A method for preparing a leather-based eutectic gel using a chrome-free tanned leather substrate and a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of methods for preparing skin-based eutectic gel using chrome-free tanning blank and polymerizable deep eutectic solvent.The method prepares polymerizable deep eutectic solvent with betaine and acrylic acid, dissolves initiator in it to prepare dipping solution, then adds chrome-free tanning blank, stirs for 4-48 hours at 5-30 ℃, then heats chrome-free tanning blank at 40-80 ℃ for 2-12 hours to obtain skin-based eutectic gel.The skin-based eutectic gel prepared by the method inherits the original high mechanical strength of chrome-free tanning blank, and the three-dimensional network of polymer formed in situ forms network interpenetrating structure with the original three-dimensional network of collagen fibers in leather blank, further improves the mechanical strength of skin-based eutectic gel, thereby effectively solving the problems of insufficient network structure stability, poor mechanical strength and deep eutectic solvent leakage of traditional eutectic gel.The raw materials of the present application are easy to obtain, low in price, and the preparation process is simple and easy to scale up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of eutectic gel and leather-based functional materials, specifically to a method for preparing a high-strength leather-based eutectic gel by using chromium-free tanned leather blanks as raw materials, impregnating them with a solution composed of a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent and an initiator, and then polymerizing them in situ. Background Technology

[0002] Eutectic gels are a novel type of soft material formed by the synergistic effect of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and gelling agents. The emergence of eutectic gels stems from the innovative fusion of deep eutectic solvents and gel technology. Deep eutectic solvents, as low-melting-point mixtures formed by mixing hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) in a specific ratio, possess advantages such as being environmentally friendly (biodegradable and low-toxicity), having excellent solubility, and tunable structure. Gelling agents, through intermolecular forces (such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π stacking), self-assemble or covalently cross-link to form a three-dimensional network structure, immobilizing the deep eutectic solvent within it, thus endowing the material with the dual advantages of "solid-state mechanical support and liquid-state functional properties." Compared to traditional hydrogels and organic gels, eutectic gels exhibit unique performance advantages: ionic conductivity can reach 10⁻⁶. - ²~10 - ¹ S / cm (far exceeding 10 of traditional hydrogels) -4 ~10 - With a tensile strength of 0.5–10 MPa and an elongation at break of 50%–1000%, eutectic gels exhibit structural stability over a wide temperature range (-50–150°C) and demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. These eutectic gels show great application potential in flexible electronics, energy storage devices, biomedicine, and environmental remediation.

[0003] The preparation of traditional eutectic gels generally follows a "bottom-up" approach, whereby, in the presence of a deep eutectic solvent, the gelling agent undergoes polymerization of small molecules or cross-linking of large molecules under specific initiation conditions to form a three-dimensional cross-linked network of polymers, thereby forming a eutectic gel. Common preparation methods include: (1) In-situ polymerization: The monomer, cross-linking agent, and initiator are directly dissolved in the deep eutectic solvent. The monomer undergoes polymerization in the deep eutectic solvent medium through thermal or photoinitiation to form a polymer cross-linked network. The deep eutectic solvent is fixed in the network structure as a dispersion medium. This method is simple and efficient and can be compatible with various monomer and deep eutectic solvent systems. (2) Solvent replacement method: First, a polymer gel with a specific structure (such as a hydrogel or organic gel) is prepared. Then, the pre-formed polymer gel is immersed in a deep eutectic solvent. The original solvent is replaced by solvent exchange, and finally, a eutectic gel is obtained. The advantage of this method is that it can inherit the microstructure of the original gel, which is convenient for achieving specific morphological design. (3) One-step blending method: The polymer or gel agent is directly mixed with a deep eutectic solvent to form a gel network through physical cross-linking or self-assembly. This method usually does not involve chemical polymerization reaction, but uses non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking to construct a three-dimensional network structure.

[0004] Currently, due to limitations in preparation methods and materials, eutectic gels still face drawbacks such as insufficient network structure stability, poor mechanical strength, and easy leakage of deep eutectic solvents. The network structure of eutectic gels mainly relies on non-covalent bonds (such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions) for maintenance. With long-term use or under extreme environments (such as high temperature, high humidity, chemical corrosion, etc.), non-covalent bonds are prone to breakage, leading to network disintegration and performance degradation. For example, in environments above 80°C, the mechanical strength of traditional eutectic gels decreases by more than 50%, and the ionic conductivity decreases by 30% to 40%. Current solutions include: (1) Covalent crosslinking reinforcement: Introduce dynamic covalent bonds (such as Schiff bases, disulfide bonds) or irreversible covalent bonds (such as ester bonds, amide bonds) to construct a “non-covalent-covalent” synergistic network to improve structural stability. For example, Schiff base crosslinked eutectic gels show a performance degradation of <10% after 100 h of use in an environment of 100℃; (2) Inorganic-organic hybrid network: For example, introduce inorganic siloxane crosslinking points into the eutectic gel network through the sol-gel method to form an inorganic-organic hybrid network, which extends the temperature range to 150~200℃ and significantly improves chemical stability; (3) Polymer chain modification: For example, perform hydrophobic modification on the polymer chain of the gel factor (such as grafting long-chain alkyl groups) to enhance the hydrophobic interaction between molecules and improve the network’s anti-swelling ability. After soaking in water for 30 days, the swelling rate drops from 50% to 10%. Nevertheless, the inherent instability and insufficient mechanical strength of the three-dimensional cross-linked polymer network prepared via a bottom-up approach in eutectic gels remain a significant drawback. Consequently, the poor mechanical strength of eutectic gels and the tendency for deep eutectic solvents to leak have not been effectively addressed. Therefore, developing novel eutectic gel materials with stable structures, high mechanical strength, and minimal leakage of deep eutectic solvents is crucial and urgent, and is of great significance for promoting the high-value applications of eutectic gel materials in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs), as a novel medium combining the green properties of deep eutectic solvents with polymerization reactivity, provide an innovative "solvent-monomer integration" pathway for the preparation of eutectic gels. By introducing polymerizable functional groups (such as double bonds, epoxy groups, and thiol groups) into the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) or hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) molecules of the deep eutectic solvent, PDESs enable the solvent itself to function as both a "green dissolving medium" and a "polymerizable monomer." The gelation process requires no additional gelling agents; a three-dimensional network structure can be formed simply through the polymerization of PDESs themselves or copolymerization with a small amount of functional monomers. Therefore, the deep eutectic solvent and the three-dimensional cross-linked network of the gel are integrated, significantly reducing the risk of leakage. Furthermore, compared with traditional co-crystal gels, PDESs-based co-crystal gels have three core advantages: First, integrated structure. The three-dimensional cross-linked network of the polymer formed after PDESs polymerization is tightly bound to the residual deep co-crystal solvent through hydrogen bonds, significantly improving interfacial compatibility and avoiding the problem of gel factor aggregation in traditional systems. Second, precise performance control. Through triple control of the functional group type, degree of polymerization, and HBD / HBA ratio of PDESs, mechanical strength (0.5~15 MPa) and ionic conductivity (10 MPa) can be achieved. - ²~10 - ¹ Wide range of performance adaptability, such as S / cm and response sensitivity (ms level); ³ Easy integration of functions, which can be conveniently introduced by designing the polymerizable functional group type of PDESs, simplifying the preparation process.

[0006] Leather is a natural polymer material obtained by physically, chemically, and biologically treating animal hides (such as cowhide, sheepskin, and pigskin) to remove non-collagenous proteins (such as hair, fat, and interfibrous matrix) and stabilize the collagen fibers through cross-linking. Its unique three-dimensional woven collagen fiber network structure endows leather with excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, water vapor permeability, and biocompatibility. The leather production process includes three stages: preparation, tanning, and finishing. The preparation stage is the foundation of leather production. Its core objective is to remove non-collagenous proteins and impurities from the raw hide, making the collagen fibers moderately loose to create conditions for subsequent tanning reactions. This stage mainly includes soaking, hair removal, degreasing, softening, and pickling. Tanning is the key process in leather production. Through the cross-linking reaction between tanning agents and collagen molecules, the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and chemical resistance of the leather are significantly improved, determining its core quality. Depending on the type of tanning agent, tanning can be divided into chrome tanning and non-chrome tanning. Correspondingly, the tanned leather blanks can be divided into chrome-tanned leather blanks and non-chrome-tanned leather blanks. The finishing stage is the subsequent stage of leather preparation, including neutralization, fatliquoring, dyeing, filling, drying, and finishing processes. The core goal is to further optimize the feel, appearance, durability, and functionality of the leather.

[0007] Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that the unique three-dimensional network structure of collagen fibers in leather can serve as the basic framework for eutectic gels, adsorbing deep eutectic solvents and gelling agents. Subsequent gelation treatment can then form new polymer three-dimensional cross-linked networks in situ within the collagen fiber network structure. The interpenetration of these networks further enhances the mechanical properties of the resulting leather-based eutectic gel, thus solving the problems of insufficient network structure stability and poor mechanical strength in traditional eutectic gels. Furthermore, if polymerizable deep eutectic solvents are used in the preparation of the leather-based eutectic gel, the solvents will deeply integrate with the newly formed polymer three-dimensional cross-linked network and the original collagen fiber three-dimensional network in the leather, thereby significantly reducing the risk of leakage. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of unstable network structure, poor mechanical strength, and easy leakage of deep eutectic solvent in traditional eutectic gels, this invention adopts a "top-down" preparation route. It uses chrome-free tanned leather blanks as raw materials and utilizes their three-dimensional collagen fiber network as the basic framework of the eutectic gel. The chrome-free tanned leather blanks are impregnated with an impregnation solution composed of polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (betaine-acrylic acid, molar ratio 1:2) and initiator. This allows these functional substances to penetrate into the three-dimensional collagen fiber network structure of the chrome-free tanned leather blanks. Then, the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent is induced to undergo an in-situ polymerization reaction. The resulting polymer three-dimensional network forms an interpenetrating network structure with the original three-dimensional collagen fiber network in the chrome-free tanned leather blanks, resulting in a high-strength leather-based eutectic gel.

[0008] Specifically, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a leather-based eutectic gel, characterized by the following process flow: 1) Weighing the chrome-free tanned leather blank and adding it to an impregnation solution of 200% to 800% of the weight of the chrome-free tanned leather blank, and stirring at 5 to 30°C for 4 to 48 hours; 2) Taking out the impregnated chrome-free tanned leather blank and placing it between two smooth flat plates, while keeping the chrome-free tanned leather blank flat, heating it at 40 to 80°C for 2 to 12 hours to obtain the leather-based eutectic gel. The chromium-free tanned leather blanks used in this method are any one of the following: cowhide chromium-free tanned leather blanks, pigskin chromium-free tanned leather blanks, and sheepskin chromium-free tanned leather blanks; the type of chromium-free tanned leather blanks is any one of the following: metal chromium-free tanned leather blanks, organic chromium-free tanned leather blanks, and organo-metal combined chromium-free tanned leather blanks; the metal chromium-free tanned leather blanks are any one of the following: aluminum tanned leather blanks, zirconium tanned leather blanks, titanium tanned leather blanks, zeolite tanned leather blanks, and polymetallic tanned leather blanks; the organic chromium-free tanned leather blanks are any one of the following: aldehyde tanned leather blanks, organophosphorus tanned leather blanks, and organic synthetic tanned leather blanks; the impregnation solution used to prepare the leather-based eutectic gel is composed of an initiator and a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent, and their mass ratio is initiator: polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.1~1.0:100; the initiator in the impregnation solution is any one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride; the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in the impregnation solution is composed of betaine and acrylic acid, and their molar ratio is betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2.

[0009] The method for preparing skin-based eutectic gel provided by this invention has the following advantages: First, the present invention uses high-mechanical-strength chromium-free tanned leather blanks as the basic framework of the eutectic gel. The resulting leather-based eutectic gel inherits the original high mechanical strength of the chromium-free tanned leather blanks. Furthermore, the polymer three-dimensional network formed by in-situ polymerization and the original collagen fiber three-dimensional network in the chromium-free tanned leather blanks form an interpenetrating network structure, which further improves the mechanical strength of the leather-based eutectic gel. This effectively solves the problems of insufficient network structure stability and poor mechanical strength of traditional eutectic gels.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention uses polymerizable deep eutectic solvents to prepare skin-based eutectic gels, which fundamentally solves the problem of easy leakage of deep eutectic solvents in traditional eutectic gels.

[0011] Third, the raw materials used in this invention rely on the leather and chemical industries, are easy to obtain and inexpensive, and have a simple preparation process that is easy to scale up. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The following embodiments are provided to illustrate the present invention in more detail. It should be noted that the following embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-essential improvements and adjustments made to the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above description of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] Example 1 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using ammonium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.6:100. Goat zirconium tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 400% of the blank's weight. The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 12 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated goat zirconium tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, the mixture was heated at 65°C for 4 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0014] Example 2 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using potassium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.2:100. Sheep organophosphorus tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 600% of their weight, and stirred at 10°C for 40 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated sheep organophosphorus tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, they were heated at 75°C for 3 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0015] Example 3 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.1:100. A bovine zirconium-aluminum-titanium bonded tanned leather blank was weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 200% of its weight. The mixture was stirred at 5°C for 48 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated bovine zirconium-aluminum-titanium bonded tanned leather blank was removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blank, it was heated at 80°C for 2 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0016] Example 4 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using ammonium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 1.0:100. Pigskin aldehyde-tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 800% of their weight, and stirred at 25°C for 24 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated pigskin aldehyde-tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, they were heated at 70°C for 5 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0017] Example 5 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using potassium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.8:100. Goat organic synthetic tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution comprising 500% of the blank's weight, and stirred at 15°C for 32 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated goat organic synthetic tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, they were heated at 40°C for 12 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0018] Example 6 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.3:100. Sheep zeolite-aldehyde-bonded tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 300% of their weight, and stirred at 30°C for 4 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated sheep zeolite-aldehyde-bonded tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, they were heated at 55°C for 10 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0019] Example 7 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using ammonium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.5:100. The raw cowhide aluminum-tanned leather blank was weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 700% of its weight. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 16 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated raw cowhide aluminum-tanned leather blank was removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the raw cowhide aluminum-tanned leather blank, it was heated at 45°C for 11 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0020] Example 8 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using potassium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.9:100. Pigskin titanium-tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 350% of their weight. The mixture was stirred at 8°C for 44 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated pigskin titanium-tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, they were heated at 50°C for 9 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0021] Example 9 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.7:100. Goat aluminum-aldehyde bonded tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 750% of the blank's weight. The mixture was stirred at 12°C for 36 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated goat aluminum-aldehyde bonded tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, the mixture was heated at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0022] Example 10 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using ammonium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.4:100. The sheep zeolite-tanned leather blank was weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 650% of its weight. The mixture was stirred at 28°C for 8 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated sheep zeolite-tanned leather blank was removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blank, it was heated at 55°C for 8 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0023] Example 11 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using potassium persulfate as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.2:100. The aldehyde-synthetic tanning agent bound leather blank was weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 450% of its weight. The mixture was stirred at 27°C for 20 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated aldehyde-synthetic tanning agent bound leather blank was removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the aldehyde-synthetic tanning agent bound leather blank, it was heated at 60°C for 7 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0024] Example 12 A polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was prepared using betaine and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2. An impregnation solution was prepared using azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride as an initiator and the polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.4:100. Pigskin zeolite-tanned leather blanks were weighed and added to an impregnation solution equal to 550% of their weight, and stirred at 18°C ​​for 28 hours. Subsequently, the impregnated pigskin zeolite-tanned leather blanks were removed and placed between two smooth plates. While maintaining the flatness of the blanks, they were heated at 65°C for 4 hours to obtain a leather-based eutectic gel.

[0025] The tensile strength of the leather-based eutectic gel prepared in the above embodiments was determined by the method described in QB / T2710-2018 (Determination of tensile strength and elongation of leather physical and mechanical tests), and its electrical conductivity was determined by an electrochemical workstation. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1

Claims

1. A method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel, characterized in that... The process flow of this method is as follows: 1) Weigh the chrome-free tanned leather blank and add it to an impregnation solution of 200%~800% of the weight of the chrome-free tanned leather blank. Stir at 5~30℃ for 4~48 hours; 2) Take out the impregnated chrome-free tanned leather blank and place it between two smooth plates. While keeping the chrome-free tanned leather blank flat, heat it at 40~80℃ for 2~12 hours to obtain leather-based eutectic gel.

2. The method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel according to claim 1, characterized in that... The chromium-free tanned leather blank used to prepare the leather-based eutectic gel can be any one of the following: chromium-free cowhide tanned leather blank, chromium-free pigskin tanned leather blank, and chromium-free sheepskin tanned leather blank.

3. The method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that... The chromium-free tanned leather blank used to prepare the leather-based eutectic gel can be any one of the following: metal chromium-free tanned leather blank, organic chromium-free tanned leather blank, and organo-metal combined chromium-free tanned leather blank.

4. The method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that... The chromium-free tanned leather blank used to prepare the leather-based eutectic gel is any one of aluminum tanned leather blank, zircon tanned leather blank, titanium tanned leather blank, zeolite tanned leather blank, and multi-metal tanned leather blank.

5. The method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that... The organic chromium-free tanned leather preform used to prepare the leather-based eutectic gel is any one of aldehyde tanned leather preform, organophosphorus tanned leather preform, and organic synthetic tanned leather preform.

6. The method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel according to claim 1, characterized in that... The impregnation solution used to prepare the skin-based eutectic gel consists of an initiator and a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent, with a mass ratio of initiator:polymerizable deep eutectic solvent = 0.1~1.0:

100.

7. The method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that... The initiator in the impregnation solution used to prepare the skin-based eutectic gel is any one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride.

8. The method for preparing a skin-based eutectic gel according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that... The polymerizable deep eutectic solvent in the impregnation solution used to prepare the skin-based eutectic gel is composed of betaine and acrylic acid, with a molar ratio of betaine:acrylic acid = 1:2.

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