Intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation of complex environment and long-growth tunnel

Abstract

This application discloses an intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environments of long tunnels, comprising: an environmental monitoring system for acquiring environmental pollution status of the tunnel and its working face; an intelligent ventilation system; and a control system that receives environmental pollution information from the environmental monitoring system and generates control signals based on this information. This application, through the environmental monitoring system and the control system, automatically adjusts the power of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan to achieve timely and continuous adjustment of airflow, thereby improving ventilation efficiency; it monitors the construction environment inside the tunnel in real time, and if problems such as excessive harmful gases, insufficient oxygen content, or excessively high temperatures are detected, the intelligent control system will immediately activate an alarm and adjust the power of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan to ensure the safety of the working environment; and by utilizing the tunnel construction variable frequency fan and the control system, it adjusts the fan power according to actual needs, reducing energy consumption and improving the system's energy efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, and in particular to an intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environments and long tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, ventilation is a key factor in ensuring construction safety and efficiency. This is especially true for long tunnels, particularly those traversing complex geological conditions and environmentally sensitive areas, where ventilation is a critical issue. Tunnel construction ventilation must not only address the supply of fresh air needed for personnel to breathe, but also effectively remove harmful gases, dust, and heat generated during construction to maintain a good working environment.

[0003] Tunnel construction ventilation typically employs either forced-in or exhaust ventilation, or a combination of both. Forced-in ventilation uses fans to force fresh air into the tunnel, creating a positive pressure environment that helps expel harmful gases and dust. Exhaust ventilation, on the other hand, uses fans to extract stale air from the tunnel exit or specific locations, creating a negative pressure environment to reduce the accumulation of harmful substances. However, in actual construction, due to the variability in tunnel length, cross-section, geological conditions, construction techniques, and environmental factors, ventilation effectiveness often falls short of expectations.

[0004] As tunnel length increases, ventilation becomes more challenging. The main challenges in ventilation during long-distance tunnel construction include: high airflow resistance leading to low ventilation efficiency; accumulation of harmful gases and dust deep within the tunnel, making effective removal difficult; high energy consumption and operating costs of ventilation equipment; and significant changes in environmental parameters during construction, adversely affecting ventilation performance.

[0005] Long-distance single-ended construction is a common form of tunnel construction, and its ventilation issues are particularly complex. Single-ended construction means that one end of the tunnel is closed, limiting airflow paths, and ventilation effectiveness relies heavily on efficient ventilation equipment and control strategies. Under single-ended construction conditions, harmful gases accumulate more rapidly, posing a serious threat to the health of construction workers. At the same time, the layout and operation of ventilation equipment are also greatly restricted due to space constraints.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environments and long tunnels, which can monitor environmental parameters in real time, intelligently adjust the power of ventilation equipment, and efficiently remove harmful gases and dust. This has become an important technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides an intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environments and long tunnels, which aims to solve the problem that existing tunnel ventilation equipment is difficult to adapt to large changes in environmental parameters during tunnel construction.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a long-distance single-head ventilation intelligent control system for long tunnels in complex environments, comprising: an environmental monitoring system, including particulate matter sensors, gas sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors, used to acquire environmental pollution status of the tunnel and the tunnel face; a ventilation intelligent system, including standardized ventilation ducts, tunnel construction variable frequency fans, and electromagnetic speed-regulating pumps; and a control system, which receives environmental pollution status information transmitted from the environmental monitoring system and generates control signals based on the environmental pollution status information to control the ventilation intelligent system.

[0009] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes: an ice trough, wherein an ice trough is provided at the bottom of the standard ventilation duct; and a placement rack, wherein the placement rack is detachably disposed on the standard ventilation duct, the placement rack blocks the ice trough, and ice cubes are placed on the placement rack at intervals.

[0010] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes: a receiving compartment, which is disposed on a placement rack; a plurality of bottom support frames, which are spaced apart on the receiving compartment; a first V-shaped surface, which is disposed on the bottom support frames; a top limiting frame, which is movably disposed on the bottom support frames; and a second V-shaped surface, which is disposed on the top limiting frame.

[0011] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes: a guide column, which is detachably mounted on a bottom support frame; a guide sleeve, which is mounted on a top limiting frame and is adapted to the guide column; and a limiting block, which is mounted on the top of the guide column.

[0012] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes an inclined surface, wherein the top of the top limiting frame is provided with an inclined surface.

[0013] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes: multiple connecting through holes, with multiple connecting through holes spaced apart on the bottom support frame, the connecting through holes communicating with the receiving chamber; and through sleeves, with multiple through sleeves spaced apart on the receiving chamber.

[0014] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes: a control valve body connected to the bottom of the mounting bracket; a sealing element movably disposed within the control valve body; an elastic element disposed between the sealing element and the control valve body; and a discharge port disposed on the control valve body.

[0015] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes: an adapter block, which is disposed on a shelf and is adapted to the ice cube tray.

[0016] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes a locking screw, through which the mounting bracket is connected to the standard ventilation duct.

[0017] In some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system further includes: a water pipe, which is installed on a standard ventilation duct; a water mist nozzle, which is installed on the water pipe; and an electromagnetic speed-regulating pump, which is connected to the water pipe.

[0018] This application proposes a long-distance, single-head ventilation intelligent control system for complex environments in long tunnels. The system includes: an environmental monitoring system (comprising particulate matter, gas, temperature, and humidity sensors) to acquire environmental pollution information about the tunnel and its working face; an intelligent ventilation system (comprising standardized ventilation ducts, tunnel construction variable frequency fans, and electromagnetic speed-regulating pumps); and a control system that receives environmental pollution information from the environmental monitoring system and generates control signals to control the intelligent ventilation system. This application automatically adjusts the power of the tunnel construction variable frequency fans through the environmental monitoring and control systems, achieving timely and continuous adjustment of airflow and improving ventilation efficiency. It also monitors the construction environment within the tunnel in real time; if excessive harmful gases, insufficient oxygen content, or excessively high temperatures are detected, the intelligent control system immediately activates an alarm and adjusts the power of the tunnel construction variable frequency fans to ensure a safe working environment. Furthermore, by utilizing the tunnel construction variable frequency fans and control system, the fan power is adjusted according to actual needs, reducing energy consumption and improving the system's energy efficiency. The system design also considers ease of maintenance, with replaceable components, simplifying daily inspection and maintenance and reducing operating costs. In summary, the intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environment long tunnels provided in this application offers a novel solution for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environments, thanks to its comprehensive functions, superior performance, and multiple advantages. This intelligent control system not only improves construction efficiency and quality but also ensures a safe and comfortable working environment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of a long-distance, single-ended ventilation intelligent control system for complex environments in a long tunnel, according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of a long-distance single-head ventilation intelligent control system for complex environment long tunnels in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a standard ventilation duct end in one embodiment of this application; Figure 4This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a standard ventilation duct end in one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a front view of a standard ventilation duct end in one embodiment of this application; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of a section in the middle C; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Sectional view at point BB; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of part D in the middle.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Tunnel face; 2. Environmental monitoring system; 3. Control system; 4. Intelligent ventilation system; 5. Alarm and emergency system; 6. Particulate matter sensor 301; Gas sensor 302; Temperature sensor 303; Humidity sensor 304; Standard ventilation duct 501; Tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502; Electromagnetic speed regulating pump 503; Water pipe 504; Water mist nozzle 505; Ice trough 506; Top limiting frame 507; End plate 508; Receiving chamber 509; Locking screw 510; Placement rack 511; Guide column 512; Enlarged head 513; Adapter block 514; First V-shaped surface 515; Connecting through hole 516; Bottom support frame 517; Guide sleeve 519; Second V-shaped surface 520; Limiting block 521; Through sleeve 522; Elastic element 523; Control valve body 524; Tightening buckle 525; Discharge hole 526; Sealing element 527. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] See Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this application discloses a long-distance single-head ventilation intelligent control system 4 for a long tunnel 1 in a complex environment, including: an environmental monitoring system 3, which includes a particulate matter sensor 301, a gas sensor 302, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor. The environmental monitoring system 3 is used to acquire the environmental pollution status of the tunnel 1 and the working face 2; the monitoring indicators include, but are not limited to, air quality (specifically, the concentration of harmful gases such as CO, CO2, PM1, PM5, and PM10), temperature, humidity, and smoke concentration. The collected data is converted into digital signals by a data acquisition unit and transmitted to the control system 4 in real time. After data acquisition, simple preprocessing is required. For the same sensor, the average of five consecutive detection data is taken to represent these five detection data to eliminate instantaneous interference.

[0023] The intelligent ventilation system 5 includes a standard ventilation duct 501, a tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502, and an electromagnetic speed-regulating pump 503. Tunnel construction variable frequency fans 502 are deployed on both sides of tunnel 1. One side is set to forward rotation blowing mode, while the other side is set to reverse rotation exhaust mode. This design ensures effective circulation of air inside tunnel 1 with outside air, greatly improving ventilation efficiency.

[0024] Control system 4 receives environmental pollution status information from environmental monitoring system 3 and generates control signals based on this information to control intelligent ventilation system 5. Control system 4 controls intelligent ventilation system 5 based on environmental pollution status information, reducing energy consumption of intelligent ventilation system 5 while ensuring operational safety.

[0025] In this embodiment, the control system 4 is a high-speed processor such as a CPU. The control system 4 monitors the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations within tunnel 1 in real time. When the carbon monoxide concentration exceeds the safety threshold of 24 ppm, the control system 4 gradually increases the operating frequency of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 to increase the airflow and dilute the harmful gases. If the concentration continues to rise to the warning threshold of 36 ppm, the system will force the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 to switch to high-speed mode to deliver fresh air at maximum capacity. The control logic for carbon dioxide concentration is similar; when the concentration exceeds 0.5%, the control system 4 will also increase the frequency of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 to increase the fresh air supply. Oxygen concentration control is more stringent. Once the measured value is below 19.5%, the control system 4 will immediately force the fan to switch to full-speed operation to ensure sufficient oxygen supply for workers. When multiple gas indicators simultaneously exceed the standard for more than five minutes, the system will maintain the fan at the current high-frequency state and will not actively reduce the speed until all indicators return to the safe range. When the wind speed at the tunnel face 2 falls below the minimum requirement of 0.15 m / s, the control system 4 will increase the frequency of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 to increase the air supply volume and ensure that fresh air reaches the working face. As the tunnel 1 excavation distance increases, the friction resistance along the duct gradually increases. For every 100 meters increase in excavation distance, the control system 4 will automatically increase the base frequency of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 by 5% to 8% to compensate for the air volume loss caused by the duct resistance. When a single tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 is already operating at its highest frequency of 50 Hz, but the air volume at the tunnel face 2 is still insufficient, the control system 4 will automatically start a second tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502, forming a series operation mode through the interface reserved in the standard ventilation duct 501. The two tunnel construction variable frequency fans 502 relay the air supply to meet the long-distance ventilation needs. The control system 4 can also identify different construction conditions and automatically switch operating modes. Within thirty minutes after blasting operations, the control system 4 will force the fan into a high-speed smoke exhaust mode to quickly remove harmful gases and dust generated by the blasting. During nighttime or rest periods when there is no work, the control system 4 will automatically reduce the fan to a low-speed maintenance mode to achieve energy-saving operation while ensuring basic ventilation.

[0026] Preferably, the intelligent control system 4 also includes an alarm and emergency system 6. When the environmental monitoring system 3 detects that the concentration of harmful gases in tunnel 1 exceeds the standard or the oxygen content is insufficient, the alarm and emergency system 6 will immediately activate the alarm mechanism and automatically adjust the fan power to quickly switch to the enhanced ventilation mode to dilute the harmful gases as quickly as possible, so as to ensure the safety of the workers and the overall safety of the construction environment.

[0027] Specifically, this application utilizes an environmental monitoring system 3 and a control system 4 to automatically adjust the power of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502, achieving timely and continuous adjustment of airflow and improving ventilation efficiency. It also monitors the construction environment within tunnel 1 in real time; if problems such as excessive harmful gases, insufficient oxygen content, or excessively high temperatures are detected, the intelligent control system 4 immediately activates an alarm and adjusts the power of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 to ensure a safe working environment. By utilizing the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 and the control system 4, the fan power is adjusted according to actual needs, reducing energy consumption and improving the system's energy efficiency. The system design considers ease of maintenance; all components are replaceable, making daily inspection and maintenance simpler and reducing operating costs. In summary, this application provides a new solution for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environments, particularly in long tunnels 1, with its comprehensive functions, superior performance, and multiple advantages. This intelligent control system 4 not only improves construction efficiency and quality but also ensures a safe and comfortable working environment.

[0028] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes: an ice trough 506, which is located at the bottom of the standard ventilation duct 501; the ice trough 506 is positioned near the air outlet of the standard ventilation duct 501, allowing ice to serve as an alternative when the construction budget is limited and an air conditioning compressor cannot be introduced to generate cold air, effectively reducing the construction temperature of tunnel 1; and a placement rack 511, which is detachably mounted on the standard ventilation duct 501, blocking the ice trough 506, with ice blocks placed at intervals on the rack. The airflow inside the standard ventilation duct 501 exchanges heat fully with the ice blocks, thereby reducing the outlet temperature of the standard ventilation duct 501.

[0029] In this embodiment, multiple ice cube trays 506 are provided, and the multiple ice cube trays 506 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the standard ventilation duct 501. The ice cubes on the multiple placement racks 511 effectively reduce the outlet air temperature of the standard ventilation duct 501. The specific number of ice cubes can be selected in real time according to needs.

[0030] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes: a receiving chamber 509, which is disposed on the placement rack 511; the receiving chamber 509 is used to provide an installation platform for the installation of multiple bottom support frames 517, and the receiving chamber 509 is also provided with a storage space for storing the ice water generated after the ice blocks melt, so as to prevent the ice water from overflowing into the working face 2 construction area and affecting the construction progress. Multiple bottom support frames 517 are disposed at intervals on the receiving chamber 509; the multiple bottom support frames 517 are integrally formed with the receiving chamber 509, a first V-shaped surface 515 is disposed on the bottom support frame 517; a top limiting frame 507 is movably disposed on the bottom support frame 517; and a second V-shaped surface 520 is disposed on the top limiting frame 507. Ice blocks are placed on multiple spaced-apart bottom support frames 517. Airflow in the standard ventilation duct 501 passes between two ice blocks, effectively exchanging heat with the airflow and reducing the outlet temperature of the standard ventilation duct 501. The weight of the top limiting frame 507 creates an adaptive clamping effect on the ice blocks on the bottom support frames 517. After the ice blocks melt and shrink, the top limiting frame 507 automatically presses down, continuously clamping the ice blocks and preventing them from being significantly disturbed by the airflow.

[0031] Understandably, the ice on the bottom support frame 517 needs to be replaced periodically. The design of the first V-shaped surface 515 and the second V-shaped surface 520 helps the bottom support frame 517 and the top limiting frame 507 to center and clamp the ice, preventing the ice from shifting left and right. The first V-shaped surface 515 and the second V-shaped surface 520 have a certain self-cleaning ability, allowing the ice-water mixture to flow away along the slope and preventing it from freezing at the contact point.

[0032] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes: a guide column 512, detachably mounted on a bottom support frame 517; an enlarged head 513 is provided at the bottom of the guide column 512, the enlarged head 513 is connected to the bottom support frame 517 by fasteners; a guide sleeve 519, mounted on a top limiting frame 507, the guide sleeve 519 is adapted to the guide column 512; the guide sleeve 519 is connected to the top limiting frame 507 by fasteners, the top limiting frame 507 is provided with a through hole, and the guide sleeve 519 is also provided with a through hole adapted to the guide column 512, the cooperation between the guide column 512 and the guide sleeve 519 improves the stability of the top limiting frame 507 during the downward pressing process; and a limiting block 521, provided at the top of the guide column 512. The limiting block 521 is screwed to the top of the guide column 512, and the limiting block 521 is used to limit the stroke of the top limiting frame 507.

[0033] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the guide sleeve 519 is subjected to hard anodizing treatment. Then, a PTFE film / coating is sprayed or pasted onto the inner wall. PTFE is one of the materials with the lowest coefficient of friction among all plastics and is hydrophobic, so water droplets will roll off it, making it less likely to form ice bridges between the guide sleeve 519 and the guide post 512.

[0034] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the ventilation intelligent system 5 further includes an inclined surface, with an inclined surface provided on the top of the top limiting frame 507; the inclined surface faces the airflow, and under the action of the airflow, the top limiting frame 507 will be subjected to downward pressure, and the greater the airflow, the greater the pressure, thereby assisting in compressing the ice block and improving the stability of the ice block in the airflow.

[0035] In this embodiment, rubber layers are bonded to both the first V-shaped surface 515 and the second V-shaped surface 520, allowing the first V-shaped surface 515 and the second V-shaped surface 520 to deform to fit the shape of the ice block, increasing the contact area between the first V-shaped surface 515 and the second V-shaped surface 520 and the ice block. Since the high-speed airflow in the standard ventilation pipe 501 is not stable, it will also cause slight vibration of the top limiting frame 507 during the application of pressure. The slight vibration is sufficient to break the newly formed thin ice crystals and prevent ice bridges from forming between the guide sleeve 519 and the guide post 512.

[0036] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes: multiple connecting through holes 516, with multiple connecting through holes 516 spaced apart on the bottom support frame 517, the connecting through holes 516 connecting to the receiving chamber 509; after the ice melts, the ice water enters the receiving chamber 509 through the connecting through holes 516 to prevent ice water from overflowing and polluting the environment, and through sleeves 522, with multiple through sleeves 522 spaced apart on the receiving chamber 509. End plates 508 are connected to both ends of the through sleeves 522, and the end plates 508 are connected to the receiving chamber 509 by fasteners. Airflow can pass through the through sleeves 522, fully exchanging heat with the ice water in the receiving chamber 509, achieving the dual purpose of preventing ice water overflow and fully utilizing the ice water to cool the airflow, thus improving the cooling effect of the ice.

[0037] See Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes: a control valve body 524, the bottom of which is connected to the bottom of the placement frame 511; the bottom of the placement frame 511 has a bottom hole, the control valve body 524 is screwed onto the bottom hole, the control valve body 524 has a first flow channel and a second flow channel, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are interconnected, the first flow channel is connected to the bottom hole; a sealing member 527, which is movably disposed within the control valve body 524; the sealing member 527 is movably disposed in the second flow channel; an elastic member 523, which is disposed between the sealing member 527 and the control valve body 524; the elastic member 523 is specifically a spring, one end of which is welded to the control valve body 524, and the other end of which abuts against the sealing member 527; and a discharge hole 526, which is disposed on the control valve body 524. The discharge hole 526 is located in the second flow channel. After the sealing member 527 passes through the discharge hole 526, the ice water flows out from the discharge hole 526, which can collect water from the pipe. When there is too much ice water, the ice water flows out from the discharge hole 526 to prevent the ice water from being unable to flow in through the connecting through hole 516.

[0038] In this embodiment, a connecting base plate is screwed to the bottom of the control valve body 524, and a screw fastener 525 is connected to the connecting base plate. One end of the elastic element 523 is welded to the connecting base plate.

[0039] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes an adapter block 514, which is disposed on the placement rack 511 and adapts to the ice cube tray 506. The adapter block 514 facilitates the rapid installation of the placement rack 511.

[0040] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes a locking screw 510, through which the placement rack 511 is connected to the standard ventilation duct 501. When changing ice, the placement rack 511 can be easily removed. A sealing ring is also provided between the placement rack 511 and the standard ventilation duct 501, and the sealing ring is bonded to the placement rack 511 and installed onto the standard ventilation duct 501 along with the placement rack 511.

[0041] See Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the intelligent ventilation system 5 further includes: a water pipe 504, which is installed on the standard ventilation duct 501; a water mist nozzle 505, which is installed on the water pipe 504; the water mist nozzle 505 is located near the air outlet of the standard ventilation duct 501; and an electromagnetic speed-regulating pump 503, which is connected to the water pipe 504. The electromagnetic speed-regulating pump 503 drives water to spray out from the water mist nozzle 505 to achieve cooling or dust suppression.

[0042] Specifically, when the PM10 concentration exceeds 4 mg / m³, the control system 4 increases the power of the electromagnetic speed-regulating pump 503 to increase the spray volume and settle large dust particles. Similarly, when the PM5 concentration exceeds 3 mg / m³, the spray volume is increased. For fine particulate matter like PM1, the spray volume is also increased when the concentration exceeds 2 mg / m³. When the dust concentration is severely exceeded, reaching 6 mg / m³ or higher, the control system 4 activates a collaborative dust removal mode: the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 speeds up to enhance ventilation and dust removal capabilities, while the electromagnetic speed-regulating pump 503 operates at maximum spray volume, rapidly reducing the dust concentration through the dual effects of water mist settling and ventilation dilution. Once the dust concentration drops below the safe range of 2 mg / m³, the control system 4 gradually reduces the spray volume of the electromagnetic speed-regulating pump 503 until it stops completely, avoiding excessive spraying that could cause slippery road surfaces.

[0043] When the temperature at the tunnel face 2 exceeds 28℃, the control system 4 first activates the spray cooling system. The electromagnetic speed-regulating pump 503 controls the water mist nozzles 505 to spray a fine mist, utilizing water evaporation to absorb heat and lower the local temperature. If the temperature continues to rise above 32℃, spraying alone is insufficient for effective cooling. The control system 4 issues an alarm, notifying staff to place ice blocks, using the melting ice to absorb heat and further reduce the supply air temperature. The return air temperature reflects the heat accumulation within tunnel 1. When the return air temperature exceeds 30℃, it indicates that heat cannot be dissipated in time. The control system 4 increases the frequency of the variable frequency fan, increasing the exhaust volume to quickly expel hot air from tunnel 1. The outlet air temperature of the ice trough 506 provides feedback on the effectiveness of physical cooling. When the outlet air temperature at the rear of the ice trough 506 is higher than 26℃, the control system 4 prompts for additional ice. When the outlet air temperature is lower than 20℃, it indicates sufficient cooling capacity, and the control system 4 appropriately reduces the fan speed, achieving energy-saving operation while maintaining cooling effectiveness.

[0044] When the relative humidity is below 40%, the air is too dry and easily causes dust to fly. Control system 4 will turn on or increase the spray volume to increase the air humidity. When the relative humidity exceeds 70%, the air is too humid, and the system will reduce or turn off the spray to avoid excessive humidity affecting human comfort and equipment operation. If the relative humidity exceeds 80% and causes the road surface to be slippery, control system 4 will forcibly turn off the spray and start the high-speed dehumidification mode of the tunnel construction variable frequency fan 502 to expel the humid air from tunnel 1 by increasing the ventilation volume and reducing the ambient humidity as quickly as possible. During continuous spray operation, when the humidity reaches the ideal range of 60%, the system will maintain the current spray volume or make minor adjustments to stabilize the humidity within a comfortable range for humans.

[0045] The above description is only a part or preferred embodiment of this application. Neither the text nor the drawings should limit the scope of protection of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings under the overall concept of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A long-distance single-head ventilation intelligent control system for complex environment long tunnels, characterized in that: include: An environmental monitoring system (3) is provided, comprising a particulate matter sensor (301), a gas sensor (302), a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor. The environmental monitoring system (3) is used to obtain the environmental pollution status of the tunnel (1) and the working face (2). The ventilation intelligent system (5) includes a standard ventilation duct (501) and a tunnel construction variable frequency fan (502). The control system (4) receives environmental pollution status information transmitted from the environmental monitoring system (3) and generates control signals based on the environmental pollution status information to control the ventilation intelligent system (5).

2. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-ended ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: Ice trough (506), the ice trough (506) is opened at the bottom of the standard ventilation pipe (501); A placement rack (511) is detachably mounted on the standard ventilation pipe (501). The placement rack (511) blocks the ice block slot (506), and ice blocks are placed at intervals on the placement rack (511).

3. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: The receiving compartment (509) is provided on the placement rack (511); Multiple bottom support frames (517) are provided at intervals on the receiving compartment (509). The first V-shaped surface (515) is provided on the bottom support frame (517); A top limiting frame (507) is movably mounted on the bottom support frame (517). The second V-shaped surface (520) is provided on the top limiting frame (507).

4. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-ended ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: Guide post (512), the guide post (512) is detachably mounted on the bottom support frame (517); Guide sleeve (519), the guide sleeve (519) is provided on the top limiting frame (507), the guide sleeve (519) is adapted to the guide post (512). Limiting block (521), the limiting block (521) is provided on the top of the guide post (512).

5. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: Inclined surface, the top of the top limiting frame (507) is provided with the inclined surface.

6. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: Multiple connecting through holes (516) are provided on the bottom support frame (517) at intervals, and the connecting through holes (516) are connected to the receiving compartment (509). Through sleeve (522), a plurality of through sleeves (522) are provided at intervals on the receiving chamber (509).

7. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: Control valve body (524), the bottom of the placement rack (511) is connected to the control valve body (524); A plug (527) is movably disposed within the control valve body (524). The elastic element (523) is disposed between the sealing element (527) and the control valve body (524). Discharge port (526) is provided on the control valve body (524).

8. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-ended ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: An adapter block (514) is provided on the placement rack (511) and the adapter block (514) is adapted to the ice cube tray (506).

9. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-ended ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: The mounting bracket (511) is connected to the standard ventilation duct (501) by means of the locking screw (510).

10. The intelligent control system for long-distance single-head ventilation in complex environment long tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation system (5) also includes: Water pipe (504), the water pipe (504) is installed on the standard ventilation pipe (501); Water mist nozzle (505), the water mist nozzle (505) is installed on the water pipe (504); An electromagnetic speed-regulating pump (503) is connected to the water pipe (504).

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