Tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device and construction trolley

Abstract

This invention provides a shallow-hole blasting charging device for tunnels, relating to the field of shallow-hole blasting technology. It includes a second telescopic component, a delivery pipe, a pusher column, and a detonator support. The delivery pipe is installed at the telescopic end of the second telescopic component, and a sliding sleeve is mounted on the delivery pipe. The pusher column is slidably installed within the sliding sleeve, and a positioning groove is provided at the end of the pusher column furthest from the second telescopic component. The detonator support includes a central block, a ring plate, and elastic positioning strips. A detonator is installed at one end of the central block. The ring plate is mounted around the outside of the central block. Multiple elastic positioning strips are evenly distributed circumferentially on the ring plate and extend radially outwards. A positioning sleeve is provided on the bottom side of the ring plate, and a positioning block adapted to the positioning groove is provided on the inner side of the positioning sleeve. This achieves precise control of the detonator installation depth, and the radially arranged elastic positioning strips ensure the detonator is centered and fixed, preventing displacement or tilting, and guaranteeing good coupling between the detonator and the explosive. This invention also provides a construction trolley equipped with the shallow-hole blasting charging device for tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shallow hole blasting technology in tunnels, specifically to a shallow hole blasting charging device and construction trolley. Background Technology

[0002] In shallow hole blasting of tunnels, before loading emulsion explosives, the detonator must be fixed inside the blast hole one-third of the way from the hole opening. The detonator is usually fixed with a bracket. Then, the delivery pipe is extended into the bottom of the blast hole, and the emulsion explosive is slowly poured into the hole while the pipe is slowly moved out. This process is the conventional loading method for shallow hole blasting of tunnels.

[0003] However, the current lack of precise positioning methods during detonator installation, relying solely on the experience and feel of construction workers to judge the installation depth, easily leads to deviations in detonator installation. This prevents the detonators from being precisely positioned at one-third of the designed borehole depth, affecting the transmission of the detonation wave and causing problems such as uneven blasting power, poor profile shaping, and under-excavation. Furthermore, the shallow boreholes in tunnels have narrow diameters and limited space, making it difficult for construction workers to accurately place and securely fix the detonators and supports. This can easily result in unstable detonator fixation, displacement, or tilting, leading to poor coupling between the detonator and the emulsion explosive, hindering the transmission of the detonation wave. This not only affects the blasting effect but may also cause safety hazards such as misfires and blind blasts.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a charging device to solve the problems of inaccurate detonator positioning and unstable fixation, so as to ensure blasting effect and construction safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a shallow-hole blasting charging device and construction trolley for tunnels, which solves the problems of inaccurate positioning and unstable fixation of conventional detonator fixing methods.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: The tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device provided by the present invention includes a second telescopic component, a delivery pipe, a pushing column and a detonator support; The delivery pipe is installed at the telescopic end of the second telescopic component and is parallel to it. The delivery pipe is connected to the emulsion explosive filling equipment through a flexible hose, and a sliding sleeve is installed on the delivery pipe. The push column is parallel to the drug delivery tube and is slidably installed in the sliding sleeve. A positioning groove is provided at the end of the push column away from the second telescopic member. The detonator support includes a central block, a ring plate, and elastic positioning strips. A detonator is installed at one end of the central block. The ring plate is installed around the outside of the central block. Multiple elastic positioning strips are evenly distributed on the ring plate around the central block and extend outward radially from the central block. A positioning sleeve is provided on the bottom side of the ring plate. The positioning sleeve can be fitted onto the end of the push column away from the second telescopic member. A positioning block adapted to the positioning groove is provided on the inner side of the positioning sleeve.

[0007] Furthermore, both the drug delivery tube and the push column are provided with scale lines along their respective length directions.

[0008] Furthermore, the distal surface of the elastic positioning strip is provided with anti-slip hook teeth.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic positioning strip includes a fixing part and a reinforcing part connected end to end. The connection point between the fixing part and the reinforcing part is rotatably mounted on the edge of the ring plate, so that the fixing part extends outward and the reinforcing part is biased towards the inside of the ring plate. An extension post is provided at the end of the central block away from the detonator. A limit plate is provided at the far end of the extension post. A reinforcing ring is sleeved on the extension post. An annular hook groove is provided on the periphery of the reinforcing ring. The push column has an axially open movable hole inside, and a lever is slidably and rotatably installed in the movable hole. A cam plate is provided at the end of the lever near the drug delivery tube. When the positioning sleeve is placed on the push column, rotating the lever can cause the convex side of the cam plate to be embedded in the annular hook groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the sidewall of the central block is provided with a plurality of grooves, and each groove is provided with an elastic abutment on the side away from the ring plate, with the far end of the elastic abutment extending out of the groove.

[0011] Furthermore, a radial reinforcing ring is fixed on one axial side of the reinforcing ring, and multiple elastic reinforcing strips are evenly distributed circumferentially on the radial reinforcing ring. The distal ends of the elastic reinforcing strips can extend radially outward toward the radial reinforcing ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the extension column has a variable diameter structure with a decreasing diameter from one end of the central block to the end away from the central block; The radial reinforcing ring has multiple through slots corresponding to each elastic reinforcing strip. The elastic reinforcing strip is rotatably installed in the corresponding through slot. A stop block is installed on one side of the rotatable connection point of the elastic reinforcing strip. The stop block can abut against the surface of the extension column. The radial reinforcing ring is located on the side of the reinforcing ring near the limiting piece. The limiting piece is surrounded by a limiting ring on the side near the center block. The radial reinforcing ring can be switched to a storage position where the elastic reinforcing strip is folded inside the limiting ring, or to a reinforcement position where the elastic reinforcing strip is pushed open by the extension column after leaving the limiting ring.

[0013] Furthermore, a positioning piece is installed at the end of the lever away from the cam plate, and an indicator protrusion is provided at the same side of the positioning piece and the cam plate protrusion. When the positioning piece abuts against the end of the push column, the cam plate can be located below the reinforced ring in the storage position.

[0014] A construction trolley is equipped with a tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device, including a trolley body, on which an aerial work boom and a filling device are respectively installed. A manned platform is installed at the end of the aerial work boom, and two sets of mechanical booms are installed on the manned platform. The tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device and a tunnel shallow hole blasting borehole cleaning device are respectively installed on the two sets of mechanical booms.

[0015] Furthermore, the tunnel shallow hole blasting hole cleaning device includes a first telescopic component, a central column, and a hole cleaning sleeve; The inner wall of the cleaning tube sleeve is provided with spiral ribs extending along its axis. An axially extending slag inlet is provided on one side of the cleaning tube sleeve. The spiral ribs form a discontinuity notch corresponding to the slag inlet. A rotatable opening and closing plate is installed at the slag inlet. A connecting rib group is arranged on the inner side of the opening and closing plate. The opening and closing plate can be switched to the closed position to block the slag inlet, or rotated into the slag inlet position inside the cleaning tube sleeve. A scraper is installed on the outer side of the cleaning tube sleeve next to the slag inlet, and the scraper is inclined towards the slag inlet. One end of the central column is fixed to the telescopic end of the first telescopic component. The cleaning tube sleeve is coaxially and rotatably installed outside the central column. An arc plate is fixed on the lower half of the central column. The arc plate can abut against the connecting rib group passing through and push the opening and closing plate to switch to the closed position.

[0016] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device and construction trolley provided by the present invention are as follows: 1. Before operation, fix the detonator to the end of the center block, put the positioning sleeve of the detonator bracket on the far end of the push column, so that the positioning block is embedded in the positioning groove, and make the detonator side of the detonator bracket face away from the blast hole to complete the docking. Push the delivery tube into the blast hole through the second telescopic component until the far end of the delivery tube reaches the bottom of the blast hole. Check the insertion depth of the delivery tube, and take one-third of the insertion depth of the delivery tube as the required insertion depth of the detonator bracket. Control the push column to place the detonator bracket at the blast hole opening, and then push the detonator bracket to the designated position accurately according to the design depth. During the pushing process, the elastic positioning strip elastically abuts against the borehole wall and bends towards the borehole opening, making it difficult for the detonator support to retract in the opposite direction, thus fixing the detonator in position. The push column is pulled back to disengage it from the positioning sleeve and retract it outside the borehole. Then, the emulsion explosive filling equipment is started, and the emulsion explosive is filled while the delivery tube is slowly retracted to complete the loading operation. This achieves precise control of the detonator installation depth, solves the positioning deviation problem of traditional manual installation based on feel, and ensures that the detonator is in the optimal detonation position. The radial elastic positioning strips achieve centered fixation of the detonator, making it firm and not easy to shift or tilt, ensuring good coupling between the detonator and the explosive, and avoiding the hidden dangers of misfires and blind shots. The integrated design of the delivery tube and the push column is compact and easy to operate, greatly improving the efficiency of the loading operation. 2. After the detonator bracket is connected to the push column, rotate the lever to make the cam plate's convex side engage with the annular hook groove, completing the connection. When the detonator bracket reaches the designed position and the elastic positioning strip abuts against the hole wall, pull the lever backward to drive the reinforcing ring to slide along the extension column, squeezing the reinforcing part. Through leverage, the fixing part is pushed to open further outward, forming an interference fit with the hole wall, completing the reinforcement and locking. After locking, rotate the lever in the opposite direction to make the cam plate disengage from the annular hook groove. Pulling back the push column will separate it from the detonator bracket, realizing the secondary reinforcement and locking of the detonator bracket in the blast hole, greatly improving the fixing strength, and being able to withstand greater explosive injection impact force, eliminating the risk of detonator displacement and slippage. The convenient control of reinforcement operation and bracket separation is achieved through the lever and cam plate, which is simple to operate, suitable for the narrow working space of the blast hole, and improves the work efficiency. 3. The distal end of the elastic reinforcing strip can abut against the borehole wall to form a second radial support, forming a front and rear double support structure with the elastic positioning strip, completing double reinforcement, greatly improving the overturning resistance of the detonator support, avoiding the problem of support tilting and deflection, ensuring that the detonator axis and the borehole axis always coincide, and improving the detonation wave transmission stability and blasting effect. 4. When the radial reinforcing ring slides toward the center block along with the reinforcing ring, the abutment slides along the variable diameter surface of the extension column. As the diameter of the extension column increases, the abutment is pushed radially outward. Through the lever action, the distal end of the elastic reinforcing strip rotates outward and opens, tightly abutting against the hole wall. The lever structure amplifies the abutment force, further enhancing the support and reinforcement strength. 5. Before installing the detonator bracket, push the reinforcing ring to engage with the limiting plate, so that the radial reinforcing ring is embedded in the limiting ring. Squeeze the elastic reinforcing strip into the limiting ring and fold it up. Switch to the storage position to facilitate the smooth pushing of the detonator bracket into the borehole. After the detonator bracket reaches the designed position, pull the reinforcing ring to slide towards the center block. The radial reinforcing ring will then disengage from the limiting ring, and the elastic reinforcing strip will open outwards to switch to the reinforcement position, completing the support and reinforcement. This achieves precise control of the storage and unfolding of the elastic reinforcing strip. The elastic reinforcing strip will not scrape against the borehole wall in the stored state, ensuring smooth pushing of the detonator bracket and avoiding jamming or displacement caused by premature unfolding, thus adapting to the needs of rapid on-site operations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly described below. In all the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the construction trolley of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tunnel shallow hole blasting borehole cleaning device of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the tunnel shallow hole blasting borehole cleaning device of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view at point BB; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Sectional view at CC; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hole-cleaning sleeve in the tunnel shallow-hole blasting hole cleaning device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device of the present invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point D; Figure 10 An exploded view of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the detonator support in the shallow hole blasting charging device for tunnels of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the radial reinforcing ring in the shallow hole blasting charging device for tunnels of the present invention, in the storage position. Figure 13An exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the pusher column in the shallow hole blasting charging device for tunnels of the present invention; Figure label: First telescopic component 1, retaining ring 11; 2. Central column, 21. Arc plate, 211. Guide plate, 212. Storage opening, 22. Rotary hole, 23. 3. Cleaning pipe sleeve, 31. Spiral rib, 32. Slag inlet, 33. Opening and closing plate, 331. Connecting rib group, 34. Scraper, 341. Limiting strip, 35. Rotating rod; Drive mechanism 4, gear ring 41, motor 42, first gear 43; Water removal mechanism 5, pumping assembly 51, second gear 511, crank 512, rocker arm 513, transfer chamber 52, piston column 521, first valve body 522, second valve body 523, suction pipe 53, elastic suction head 531, drain pipe 54. Second telescopic component 6; 7. Infusion tube; 71. Flexible tube; 72. Sliding sleeve; Push column 8, positioning slide 81, movable hole 82, lever 83, cam plate 831, positioning plate 832, indicator protrusion 833; Detonator bracket 9, center block 91, groove 911, elastic abutment 912, ring plate 92, positioning sleeve 921, positioning block 922, elastic positioning strip 93, anti-slip hook tooth 931, fixing part 932, reinforcing part 933, detonator 94, extension column 95, limiting piece 951, limiting ring 952, reinforcing ring 96, annular hook groove 961, radial reinforcing ring 97, elastic reinforcing strip 971, through groove 972, abutment 973; The trolley body 10, the aerial work boom 101, the filling equipment 102, the manned platform 103, and the mechanical boom 104. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0020] like Figure 2-7 As shown, the tunnel shallow hole blasting hole cleaning device provided in this embodiment includes a first telescopic member 1, a central column 2, and a hole cleaning sleeve 3.

[0021] The inner wall of the cleaning pipe sleeve 3 is provided with spiral ribs 31 extending axially. The spiral ribs 31 are arranged around the inner wall of the cleaning pipe sleeve 3 in a spiral path to meet the requirements of axial conveying of rock cuttings. An axially extending cuttings inlet 32 ​​is provided on one side of the cleaning pipe sleeve 3. The spiral ribs 31 form a discontinuity notch at the cuttings inlet 32. A slamming plate 33 is rotatably installed on the side of the cuttings inlet 32 ​​via a pin. The inner side of the slamming plate 33 is provided with connecting ribs 331 with the same parameters as the spiral ribs 31. The slamming plate 33 can be switched to the closed position to block the cuttings inlet 32, or rotated into the cuttings inlet position inside the cleaning pipe sleeve 3. A scraper 34 is installed on the outer side of the cleaning pipe sleeve 3 next to the cuttings inlet 32, and the scraper 34 is inclined toward the cuttings inlet 32 ​​to scrape off the gravel, rock powder, construction water and mud adhering to the borehole wall.

[0022] The first telescopic component 1 adopts linear telescopic components commonly used in engineering, such as electric push rods and hydraulic cylinders, to provide axial forward and backward driving force for the device. One end of the central column 2 is fixed to the telescopic end of the first telescopic component 1. The cleaning sleeve 3 is a circular tube with both ends connected and is coaxially rotatably installed outside the central column 2. Specifically, the central column 2 has an axially formed rotating hole 22 inside, with the opening facing the far end of the cleaning sleeve 3. The end of the cleaning sleeve 3 away from the first telescopic component 1 is connected to a rotating rod 35, which is rotatably installed in the rotating hole 22 and equipped with a rolling bearing to achieve rotational support. When the cleaning sleeve 3 rotates, the rotating rod 35 rotates synchronously within the rotating hole 22, providing radial support to the distal end of the cleaning sleeve 3 and limiting radial runout. When the device moves axially forward or backward, the rotating rod 35 is always inserted into the rotating hole 22, ensuring the coaxiality of the cleaning sleeve 3 and the central column 2, providing stable coaxial support to the distal end of the cleaning sleeve 3, solving the problem of distal end swaying and radial runout when the length-to-diameter ratio is too large, and ensuring rotational smoothness. An arc plate 21 is fixed on the lower half of the central column 2. The axial length of the arc plate 21 covers the entire length of the slag inlet 32, and the arc length is adapted to the rotation stroke of the opening and closing plate 33. The arc plate 21 can abut against the connecting rib group 331 that passes through, and push the opening and closing plate 33 to switch to the closed position.

[0023] During operation, the cleaning pipe sleeve 3 is pushed to the bottom of the blast hole by the first telescopic component 1, and the cleaning pipe sleeve 3 is rotated. When the opening and closing plate 33 rotates to the lower half of the blast hole, the arc plate 21 abuts against the connecting rib group 331, pushing the opening and closing plate 33 to maintain the closed position and prevent the rock cuttings in the cleaning pipe sleeve 3 from falling out. When the opening and closing plate 33 rotates to the upper half of the blast hole, it disengages from the arc plate 21 and rotates to the cuttings inlet position under the dual action of its own gravity and the extrusion of the rock cuttings. The rock cuttings scraped by the scraper 34 enter the pipe through the cuttings inlet 32 ​​and are axially transported to the outside of the hole by the spiral rib 31, completing the cleaning operation. This device abandons the traditional high-pressure air cleaning method and achieves rock debris cleaning through a closed-loop spiral conveyor, eliminating the problems of rock fragments splashing and dust diffusion from the source, greatly improving the safety of operation in the narrow space of the working face. Through the automatic switching of the position of the opening and closing plate 33, continuous operation of scraping, feeding and conveying of slag is realized, effectively preventing rock debris from falling out of the cleaning pipe sleeve 3, and avoiding secondary damage to the hole wall, thus ensuring the quality of the blast hole formation.

[0024] Preferably, in the closed position, the connecting rib assembly 331 can fill the gap in the broken section of the spiral rib 31 to connect the various interruptions in the spiral rib 31. During the rotation of the cleaning pipe sleeve 3, when the opening and closing plate 33 is in the closed position, the connecting rib assembly 331 automatically fills the gap in the broken section, ensuring the continuity of the spiral conveying channel and continuously conveying the rock cuttings inside the pipe to the borehole opening. When the opening and closing plate 33 switches to the slag inlet position, the connecting rib assembly 331 rotates inward accordingly, disengaging from the broken section inlet and opening the slag inlet 32 ​​to complete the slag inlet. This solves the problem of conveying interruption and slag jamming caused by the breakage of the spiral rib 31 at the slag inlet 32, ensuring the continuity and stability of the spiral slag conveying and improving the efficiency of the borehole cleaning operation. It should be noted that the connecting rib assembly 331 should have an appropriate space allowance with the cross-section of the spiral rib 31 on both sides of the broken section inlet to avoid interfering with the rotation of the opening and closing plate 33.

[0025] Preferably, guide plates 211 are connected to the surfaces of the central column 2 at both ends of the arc path of the arc plate 21. The guide plates 211 are inclined, with one end smoothly connected to the arc plate 21 and the other end extended and welded to the outer wall of the central column 2, forming a sloping structure that smoothly transitions from the central column 2 to the arc plate 21. When the slag inlet 32 ​​rotates to the upper half of the borehole, the rock slag falls into the cleaning sleeve 3 and can slide along the guide plate 211 into the conveying area of ​​the spiral rib 31, effectively preventing rock slag from getting stuck and causing component wear.

[0026] In one embodiment, the scraper 34 is rotatably mounted on the cleaning tube sleeve 3 and a torsion spring is installed at the rotatable connection to provide elastic force to drive the scraper 34 away from the slag inlet 32, so that it can adaptively conform to the borehole wall of different diameters. A retaining ring 11 is arranged around a fixed end of the first telescopic member 1 near the cleaning tube sleeve 3 with its telescopic end as the center. A limiting strip 341 is installed on the scraper 34. The far end of the limiting strip 341 extends towards the first telescopic member 1 with an inclined trend that gradually approaches the central column 2. When the telescopic end of the first telescopic member 1 is in the extreme contraction state, the far end of the limiting strip 341 can be located within the retaining ring 11 to achieve constraint. During hole cleaning, the first telescopic component 1 extends its telescopic end, the limiting strip 341 disengages from the retaining ring 11, and the scraper 34 opens to fit against the hole wall under the action of the torsion spring, continuously scraping slag as the hole cleaning sleeve 3 rotates. After hole cleaning is completed, the first telescopic component 1 retracts to its limit state, and the distal end of the limiting strip 341 enters the retaining ring 11. The retaining ring 11 applies a radial thrust to the limiting strip 341, causing the scraper 34 to retract inward, allowing the device to exit the blast hole without obstruction. The torsion spring enables the scraper 34 to self-adapt to tension, adapting to blast holes of different diameters and slight irregularities, ensuring thorough slag scraping without dead angles. Through the cooperation of the limiting strip 341 and the retaining ring 11, the scraper 34 automatically retracts when the device exits, avoiding jamming against the hole wall and preventing the scraped rock debris from falling back into the hole during exit, thus improving the integrity of hole cleaning. It should be noted that when the scraper 34 is driven by elastic force to open to its maximum extent, the distal end of the limiting strip 341 should still be within the radial range of the retaining ring 11.

[0027] This device also includes a drive mechanism 4, which comprises a gear ring 41 and a motor 42. The gear ring 41 is provided on the outer side of the end of the cleaning sleeve 3 near the first telescopic member 1. The motor 42 is fixed to the central column 2 by a bracket 23. The output end of the motor 42 is equipped with a first gear 43 that meshes with the gear ring 41. During the cleaning operation, the motor 42 is started, and the cleaning sleeve 3 is driven to rotate continuously around the central column 2 through the meshing transmission of the first gear 43 and the gear ring 41, realizing continuous cleaning operation. The rotation of the motor 42 and the cleaning sleeve 3 does not interfere with each other, and the structure is compact and highly integrated.

[0028] In one embodiment, the device further includes a water removal mechanism 5, which includes a pumping assembly 51, a transfer chamber 52, a suction pipe 53, and a drain pipe 54. The transfer chamber 52 is a sealed cavity fixed to the outer wall near the end of the central column 2. A piston column 521 is slidably installed on the top of the transfer chamber 52. The pumping assembly 51 can drive the piston column 521 to reciprocate. The bottom of the transfer chamber 52 is respectively equipped with a first valve body 522 that only allows water to flow in and a second valve body that only allows water to flow out. The first valve body 523 has a drain pipe 54 connected at one end to the second valve body 523. A suction pipe 53 is installed above the arc plate 21 and extends axially along the cleaning sleeve 3. One end of the suction pipe 53 is closed, and the other end is connected to the first valve body 522. Multiple elastic suction heads 531 made of elastic material are spaced along the length of the suction pipe 53. The elastic suction heads 531 can be made of elastic rubber or silicone. The elastic suction heads 531 pass through the arc plate 21 and their bottom ends are close to the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve 3. The first valve body 522 and the second valve body 523 can be conventional one-way valve plates.

[0029] During the hole cleaning operation, the pumping assembly 51 drives the piston column 521 to reciprocate axially. When the piston column 521 moves upward, the transfer chamber 52 forms a negative pressure, the first valve body 522 opens and the second valve body 523 closes, and the water and mud accumulated in the pipe are sucked into the chamber through the elastic suction head 531 and the suction pipe 53. When the piston column 521 moves downward, the transfer chamber 52 forms a positive pressure, the first valve body 522 closes and the second valve body 523 opens, and the water and mud accumulated in the pipe are pumped out of the hole through the drain pipe 54, completing the continuous water removal. While cleaning rock debris, the system simultaneously pumps out and removes water and mud from the borehole, cleaning both solid and liquid impurities at the same time for a more thorough cleaning. This avoids water diluting the emulsion explosive and affecting detonation performance. The pumping component 51 is driven to rotate in conjunction with the borehole cleaning sleeve 3, requiring no additional power source and featuring a compact structure. The multi-point elastic suction head 531 achieves axial suction without dead angles, while avoiding rigid interference with the spiral ribs 31 and connecting rib group 331. When the spiral ribs 31 or connecting rib group 331 pass through the elastic suction head 531, they can bend and squeeze the elastic suction head 531. When the elastic suction head 531 is deformed under pressure and when it subsequently returns to its elastic state, it can knead or throw out larger particles at the port, effectively preventing suction head blockage.

[0030] Preferably, the elastic suction head 531 is a pointed cone shape with the diameter decreasing towards the bottom. The bottom of the pointed cone-shaped elastic suction head 531 is close to the inner wall of the pipe. The small-diameter suction port increases the local negative pressure and enhances the suction capacity of water and mud. The cone-shaped structure plays a guiding role for the sucked rock powder and avoids the suction head from clogging. When the spiral rib 31 and the connecting rib group 331 pass by, the cone-shaped structure can smoothly avoid them through its own elastic deformation and avoid rigid interference.

[0031] Furthermore, the arc plate 21 has multiple storage openings 212 above each elastic suction head 531, providing deformation avoidance space for the elastic suction head 531, completely solving the interference problem with the spiral rib 31, preventing the suction head from being sheared and damaged, and at the same time, the storage openings 212 play a radial limiting role for the suction head, preventing the suction head from shifting and ensuring the stability of the suction position.

[0032] Specifically, the pumping assembly 51 includes a second gear 511, a crank 512, and a rocker arm 513. The second gear 511, which meshes with the gear ring 41, is rotatably mounted on the bracket 23. One end of the crank 512 is fixedly connected to the second gear 511, and the other end is rotatably connected to one end of the rocker arm 513. The other end of the rocker arm 513 is rotatably connected to the piston rod 521. During the cleaning operation, the gear ring 41 rotates synchronously with the cleaning sleeve 3, driving the second gear 511 to rotate. Through the crank 512 and the rocker arm 513, the piston rod 521 performs continuous axial reciprocating motion, providing continuous suction and drainage power for the transfer chamber 52.

[0033] like Figure 8-13 As shown, the tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device provided in this embodiment includes a second telescopic component 6, a delivery pipe 7, a pushing column 8, and a detonator support 9.

[0034] The second telescopic component 6 adopts linear telescopic components such as electric push rods and hydraulic cylinders. The delivery pipe 7 is a rigid round pipe. The delivery pipe 7 is installed at the telescopic end of the second telescopic component 6 and is parallel to it. The delivery pipe 7 is connected to the emulsion explosive filling equipment through a hose 71, and a sliding sleeve 72 is installed on the delivery pipe 7.

[0035] The push column 8 is parallel to the drug delivery tube 7 and is slidably installed in the sliding sleeve 72. A positioning groove 81 is provided at the end of the push column 8 away from the second telescopic member 6.

[0036] The detonator support 9 includes a central block 91, a ring plate 92, and elastic positioning strips 93. The central block 91 is a cylindrical component with a detonator 94 mounted at one end. Specifically, a slot can be provided at the end of the central block 91 for the detonator 94 to be inserted and fixed. The ring plate 92 is mounted around the outside of the central block 91. The elastic positioning strips 93 can be made of elastic plastic. Multiple elastic positioning strips 93 are evenly distributed around the ring plate 92 with the central block 91 as the center, and extend radially outward from the central block 91. The distal end of the elastic positioning strip 93 can elastically abut against the borehole wall. It should be noted that the elastic positioning strips 93 should be tilted towards the detonator side to facilitate subsequent insertion into the borehole. A positioning sleeve 921 is provided on the bottom side of the ring plate 92. The positioning sleeve 921 can be fitted onto the end of the push column 8 away from the second telescopic member 6. The inner side of the positioning sleeve 921 is provided with a positioning block 922 that is adapted to the positioning slide groove 81. The positioning block 922 can be embedded into the positioning slide groove 81 along the axial direction of the push column 8 to form a circumferential limit.

[0037] Before operation, fix the detonator 94 to the end of the center block 91, and place the positioning sleeve 921 of the detonator bracket 9 onto the far end of the push column 8, so that the positioning block 922 is embedded in the positioning groove 81, and make the detonator 94 side of the detonator bracket 9 face away from the blast hole to complete the docking. Push the delivery tube 7 into the blast hole through the second telescopic member 6 until the far end of the delivery tube 7 reaches the bottom of the blast hole. Check the insertion depth of the delivery tube 7, and take one-third of the insertion depth of the delivery tube 7 as the required insertion depth of the detonator bracket 9. Control the push column 8 to place the detonator bracket 9 at the blast hole opening, and then push the detonator bracket 9 precisely to the designated position according to the design depth. During the pushing process, the elastic positioning strip 93 elastically abuts against the borehole wall and bends towards the borehole opening, making it difficult for the detonator support 9 to retract in the opposite direction. This forms a fixed position for the detonator 94. The push column 8 is pulled back to disengage it from the positioning sleeve 921 and retract it outside the borehole. Then, the emulsion explosive filling equipment is started, and the emulsion explosive is filled while the delivery pipe 7 is slowly retracted, completing the loading operation. This achieves precise control of the installation depth of the detonator 94, solving the positioning deviation problem of traditional manual installation based on feel. It ensures that the detonator is in the optimal detonation position. The radial elastic positioning strip 93 achieves centered fixation of the detonator, making it firm and not easy to shift or tilt. This ensures good coupling between the detonator and the explosive, avoiding the risk of misfires and blind shots. The integrated design of the delivery pipe 7 and the push column 8 results in a compact structure and convenient operation, greatly improving the efficiency of the loading operation.

[0038] It should be noted that the detonator bracket 9 is made entirely of plastic and is a disposable item.

[0039] Preferably, both the delivery tube 7 and the push column 8 are equipped with scale lines along their respective lengths, enabling visual and precise control of the detonator installation and charging stroke, eliminating reliance on the experience of construction personnel, improving the standardization of operations, and avoiding detonator positioning deviations.

[0040] Preferably, the distal surface of the elastic positioning strip 93 is provided with anti-slip teeth 931. The distal outer surface of each elastic positioning strip 93 is integrally formed with multiple inclined sawtooth anti-slip teeth 931, so that after the detonator support 9 enters the borehole, the tooth tips face the borehole opening, forming a reverse anti-slip limit, which greatly improves the biting force and anti-slip performance between the elastic positioning strip 93 and the borehole wall, ensuring that the detonator is always in the designed position during the loading process, and improving the safety and reliability of the operation.

[0041] In one embodiment, the elastic positioning strip 93 has a two-section structure, including a fixing part 932 and a reinforcing part 933 connected end to end. The connection point of the fixing part 932 and the reinforcing part 933 is rotatably mounted on the edge of the ring plate 92, so that the fixing part 932 extends outward and the reinforcing part 933 is biased towards the inside of the ring plate 92. The distal ends of multiple reinforcing parts 933 surround to form a conical tightening channel. An extension post 95 is provided at the end of the central block 91 away from the detonator 94. A limit piece 951 is provided at the distal end of the extension post 95. An axially sliding reinforcing ring 96 is sleeved on the extension post 95. An annular groove 961 is opened on the periphery of the reinforcing ring 96. The push column 8 has an axially open movable hole 82 inside. A lever 83 is slidably and rotatably installed in the movable hole 82. A cam plate 831 is provided at one end of the lever 83 near the drug delivery tube 7. When the positioning sleeve 921 is placed on the push column 8, rotating the lever 83 can make the protruding side of the cam plate 831 embed into the annular hook groove 961.

[0042] After the detonator bracket 9 is connected to the push column 8, the lever 83 is rotated to make the convex side of the cam plate 831 embed into the annular hook groove 961, completing the connection. When the detonator bracket 9 reaches the designed position and the elastic positioning strip 93 abuts against the hole wall, the lever 83 is pulled back, causing the reinforcing ring 96 to slide along the extension column 95, squeezing the reinforcing part 933. Through the lever action, the fixing part 932 is pushed to open further outward, forming an interference fit with the hole wall, completing the reinforcement and locking. After locking, the lever 83 is rotated in the opposite direction to make the cam plate 831 disengage from the annular hook groove 961. Pulling back the push column 8 can separate it from the detonator bracket 9, realizing the secondary reinforcement and locking of the detonator bracket 9 in the blast hole, greatly improving the fixing strength, and being able to withstand greater explosive injection impact force, eliminating the risk of detonator displacement and slippage. The convenient control of reinforcement operation and bracket separation is achieved through the lever 83 and the cam plate 831. The operation is simple, suitable for the narrow working space of the blast hole, and improves the work efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, the sidewall of the central block 91 is provided with multiple slots 911, and each slot 911 is provided with an elastic tab 912 on the side away from the ring plate 92. The elastic tab 912 can be made of elastic plastic material, and the far end of the elastic tab 912 is offset from the slot 911 to form an elastic protrusion. When the lever 83 moves the reinforced ring 96 toward the center block 91, it will pass through the elastic abutment 912. The inner ring of the reinforced ring 96 will squeeze the elastic abutment 912 into the groove 911. After the reinforced ring 96 completely passes the elastic abutment 912 and squeezes the reinforced part 933 of the elastic positioning strip 93 to complete the reinforcement, the elastic abutment 912 loses the compression constraint and rebounds and resets under its own elastic force. The free end deviates out of the groove 911 again, always forming a rigid anti-reverse block for the reinforced ring 96. Even if the pulling force of the lever 83 is lost, the reinforced ring 96 cannot retract in the direction of the extension post 95. Through the one-way ratchet-type elastic abutment 912, the risk of the reinforced ring 96 retracting is completely eliminated from the mechanical structure, realizing mechanical passive anti-retraction locking.

[0044] In one embodiment, a radial reinforcing ring 97 is fixed on one side of the reinforcing ring 96. The radial reinforcing ring 97 has multiple elastic reinforcing strips 971 evenly distributed around it. The elastic reinforcing strips 971 can be made of elastic plastic material. The distal end of the elastic reinforcing strip 971 can extend radially outward toward the radial reinforcing ring 97. The distal end of the elastic reinforcing strip 971 can abut against the hole wall to form a second radial support. Together with the elastic positioning strip 93, it forms a front and rear double support structure, completing double reinforcement. This greatly improves the anti-overturning ability of the detonator support 9, avoids the problem of support tilting and deflection, ensures that the detonator axis and the borehole axis always coincide, and improves the stability of detonation wave transmission and blasting effect.

[0045] Preferably, the extension column 95 has a variable diameter structure with a decreasing diameter from one end of the central block 91 to the end away from the central block 91. The radial reinforcing ring 97 has multiple through slots 972 corresponding to each elastic reinforcing strip 971. The elastic reinforcing strips 971 are rotatably installed in the corresponding through slots 972. A stop block 973 is installed on one side of the rotatable connection point of the elastic reinforcing strip 971, and the stop block 973 can abut against the surface of the extension column 95. When the radial reinforcing ring 97 slides towards the central block 91 with the reinforcing ring 96, the stop block 973 slides along the variable diameter surface of the extension column 95. As the diameter of the extension column 95 increases, the stop block 973 is pushed radially outward, causing the distal end of the elastic reinforcing strip 971 to rotate outward and open tightly against the hole wall through a lever structure. The lever structure amplifies the abutment force, further enhancing the support and reinforcement strength.

[0046] Furthermore, the radial reinforcing ring 97 is located on the side of the reinforcing ring 96 near the limiting piece 951. The limiting piece 951 is provided with a limiting ring 952 on the periphery of the side near the center block 91. The radial reinforcing ring 97 can be switched to a storage position where the elastic reinforcing strip 971 is folded within the limiting ring 952, or to a reinforcing position where the elastic reinforcing strip 971 is pushed open by the extension post 95 after leaving the limiting ring 952. Before installing the detonator bracket 9, push the reinforcing ring 96 to abut against the limiting piece 951, so that the radial reinforcing ring 97 is embedded in the limiting ring 952. Squeeze the elastic reinforcing strip 971 into the limiting ring 952 and fold it up, switching to the storage position. This facilitates the smooth pushing of the detonator bracket 9 into the borehole. After the detonator bracket 9 reaches the designed position, pull the reinforcing ring 96 to slide towards the center block 91. The radial reinforcing ring 97 then disengages from the limiting ring 952, and the elastic reinforcing strip 971 opens outwards, switching to the reinforcement position to complete the support and reinforcement. This achieves precise control of the storage and unfolding of the elastic reinforcing strip 971. The elastic reinforcing strip 971 will not scrape against the borehole wall in the stored state, ensuring smooth pushing of the detonator bracket 9 and avoiding jamming or displacement caused by premature opening, thus adapting to the needs of rapid on-site operations.

[0047] Preferably, a positioning piece 832 is installed at the end of the lever 83 away from the cam plate 831. When the positioning piece 832 abuts against the end of the push post 8, the cam plate 831 can be positioned below the reinforced ring 96 in the storage position. The positioning piece 832 achieves precise limiting of the push stroke of the lever 83, ensuring that the axial position of the cam plate 831 and the reinforced ring 96 are precisely aligned, avoiding connection failure. An indicator protrusion 833 is provided on the same side as the protrusion of the positioning piece 832 and the cam plate 831. The indicator protrusion 833 provides a visual indication of the circumferential position of the cam plate 831, allowing precise control of the rotation angle without observing the inside of the hole, improving operational convenience and reducing the probability of error.

[0048] The aforementioned shallow-hole blasting charging device and shallow-hole blasting borehole cleaning device can be operated directly separately. To further improve construction efficiency, such as... Figure 1As shown, this embodiment also provides a construction trolley, including a trolley body 10. The trolley body 10 is a tracked or wheeled traveling trolley adapted to the underground road surface of a tunnel. The trolley body 10 is equipped with a multi-degree-of-freedom aerial work boom 101. A personnel platform 103 is installed at the end of the aerial work boom 101. The personnel platform 103 is equipped with guardrails and an operation control console. Two sets of multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical booms 104 are installed on the personnel platform 103. The two sets of mechanical booms 104 are respectively equipped with a tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device and a tunnel shallow hole blasting borehole cleaning device. The trolley body 10 is also equipped with a filling device 102 for filling emulsion explosives. The filling device 102 is connected to the delivery pipe 7 of the tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device through a hose 71. Both the aerial work boom 101 and the mechanical boom 104 can be selected from existing engineering mechanical arms. Electric or manual operation equipment can be selected according to the actual situation. The filling equipment 102 can be a conventional emulsion explosive filling equipment.

[0049] During operation, the trolley body 10 is driven to the working position at the tunnel face. The aerial work boom 101 is adjusted to position the personnel platform 103 to match the height of the blast holes. First, the blast holes are cleaned using the tunnel shallow hole blasting blast hole cleaning device. Then, the detonator is installed and explosives are poured using the tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device. The boom is adjusted to complete the cleaning and charging of all blast holes at the tunnel face in sequence. Integrating the cleaning and charging devices into the same trolley enables continuous operation of the tunnel shallow hole blasting cleaning and charging process without the need to change equipment, greatly improving construction efficiency. The mechanical boom 104 assists in positioning operations, reducing the labor intensity of construction personnel and minimizing their time spent in dangerous areas at the tunnel face, thus improving operational safety. The trolley has a high degree of integration and is suitable for the confined space of tunnels, enabling standardized and mechanized blasting operations.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shallow-hole blasting charging device for tunnels, characterized in that, Includes the second telescopic component, drug delivery tube, pusher column, and detonator support; The delivery pipe is installed at the telescopic end of the second telescopic component and is parallel to it. The delivery pipe is connected to the emulsion explosive filling equipment through a flexible hose, and a sliding sleeve is installed on the delivery pipe. The push column is parallel to the drug delivery tube and is slidably installed in the sliding sleeve. A positioning groove is provided at the end of the push column away from the second telescopic member. The detonator support includes a central block, a ring plate, and elastic positioning strips. A detonator is installed at one end of the central block. The ring plate is installed around the outside of the central block. Multiple elastic positioning strips are evenly distributed on the ring plate around the central block and extend outward radially from the central block. A positioning sleeve is provided on the bottom side of the ring plate. The positioning sleeve can be fitted onto the end of the push column away from the second telescopic member. A positioning block adapted to the positioning groove is provided on the inner side of the positioning sleeve.

2. The tunnel shallow-hole blasting charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the drug delivery tube and the push column have scale lines along their respective lengths.

3. The tunnel shallow-hole blasting charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distal surface of the elastic positioning strip is provided with anti-slip hook teeth.

4. The tunnel shallow-hole blasting charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic positioning strip includes a fixed part and a reinforcing part connected end to end. The connection point between the fixed part and the reinforcing part is rotatably installed on the edge of the ring plate, so that the fixed part extends outward and the reinforcing part is biased towards the inside of the ring plate. An extension post is provided at the end of the central block away from the detonator. A limit plate is provided at the far end of the extension post. A reinforcing ring is sleeved on the extension post. An annular hook groove is provided on the periphery of the reinforcing ring. The push column has an axially open movable hole inside, and a lever is slidably and rotatably installed in the movable hole. A cam plate is provided at the end of the lever near the drug delivery tube. When the positioning sleeve is placed on the push column, rotating the lever can cause the convex side of the cam plate to be embedded in the annular hook groove.

5. The tunnel shallow-hole blasting charging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sidewall of the central block is provided with multiple grooves, and each groove is provided with an elastic abutment on the side away from the ring plate, with the far end of the elastic abutment protruding outside the groove.

6. The tunnel shallow-hole blasting charging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A radial reinforcing ring is fixed on one axial side of the reinforcing ring. The radial reinforcing ring has multiple elastic reinforcing strips evenly distributed around its circumference. The distal ends of the elastic reinforcing strips can extend radially outward toward the radial reinforcing ring.

7. The tunnel shallow-hole blasting charging device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The extension column has a variable diameter structure with a decreasing diameter from one end of the central block to the end away from the central block. The radial reinforcing ring has multiple through slots corresponding to each elastic reinforcing strip. The elastic reinforcing strip is rotatably installed in the corresponding through slot. A stop block is installed on one side of the rotatable connection point of the elastic reinforcing strip. The stop block can abut against the surface of the extension column. The radial reinforcing ring is located on the side of the reinforcing ring near the limiting piece. The limiting piece is surrounded by a limiting ring on the side near the center block. The radial reinforcing ring can be switched to a storage position where the elastic reinforcing strip is folded inside the limiting ring, or to a reinforcement position where the elastic reinforcing strip is pushed open by the extension column after leaving the limiting ring.

8. The tunnel shallow-hole blasting charging device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A positioning plate is installed at the end of the lever away from the cam plate. An indicator protrusion is provided at the same side of the positioning plate and the cam plate protrusion. When the positioning plate abuts against the end of the push column, the cam plate can be located below the reinforced ring in the storage position.

9. A construction trolley, equipped with the tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The device includes a trolley body, on which an aerial work boom and a filling device are respectively installed. At the end of the aerial work boom, a manned platform is installed. On the manned platform, two sets of mechanical booms are installed. On the two sets of mechanical booms, a tunnel shallow hole blasting charging device and a tunnel shallow hole blasting borehole cleaning device are respectively installed.

10. A construction trolley according to claim 9, characterized in that, The tunnel shallow-hole blasting borehole cleaning device includes a first telescopic component, a central column, and a cleaning pipe sleeve; The inner wall of the cleaning tube sleeve is provided with spiral ribs extending along its axis. An axially extending slag inlet is provided on one side of the cleaning tube sleeve. The spiral ribs form a discontinuity notch corresponding to the slag inlet. A rotatable opening and closing plate is installed at the slag inlet. A connecting rib group is arranged on the inner side of the opening and closing plate. The opening and closing plate can be switched to the closed position to block the slag inlet, or rotated into the slag inlet position inside the cleaning tube sleeve. A scraper is installed on the outer side of the cleaning tube sleeve next to the slag inlet, and the scraper is inclined towards the slag inlet. One end of the central column is fixed to the telescopic end of the first telescopic component. The cleaning tube sleeve is coaxially and rotatably installed outside the central column. An arc plate is fixed on the lower half of the central column. The arc plate can abut against the connecting rib group passing through and push the opening and closing plate to switch to the closed position.

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