A high-air-tightness long-service-life rubber composite material and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a high airtightness, long-life rubber composite material, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of polymer materials technology. The composite material comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 50-70 parts brominated butyl rubber, 20-35 parts modified nano-silica, 8-15 parts organic montmorillonite, 3-6 parts composite anti-aging agent, 2-5 parts environmentally friendly tackifying resin, 1.5-3.5 parts vulcanization system, 3-6 parts activator, 1-4 parts plasticizer, and 0.5-2 parts processing aid. The preparation method includes base material plasticizing, primary blending, secondary blending, final vulcanization, calendering, gradient vulcanization, and plasma surface treatment. This invention achieves ultra-high airtightness (≤5×10⁻⁶) by using chlorinated / brominated butyl rubber, constructing a "maze effect" with nanofillers, synergistic protection with a quaternary composite anti-aging system, and gradient vulcanization and plasma surface treatment processes. ‑9 cm 3 / (cm 2 With excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength ≥18MPa) and ultra-long aging resistance (≥20 years), it can be widely used in water conservancy projects such as inflatable rubber dams, water-filled rubber dams, ecological landscape dams, flood control dams, and irrigation dams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polymer materials technology, and more specifically, to a high airtightness, long-life rubber composite material for hydraulic engineering facilities, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Inflatable rubber dams and water-filled rubber dams are widely used in river management, ecological landscaping, and agricultural irrigation due to their advantages such as quick construction, low cost, and good aesthetic effects. The core component of these facilities is the rubber bag body, which operates under high-pressure outdoor conditions for extended periods, placing extremely high demands on the material's airtightness, aging resistance, mechanical strength, and durability.

[0003] Currently, composite materials used in rubber dams mainly face the following technical challenges: 1. Insufficient air tightness: Traditional rubber materials (such as natural rubber and ordinary butyl rubber) or single filler systems are difficult to form an extremely dense cross-linked network, making it easy for gas molecules to penetrate. This leads to the need for frequent air replenishment in the dam body, increasing operation and maintenance costs and instability.

[0004] 2. Poor aging resistance: Long-term exposure to natural environments such as sunlight, ozone, and humid heat can easily cause the rubber molecular chains to break and cross-link, leading to material hardening, cracking, and a sharp decline in mechanical properties. The service life is usually only 10-15 years, which is difficult to meet the requirements of modern water conservancy projects for a maintenance-free service life of more than 20 years.

[0005] 3. Weak interfacial bonding: The bonding strength between the rubber material and the reinforcing fabric layer (such as polyester or nylon cord fabric) is insufficient, or the interface is prone to delamination under long-term high pressure, becoming a weak link for gas leakage and structural failure.

[0006] 4. Uneven vulcanization: For thick rubber dam bags, traditional vulcanization processes can easily cause differences in cross-linking density between the inside and outside, resulting in under-vulcanized or over-vulcanized areas inside the product, affecting the overall performance consistency.

[0007] Therefore, developing a new type of rubber composite material that combines ultra-high airtightness, excellent aging resistance, high mechanical strength, and ultra-long service life is of great significance for improving the reliability and economy of water conservancy engineering facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention aims to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art, providing a high-airtightness, long-life rubber composite material, its preparation method, and its applications. Through the synergistic effect of multiple components and specific processes, this material achieves significant improvements in airtightness, aging resistance, and mechanical properties, meeting the long-term use requirements of hydraulic engineering facilities in harsh environments.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high airtightness, long-life rubber composite material, comprising the following components by weight: Main rubber components: 30-50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 50-70 parts brominated butyl rubber; Reinforcing filler: 20-35 parts modified nano-silica, 8-15 parts organo-modified montmorillonite; Anti-aging system: 3-6 parts of compound anti-aging agent; Functional additives: 2-5 parts of environmentally friendly tackifying resin, 1.5-3.5 parts of vulcanization system, 3-6 parts of activator, 1-4 parts of plasticizer, and 0.5-2 parts of processing aid.

[0010] Furthermore, the composite anti-aging agent is a compound of N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (anti-aging agent 4010NA), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer (anti-aging agent RD), 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol (ultraviolet absorber UV-234) and microcrystalline wax in a mass ratio of (1-2):(1-2):(1-1.5):(0.5-1).

[0011] Furthermore, the modified nano-silica is nano-silica with a silane coupling agent surface modified and a specific surface area of ​​150-250 m² / g; the organo-modified montmorillonite is montmorillonite treated with long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt intercalation and has an interlayer spacing of 3-5 nm.

[0012] Furthermore, the vulcanization system includes sulfur, an accelerator, and a scorching inhibitor, wherein the accelerator is a compound of tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD) and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CZ).

[0013] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned high airtightness and long life rubber composite material, comprising the following steps: (1) Plasticizing the base material: Chlorinated butyl rubber and brominated butyl rubber are put into an internal mixer and plasticized at 40-60°C for 8-15 minutes to reduce the Mooney viscosity of the rubber to 40-60 to obtain plasticized rubber; (2) First stage blending: Add activator, modified nano-silica and organic montmorillonite to the internal mixer and blend at 80-95°C for 12-18 minutes; (3) Two-stage blending: Reduce the temperature of the internal mixer to 60-75°C, add the composite anti-aging agent, environmentally friendly tackifying resin, plasticizer and processing aid, and mix for 8-12 minutes; (4) Final Vulcanization: Transfer the rubber compound to a two-roll mill, add the vulcanization system at a temperature of 40-60°C, pass through the mill 5-8 times, mix evenly, and then sheet to obtain the compound. (5) Calendering: The compounded rubber is calendered into a sheet with a thickness of 1.0 to 2.5 mm at a temperature of 70 to 85°C using a calender. (6) Gradient vulcanization: After the calendered film is bonded to the reinforcing skeleton material, it is placed in a vulcanizing machine for two-stage gradient vulcanization. The first stage vulcanization conditions are: temperature 150-165℃, pressure 8-12MPa, time 8-15 minutes; the second stage vulcanization conditions are: temperature 165-180℃, pressure 8-12MPa, time 12-20 minutes. (7) Plasma surface treatment: The surface of the vulcanized composite material is subjected to plasma treatment. The treatment atmosphere is inert gas, the treatment power is 200-500W, and the treatment time is 30-90 seconds.

[0014] Further, the plasma treatment in step (7) is radio frequency glow discharge plasma treatment, the treatment atmosphere is argon or helium, and the treatment pressure is 20-80 Pa.

[0015] This invention further protects a high-airtightness, long-life rubber composite material prepared by the above-described preparation method.

[0016] This invention further protects the application of the above-mentioned high airtightness and long life rubber composite material in the preparation of water conservancy engineering facilities, including inflatable rubber dams, water-filled rubber dams, ecological landscape dams, flood control dams, or irrigation dams.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Excellent airtightness: A highly dense basic cross-linked network is constructed through the combined use of chlorinated butyl rubber and brominated butyl rubber. The high surface activity of modified nano-silica and the two-dimensional layered structure of organo-modified montmorillonite create a three-dimensional barrier network with a point-to-surface connection within the rubber matrix, producing a significant "maze effect" that greatly extends the diffusion path of gas molecules, achieving an airtightness of ≤5×10⁻⁶. -9 cm 3 / (cm 2 (·s·cmHg), far exceeding existing similar materials.

[0018] Ultra-long aging resistance: The quaternary composite anti-aging system works synergistically, with antioxidants 4010NA and RD providing protection against thermo-oxidative and ozone aging, UV-234 shielding against ultraviolet light, and microcrystalline wax forming a physical barrier on the surface, delaying the degradation of rubber molecular chains through both chemical and physical mechanisms. Combined with plasma treatment to strengthen the dense surface layer, the composite material can achieve a service life of over 20 years in harsh outdoor environments, with a thermo-oxidative aging performance retention rate of ≥92% and no cracking during ozone aging.

[0019] Excellent mechanical properties and interfacial bonding: The synergistic reinforcement of modified nanofillers and organo-modified montmorillonite significantly improves the tensile strength (≥18MPa) and tear strength (≥80kN / m) of the composite material. Simultaneously, plasma treatment introduces polar groups onto the material surface, significantly enhancing its adhesion to the fabric reinforcement layer or subsequent coatings, ensuring the structural integrity of the rubber dam bag under high pressure.

[0020] Highly uniform crosslinked network: The gradient vulcanization process effectively balances the vulcanization rate of the inner and outer layers of thick products through two stages of vulcanization at different temperatures, ensuring the uniformity of the crosslinking density of the entire adhesive layer and eliminating over-vulcanized and under-vulcanized areas, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the overall product performance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram for preparing the high airtightness and long life rubber composite material of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments of this invention are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] I. Basis for Determining Material Formula 1. Selection and proportioning of the main rubber compound. This invention uses chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) and brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) as the main rubbers. The halogenated butyl rubber not only retains the high airtightness of butyl rubber but also significantly improves vulcanization activity and compatibility with fillers. CIIR alone offers good processing flow but relatively low mechanical properties; BIIR alone provides good reinforcement but slightly poor processing performance. Using both together creates a complementary effect. When the CIIR dosage is below 30 parts, the processing performance of the compound deteriorates; when the CIIR dosage is above 50 parts, the crosslinking density of the vulcanizate is insufficient. Therefore, this invention limits the dosage range of CIIR and BIIR to 30–50 parts and 50–70 parts, respectively.

[0024] 2. Selection and Synergistic Mechanism of Enhanced Packing Materials This invention employs a blend of modified nano-silica and organo-modified montmorillonite as reinforcing fillers. The modified nano-silica (silane coupling agent modified, specific surface area 150–250 m² / g) forms strong chemical bonds with rubber molecular chains, providing significant reinforcement. The organo-modified montmorillonite (quaternary ammonium salt intercalation treatment, interlayer spacing 3–5 nm) is exfoliated into nanoscale sheets within the rubber matrix, creating a "maze effect" that greatly extends the diffusion path of gas molecules. When the two fillers are blended, the airtightness is improved by 30–50% compared to using either filler alone. When the amount of organo-modified montmorillonite is less than 8 parts, the "maze effect" is not significant; when it is more than 15 parts, agglomeration is likely. Therefore, this invention limits the amount of modified nano-silica to 20–35 parts and the amount of organo-modified montmorillonite to 8–15 parts.

[0025] 3. Design of a composite anti-aging system The quaternary composite anti-aging system developed in this invention is composed of antioxidant 4010NA (free radical scavenger), antioxidant RD (long-lasting thermo-oxidative protection), ultraviolet absorber UV-234 (ultraviolet light shielding), and microcrystalline wax (surface physical barrier). The four components work synergistically to construct a multi-layered protective network from chemical protection to physical isolation. Through orthogonal experimental optimization, the optimal mass ratio of the four components was determined to be (1-2):(1-2):(1-1.5):(0.5-1).

[0026] II. Key Technological Points of the Preparation Method 1. Segmented mixing process: First stage blending (80-95℃) is beneficial to the interfacial reaction between filler and rubber; second stage blending (60-75℃) avoids the high-temperature consumption of anti-aging agents; final sulfur addition (40-60℃) prevents scorching.

[0027] 2. Gradient vulcanization process: The first stage at a lower temperature (150-165℃) preheats the rubber compound and initiates cross-linking; the second stage at a higher temperature (165-180℃) promotes full internal cross-linking while preventing surface over-vulcanization. Experiments show that for 8mm thick products, the cross-linking density center / surface difference rate after gradient vulcanization can be reduced to below 3.5%, while the difference rate of traditional single-stage vulcanization reaches 15%.

[0028] 3. Plasma surface treatment: Radio frequency glow discharge plasma (argon or helium, 200-500W, 30-90 seconds) can clean the surface, introduce polar groups, and form a surface cross-linking layer, increasing the surface energy from 35mN / m to 60-70mN / m and improving the adhesion strength with the fabric by 40-50%.

[0029] III. Performance Testing Methods Tensile strength: Tested according to GB / T 528-2009, dumbbell-shaped type I specimen, tensile speed 500 mm / min.

[0030] Tear strength: Tested according to GB / T 529-2008, right-angled specimen, tensile speed 500 mm / min.

[0031] Air tightness: Tested according to GB / T 7755.2-2018, constant volume method, test gas is air, temperature 25℃.

[0032] Thermo-oxidative aging performance retention rate: Tested according to GB / T 3512-2014, aging conditions 100℃×72h, and the tensile strength retention rate was calculated.

[0033] Ozone aging performance: Tested according to GB / T 7762-2014, ozone concentration 50pphm, temperature 40℃, stretching 20%, time 72h.

[0034] Bonding strength with skeleton material: Tested according to GB / T 532-2008, H extraction method, sample width 25mm, tensile speed 50mm / min.

[0035] IV. Examples and Comparative Examples Example 1 (Optimal Formulation) This embodiment provides a high airtightness and long life rubber composite material, which, by weight, consists of: 40 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 60 parts brominated butyl rubber, 28 parts modified nano-silica, 12 parts organic montmorillonite, 4.5 parts composite anti-aging system, 3 parts environmentally friendly tackifying resin, 2.5 parts vulcanization system, 4 parts activator, 2 parts plasticizer, and 1 part processing aid.

[0036] The composite anti-aging system is composed of antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant RD, UV-234, and microcrystalline wax in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:1.2:0.8. The modified nano-silica is Si69 modified with a specific surface area of ​​200 m². 2 / g; interlayer spacing of organic montmorillonite 4.2nm. The sulfurization system contains 1.5 parts sulfur, 0.5 parts TBzTD, and 0.5 parts CZ.

[0037] For preparation methods, please refer to Figure 1 The specific steps are as follows: (1) Substrate plasticizing: Plasticize at 55°C for 12 minutes; (2) First stage blending: Mix at 85°C for 15 minutes; (3) Two-stage blending: Cool to 70℃ and mix for 10 minutes; (4) Final sulfur addition: pass through the smelting chamber 6 times at 55℃; (5) Calendering: Pressed at 75℃ into a 1.5mm film; (6) Gradient vulcanization: 160℃×10min + 170℃×15min, pressure 10MPa; (7) Plasma treatment: Argon, 50 Pa, 300 W, 60 seconds.

[0038] Performance test results: tensile strength 19.2 MPa, tear strength 86 kN / m, air tightness 3.8 × 10⁻⁶ -9 cm 3 / (cm 2 ·s·cmHg), heat and oxygen aging retention rate of 94%, no cracks after ozone aging, and adhesion strength to fabric of 18.2kN / m.

[0039] Example 2 (Boundary Formulation - Low Components) By weight: 30 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 70 parts brominated butyl rubber, 20 parts modified nano-silica, 15 parts organic montmorillonite, 3 parts composite anti-aging system, 2 parts environmentally friendly tackifying resin, 1.5 parts vulcanization system, 3 parts activator, 1 part plasticizer, and 0.5 parts processing aid. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, with corresponding adjustments to the process parameters (plasticizing at 50℃ for 15 min, first stage at 80℃ for 18 min, second stage at 60℃ for 12 min, final mixing at 50℃ for 8 min, calendering at 70℃, gradient vulcanization at 150℃ for 15 min + 165℃ for 20 min, plasma treatment at 200W for 90 s).

[0040] Performance test results: Tensile strength 18.5 MPa, tear strength 82 kN / m, air tightness 4.5 × 10⁻⁶ -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 92.5%, no cracks are observed after ozone aging, and the adhesive strength is 16.8 kN / m.

[0041] Example 3 (Boundary Formulation - High Component) By weight: 50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 50 parts brominated butyl rubber, 35 parts modified nano-silica, 8 parts organic montmorillonite, 6 parts composite anti-aging system, 5 parts environmentally friendly tackifying resin, 3.5 parts vulcanization system, 6 parts activator, 4 parts plasticizer, and 2 parts processing aid. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, with corresponding adjustments to the process parameters (plasticizing 60℃×8min, first stage 95℃×12min, second stage 75℃×8min, final mixing 60℃×5min, calendering 85℃, gradient vulcanization 165℃×8min+180℃×12min, plasma 500W×30s).

[0042] Performance test results: tensile strength 19.8 MPa, tear strength 89 kN / m, air tightness 3.2 × 10⁻⁶ -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 93.8%, no cracks are observed after ozone aging, and the adhesive strength is 19.5 kN / m.

[0043] Example 4 (Changes in the proportion of anti-aging agents) The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the composite anti-aging system is 2:1:1.5:0.5. Performance test results: tensile strength 18.9 MPa, tear strength 85 kN / m, air tightness 4.0 × 10⁻⁶. -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 93.2%, no cracks are observed after ozone aging, and the adhesive strength is 18.0 kN / m.

[0044] Example 5 (Different Plasma Treatment Parameters) The difference from Example 1 is that the plasma treatment parameters were adjusted to 200W and 90s. Performance test results: tensile strength 19.0MPa, tear strength 85kN / m, air tightness 3.7×10 -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 93.5%, no cracks are observed after ozone aging, and the adhesive strength is 17.2 kN / m.

[0045] Example 6 (Accelerators for different vulcanization systems) The difference from Example 1 is that only 1.0 part of CZ was used in the vulcanization system, and TBzTD was not used. Performance test results: tensile strength 18.6 MPa, tear strength 83 kN / m, air tightness 4.2 × 10⁻⁶. -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 92.8%, no cracks are observed after ozone aging, and the adhesive strength is 17.5 kN / m.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 (Main Rubber Unit) The difference from Example 1 is that the main rubber used is only 100 parts of brominated butyl rubber, without the addition of chlorinated butyl rubber. Performance test results: tensile strength 16.5 MPa, tear strength 71 kN / m, air tightness 7.8 × 10⁻⁶. -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 88%, and the adhesive strength is 17.8 kN / m.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 (Simplified Packing System) The difference from Example 1 is that no organo-modified montmorillonite was added, and the modified nano-silica was increased to 40 parts. Performance test results: tensile strength 17.8 MPa, tear strength 78 kN / m, air tightness 6.5 × 10⁻⁶. -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 91%, and the adhesive strength is 18.0 kN / m.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 (Simplified Vulcanization Process) The difference from Example 1 is that the vulcanization process uses a single-stage vulcanization: 165℃ × 25 min. Performance test results: tensile strength 18.1 MPa, tear strength 72 kN / m, air tightness 3.9 × 10⁻⁶. -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate was 93.5%, the adhesive strength was 17.5 kN / m, and the crosslinking density center / surface difference rate was 15% (3.5% in Example 1).

[0049] Comparative Example 4 (without plasma treatment) The difference from Example 1 is that no plasma surface treatment was performed. Performance test results: tensile strength 19.0 MPa, tear strength 85 kN / m, air tightness 3.7 × 10⁻⁶. -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 93.8%, and the adhesive strength is 12.5 kN / m.

[0050] Comparative Example 5 (Commercially Available Comparison) A commercially available butyl rubber composite material for rubber dams was selected. Performance test results: tensile strength 14.2 MPa, tear strength 65 kN / m, air tightness 12.5 × 10⁻⁶. -9 The thermo-oxidative aging retention rate is 78%, the ozone aging shows slight cracks, and the adhesive strength is 13.0 kN / m.

[0051] V. Results Analysis 1. Effect of the ratio of main rubbers: Comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the combination of chlorinated / brominated butyl rubber increases tensile strength by 16.4%, tear strength by 21.1%, and air tightness by 51.3%, demonstrating the synergistic effect of the two rubbers.

[0052] 2. Effect of filler compound system: The comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 shows that the introduction of organic montmorillonite improved the air tightness by 41.5%, proving the key contribution of the "maze effect" to the air tightness.

[0053] 3. Effect of gradient vulcanization process: The comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 shows that gradient vulcanization reduces the crosslinking density center / surface difference rate from 15% to 3.5%, which significantly improves the performance consistency of thick products.

[0054] 4. Effect of plasma surface treatment: A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 shows that plasma treatment increases the adhesive strength by 45.6%, which is crucial for interfacial bonding.

[0055] 5. Comparison with commercially available products: The comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 shows that the material of the present invention is significantly superior to the prior art in terms of tensile strength, tear strength, air tightness, and heat and oxygen aging retention rate. The air tightness is improved by nearly 70%, and the aging retention rate is increased from 78% to 94%.

[0056] VI. Application Examples The composite material prepared in Example 1 was used to manufacture inflatable rubber dam bags (8mm thick, 3 rubber layers + 2 polyester fabric layers). Tests showed: a pressure drop of 2.8% after 72 hours at a working pressure of 0.7MPa; a burst pressure of 2.52MPa; no surface cracking after 72 hours of hot air aging at 100℃, with tensile strength retention >90%; and performance retention >85% after 18 months of outdoor exposure. This fully meets the requirements of water conservancy projects for a maintenance-free service life of over 20 years.

[0057] Industrial applicability The high airtightness and long service life rubber composite material of this invention possesses superior comprehensive properties, making it particularly suitable for manufacturing various water conservancy engineering facilities, such as inflatable rubber dams, water-filled rubber dams, ecological landscape dams, flood control dams, and irrigation dams. This material ensures high airtightness, structural stability, and an ultra-long maintenance-free service life of the rubber dam body under long-term high pressure and harsh outdoor environments, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs, improving project safety and economic benefits, and possessing extremely high industrial application value.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high airtightness, long-life rubber composite material, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: Main rubber components: 30-50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 50-70 parts brominated butyl rubber; Reinforcing filler: 20-35 parts modified nano-silica, 8-15 parts organo-modified montmorillonite; Anti-aging system: 3-6 parts of compound anti-aging agent; Functional additives: 2-5 parts of environmentally friendly tackifying resin, 1.5-3.5 parts of vulcanization system, 3-6 parts of activator, 1-4 parts of plasticizer, and 0.5-2 parts of processing aid.

2. The high airtightness and long life rubber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite anti-aging agent is a compound of N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol and microcrystalline wax in a mass ratio of (1-2):(1-2):(1-1.5):(0.5-1).

3. The high airtightness and long life rubber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified nano-silica is a silane coupling agent-modified nano-silica with a specific surface area of ​​150–250 m². 2 / g; The organic montmorillonite is montmorillonite that has undergone long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt intercalation treatment, with an interlayer spacing of 3-5 nm.

4. The high airtightness and long life rubber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vulcanization system includes sulfur, an accelerator, and a scorching inhibitor. The accelerator is a compound of tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide.

5. A method for preparing a high airtightness, long-life rubber composite material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Plasticizing of the base material: Plasticize chlorinated butyl rubber and brominated butyl rubber at 40-60°C for 8-15 minutes; (2) First stage blending: Add activator, modified nano-silica and organic montmorillonite, and mix at 80-95℃ for 12-18 minutes; (3) Two-stage blending: Cool down to 60-75℃, add composite anti-aging agent, environmentally friendly tackifying resin, plasticizer and processing aid, and mix for 8-12 minutes; (4) Final Vulcanization: Add the vulcanization system at 40-60℃, mix evenly, and obtain the compound rubber; (5) Calendering: The compounded rubber is pressed into sheets at 70-85°C; (6) Gradient vulcanization: Two-stage gradient vulcanization is carried out. The first stage vulcanization conditions are: temperature 150-165℃, pressure 8-12MPa, time 8-15 minutes; the second stage vulcanization conditions are: temperature 165-180℃, pressure 8-12MPa, time 12-20 minutes. (7) Plasma surface treatment: The surface of the vulcanized composite material is subjected to plasma treatment. The treatment atmosphere is inert gas, the treatment power is 200-500W, and the treatment time is 30-90 seconds.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The plasma treatment in step (7) is radio frequency glow discharge plasma treatment, the treatment atmosphere is argon or helium, and the treatment pressure is 20-80 Pa.

7. A high-airtightness, long-life rubber composite material prepared by the preparation method described in claim 5 or 6.

8. The application of the high airtightness and long life rubber composite material according to any one of claims 1-4 and 7 in the preparation of water conservancy engineering facilities.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water conservancy engineering facilities include inflatable rubber dams, water-filled rubber dams, ecological landscape dams, flood control dams, or irrigation dams.

10. A rubber dam bag body, characterized in that, It is made at least in part from the high airtightness long-life rubber composite material as described in any one of claims 1-4 and 7.

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