High solid fire-retardant decorative coating, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of coating technology, specifically relating to a high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating, its preparation method, and its application. The coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of water-based acrylic emulsion, 220-240 parts of filler, 120-130 parts of flame retardant, 5-10 parts of modified polypropylene hollow fiber, 1-3 parts of leveling agent, 2-3 parts of dispersant, 0.3-0.5 parts of pH adjuster, 0.1-0.5 parts of defoamer, 0.1-0.5 parts of wetting agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of water-based colorant, and 90-100 parts of water. This coating possesses high adhesion, strong flame retardancy, excellent workability and storage stability, and good decorative effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coating technology, specifically relating to a high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Aerogel insulation materials, especially composites based on silica (SiO2) aerogel, have become key materials in fields such as thermal management of new energy battery packs, energy conservation of building envelopes, insulation of industrial equipment, and thermal insulation of ships, thanks to their excellent thermal insulation performance—a thermal conductivity as low as 0.015-0.025 W / (m·K)—and significant lightweight characteristics. However, aerogels are composed of nanoporous networks and are inherently brittle, resulting in common particle shedding (i.e., "powdering") in practical applications. During product handling, installation, or long-term vibration, powder shedding not only gradually weakens the material's insulation efficiency but may also pollute surrounding equipment and the environment, and even affect the normal operation of precision instruments. This problem seriously restricts the reliable application of aerogel products in high-end and complex scenarios.

[0003] To address the issue of powder shedding, the industry currently relies primarily on physical encapsulation technology. Typical solutions include encapsulation using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film via hot pressing, or using materials such as aluminum film, PAP film, and fiberglass cloth with adhesives for bonding and wrapping. While these methods provide physical isolation to some extent, they also result in a series of significant technical and economic drawbacks: (1) Poor process compatibility: The high temperature and pressure required for hot pressing, or the curing conditions of the adhesives used in bonding and wrapping, can easily cause irreversible compression or thermal damage to the fragile nanoporous structure of aerogel, leading to a 10-20% decrease in its thermal insulation performance and partially sacrificing the core advantages of aerogel. (2) Weak shape adaptability: Existing encapsulation processes are mainly suitable for flat or simple curved sheets. For substrates with complex three-dimensional structures such as pipes, valves, and irregularly shaped components, it is difficult to achieve complete and tight wrapping, resulting in blind spots in protection. (3) Insufficient long-term reliability: The thermal expansion coefficients between the encapsulation film and the aerogel substrate differ significantly, which can easily lead to problems such as interface delamination, bulging, and deformation during temperature cycling or long-term use, affecting service life and appearance. In addition, the added film and adhesive layer increase the product weight by 15-30%, which contradicts the original intention of lightweighting. (4) Limited production costs and flexibility: The investment costs of hot pressing and special bonding equipment are high, and the production line has low adaptability to product size and specifications. When the product size or shape changes, the production line is difficult to adjust and the cost is high, which restricts the development and application of customized products. (6) Shortcomings in flame retardancy: The flame retardancy rating of commonly used PET films or encapsulation adhesives is limited, which may become a potential safety hazard in application scenarios with extremely high fire safety requirements, such as new energy batteries and high-temperature pipelines.

[0004] In summary, existing physical encapsulation solutions have significant bottlenecks in terms of performance protection, shape adaptability, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness. In particular, given the growing demand for protection of irregularly shaped aerogel components and other precision applications requiring dust protection, the market lacks an encapsulation method that can simultaneously provide efficient protection, universal shape adaptability, gentle processing, and without compromising substrate performance.

[0005] Therefore, the industry urgently needs to develop an innovative surface protection technology. An ideal new solution should be implemented through a room-temperature, low-pressure coating process, completely avoiding thermal and mechanical damage to the porous structure of aerogel. Simultaneously, the technology must possess excellent rheological and film-forming properties, enabling perfect adhesion and coating of various complex and irregularly shaped surfaces, achieving comprehensive protection without blind spots and fundamentally solving the "powdering" problem. Furthermore, if the coating can be further endowed with good flame-retardant properties and decorative effects, the added value, safety, and market competitiveness of aerogel products can be comprehensively enhanced, potentially replacing traditional PET hot-press encapsulation and cloth / film bonding solutions, and promoting the in-depth application of aerogel materials in a wider range of fields. Therefore, this invention provides a high-solids-content flame-retardant decorative coating to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating that has high adhesion, strong flame retardancy, excellent workability and storage stability, and good decorative effect.

[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-solids-content flame-retardant decorative coating.

[0008] The third objective of this invention is to provide an application of a high-solids-content flame-retardant decorative coating.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of water-based acrylic emulsion, 220-240 parts of filler, 120-130 parts of flame retardant, 5-10 parts of modified polypropylene hollow fiber, 1-3 parts of leveling agent, 2-3 parts of dispersant, 0.3-0.5 parts of pH adjuster, 0.1-0.5 parts of defoamer, 0.1-0.5 parts of wetting agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of water-based colorant, and 90-100 parts of water; the preparation process of the modified polypropylene hollow fiber is as follows: Polypropylene hollow fibers were added to anhydrous ethanol containing tetraethyl orthosilicate, and then KH570 and dodecyl betaine were added. The mixture was heated to react, and after the reaction was completed, it was aged to obtain the modified polypropylene hollow fibers.

[0010] Furthermore, the aqueous acrylic emulsion has a solid content of 48%, a viscosity of 2500 mPa·s, and a temperature condition of 25°C.

[0011] Furthermore, the ratio of polypropylene hollow fiber to tetraethyl orthosilicate is 13g:(70-90)mL; the mass concentration of KH570 in anhydrous ethanol is 1-2%; the mass concentration of dodecyl betaine in anhydrous ethanol is 1-2%; and the volume ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to anhydrous ethanol is 1:12.5-15.

[0012] Furthermore, the heating reaction temperature is 40-50℃, and the time is 5-8h; the aging time is 10-15h.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation process of the filler is as follows: (1) Take chitosan and add it to an aqueous solution of acetic acid, then add kaolin, mix evenly, ball mill, and dry to obtain pretreated kaolin; (2) Take the kaolin, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose pretreated in step (1) and add them to water. Heat them under inert gas protection to obtain the filler.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the ratio of chitosan, kaolin, and acetic acid aqueous solution is 1g:(1-3)g:(1-3)mL; the mass concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 3-5%; the ball milling time is 12-14h, and the speed is 350-420rpm / min.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass ratio of the pretreated kaolin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid is 1:(1-5):(1-5); the heating temperature is 110-120℃ and the time is 3-5h.

[0016] Furthermore, the flame retardant is composed of aluminum hydroxide and melamine in a mass ratio of 1:(1.5-1.7); the leveling agent is Rohm and Haas RM-2020; the dispersant is polycarboxylate dispersant 5040; and the pH adjuster is AMP-95.

[0017] Furthermore, the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer; the wetting agent is wetting agent X-405; and the water-based color paste is a water-based resin-free color paste.

[0018] Furthermore, the defoamer is BYK-066N; the water-based pigment paste is composed of the following components in weight percentage: 18% pigment powder, 0.5% Air Chemical 104 DPM, 6% isopropanol, 0.01% Dow AMP95, 10% BASF4585 dispersant, and the balance being water.

[0019] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating includes the following steps: Add the leveling agent, dispersant, pH adjuster, defoamer, and wetting agent to water according to the stated weight proportions, mix evenly to form a premix; add filler, modified polypropylene hollow fiber, flame retardant, and water-based color paste to the premix, mix evenly, and then add water-based acrylic emulsion and mix evenly.

[0020] The application of the above-mentioned high-solids flame-retardant decorative coatings in the preparation of aerogel thermal insulation materials.

[0021] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The coating of the present invention contains water-based acrylic emulsion, filler, modified polypropylene hollow fiber, flame retardant and other raw materials. Experimental results show that the coating has high adhesion, strong flame retardancy, excellent workability and storage stability and good decorative effect.

[0022] 2. The filler of this invention improves the adhesion, flame retardancy, workability, and storage stability of coatings. Specifically, the filler is prepared by first forming a gel from chitosan in an aqueous acetic acid solution, followed by ball milling with kaolin to disperse the lamellar structure of the kaolin, increasing its specific surface area and surface active sites. The positively charged chitosan molecules can be encapsulated or intercalated into the negatively charged kaolin through electrostatic adsorption. The amino groups in aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid can react with the carboxyl groups in chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose to form a stable network structure on the kaolin surface. The hydrophilic functional groups on the kaolin surface, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, improve the compatibility of the filler in water-based coatings, regulate the drying speed of the coating, facilitate application, and provide steric hindrance, effectively preventing filler sedimentation and agglomeration, improving the storage stability of the coating, and enhancing workability. The numerous polar functional groups on the kaolin surface (such as -COOH, -OH, and -NH2) can form hydrogen bonds with the coated substrate, such as aerogel materials, significantly enhancing the adhesion of the coating to the substrate. Phosphoric acid groups release acidic substances such as phosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid at high temperatures. These acidic products are strong dehydration catalysts, which can promote intramolecular dehydration reactions in polymer materials, generate a dense carbon layer, and improve the flame retardant effect.

[0023] 3. The modified polypropylene hollow fiber of this invention improves the flexibility, adhesion, and flame retardancy of the coating. Specifically, the modified polypropylene hollow fiber of this invention is a polypropylene fiber modified with silica and a silane coupling agent. It has good dispersibility and can form a "network support structure" in the coating, effectively preventing coating cracking, improving interfacial compatibility with the aerogel substrate surface, and enhancing the conduction and dispersion of flame retardants at high temperatures, thus improving flame retardant performance. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 SEM image of the packing material prepared in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the modified polypropylene hollow fibers prepared in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific conditions not specified in the embodiments are performed according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents or instruments used are conventional products obtained through commercial channels.

[0026] The waterborne acrylic emulsion of this invention has a solid content of 48%, a viscosity of 2500 mPa·s, and a temperature condition of 25°C. The leveling agent is Rohm and Haas RM-2020; the dispersant is polycarboxylate dispersant 5040; and the pH adjuster is AMP-95. The flame retardant is composed of aluminum hydroxide and melamine in a mass ratio of 1:1.6.

[0027] The defoamer is BYK-066N; the wetting agent is wetting agent X-405. The water-based color paste is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 18% pigment powder, 0.5% Air Chemical 104 DPM, 6% isopropanol, 0.01% Dow AMP95, 10% BASF4585 dispersant, and the balance being water.

[0028] Preparation Example 1 A filler, the preparation process is as follows: (1) Chitosan, kaolin and acetic acid aqueous solution were added in a ratio of 1g:2g:2mL. Chitosan was added to an acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 4%, and then kaolin was added. The mixture was stirred at 360rpm / min for 40min, and then ball-milled continuously at 400rpm / min for 13h. After drying, pretreated kaolin was obtained. (2) Using a ratio of 1g:3g:4g:200mL for pretreated kaolin, carboxymethyl cellulose, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, and water, add the pretreated kaolin, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, and carboxymethyl cellulose from step (1) to water, and heat at 115℃ for 4 hours under nitrogen protection to obtain the packing material. See the SEM image of the packing material. Figure 1 .

[0029] Preparation Example 2 A filler, the preparation process is as follows: (1) Chitosan, kaolin and acetic acid aqueous solution were added in a ratio of 1g:1g:1mL. Chitosan was added to an acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 3%, and then kaolin was added. The mixture was stirred at 360rpm / min for 40min, and then ball-milled continuously at 350rpm / min for 14h. After drying, pretreated kaolin was obtained. (2) With the ratio of pretreated kaolin, carboxymethyl cellulose, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid and water being 1g:1g:1g:180mL, the pretreated kaolin, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose in step (1) were added to water and heated at 110°C for 5h under nitrogen protection to obtain the filler.

[0030] Preparation Example 3 A filler, the preparation process is as follows: (1) Chitosan, kaolin and acetic acid aqueous solution were added in a ratio of 1g:3g:3mL. Chitosan was added to an acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5%, and then kaolin was added. The mixture was stirred at 360rpm / min for 40min, and then ball-milled continuously at 420rpm / min for 12h. After drying, pretreated kaolin was obtained. (2) With the ratio of pretreated kaolin, carboxymethyl cellulose, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid and water being 1g:5g:5g:220mL, the pretreated kaolin, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose from step (1) were added to water and heated at 120°C for 3 hours under nitrogen protection to obtain the filler.

[0031] Preparation Example 4 A modified polypropylene hollow fiber is prepared as follows: Polypropylene hollow fiber and tetraethyl orthosilicate were added to anhydrous ethanol (V / V, 1:14) at a ratio of 13 g:80 mL. KH570 and dodecyl betaine were then added, with each containing 1.5% KH570 and dodecyl betaine in anhydrous ethanol. The reaction was carried out at 45°C for 7 h, followed by aging at room temperature for 12 h to obtain the modified polypropylene hollow fiber. SEM images of the modified polypropylene hollow fiber are shown below. Figure 2 .

[0032] Preparation Example 5 A modified polypropylene hollow fiber is prepared as follows: With a polypropylene hollow fiber to tetraethyl orthosilicate ratio of 13g:70mL, the polypropylene hollow fiber was added to anhydrous ethanol (V / V, 1:12.5) containing tetraethyl orthosilicate, and then KH570 and dodecyl betaine were added, wherein the mass concentration of KH570 and dodecyl betaine in anhydrous ethanol was 1% each. The reaction was carried out at 40℃ for 8h, and after the reaction was completed, the mixture was aged at room temperature for 10h to obtain the modified polypropylene hollow fiber.

[0033] Preparation Example 6 A modified polypropylene hollow fiber is prepared as follows: With a polypropylene hollow fiber to tetraethyl orthosilicate ratio of 13g:90mL, the polypropylene hollow fiber was added to anhydrous ethanol (V / V, 1:15) containing tetraethyl orthosilicate, and then KH570 and dodecyl betaine were added, wherein the mass concentration of KH570 and dodecyl betaine in anhydrous ethanol was 2% each. The reaction was carried out at 50℃ for 5h, and after the reaction was completed, the mixture was aged at room temperature for 15h to obtain the modified polypropylene hollow fiber. Example

[0034] A high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 93 parts of water-based acrylic emulsion, 231 parts of filler from Preparation Example 1, 126 parts of flame retardant, 7 parts of modified polypropylene hollow fiber from Preparation Example 4, 2 parts of leveling agent, 2.5 parts of dispersant, 0.4 parts of pH adjuster, 0.3 parts of defoamer, 0.2 parts of wetting agent, 1 part of water-based color paste, and 96 parts of water.

[0035] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating includes the following steps: According to the stated weight proportions, add the leveling agent, dispersant, pH adjuster, defoamer, and wetting agent to the water and disperse at 300 rpm / min for 8 min; then add the filler, modified polypropylene hollow fiber, and flame retardant, and disperse at 1400 rpm / min for 28 min, then add the water-based color paste and continue dispersing for 8 min; finally add the water-based acrylic emulsion and disperse at 700 rpm / min for 28 min. Example

[0036] A high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of water-based acrylic emulsion, 220 parts of filler from Preparation Example 2, 120 parts of flame retardant, 5 parts of modified polypropylene hollow fiber from Preparation Example 5, 1 part of leveling agent, 2 parts of dispersant, 0.3 parts of pH adjuster, 0.1 parts of defoamer, 0.1 parts of wetting agent, 0.5 parts of water-based color paste, and 90 parts of water.

[0037] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating includes the following steps: According to the stated weight proportions, add the leveling agent, dispersant, pH adjuster, defoamer, and wetting agent to the water and disperse at 300 rpm / min for 5 min; then add the filler, modified polypropylene hollow fiber, and flame retardant, and disperse at 1300 rpm / min for 30 min, then add the water-based color paste and continue dispersing for 10 min; finally add the water-based acrylic emulsion and disperse at 600 rpm / min for 30 min. Example

[0038] A high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of water-based acrylic emulsion, 240 parts of filler from Preparation Example 3, 130 parts of flame retardant, 10 parts of modified polypropylene hollow fiber from Preparation Example 6, 3 parts of leveling agent, 3 parts of dispersant, 0.5 parts of pH adjuster, 0.5 parts of defoamer, 0.5 parts of wetting agent, 1.5 parts of water-based color paste, and 100 parts of water.

[0039] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating includes the following steps: According to the stated weight proportions, add the leveling agent, dispersant, pH adjuster, defoamer, and wetting agent to the water and disperse at 300 rpm / min for 10 min; then add the filler, modified polypropylene hollow fiber, and flame retardant, and disperse at 1500 rpm / min for 25 min, then add the water-based color paste and continue dispersing for 5 min; finally add the water-based acrylic emulsion and disperse at 800 rpm / min for 20 min.

[0040] Comparative Example 1 Based on Example 1, kaolin was used instead of the filler in Preparation Example 1 to form Comparative Example 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 2 Based on Example 1, pretreated kaolin was used instead of the filler in Preparation Example 1 to form Comparative Example 2.

[0042] Comparative Example 3 Based on Example 1, polypropylene hollow fibers were used instead of the modified polypropylene hollow fibers in Preparation Example 4 to form Comparative Example 3.

[0043] Experimental Example The performance of the coatings prepared in the examples and comparative examples was tested, as follows: Construction performance, surface drying time, and storage stability: Tests were conducted in accordance with JG / T 24-2018, and the results are shown in Table 1. Adhesion: Tested according to GB / T 9286-2021, and the results are shown in Table 1; Flexibility: Tested according to GB / T 1766-2022, the results are shown in Table 1; Limiting oxygen index: Tested according to GB / T 2406.1-2008, the results are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1 Detection indicators / samples Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Constructability Smooth spraying Smooth spraying Smooth spraying Spraying is not smooth, with severe gun clogging. Spraying is not smooth, and the spray gun is clogged. Spraying is not smooth, and the spray gun is clogged. Drying time (h) 2.6 2.7 2.6 4.1 3.5 3.0 Storage stability (15 days) Unlayered, no clumps Unlayered, no clumps Unlayered, no clumps There are layers and clusters. Unlayered, with clumps Unlayered, no clumps Adhesion (Grade) 0 0 0 2 1 1 Flexibility (0℃, 4mm) No cracking No cracking No cracking No cracking No cracking There are cracks Limiting oxygen index (%) 30.8 30.6 30.5 21.4 24.7 28.3 As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, which uses kaolin instead of filler, Comparative Example 2, which uses pretreated kaolin instead of seasoning, and Comparative Example 3, which uses polypropylene hollow fiber instead of modified polypropylene hollow fiber, the coating prepared in Example 1 has high adhesion, strong flame retardancy, excellent workability and storage stability, and good decorative effect.

[0045] The specific analysis is as follows: The filler of this invention is made by first forming a gel from chitosan in an aqueous acetic acid solution, followed by ball milling with kaolin to disperse the lamellar structure of the kaolin, increasing its specific surface area and surface active sites. Chitosan molecules carry a positive charge and can be encapsulated or intercalated into the negatively charged kaolin through electrostatic adsorption. The amino groups in aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid can react with the carboxyl groups in chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose to form a stable network structure on the kaolin surface. The hydrophilic functional groups on the kaolin surface, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, can improve the compatibility of the filler in water-based coatings, regulate the drying speed of the coating, facilitate application, and provide steric hindrance, effectively preventing filler sedimentation and agglomeration, improving the storage stability of the coating, and enhancing workability. The numerous polar functional groups on the kaolin surface (such as -COOH, -OH, -NH2) can form hydrogen bonds with the coated substrate, such as the surface of aerogel materials, significantly enhancing the adhesion of the coating to the substrate. Phosphoric acid groups release acidic substances such as phosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid at high temperatures. These acidic products are strong dehydration catalysts, which can promote intramolecular dehydration reactions in polymer materials, generate a dense carbon layer, and improve the flame retardant effect.

[0046] The modified polypropylene hollow fiber of the present invention is a polypropylene fiber modified with silica and silane coupling agent. It has good dispersibility and can form a "network support structure" in the coating, effectively preventing coating cracking, improving interfacial compatibility with the aerogel substrate surface, and improving the conduction and dispersion of flame retardants at high temperatures, thereby improving flame retardant performance.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. The basic principles and main features of the present invention have been described above with specific implementation schemes. Based on the present invention, some modifications or substitutions can be made, but these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 80-100 parts of water-based acrylic emulsion, 220-240 parts of filler, 120-130 parts of flame retardant, 5-10 parts of modified polypropylene hollow fiber, 1-3 parts of leveling agent, 2-3 parts of dispersant, 0.3-0.5 parts of pH adjuster, 0.1-0.5 parts of defoamer, 0.1-0.5 parts of wetting agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of water-based color paste, and 90-100 parts of water; The preparation process of the modified polypropylene hollow fiber is as follows: Polypropylene hollow fibers were added to anhydrous ethanol containing tetraethyl orthosilicate, and then KH570 and dodecyl betaine were added. The mixture was heated to react, and after the reaction was completed, it was aged to obtain the modified polypropylene hollow fibers.

2. The high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of polypropylene hollow fiber to tetraethyl orthosilicate is 13g:(70-90)mL; the mass concentration of KH570 in anhydrous ethanol is 1-2%; the mass concentration of dodecyl betaine in anhydrous ethanol is 1-2%; and the volume ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to anhydrous ethanol is 1:12.5-15.

3. The high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating reaction is carried out at a temperature of 40-50℃ for 5-8 hours; the aging process takes 10-15 hours.

4. The high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process of the filler is as follows: (1) Take chitosan and add it to an aqueous solution of acetic acid, then add kaolin, mix evenly, ball mill, and dry to obtain pretreated kaolin; (2) Take the kaolin, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose pretreated in step (1) and add them to water. Heat them under inert gas protection to obtain the filler.

5. The high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (1), the ratio of chitosan, kaolin, and acetic acid aqueous solution is 1g:(1-3)g:(1-3)mL; the mass concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 3-5%; the ball milling time is 12-14h and the speed is 350-420rpm / min.

6. The high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of the pretreated kaolin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid is 1:(1-5):(1-5); the heating temperature is 110-120℃ and the time is 3-5h.

7. The high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame retardant is composed of aluminum hydroxide and melamine in a mass ratio of 1:(1.5-1.7); the leveling agent is Rohm and Haas RM-2020; the dispersant is polycarboxylate dispersant 5040; and the pH adjuster is AMP-95.

8. The high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer; the wetting agent is wetting agent X-405; and the water-based color paste is a water-based resin-free color paste.

9. A method for preparing a high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Add the leveling agent, dispersant, pH adjuster, defoamer, and wetting agent to water according to the stated weight proportions, mix evenly to form a premix; add filler, modified polypropylene hollow fiber, flame retardant, and water-based color paste to the premix, mix evenly, and then add water-based acrylic emulsion and mix evenly.

10. The application of a high-solids flame-retardant decorative coating according to any one of claims 1-8 in the preparation of aerogel thermal insulation materials.

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