An automatic weather station anchoring device and installation method for ice cover environments

Abstract

The application relates to the anchoring technical field of a weather station, in particular to an automatic weather station anchoring device for an ice cover environment and a mounting method. The anchoring device comprises an expansion assembly and a fixing assembly which are sleeved on a rod core assembly; the fixing assembly is sleeved on a support rod at the upper portion of the expansion assembly, the upper end of the support rod is connected with an end cover through a second screw joint, a lifting sleeve is arranged in the expansion assembly, a plurality of sets of pawl assemblies are arranged in the circumferential direction of the expansion assembly, one end of each pawl assembly is hinged to the cylinder of the expansion assembly, the other end of each pawl assembly is hinged to the lifting sleeve, the pull rod of the rod core assembly passes through the expansion assembly, and the upper end of the pull rod is connected with an operating device through a first screw joint.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of weather station anchoring technology, specifically to an automatic weather station anchoring device and installation method for ice cover environments. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic weather stations are crucial for acquiring continuous meteorological data in polar ice cap regions. Ice caps are not static solid bases, but rather a continuously evolving dynamic system. Their surface is composed of ice formed from snow compacted over many years, while the underlying ice undergoes slow plastic flow under gravity, with flow velocities reaching several to hundreds of meters per year. Furthermore, strong winds from the polar climate (such as ice squalls), drastic temperature fluctuations, and the accumulation and melting of snow collectively create extremely harsh environmental loads. Traditional anchoring techniques, such as directly driving metal rods (steel bars, aluminum rods) or ice screws into the ice layer, rely primarily on the instantaneous gripping force and freezing adhesion of the ice. However, this simple passive anchoring method has inherent flaws in the dynamic environment of the ice cap, with the most prominent failure mode being "slippage," which severely restricts the long-term stability and data continuity of scientific observation facilities such as weather stations.

[0003] The "slippage" phenomenon has far-reaching consequences. It doesn't happen instantly, but rather is a long-term, slow destructive process determined by the physical properties of ice. First, because the density of the metal anchor (e.g., steel is about 7.8 g / cm³) is much greater than the density of the surrounding ice (about 0.9 g / cm³), under the combined effects of gravity and the long-term creep of the ice, the denser anchor will slowly "float" upwards relative to the constantly compacting and flowing ice. Second, the continuous accumulation and compaction of snow on the ice sheet surface, forming new ice layers, exerts continuous pressure on the anchoring point below, forcing the ice to undergo plastic adjustment, thus gradually pushing the anchor upwards as a "foreign object." Ultimately, this "relative lifting" effect leads to a continuous decrease in anchoring depth and a sustained decline in anchoring force. Traditional long-pole anchoring attempts to slow down this process by increasing the burial depth, but it cannot eliminate the fundamental effects of density difference and ice rheology. Once the anchoring point is raised above the effective depth, the entire weather station is very prone to tilting, loosening or even collapsing under strong wind loads, resulting in interruption of observation data, damage to equipment, and huge losses of scientific data and economy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an anchoring device for an automatic weather station in an ice-covered environment. The base of the automatic weather station is fixed to the ice cover via the anchoring device, which includes an expansion assembly and a fixing assembly sleeved on a rod core assembly. The fixing assembly is sleeved on a support rod on the upper part of the expansion assembly, and the upper end of the support rod is connected to an end cap via a second threaded connection. A lifting sleeve is provided inside the expansion assembly, and multiple sets of pawl assemblies are arranged circumferentially on the expansion assembly. One end of each pawl assembly is hinged to the cylinder of the expansion assembly, and the other end is hinged to the lifting sleeve. A pull rod of the rod core assembly passes through the expansion assembly, and the upper end of the pull rod is connected to an operating device via a first threaded connection. A locking block is provided on the pull rod that can engage with the lifting sleeve. By operating the operating device, the locking block of the pull rod is driven to engage with the lifting sleeve, thereby driving the pawl assembly to extend laterally.

[0005] Furthermore, an anchoring head is provided at the lower end of the rod core assembly, and a spring is provided between the anchoring head and the lower end of the tensioning assembly; after the locking block of the pull rod engages with the lifting sleeve, the spring is compressed and drives the lifting sleeve to move; the moving tendency of the lifting sleeve drives the pawl assembly to extend laterally and insert into the surrounding ice sheet to overcome the plastic creep stress generated by the ice sheet and prevent the anchoring device from being pushed out by the ice sheet.

[0006] Furthermore, the pawl assembly includes a lower pawl and an upper pawl; the lower hinge end of the lower pawl is hinged to the hinge portion of the cylinder; a connecting groove is provided at the upper end of the lower pawl, and a connecting plate is provided at the lower end of the upper pawl, the connecting plate being hinged in the connecting groove; the upper hinge end of the upper pawl is hinged to the first hinge portion of the lifting sleeve.

[0007] Furthermore, a ratchet tooth is provided on one side of the connecting groove of the lower pawl; both sides of the connecting plate of the upper pawl are provided with avoidance parts to avoid the ratchet tooth; when the spring drives the lifting sleeve to descend, the upper pawl drives the lower pawl to rotate, driving the ratchet tooth to generate a lateral movement tendency and insert into the ice cover.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper end of the fixing component is provided with a snap-fit ​​connector for connection with the installation tool; a spiral portion is provided on the outer side wall of the fixing component; a plurality of axially extending chip removal grooves are provided on the spiral portion; after the fixing component is sleeved on the support rod, the second screwed portion at the upper end of the support rod extends out of the snap-fit ​​connector.

[0009] Furthermore, the end cap includes a flange and a rotating support portion disposed on the flange; a first internal thread is provided in the central hole of the end cap; the end cap is connected to a second threaded portion at the upper end of the support rod via the first internal thread; the end cap abuts against the fixing component to fix the fixing component to the support rod of the expansion assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the operating device includes a rotary support assembly and a lifting assembly disposed within the rotary support assembly; the lifting assembly is slidably disposed within a guide hole of the rotary support assembly; the lower end of the lifting assembly is provided with a second internal thread, the second internal thread being connected to a first threaded portion at the upper end of the pull rod; an operating rod is provided on the upper part of the lifting assembly, and a gripping portion corresponding to the operating rod is provided on the rotary support assembly; a circular groove is provided at the lower end of the rotary support assembly, the circular groove abutting against the rotary support portion of the end cap.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the lifting sleeve is provided with an opening that allows the locking block on the pull rod to pass through; by holding the operating device and pulling the operating rod, the locking block of the pull rod rises and passes through the opening; by rotating the operating device to drive the pull rod to rotate, the locking block engages with the support plate of the lifting sleeve.

[0012] The installation method of the automatic weather station anchoring device for ice sheet environments of the present invention includes the following steps: Step a: Drill a hole at the installation location of the anchoring device and insert the expansion assembly with the rod core assembly into the drilled hole; Step b: Place the fixing component onto the support rod of the expansion component, and use the installation tool to rotate the snap connector of the fixing component so that the fixing component rotates into the drill hole through the spiral part, thereby fixing the fixing component to the drill hole wall; Step c: Install the end cap at the upper end of the support rod, and fix the base of the automatic weather station to the ice cover through the flange of the end cap; Step d: Install the lifting assembly of the operating device onto the upper end of the pull rod through the second internal thread and the first screw connection, so that the circular groove of the rotating support assembly abuts against the rotating support part of the end cover; Step e: Hold the gripping part of the operating device and squeeze the operating lever to compress the spring and make the locking block of the pull rod pass through the opening of the lifting sleeve. Rotate the operating device to make the locking block engage with the support plate of the lifting sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the diameter of the hole drilled at the installation position is greater than the maximum diameter of the expansion assembly in its contracted state, and the diameter of the hole is smaller than the diameter of the fixing assembly.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention, compared with the prior art, are that the continuous preload of the spring, through the lever mechanism of the pawl assembly, actively and continuously resists the plastic creep stress of the ice sheet. After the lever is engaged with the support plate of the lifting sleeve by the operating device, the spring between the anchor head and the lower end of the tensioning assembly has the tendency to release its potential energy, driving the lifting sleeve to move downward. This ultimately causes the ratchet at the end of the lower pawl to laterally penetrate the surrounding ice sheet, thereby providing a lasting and adaptive radial clamping force. This effectively counteracts the "slippage" stress caused by the compaction and slow flow of the ice sheet, which attempts to push the entire anchoring device upward. Secondly, this invention constructs a dual, graded anchoring system that combines the threaded fixing of the fixing component with the radial anchoring of the ratchet of the tightening component. This achieves functional complementarity and optimized load distribution. The fixing component, through its outer spiral part, screws into the borehole ice wall, forming the first layer of basic anchoring. Its main function is to bear the vertical load transmitted from the automatic weather station base and the instantaneous pull-out and shear stress caused by wind loads, providing reliable initial installation strength and anti-overturning foundation. The ratchet of the tightening component, deeply embedded in the ice layer, constitutes the second layer of enhanced anchoring, which can resist the long-term, slow plastic creep stress of the ice sheet and is balanced by the preload of the spring. The two work together to improve the overall reliability and durability of the anchoring system under complex time-varying loads. Finally, the present invention has a dedicated operating device, which makes the entire process of applying and locking the anchoring force safe, controllable and simple. The operating device is connected to the first threaded part at the upper end of the pull rod through the lifting assembly, and forms a stable rotation fulcrum through the circular groove of the rotating support assembly and the rotating support part of the end cover. The installer only needs to hold the grip part, lift and rotate the operating rod to complete the continuous action of compressing the spring, guiding the block through the opening of the lifting sleeve, rotating and finally locking it onto the tray. This reduces the installation difficulty and personnel operation risk, and ensures that the preload of the spring can be accurately and reliably applied and locked. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the automatic weather station anchoring device for ice sheet environments according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic weather station anchoring device for ice cover environments according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the anchoring device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the anchoring device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the end cap installation of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the lifting sleeve of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the process of engaging the rod core assembly and the lifting sleeve according to the present invention, wherein... Figure 8 (A) represents the initial state. Figure 8 (B) shows the engagement state of the locking block of the pole core assembly with the support plate of the lifting sleeve. Figure 8 (C) is the state in which the pawl assembly is open after the spring force is released; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pawl assembly of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the operating device of the present invention; Figure 11 A flowchart of the installation method of the automatic weather station anchoring device of the present invention; In the picture: Anchoring device 100, base 200, automatic weather station 300; Rod core assembly 1, anchor head 11, pull rod 12, locking block 121, first screw connection 122, spring 13; Expansion assembly 2, cylinder 21, pawl assembly 22, lower pawl 221, lower hinge end 2211, ratchet 2212, connecting groove 2213, upper pawl 222, upper hinge end 2221, connecting plate 2222, clearance part 2223, support rod 23, second screw connection part 24; Fixing component 3, spiral part 31, chip removal groove 32, snap connector 33; End cap 4, flange 41, swivel support 42, first internal thread 43; Operating device 5, lifting assembly 51, second internal thread 511, operating rod 512, rotating support assembly 52, circular groove 521, guide hole 522, gripping part 523; Lifting sleeve 6, opening 61, support plate 62, first hinge part 63; Detailed Implementation The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1 The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention provides an automatic weather station anchoring device for ice cover environments. The base 200 of the automatic weather station 300 is fixed to the ice cover by an anchoring device 100. The anchoring device 100 includes an expansion assembly 2 and a fixing assembly 3 sleeved on a rod core assembly 1. The fixing assembly 3 is sleeved on a support rod 23 on the upper part of the expansion assembly 2. The upper end of the support rod 23 is connected to an end cap 4 via a second screw connection 24. A lifting sleeve 6 is provided inside the expansion assembly 2, and multiple... A pawl assembly 22 is provided; one end of the pawl assembly 22 is hinged to the cylinder 21 of the tensioning assembly 2, and the other end of the pawl assembly 22 is hinged to the lifting sleeve 6; the pull rod 12 of the rod core assembly 1 passes through the tensioning assembly 2, and the upper end of the pull rod 12 is connected to the operating device 5 through the first screw connection 122; the pull rod 12 is provided with a locking block 121 that can engage with the lifting sleeve 6; by operating the operating device 5, the locking block 121 of the pull rod 12 is driven to engage with the lifting sleeve 6, thereby driving the pawl assembly 22 to extend laterally.

[0017] An anchor head 11 is provided at the lower end of the rod core assembly 1, and a spring 13 is provided between the anchor head 11 and the lower end of the tensioning assembly 2. After the locking block 121 of the pull rod 12 engages with the lifting sleeve 6, the spring 13 is compressed and drives the lifting sleeve 6 to move. The moving tendency of the lifting sleeve 6 drives the pawl assembly 22 to extend laterally and insert into the surrounding ice cover to overcome the plastic creep stress generated by the ice cover and prevent the anchoring device 100 from being pushed out by the ice cover.

[0018] The spring 13 drives the pawl assembly 22 to insert into the sidewall of the ice sheet to overcome the "slippage" stress caused by the plastic creep of the ice sheet. The stress of the spring 13 must ensure that the spring can provide sufficient and continuous radial locking force while itself working reliably for a long time in the polar low-temperature environment. Under its preload, the spring 13, through the lever mechanism of the lifting sleeve 6 and the pawl assembly 22, converts the axial spring force into the force of the ratchet 2212 radially penetrating and pressing the ice sheet. Throughout the entire life cycle of the device, this radial pressing force must always be greater than the equivalent plastic creep stress of the ice sheet acting on the anchoring device 100 to prevent the anchoring point from floating. The key boundary conditions that the spring 13 needs to meet include: the polar environment operating temperature (e.g., -55°C to -20°C), the long-term compressive strength of the ice sheet, the geometry and lever ratio of the pawl assembly 22, and the installation space and stroke required by the spring.

[0019] The pawl assembly 22 includes a lower pawl 221 and an upper pawl 222; the lower hinge end 2211 of the lower pawl 221 is hinged to the hinge portion of the cylinder 21; the upper end of the lower pawl 221 is provided with a connecting groove 2213, the lower end of the upper pawl 222 is provided with a connecting plate 2222, and the connecting plate 2222 is hinged in the connecting groove 2213; the upper hinge end 2221 of the upper pawl 222 is hinged to the first hinge portion 63 of the lifting sleeve 6.

[0020] A ratchet 2212 is provided on one side of the connecting groove 2213 of the lower pawl 221; both sides of the connecting plate 2222 of the upper pawl 222 are provided with avoidance parts 2223 to avoid the ratchet 2212; when the spring 13 drives the lifting sleeve 6 to descend, the upper pawl 222 drives the lower pawl 221 to rotate, driving the ratchet 2212 to generate a lateral movement tendency and insert into the ice cover.

[0021] The upper end of the fixing component 3 is provided with a snap connector 33 for connection with the installation tool; a spiral part 31 is provided on the outer side wall of the fixing component 3; a plurality of axially extending chip removal grooves 31 are provided on the spiral part 31; after the fixing component 3 is sleeved on the support rod 23, the second screw part 24 at the upper end of the support rod 23 extends out of the snap connector 33.

[0022] The end cap 4 includes a flange 41 and a rotating support portion 42 disposed on the flange 41; a first internal thread 43 is provided in the center hole of the end cap 4; the end cap 4 is connected to the second threaded portion 24 at the upper end of the support rod 23 through the first internal thread 43; the end cap 4 abuts against the fixing component 3 to fix the fixing component 3 on the support rod 23 of the expansion component 2.

[0023] In this invention, the threaded fixing of the fixing component 3 and the pawl component 22 in the expansion component 2 work together to form a multi-level composite anchoring system with complementary functions, realizing optimized load distribution and spatial redistribution of stress. The fixing component 3 is screwed into the borehole ice wall through its outer spiral part 31, forming the first mechanical anchoring. This connection mainly bears and transmits the instantaneous pull-out and shear stress generated by the vertical load and wind load borne by the base 200 of the automatic weather station 300. The expansion component 2, which is deeply embedded in the ice layer, after its multiple circumferentially arranged pawl components 22 are driven laterally by the spring 13, has its ratchet teeth 2212 deeply embedded in the surrounding ice sheet, forming the second radial anchoring. This mechanism can overcome the long-term plastic creep stress distributed along the side wall of the anchor body, which is caused by the ice sheet trying to push the device out, and is ultimately balanced by the preload of the spring 13 through the lever mechanism of the pawl component 22.

[0024] The operating device 5 includes a rotary support assembly 52 and a lifting assembly 51 disposed within the rotary support assembly 52; the lifting assembly 51 is slidably disposed within the guide hole 522 of the rotary support assembly 52; the lower end of the lifting assembly 51 is provided with a second internal thread 511, which is connected to the first threaded portion 122 at the upper end of the pull rod 12; an operating rod 512 is provided on the upper part of the lifting assembly 51, and a gripping portion 523 corresponding to the operating rod 512 is provided on the rotary support assembly 52; a circular groove 521 is provided at the lower end of the rotary support assembly 52, which abuts against the rotary support portion 42 of the end cap 4.

[0025] The lower end of the lifting sleeve 6 is provided with an opening 61 that allows the locking block 121 on the pull rod 12 to pass through; by holding the operating device 5 and pulling the operating rod 512, the locking block 121 of the pull rod 12 rises and passes through the opening 61; by rotating the operating device 5 to drive the pull rod 12 to rotate, the locking block 121 is engaged with the support plate 62 of the lifting sleeve 6.

[0026] Example 2 The installation method of the automatic weather station anchoring device for ice sheet environments of the present invention includes the following steps: Use a drilling tool to drill holes at the preset anchor points. The diameter of the drill hole should be between the maximum outer diameter of the expansion component 2 when it is in the contracted state and the outer diameter of the spiral part 31 of the fixing component 3. This ensures that the expansion component 2 can be inserted smoothly, while providing the necessary ice compression and engagement space for the fixing component 3 to be screwed in. When drilling, the hole wall should be kept as vertical and smooth as possible to reduce local stress concentration in the ice layer.

[0027] Install the tensioning assembly 2 and the rod core assembly 1. Align the tensioning assembly 2, which has been assembled with the rod core assembly 1, and place it into the borehole. When placing it, keep the device vertical and lower the assembly to the bottom of the hole by its own weight and the guidance of the anchor head 11.

[0028] Screw the fixing component in to provide initial anchoring. Fit the fixing component 3 onto the support rod 23 on the upper part of the expansion component 2. Use a special installation tool to clamp the clamping head 33 at the upper end of the fixing component 3 and drive it downward by rotating it at a uniform speed. The spiral part 31 on the outside of the fixing component 3 will gradually cut into the drilled ice wall. The chip removal groove 32 provided on it can discharge the ice chips generated by cutting and prevent blockage. The screwing process continues until the lower end face of the fixing component 3 abuts against the upper end of the cylinder 21 to ensure that it forms a firm initial threaded connection with the ice layer.

[0029] The end cap and the base are installed by screwing the end cap 4 into the second threaded part 24 exposed at the upper end of the support rod 23. After tightening, the flange 41 at the lower end of the end cap 4 is pressed against the base 200 of the automatic weather station 300 by a gasket or directly, so that the top of the anchoring device 100 is rigidly connected to the weather station structure. The rotating support part 42 at the upper end of the end cap 4 provides a rotation fulcrum for the subsequent operating device 5.

[0030] The assembly of the operating device involves connecting the lifting assembly 51 of the operating device 5 to the first threaded part 122 at the top of the pull rod 12 via its second internal thread 511. Then, the circular groove 521 at the lower end of the rotating support assembly 52 is aligned with and abuts against the rotating support part 42 of the end cover 4. The installer holds the grip part 523 on the rotating support assembly 52 and simultaneously squeezes or pulls the operating rod 512 inward. By overcoming the preload force of the spring 13 through the lifting assembly 51, the pull rod 12 is pulled upward, causing the locking block 121 on the pull rod 12 to pass through the opening 61 at the lower end of the lifting sleeve 6 and be lifted above the support plate 62. While maintaining the lifting state, the operating device 5 is rotated at a certain angle to displace the locking block 121 from the support plate 62. Then, the operating rod 512 is slowly released. Under the action of the spring 13's rebound force, the pull rod 12 drives the locking block 121 to move downward and finally engages with the upper end face of the support plate 62 of the lifting sleeve 6, thus preparing the actuation mechanism of the rod core assembly 1 and the tensioning assembly 2.

[0031] The final anchoring is achieved by relying on the adaptive action of the mechanism. After the locking block 121 is engaged with the support plate 62, the rod core assembly 1 and the lifting sleeve 6 are linked. Under the downward force continuously applied by the spring 13, the lifting sleeve 6 tends to move downward. This tendency is transmitted to the upper pawl 222 through the first hinge part 63, driving its movement. The upper pawl 222 is hinged to the lower pawl 221 through the connecting plate 2222, thereby forcing the lower pawl 221 to rotate outward around its lower hinge end 2211. Finally, the ratchet teeth 2212 on the lower pawl 221 are pushed into the ice cap around the borehole, forming a series of radially distributed, deep mechanical engagement points, which can effectively resist the "slipping" stress generated by the plastic creep of the ice cap, thereby completing the deployment of the entire anchoring device 100.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An anchoring device for an automatic weather station in an ice sheet environment, wherein the base (200) of the automatic weather station (300) is fixed to the ice sheet by an anchoring device (100), characterized in that: The anchoring device (100) includes an expansion assembly (2) and a fixing assembly (3) sleeved on the core assembly (1). The fixing component (3) is sleeved on the support rod (23) on the upper part of the expansion component (2), and the upper end of the support rod (23) is connected to the end cap (4) through the second screw connection (24); The tensioning assembly (2) is provided with a lifting sleeve (6), and the tensioning assembly (2) is provided with multiple sets of pawl assemblies (22) in the circumferential direction. One end of the pawl assembly (22) is hinged to the cylinder (21) of the expansion assembly (2), and the other end of the pawl assembly (22) is hinged to the lifting sleeve (6); The pull rod (12) of the rod core assembly (1) passes through the expansion assembly (2), and the upper end of the pull rod (12) is connected to the operating device (5) through the first screw connection (122); The pull rod (12) is provided with a locking block (121) that can engage with the lifting sleeve (6). By operating the operating device (5), the locking block (121) of the pull rod (12) is driven to engage with the lifting sleeve (6) to drive the pawl assembly (22) to extend laterally.

2. The automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anchor head (11) is provided at the lower end of the rod core assembly (1), and a spring (13) is provided between the anchor head (11) and the lower end of the tensioning assembly (2). After the locking block (121) of the pull rod (12) engages with the lifting sleeve (6), the spring (13) is compressed and drives the lifting sleeve (6) to move. The movement tendency of the lifting sleeve (6) drives the pawl assembly (22) to extend laterally and insert into the surrounding ice sheet to overcome the plastic creep stress generated by the ice sheet and prevent the anchoring device (100) from being pushed out by the ice sheet.

3. The automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pawl assembly (22) includes a lower pawl (221) and an upper pawl (222); The lower hinge end (2211) of the lower pawl (221) is hinged to the hinge part of the cylinder (21); The lower pawl (221) has a connecting groove (2213) at its upper end, and the upper pawl (222) has a connecting plate (2222) at its lower end. The connecting plate (2222) is hinged in the connecting groove (2213). The upper hinge end (2221) of the upper pawl (222) is hinged to the first hinge part (63) of the lifting sleeve (6).

4. The automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower pawl (221) has a ratchet tooth (2212) on one side of the connecting groove (2213); The upper pawl (222) has a relief portion (2223) on both sides of the connecting plate (2222) to avoid the ratchet tooth (2212). When the spring (13) drives the lifting sleeve (6) to descend, the upper pawl (222) drives the lower pawl (221) to rotate, which in turn drives the ratchet (2212) to move laterally and insert into the ice cover.

5. The automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the fixing component (3) is provided with a snap connector (33) for connection with the installation tool. The outer side wall of the fixing component (3) is provided with a spiral part (31). The spiral part (31) is provided with a plurality of axially extending chip removal grooves (31). After the fixing component (3) is sleeved on the support rod (23), the second screw part (24) at the upper end of the support rod (23) extends out of the snap connector (33).

6. The automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end cap (4) includes a flange (41) and a rotating support (42) disposed on the flange (41). The end cap (4) has a first internal thread (43) in the center hole. The end cap (4) is connected to the second threaded part (24) at the upper end of the support rod (23) via the first internal thread (43); The end cap (4) abuts against the fixing component (3) to fix the fixing component (3) to the support rod (23) of the expansion component (2).

7. The automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The operating device (5) includes a rotary support assembly (52) and a lifting assembly (51) disposed within the rotary support assembly (52); The lifting assembly (51) is slidably disposed within the guide hole (522) of the rotating support assembly (52); The lower end of the lifting assembly (51) is provided with a second internal thread (511), and the second internal thread (511) is connected to the first threaded part (122) at the upper end of the pull rod (12). The lifting assembly (51) is provided with an operating lever (512) on its upper part, and the rotating support assembly (52) is provided with a gripping part (523) corresponding to the operating lever (512). The lower end of the rotating support assembly (52) is provided with a circular groove (521), which abuts against the rotating support part (42) of the end cap (4).

8. The automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower end of the lifting sleeve (6) is provided with an opening (61) that allows the locking block (121) on the pull rod (12) to pass through. By holding the operating device (5) and pulling the operating lever (512), the locking block (121) of the lever (12) rises and passes through the opening (61). Rotate the operating device (5) to drive the pull rod (12) to rotate, so that the locking block (121) is engaged on the support plate (62) of the lifting sleeve (6).

9. A method for installing an automatic weather station anchoring device for ice sheet environments, comprising installing the automatic weather station anchoring device described in any one of 1-8 on an ice sheet, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step a, drill a hole at the installation position of the anchoring device (100) and insert the expansion assembly (2) with the rod core assembly (1) into the drill hole; Step b, put the fixing component (3) on the support rod (23) of the expansion component (2), use the installation tool to rotate the snap connector (33) of the fixing component (3) so that the fixing component (3) rotates into the drill hole through the screw part (31) to achieve the fixing of the fixing component (3) and the drill hole wall; Step c, install end cap (4) on the upper end of support rod (23), and fix the base (200) of automatic weather station (300) on ice cover through flange (41) of end cap (4); Step d, the lifting assembly (51) of the operating device (5) is installed on the upper end of the pull rod (12) through the second internal thread (511) and the first screw connection (122), so that the circular groove (521) of the rotating support assembly (52) abuts against the rotating support part (42) of the end cover (4). Step e: Hold the grip part (523) of the operating device (5) and squeeze the operating rod (512), compress the spring (13) and make the locking block (121) of the pull rod (12) pass through the opening (61) of the lifting sleeve (6), and rotate the operating device (5) so that the locking block (121) engages with the support plate (62) of the lifting sleeve (6).

10. The installation method of the automatic weather station anchoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The diameter of the hole drilled at the installation position is greater than the maximum diameter of the expansion assembly (2) in its contracted state, and the diameter of the hole is less than the diameter of the fixing assembly (3).

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