L-shaped push plate. The cutting blade is a disc-shaped cutter. When the film material is detected to be damaged or the tension is abnormal for more than 3 seconds, the central processing unit issues a command. The pneumatic push rod pushes the L-shaped push plate to push the waste film out of the traction path. At the same time, the clutch disengages, and the disc-shaped cutter starts to cut the waste film. The collection box has a drawer-type structure and a filter screen is provided at the bottom.

[0047] In a specific application of this invention, the pneumatic pusher, serving as the power source for pushing waste material, is fixedly installed at a corresponding position on the frame. Its piston rod faces the film material conveying path, and an L-shaped pusher plate is mounted on the piston rod. The structure of the L-shaped pusher plate can fit against the film material conveying surface and side, ensuring full contact with the waste film during pushing and preventing the waste film from slipping or shifting during the pushing process. A rubber buffer pad is attached to the inner side of the L-shaped pusher plate. The rubber buffer pad has good elasticity and cushioning performance. When pushing the waste film, the rubber buffer pad makes flexible contact with the film material surface, which can ensure that the pushing force is sufficient to push the waste film out of the traction path, while avoiding rigid contact of the pusher plate that could cause the waste film to break and debris to scatter. At the same time, it prevents scratching other components on the film material conveying path and reduces component wear.

[0048] Furthermore, the cutting blade adopts a disc-shaped cutter. The disc-shaped structure enables continuous rotary cutting, resulting in high cutting efficiency and a smooth cutting surface. It can quickly cut off waste film and avoid incomplete removal due to waste film adhesion. The disc-shaped cutter is arranged corresponding to the film material conveying path, and its rotation power is provided by a dedicated drive component, which is linked with the central processing unit to trigger the cutting action. During system operation, the central processing unit receives tension signals from the fiber optic grating sensing unit, offset signals from the position feedback module, and other relevant detection signals in real time. When film material damage is detected, or abnormal tension lasts for more than 3 seconds, the central processing unit immediately issues a waste material rejection command to ensure that unqualified film material is processed in a timely manner and to avoid affecting subsequent processes.

[0049] Furthermore, upon receiving the command, the pneumatic pusher activates first, extending the piston rod and driving the L-shaped pusher plate towards the film material. The L-shaped pusher plate, through a rubber buffer pad, adheres to the waste film, pushing it out of the normal traction path and removing it from the working range of the traction roller group and the winding mechanism, providing safe space for subsequent cutting operations. Simultaneously, the central processing unit controls the clutch to disengage, cutting off the power transmission between the traction roller group and the winding mechanism, stopping the film material transport and preventing further adhesion between the waste film and qualified film material. This ensures the film material remains stationary during cutting, improving cutting accuracy and reducing the loss of qualified film material. After clutch disengagement, the disc-shaped cutter immediately activates, rotating at high speed to cut the waste film, completely separating it from the subsequent qualified film material and preventing unqualified portions from mixing with the qualified film material.

[0050] Furthermore, the collection box is located below the waste removal path to receive the ejected and cut waste film. The collection box features a drawer-type structure, allowing operators to easily remove it periodically to clean the accumulated waste film without disassembling the entire box, thus improving maintenance convenience, reducing downtime for cleaning, and ensuring production continuity. A filter screen is installed at the bottom of the collection box to filter out fine debris and dust mixed in with the waste film, preventing debris from scattering during cleaning and contaminating the production environment. It also prevents fine debris from entering the guide rails or frame gaps at the bottom of the collection box, avoiding mechanical jamming and wear, and extending the service life of the collection box and related frame components.

[0051] In one specific implementation, the power module uses a three-phase AC input. The DC bus voltage is converted into variable frequency AC power by an IGBT inverter to supply each servo motor. The heat sink of the IGBT inverter is equipped with a forced air-cooling fan. The speed of the forced air-cooling fan is automatically controlled by a temperature sensor. When the heat sink temperature exceeds 50 degrees Celsius, the fan runs at full speed. When the temperature is below 30 degrees Celsius, the fan stops. The power module is also equipped with a surge absorber and an overcurrent protection circuit breaker. The operating current setting of the overcurrent protection circuit breaker is 1.5 times the rated current, and the operating time is 0.1 seconds. The grounding resistance of the system is less than 4 ohms.

[0052] In specific applications, the power module of this invention adopts three-phase AC input. Three-phase AC power has the characteristics of high power, stable voltage, and high transmission efficiency, which can meet the simultaneous operation requirements of multiple high-power electrical components in the system. It is suitable for power supply to servo motors and pneumatic push rod components, avoiding the problems of insufficient power and voltage fluctuations that occur when using single-phase AC power. It ensures that the system can maintain stable power supply under high load conditions. The DC bus voltage is converted into variable frequency AC power through IGBT inverter to supply each servo motor. IGBT inverter has the advantages of fast switching speed, low loss, and high control. It can flexibly adjust the frequency of the output AC power according to the instructions of the central processing unit, thereby changing the speed of the servo motor. It adapts to the differentiated speed requirements of servo motors in different specifications of film material conveying, correction, and winding processes, realizing stepless speed regulation of servo motors. Combined with the output instructions of the fuzzy logic controller, it improves the control coordination of the system.

[0053] Specifically, the heatsink of the IGBT inverter is equipped with a forced-air cooling fan. During operation, the IGBT inverter generates a significant amount of heat. Heat buildup can cause the internal electronic components to overheat, affecting the inverter's performance and potentially leading to component burnout and power module failure. The forced-air cooling fan accelerates heat dissipation from the heatsink, lowering the inverter's operating temperature and ensuring long-term stable operation. The fan speed is automatically controlled by a temperature sensor mounted on the heatsink surface. This sensor monitors the heatsink temperature in real time and transmits the signal to the power module's control unit, enabling adaptive fan speed adjustment. When the heatsink temperature exceeds 50 degrees Celsius, the fan operates at full speed to maximize heat dissipation efficiency, quickly reducing the heatsink temperature and preventing inverter malfunctions due to overheating. When the temperature drops below 30 degrees Celsius, the fan stops, reducing energy consumption and noise, extending the fan's lifespan, thus achieving a balance between heat dissipation and energy saving.

[0054] Specifically, the power module is also equipped with a surge absorber and an overcurrent protection circuit breaker. The surge absorber is connected in parallel in the power input circuit, which can quickly absorb instantaneous overvoltages and surge currents in the power grid, preventing surge voltages from damaging the internal electronic components of the power module. At the same time, it prevents surge signals from being conducted to other electrical components in the system through the power line, protecting the central processing unit and the precision components of the servo motor from damage, improving the system's anti-grid interference capability, and adapting to the operating requirements of different power grid environments. The overcurrent protection circuit breaker is connected in series in the power input circuit to prevent overcurrent in the circuit. The operating current setting of the overcurrent protection circuit breaker is 1.5 times the rated current, and the operating time is 0.1 seconds. The setting value and operating time are matched to avoid the circuit breaker from malfunctioning due to current fluctuations during normal operation. It can also quickly act within 0.1 seconds when a short circuit or overload fault occurs in the circuit, causing the current to exceed 1.5 times the rated current, to cut off the power circuit and prevent the overcurrent from burning out the power module and servo motor components, minimizing failure losses.

[0055] In one specific implementation, the system also includes a human-machine interface terminal (HMI), which comprises a touchscreen display and an operation panel. The touchscreen display shows the current tension curve, film running speed, fault alarm codes, and equipment running time statistics. The operation panel is equipped with an emergency stop button, a mode selection knob, and a manual jog button. The mode selection knob has three positions: "automatic," "semi-automatic," and "manual adjustment." In the "manual adjustment" position, the operator can individually control the start, stop, and speed of each motor for equipment installation and debugging. The HMI is connected to the central processing unit via an industrial Ethernet network, supporting remote monitoring and data upload functions.

[0056] In practical applications, the touchscreen display serves as a system status display medium, receiving various operational data transmitted from the central processing unit in real time. It simultaneously displays the current tension curve, film material running speed, fault alarm codes, and equipment running time statistics. Operators can intuitively grasp the overall system operation through the touchscreen display, eliminating the need to check the status of each component individually, thus reducing operational and monitoring difficulties. The tension curve displays the dynamic changes in film material tension in real time, allowing operators to quickly determine if the tension is within a stable range and promptly detect abnormal tension trends, providing a clear basis for subsequent adjustments. The film material running speed clearly displays the current film material conveying and winding speeds, facilitating operators to adjust relevant parameters according to production needs. Fault alarm codes correspond to different types of system faults, allowing operators to quickly locate the fault location and cause, shortening troubleshooting time and reducing downtime losses. The equipment running time statistics record the cumulative running time of the equipment, providing data support for regular equipment maintenance and component replacement, avoiding equipment failures due to untimely maintenance.

[0057] Specifically, the control panel integrates various operation buttons and knobs. It includes an emergency stop button, a mode selection knob, and a manual jog button. The emergency stop button, as the system's emergency stop control component, immediately cuts off all power supply to the system and stops all components from operating. This is suitable for emergency scenarios such as sudden malfunctions or personnel misoperation, preventing the malfunction from escalating or causing safety hazards, and ensuring the safety of equipment and operators. The mode selection knob has three settings: "automatic," "semi-automatic," and "manual adjustment." These three settings correspond to different production and debugging scenarios, adapting to different system operating requirements. The "Automatic" setting is suitable for normal production conditions. In this mode, the system is fully controlled by the central processing unit, automatically completing the entire process of film material guidance, correction, tension adjustment, winding, and waste removal without operator intervention, thus improving production efficiency. The "Semi-Automatic" setting is suitable for scenarios where some processes require manual assistance. Operators can use the control panel to cooperate with the system to complete specific actions, balancing automation and flexibility. The "Manual Adjustment" setting is specifically designed for equipment installation, adjustment, and maintenance. In this setting, operators can individually control the start, stop, and speed of each motor without starting the entire system. This allows for targeted adjustment of individual components such as the traction roller group, servo motor, and winding mechanism, troubleshooting abnormal component operation, adjusting component operating parameters, reducing the difficulty of equipment installation and adjustment, improving adjustment efficiency, and avoiding film material loss or equipment damage caused by starting the entire system during adjustment.

[0058] Furthermore, the manual jog button, used in conjunction with the "manual adjustment" mode, allows operators to start, stop, and adjust the speed of a single motor by pressing the corresponding jog button. This controls the motor's operating status and facilitates adjustments to motor speed and operational stability. It can also be used in conjunction with other components for installation and calibration. For example, when adjusting the edge correction device, the servo motor can be controlled independently to adjust the swing amplitude of the correction guide roller, ensuring correction accuracy. When adjusting the winding mechanism, the take-up shaft motor can be controlled independently to adjust the winding speed and tension compatibility. The human-machine interface terminal connects to the central processing unit via industrial Ethernet. Industrial Ethernet features high transmission speed, high stability, and strong anti-interference capabilities, enabling high-speed data transmission between the human-machine interface terminal and the central processing unit. This ensures rapid transmission of operating commands and real-time feedback of system operating data, avoiding operational errors or inaccurate status monitoring caused by data transmission delays.

[0059] Furthermore, the industrial Ethernet connection also supports remote monitoring and data upload functions. Operators can log in to the system via a remote terminal without being on-site to view all operating data on the touch screen display in real time, including tension curves, film material running speed, and fault alarm codes. This allows them to monitor the system's operating status in real time, facilitating remote operation and maintenance. Simultaneously, system operating data can be automatically uploaded to a designated server for storage, backup, and analysis. Operators can analyze historical data to summarize system operating patterns, optimize operating parameters, and improve production efficiency and product quality. This also provides data support for equipment fault diagnosis and maintenance plan development, enabling intelligent operation and maintenance of the system.

[0060] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0061] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tension adaptive control system suitable for garbage bags of different sizes, characterized in that, include: The frame, a horizontally arranged traction roller group, and a winding mechanism located behind the traction roller group, wherein the traction roller group includes an actively driven first traction roller and a follow-up second traction roller, and a clamping channel for garbage bag film material to pass through is formed between the first traction roller and the second traction roller, and laser displacement sensors for detecting the edge position of the film material are respectively provided on both sides of the clamping channel. It also includes an elastic adjustment assembly, which is fixed to the side wall of the frame and connected to both ends of the bearing seat of the second traction roller. The elastic adjustment assembly includes several sets of series-connected disc springs and guide slides. The guide slides pass through elongated holes on the frame and are hinged to the ends of the bearing seats. The preload of the disc springs is mechanically fine-tuned by threaded lock nuts. It also includes a position feedback module, which is integrated in the middle section of the guide slide column. The position feedback module outputs a signal to control the rotation speed of the first traction roller, so that when the film material shifts laterally in the clamping channel, the guide slide column drives the second traction roller to produce a slight oscillation perpendicular to the running direction of the film material, thereby changing the wrap angle of the film material between the two traction rollers.

2. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the traction roller assembly is covered with a composite friction layer, which consists of a three-layer structure. The weaving density of the microfiber fabric is higher in the middle region of the roller than in the two side edge regions. The total thickness of the composite friction layer is 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The microfiber fabric is made of high-temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, and its surface roughness Ra value is controlled between 0.8 micrometers and 1.5 micrometers.

3. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide column in the elastic adjustment assembly adopts a hollow tubular structure, through which a fiber optic grating sensing unit is inserted. The fiber optic grating sensing unit is spirally wound along the axial direction of the guide column. The surface of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is coated with a polymer buffer layer with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The output end of the fiber optic grating sensing unit is connected to the central processing unit through an optical fiber jumper. The central processing unit reads the wavelength shift of the fiber optic grating in real time, converts the wavelength shift into the compressibility deformation of the guide column, and calculates the instantaneous tension value of the film material at the current moment. The end of the guide column is provided with a conical reset head, which is embedded in a conical countersunk hole at the bottom of the frame.

4. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The winding mechanism includes a winding shaft, a floating roller frame, and a hydraulic damping cylinder. The floating roller frame is hinged to the top of the frame by two sets of symmetrical swing arms. An angle encoder is provided at the pivot of the swing arm. The piston rod of the hydraulic damping cylinder is connected to the bottom center of the floating roller frame. A pad block is provided on the floating roller frame. The pad block is installed on the surface of the floating roller frame by a snap-fit ​​structure. The snap-fit ​​structure includes a positioning pin and a spring locking plate.

5. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an edge correction device, which comprises a photoelectric beam receiver, a correction guide roller driven by a servo motor, and a linkage mechanism. The photoelectric beam receiver is installed at the entrance of the traction roller group. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the correction guide roller through a reduction gear set. One end of the linkage mechanism is connected to the bearing seat of the correction guide roller, and the other end is connected to the eccentric wheel of the servo motor. The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel is adjustable, and the maximum swing amplitude of the correction guide roller is changed by adjusting the eccentricity.

6. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central processing unit is equipped with a fuzzy logic controller. The input variables of the fuzzy logic controller include the tension fluctuation value fed back by the fiber optic grating sensing unit, the film offset output by the position feedback module, and the current load value of the servo motor. The output variables of the fuzzy logic controller are the rotational speed command value of the first traction roller and the pressure setting value of the hydraulic damping cylinder.

7. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame has modular slots on its side for mounting guide plate assemblies. The guide plate assemblies are made of aluminum alloy profiles and stainless steel wear-resistant strips. The stainless steel wear-resistant strips are fixed in the grooves of the aluminum alloy profiles with screws. The inner surface of the guide plate assembly is machined with a V-shaped guide groove with an angle of 90 degrees. The telescopic adjustment mechanism includes a lead screw drive pair and a stepper motor. The top of the guide plate assembly is equipped with a dust cover.

8. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a waste removal unit located behind the winding mechanism. The waste removal unit includes a pneumatic push rod, a cutting blade, and a collection box. An L-shaped push plate is installed on the piston rod of the pneumatic push rod, and a rubber buffer pad is attached to the inner side of the L-shaped push plate. The cutting blade is a disc-shaped cutter. When the film material is detected to be damaged or the tension is abnormal for more than 3 seconds, the central processing unit issues a command, and the pneumatic push rod pushes the L-shaped push plate to push the waste film out of the traction path. At the same time, the clutch disengages, and the disc-shaped cutter starts to cut the waste film. The collection box has a drawer-type structure and a filter screen is provided at the bottom.

9. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power module uses a three-phase AC input. The DC bus voltage is converted into variable frequency AC power by an IGBT inverter to supply each servo motor. The heat sink of the IGBT inverter is equipped with a forced air cooling fan. The speed of the forced air cooling fan is automatically controlled by a temperature sensor. When the heat sink temperature exceeds 50 degrees Celsius, the fan runs at full speed. When the temperature is below 30 degrees Celsius, the fan stops. The power module is also equipped with a surge absorber and an overcurrent protection circuit breaker. The operating current setting of the overcurrent protection circuit breaker is 1.5 times the rated current, and the operating time is 0.1 seconds. The grounding resistance of the system is less than 4 ohms.

10. The tension adaptive control system for garbage bags of different specifications according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a human-machine interface terminal, which includes a touch screen display and an operation panel. The touch screen display shows the current tension curve, film running speed, fault alarm codes, and equipment running time statistics. The operation panel is equipped with an emergency stop button, a mode selection knob, and a manual jog button. The mode selection knob has three settings: "automatic," "semi-automatic," and "manual adjustment." In the "manual adjustment" setting, the operator can individually control the start, stop, and speed of each motor for equipment installation and debugging. The human-machine interface terminal is connected to the central processing unit via an industrial Ethernet network, supporting remote monitoring and data upload functions.

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