Nut anti-loosening performance vibration test method, system and device
The vibration test method for nut anti-loosening performance, which employs multi-parameter coupling and adaptive scheduling, solves the problems of low testing efficiency and insufficient applicability in existing technologies, and achieves efficient and automated evaluation of nut anti-loosening performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI DETROIT PRECISION FASTENER
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for testing the anti-loosening performance of nuts cannot simulate complex and variable vibration environments, have low testing efficiency, lack intelligent scheduling mechanisms, and are difficult to meet the needs of multi-condition evaluation and the development of new nuts.
A vibration test method for nut anti-loosening performance using multi-parameter coupling and adaptive scheduling is adopted. By combining multi-condition vibration modes and decreasing preload sequence with real-time acquisition of residual preload data, an anti-loosening level judgment system is established.
It achieves high efficiency and engineering applicability in nut anti-loosening performance testing, supports automated assembly, reduces human error, and the test results are closer to actual working conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN122171148A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of nut testing technology, specifically to a vibration testing method, system, and device for the anti-loosening performance of nuts. Background Technology
[0002] Threaded connections are widely used in machinery, automotive, rail transportation, aerospace, and energy equipment industries, and their reliability directly affects the safety and lifespan of the entire device. Nuts, as critical fasteners, are prone to loosening during service due to external vibration, impact, or alternating loads, which can lead to connection failure, component detachment, or even major safety accidents. Therefore, scientific, reliable, and repeatable testing and evaluation of the anti-loosening performance of nuts has become a core aspect of fastener research and development, quality control, and standards certification.
[0003] Currently, common methods for testing the anti-loosening performance of nuts mainly rely on standards such as ISO 16130 and GB / T 10431, using transverse vibration testing machines for single-condition, fixed-parameter vibration testing. However, existing technologies have significant limitations: First, the testing process is rigid, typically supporting only a single preload and fixed vibration mode (such as linear vibration with a specific frequency and amplitude), making it difficult to simulate the complex and variable vibration environment in reality; second, the testing efficiency is low, requiring repeated disassembly and reassembly of samples and manual adjustment of the preload if multiple conditions need to be evaluated, which is not only time-consuming but also prone to introducing human error; third, there is a lack of intelligent scheduling mechanisms, making it impossible to dynamically optimize subsequent test sequences based on the real-time loosening status during the testing process, leading to test redundancy or data loss; fourth, it does not support user-defined test logic, making it difficult to meet the customized verification needs of new anti-loosening nut development or special application scenarios.
[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need for a vibration testing method for nut anti-loosening performance that can achieve multi-parameter coupling, adaptive scheduling, and high automation, in order to improve the comprehensiveness, efficiency, and engineering applicability of the test. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of this, this application provides a vibration test method, system and device for nut anti-loosening performance, which can realize multi-parameter coupling, adaptive scheduling and highly automated vibration test method for nut anti-loosening performance, so as to improve the comprehensiveness, efficiency and engineering applicability of the test.
[0006] Firstly, this application provides a vibration testing method for the anti-loosening performance of a nut, comprising: step S101, assembling the nut to be tested onto a test shaft passing through a vibration testing platform; step S102, acquiring multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and setting the test order of the multiple test data according to the preload force from large to small; different test data correspond to different test preload forces, and the vibration amplitude, vibration direction, and vibration trajectory of the vibration testing platform are all different; step S103, receiving a test command and switching to the current test data according to the test order; step S104, locking the test shaft. Step S104: Tighten the nut to be tested toward the vibration test bench and tighten the preload to the test preload corresponding to the current test data; Step S105: Unlock the test shaft, control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut to be tested in real time; Step S106: Receive the test switching command, switch to the next test data according to the test sequence, and repeat steps S104 and S105; Step S107: According to the residual preload data, classify the nut to be tested into the corresponding anti-loosening level.
[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, step S103 includes: step S1031, obtaining a linear vibration test command; step S1032, obtaining corresponding linear vibration test data according to the linear vibration test command; step S105 includes: step S1051, unlocking the test shaft and controlling a pair of limiting blocks to limit the test shaft within the strip area; step S1052, driving the vibration test table to vibrate along a preset linear direction with a corresponding amplitude according to the linear vibration test data; step S1053, collecting the axial force data and the residual preload data of the nut under test under forced linear vibration in real time.
[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, step S103 includes: step S1033, obtaining a curve vibration test command; step S1034, obtaining corresponding curve vibration test data according to the curve vibration test command; step S105 includes: step S1054, unlocking the test shaft and controlling the limiting block to move away from the test shaft; step S1055, driving the vibration test table to vibrate along a preset curve direction with a corresponding vibration trajectory according to the curve vibration test data; step S1056, collecting the axial force data and the residual preload data corresponding to the curve vibration.
[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the vibration test bench is provided with a locking post that is movable toward the test shaft, the end of the locking post abutting against or moving away from the test shaft; the "locking the test shaft" in step S104 includes: step S1041, controlling the locking post to move toward the test shaft and abut against the test shaft; the "unlocking the test shaft" in step S105 includes: step S10511, controlling the locking post to move away from the test shaft to release the test shaft.
[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, step S106 includes: step S1061, switching to execute the vibration test according to the test switching instruction; step S1062, obtaining the next test data based on the test sequence, and executing steps S104 and S105.
[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, after step S105 and before step S106, the method further includes: step S1005, if the residual preload after the vibration test of the current test data reaches the tolerance range of the test preload corresponding to a certain test data in the test sequence, then ignore the test switching instruction and jump to the test to perform step S1006 on the test data: control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut to be tested in real time.
[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, after step S1005, the method further includes: step S1007, after any jump test is completed, if the residual preload after the vibration test of the current test data does not match the tolerance range of the test preload corresponding to any of the test data in the test sequence, then backtrack to the unexecuted test data according to the test sequence and execute steps S104 and S105.
[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, before step S102, the method further includes: step S1002, if a specified order instruction is received, then step S102 is ignored; step S1003, multiple test data for the nut to be tested are obtained, and the test order of the multiple test data is set according to a specified order; the test preload corresponding to different test data is different, and the vibration amplitude, vibration direction and vibration trajectory of the vibration test bench are also different.
[0014] Secondly, this application provides a vibration testing system for the anti-loosening performance of a nut, comprising: an assembly module configured to: execute step S101, assemble the nut to be tested onto a test shaft passing through a vibration testing platform; a test instruction module configured to: execute step S102, acquire multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and set the test order of the multiple test data according to the preload force from large to small; different test data correspond to different test preload forces, and the vibration amplitude, vibration direction, and vibration trajectory of the vibration testing platform are all different; execute step S103, receive a test instruction and switch to the current test data according to the test order; and a pre-adjustment module, communicatively connected to the test instruction module, the pre-adjustment module configured to: execute step S104, lock the test shaft, and assemble the nut to be tested onto a test shaft passing through a vibration testing platform; The test nut is tightened toward the vibration test bench, and the preload is adjusted to the test preload corresponding to the current test data. The vibration test module is communicatively connected to the pre-adjustment module. The vibration test module is configured to: execute step S105, unlock the test shaft, control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut under test in real time; execute step S106, receive the test switching command, switch to the next test data according to the test sequence, and repeat steps S104 and S105; the classification module is communicatively connected to the vibration test module. The classification module is configured to: execute step S107, classify the nut under test into the corresponding anti-loosening level according to the residual preload data.
[0015] Thirdly, this application provides a vibration testing device for the anti-loosening performance of nuts, comprising: a vibration testing table with a hollow hole; a testing shaft passing through the hollow hole, wherein the nut to be tested is assembled on the testing shaft; a vibration driving device, which is linked with the vibration testing table to drive the vibration testing table to vibrate; and the aforementioned vibration testing system for the anti-loosening performance of nuts is electrically connected to the vibration driving device.
[0016] This application achieves high efficiency, repeatability, and engineering practicality in nut anti-loosening performance testing, supporting automated assembly and parameter import to reduce human error. It employs switchable multi-condition vibration modes (different amplitudes, directions, and trajectories) and a decreasing preload sequence to complete multi-level testing in a single clamping, significantly improving testing efficiency. By collecting residual preload data in real time, a quantitative index-based anti-loosening level determination system is established, making the test results closer to actual operating conditions and providing reliable and standardized technical support for nut anti-loosening performance evaluation. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shows a method step of a vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of a nut according to an embodiment of this application.
[0018] Figure 2 The diagram shows the steps of a linear vibration test.
[0019] Figure 3 The diagram shows the steps of the curve vibration test.
[0020] Figure 4 The diagram shows the steps for locking the test shaft.
[0021] Figure 5 The diagram shows the execution steps of testing according to the test order.
[0022] Figure 6 The diagram shows the execution steps of the jump order.
[0023] Figure 7 The diagram shows the steps of the method that executes backtracking without jumping.
[0024] Figure 8 The diagram shows the steps of performing tests in a specified order.
[0025] Figure 9 The figure shown is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a vibration testing system for nut anti-loosening performance according to an embodiment of this application.
[0026] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibration testing device for the anti-loosening performance of a nut according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0028] An exemplary vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts is as follows: Figure 1 The diagram shows the steps of a vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of a nut according to an embodiment of this application. In one embodiment, a vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of a nut includes... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S101: Assemble the nut to be tested onto the test shaft that passes through the vibration test bench.
[0029] In this step, a robotic arm can automatically assemble the nut to be tested. The top of the test shaft protrudes from the upper surface of the vibration test bench. A shim is installed between the nut and the vibration test bench, and then the nut is tightened so that the nut and the shim are pressed downwards against the upper surface of the vibration test bench. Additionally, the parameter information of the nut to be tested, including diameter, thickness, and number of threads, is imported.
[0030] Step S102: Obtain multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and set the test order of multiple test data according to the preload force from large to small.
[0031] In this step, different test data correspond to different test preloads, and the vibration amplitude, direction, and trajectory of the vibration test bench are also different. Test data includes the test preload for tightening the nut under test, as well as the vibration amplitude, direction, and trajectory of the vibration test bench. Since the nut under test gradually loosens after multiple vibration tests, and the overall trend of the preload decreases, setting the preload from high to low in the test sequence improves the efficiency of adjusting the test preload and allows for faster switching to the next vibration test based on the test sequence.
[0032] Step S103: Receive the test instruction and switch to the current test data according to the test order.
[0033] Step S104: Lock the test shaft, tighten the nut to be tested toward the vibration test bench, and tighten the preload to the test preload corresponding to the current test data.
[0034] In this step, the test shaft is first locked to prevent relative movement between it and the vibration test bench, facilitating the tightening of the nut under test. The nut is tightened until the test preload corresponding to the current test data is reached. Whether the preload has been reached can be checked using a torque wrench, torque sensor, etc.
[0035] Step S105: Unlock the test shaft, control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut under test in real time.
[0036] In this step, after adjusting the test preload of the nut to be tested, the test shaft is unlocked to create redundant space between it and the vibration test bench, allowing for relative wobbling. This enables the vibration test bench to shake the test shaft during vibration, thereby loosening the nut. Throughout the execution of a single test, real-time axial force data and real-time residual preload data are continuously collected.
[0037] Step S106: Receive the test switching instruction, switch to the next test data according to the test order, and then repeat steps S104 and S105.
[0038] In this step, after the vibration test of the current test data is completed, the test is switched. According to the test order, the test data is switched to the next sequence, and steps S104 and S105 are executed again according to the next sequence of test data. Since the preload of the nut under test decreases after the vibration test, and the preload corresponding to the next sequence of test data is lower than that of the previous test data, the preload can be adjusted to the next sequence of test data more quickly.
[0039] Step S107: Based on the residual preload data, classify the nut to be tested into the corresponding anti-loosening level.
[0040] In this step, the real-time acquisition of residual preload data indicates the anti-loosening performance of the nut under test, and the residual preload can then be classified into the corresponding anti-loosening level.
[0041] In this embodiment, the test shaft is a rigid shaft with a standard external thread, the thread specification of which matches the nut under test. The test shaft is housed inside the vibration test bench and can remain stationary in the "locked" state, while allowing slight relative movement to transmit vibration loads in the "unlocked" state. The test shaft is replaceable to accommodate nuts of different nominal diameters. A miniature axial force sensor (such as a strain gauge or piezoelectric sensor) can be integrated inside the test shaft, or a force-measuring element can be embedded between the gasket and the vibration test bench to output the nut tightening force signal in real time. The data acquisition system synchronously records the time-axial force curve to calculate the residual preload after each test. The anti-loosening level can be quantitatively graded based on the residual preload retention rate (e.g., ≥90% is Level 1, 70–90% is Level 2, <70% is unacceptable) or the loosening time threshold. This standard can be formulated with reference to threaded fastener anti-loosening test specifications such as ISO 16130 and GB / T 10431. Vibration trajectory refers to the motion pattern of the vibration test bench, including but not limited to sinusoidal vibration, random vibration, and composite multi-axis vibration (such as XYZ triaxial synthesis).
[0042] This embodiment achieves high efficiency, repeatability, and engineering practicality in nut anti-loosening performance testing, supporting automated assembly and parameter import to reduce human error. Employing switchable multi-condition vibration modes (different amplitudes, directions, and trajectories) and a decreasing preload sequence, multiple levels of testing are completed in a single clamping, significantly improving testing efficiency. By collecting residual preload data in real time, a quantifiable index-based anti-loosening level determination system is established, making the test results closer to actual operating conditions and providing reliable and standardized technical support for nut anti-loosening performance evaluation.
[0043] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the steps of a linear vibration test. Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, step S103 includes: Step S1031: Obtain the linear vibration test command.
[0044] Step S1032: Obtain the corresponding linear vibration test data according to the linear vibration test command.
[0045] Step S105 includes: Step S1051: Unlock the test axis and control a pair of limit blocks to limit the test axis within the strip area.
[0046] Step S1052: Based on the linear vibration test data, drive the vibration test bench to vibrate along the preset linear direction with the corresponding amplitude.
[0047] Step S1053: Real-time acquisition of axial force data and residual preload data of the nut under test when subjected to forced linear vibration.
[0048] In this embodiment, the acquired linear vibration test command is automatically generated by the system based on the current test data. It is used to instruct the vibration test bench to perform single-axis reciprocating vibration along a specified straight line direction (such as the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, or a composite linear direction). The linear vibration test data includes specific parameters such as vibration direction, amplitude, frequency, waveform (such as a sine wave), and duration corresponding to the linear vibration condition. A pair of limit blocks are moved to both sides of the test axis to form a narrow guide space (i.e., a strip area) extending along the vibration direction. Based on the linear vibration performed by the vibration test bench, this further restricts the forced movement of the test axis in the linear direction under the vibration action of the vibration test bench, ensuring the directionality and stability of the vibration movement. S1031–S1032 is used to prepare the control parameters required for linear vibration and belongs to the configuration stage after tightening and before vibration. S1051–S1053 is the specific operation for performing the linear vibration test, including unlocking the limit blocks, starting vibration, and data acquisition, and belongs to the vibration test execution stage.
[0049] In this embodiment, the test shaft is constrained within a strip-shaped area by a limiting block. This ensures that the test shaft can effectively move with the vibration table in the specified linear direction to simulate real loosening conditions, while preventing interference from swaying in non-target directions, thus improving the directionality and repeatability of the test. Combined with programmable linear vibration parameters (direction, amplitude, etc.), the anti-loosening performance of the nut under linear vibration conditions can be specifically evaluated. Simultaneously, real-time acquisition of axial force and residual preload data provides high-precision data for quantitative analysis of the nut's loosening behavior under specific linear vibration modes, enhancing the engineering reference value of the test results.
[0050] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the steps of a curve vibration test. Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, step S103 includes: Step S1033: Obtain the curve vibration test command.
[0051] Step S1034: Obtain the corresponding curve vibration test data according to the curve vibration test command.
[0052] Step S105 includes: Step S1054: Unlock the test axis and control the limit block to move away from the test axis.
[0053] Step S1055: Based on the curve vibration test data, drive the vibration test bench to vibrate along the preset curve direction with the corresponding vibration trajectory.
[0054] Step S1056: Collect axial force data and residual preload data corresponding to the vibration curve.
[0055] In this embodiment, the curve vibration test command is automatically generated by the system based on the current test data. It is used to initiate a composite vibration mode with a non-linear path, such as circular, elliptical, spiral, or random two-dimensional / three-dimensional trajectories. The curve vibration test data includes preset parameters such as vibration trajectory type (e.g., circular, Lissajous graphic), trajectory size (e.g., radius or major / minor axis), vibration frequency, composite amplitude, direction of motion (clockwise / counterclockwise), and duration. Moving the control limit blocks away from the test axis is achieved by a drive mechanism (e.g., cylinder or motor) that moves the pair of limit blocks originally used for linear control, allowing the test axis to gain freedom in the horizontal plane and no longer be constrained by the strip area. This enables it to follow the vibration test bench to achieve multi-directional composite forced motion. The multi-axis drive system drives the vibration test bench to move along the set trajectory, reproducing the curve trajectory and simulating more complex actual working condition vibration environments. S1033–S1034 are used to prepare the control parameters required for curve vibration and belong to the configuration stage after tightening and before vibration. S1054–S1056 are the specific operations for performing the vibration curve test, including unlocking the limit switch, starting vibration, and data acquisition, which belong to the vibration test execution phase.
[0056] In this embodiment, by removing the limiting block to release the lateral degree of freedom of the test shaft, and combining it with a multi-axis vibration platform to execute a preset curved trajectory vibration, the loosening behavior of the nut under complex dynamic loads (such as rotating machinery, vehicle turning, or earthquakes) can be realistically simulated. Combined with real-time acquisition of axial force and residual preload data, the anti-loosening performance of the nut in nonlinear, multi-directional coupled vibration environments can be comprehensively evaluated, significantly improving the engineering realism and applicability of the test.
[0057] In one embodiment, a locking post that is movable toward the test axis is provided in the vibration test bench, and the end of the locking post abuts against or moves away from the test axis. This structure is already an existing structure.
[0058] Figure 4 The diagram shows the steps for locking the test shaft. Figure 4As shown, the "locking the test axis" in step S104 includes: Step S1041: Control the locking pin to move toward the test shaft and press against the test shaft.
[0059] Step S105, "Unlocking the test axis", includes: Step S10511: Control the locking pin to move away from the test axis to release the test axis.
[0060] In this embodiment, the locking post is a radially retractable rigid column located inside the vibration test bench. Its end has an arc-shaped or planar contact surface, used to press against the outer circumference of the test shaft when extended to limit its wobbling and facilitate locking the test shaft. When retracted, it releases the test shaft, allowing it to move freely. Before tightening the nut, the locking post presses against the test shaft, forming a rigid connection with the vibration test bench, preventing the test shaft from rotating or wobbling when tightening the nut. Before performing the vibration test, the locking post is controlled to retract, releasing the constraint on the test shaft. When the vibration test bench vibrates, it transmits the vibration to the nut under test, inducing a loosening effect.
[0061] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the execution steps of testing according to the test order. In one embodiment, as shown... Figure 5 As shown, step S106 includes: Step S1061: Switch to execute the vibration test according to the test switching command.
[0062] Step S1062: Obtain the next test data based on the test order, and execute steps S104 and S105.
[0063] In this embodiment, after the vibration test corresponding to the current test data is completed, a test switching command is triggered to indicate that the test should be switched to the vibration test corresponding to the next test data. After the test switching command is triggered, the test is switched to the next test data according to the test order, and steps S104 and S105 are executed according to the next test data. The next test data in step S1062 is the current test data in steps S104 and S105.
[0064] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the execution steps of the jump sequence. In one embodiment, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, after step S105 and before step S106, the vibration test method for the nut's anti-loosening performance further includes: Step S1005: If the residual preload after the vibration test of the current test data reaches the tolerance range of the test preload corresponding to a certain test data in the test sequence, then ignore the test switching command and jump to the test to execute step S1006: Control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut to be tested in real time.
[0065] In this embodiment, the residual preload value measured after the current test falls within the allowable deviation range (e.g., ±5%) of the target preload value set for a certain test data in the subsequent test sequence. This indicates that after the current vibration, the nut's residual preload has naturally decayed to the initial preload level required for the next or lower-level test. The system automatically recognizes that the current residual preload meets the initial preload requirement of a subsequent test in the test sequence. Without needing to re-tighten to the target value of that level, it can directly use the target test data reached by jumping to the current test as the initial condition for the current test, skipping the manual or mechanical reloading step, and directly starting the vibration with the target test data of the jump as the current test data, while collecting axial force data and residual preload data in real time.
[0066] In this embodiment, the mechanism enables intelligent and adaptive optimization of the testing process: when the nut naturally loosens to the preload range required for a subsequent test after the previous vibration stage, the system automatically skips redundant re-tightening operations and directly enters the corresponding vibration test stage, avoiding unnecessary repeated adjustments and shortening the overall test cycle; at the same time, it reduces the cumulative error introduced by multiple mechanical tightenings, improves test efficiency and data continuity, and is especially suitable for high-precision, multi-level decreasing anti-loosening performance evaluation scenarios.
[0067] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the steps of a method that executes backtracking without jumping. In one embodiment, as shown... Figure 7 As shown, after step S1005, the vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of the nut further includes: Step S1007: After any jump test is completed, if the residual preload after the vibration test of the current test data does not match the tolerance range of the test preload corresponding to any test data in the test sequence, then backtrack to the unexecuted test data according to the test sequence and execute steps S104 and S105.
[0068] In this embodiment, during the jump test, if the residual preload measured after a vibration test does not fall within the tolerance range of any preset test preload in the test sequence (i.e., it cannot be directly used as the starting state for any subsequent test), the system will automatically backtrack the test sequence, locate the next test data that has not yet been executed and whose target preload is lower than the current residual preload, and execute steps S104 and S105 according to the test data to ensure that all preset test conditions are completely covered.
[0069] In application, this embodiment ensures the integrity of multi-level decreasing tests. Even if some intermediate preload levels are skipped due to jump tests, the system can still intelligently backtrack and retest the missed conditions to avoid missing test data. At the same time, it maintains the preload test order from high to low, taking into account both efficiency and comprehensiveness.
[0070] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the method steps for performing tests in a specified order. In one embodiment, as shown... Figure 8 As shown, before step S102, the method further includes: Step 1002: If a specified order instruction is received, then step 102 is ignored.
[0071] Step 1003: Obtain multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and set the test order of the multiple test data according to the specified order.
[0072] In this embodiment, different test data correspond to different test preloads, and the vibration amplitude, vibration direction, and vibration trajectory of the vibration test bench are also different. Before the test begins, the system determines whether it has received an externally input instruction specifying the order. This instruction can be issued manually or by the system. If received, the system skips the default sorting logic from largest to smallest preload in step S102 and proceeds to step 1003: directly using the test sequence preset by the user or the host system. Each test data in this sequence contains independent parameters such as preload, vibration amplitude, direction, and trajectory. The execution order is determined by the specified instruction and can be any combination, without being limited by the magnitude of the preload.
[0073] When applied, this embodiment can balance automation and flexibility, retaining the default efficient testing process (suitable for routine evaluation) while supporting custom test sequences (suitable for standard benchmarking, fault reproduction, or special operating condition research); enabling the same testing platform to adapt to diverse R&D and quality inspection needs, improving equipment versatility, test coverage, and engineering practicality.
[0074] An exemplary vibration testing system for nut anti-loosening performance is as follows: Figure 9The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a vibration testing system for nut anti-loosening performance according to an embodiment of this application. This application also provides a vibration testing system for nut anti-loosening performance, in one embodiment, as follows... Figure 9 As shown, the system includes: an assembly module 901, a test instruction module 902, a pre-adjustment module 903, a vibration test module 904, and a classification module 905.
[0075] Assembly module 901 is configured to: execute step S101, assemble the nut to be tested onto the test shaft that passes through the vibration test bench.
[0076] The test instruction module 902 is configured to: execute step S102, acquire multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and set the test order of multiple test data according to the preload force from large to small; different test data correspond to different test preload forces, and the vibration amplitude, vibration direction and vibration trajectory of the vibration test bench are different; execute step S103, receive test instructions and switch to the current test data according to the test order.
[0077] The pre-adjustment module 903 is connected to the test instruction module 902. The pre-adjustment module 903 is configured to: execute step S104, lock the test shaft, tighten the nut to be tested toward the vibration test table, and tighten the pre-tightening force to the test pre-tightening force corresponding to the current test data.
[0078] The vibration test module 904 is communicatively connected to the pre-adjustment module 903. The vibration test module 904 is configured to: execute step S105, unlock the test axis, control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut under test in real time; execute step S106, receive the test switching command, switch to the next test data according to the test sequence, and repeat steps S104 and S105.
[0079] The classification module 905 is connected to the vibration test module 904. The classification module 905 is configured to: execute step S107 and classify the nut to be tested into the corresponding anti-loosening level according to the residual preload data.
[0080] This embodiment achieves high efficiency, repeatability, and engineering practicality in nut anti-loosening performance testing, supporting automated assembly and parameter import to reduce human error. Employing switchable multi-condition vibration modes (different amplitudes, directions, and trajectories) and a decreasing preload sequence, multiple levels of testing are completed in a single clamping, significantly improving testing efficiency. By collecting residual preload data in real time, a quantifiable index-based anti-loosening level determination system is established, making the test results closer to actual operating conditions and providing reliable and standardized technical support for nut anti-loosening performance evaluation.
[0081] An exemplary vibration testing device for nut anti-loosening performance is as follows: Figure 10 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a vibration testing device for nut anti-loosening performance according to an embodiment of this application. This application provides a vibration testing device for nut anti-loosening performance, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the device includes: a vibration test bench 1, a test shaft 2, a vibration drive device 3, and the aforementioned vibration testing system for nut anti-loosening performance. The vibration test bench 1 has a hollow hole 110, through which the test shaft 2 passes. The nut 4 to be tested is mounted on the test shaft 2 via a washer 401. The vibration drive device 3 is linked to the vibration test bench 1 via a connecting rod 301 to drive the vibration test bench 1 to vibrate. The vibration testing system for nut anti-loosening performance is electrically connected to the vibration drive device 3. A locking pin 120, movable toward the test shaft 2, passes through the vibration test bench 1. The end of the locking pin 120 abuts against or moves away from the test shaft 2, thereby locking or releasing the test shaft 2. This application is also equipped with a pair of limiting blocks 5, which can control the pair of limiting blocks 5 to move to both sides of the test shaft 2 to form a narrow guide space (i.e., strip area) extending along the vibration direction. Based on the linear vibration performed by the vibration test table 1, the test shaft 2 is further restricted from being forced to move in the linear direction under the vibration action of the vibration test table 1, so as to ensure the directionality and stability of the vibration movement.
[0082] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.
[0083] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this application are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.
[0084] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, equipment, and methods of this application, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions of this application.
[0085] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be carried out within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.
[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts, characterized in that, include: Step S101: Assemble the nut to be tested onto the test shaft that passes through the vibration test bench; Step S102: Obtain multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and set the test order of the multiple test data according to the preload force from large to small; The test preload, vibration amplitude, vibration direction, and vibration trajectory of the vibration test bench are all different depending on the test data mentioned. Step S103: Receive the test instruction and switch to the current test data according to the test order; Step S104: Lock the test shaft, tighten the nut to be tested toward the vibration test bench, and tighten the preload to the test preload corresponding to the current test data; Step S105: Unlock the test shaft, control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut under test in real time; Step S106: Receive the test switching instruction, switch to the next test data according to the test order, and then repeat steps S104 and S105. Step S107: Based on the residual preload data, classify the nut to be tested into the corresponding anti-loosening level.
2. The vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S103 includes: Step S1031: Obtain the linear vibration test command; Step S1032: Obtain the corresponding linear vibration test data according to the linear vibration test command; Step S105 includes: Step S1051: Unlock the test axis and control a pair of limiting blocks to limit the test axis within the strip area; Step S1052: Based on the linear vibration test data, drive the vibration test bench to vibrate along a preset linear direction with a corresponding amplitude; Step S1053: Real-time acquisition of the axial force data and the residual preload data of the nut under test when subjected to forced linear vibration.
3. The vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S103 includes: Step S1033: Obtain the curve vibration test command; Step S1034: Obtain the corresponding curve vibration test data according to the curve vibration test command; Step S105 includes: Step S1054: Unlock the test axis and control the limiting block to move away from the test axis; Step S1055: Based on the vibration test data, drive the vibration test bench to vibrate along the preset curve direction with a corresponding vibration trajectory; Step S1056: Collect the axial force data and the residual preload data corresponding to the vibration curve.
4. The vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration test bench is provided with a locking post that can move toward the test shaft, and the end of the locking post abuts against or moves away from the test shaft; The "locking the test axis" in step S104 includes: Step S1041: Control the locking pin to move toward the test shaft and press against the test shaft; The "unlocking the test axis" in step S105 includes: Step S10511: Control the locking pin to move away from the test shaft to release the test shaft.
5. The vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S106 includes: Step S1061: Switch to execute the vibration test according to the test switching command; Step S1062: Obtain the next test data based on the test order, and execute steps S104 and S105.
6. The vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts according to claim 5, characterized in that, After step S105 and before step S106, the method further includes: Step S1005: If the residual preload after the vibration test of the current test data reaches the tolerance range of the test preload corresponding to a certain test data in the test sequence, then ignore the test switching command and jump to the test to execute step S1006 on the test data: control the vibration test bench to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut to be tested in real time.
7. The vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts according to claim 6, characterized in that, After step S1005, the method further includes: Step S1007: After any jump test is completed, if the residual preload after the vibration test of the current test data does not match the tolerance range of the test preload corresponding to any of the test data in the test sequence, then backtrack to the unexecuted test data according to the test sequence and execute steps S104 and S105.
8. The vibration test method for the anti-loosening performance of nuts according to claim 5, characterized in that, Prior to step S102, the method further includes: Step S1002: If a specified order instruction is received, then step S102 is ignored; Step S1003: Obtain multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and set the test order of the multiple test data according to a specified order; the test preload corresponding to different test data is different, and the vibration amplitude, vibration direction and vibration trajectory of the vibration test bench are also different.
9. A vibration testing system for the anti-loosening performance of nuts, characterized in that, include: The assembly module is configured to: execute step S101, assemble the nut to be tested onto the test shaft that passes through the vibration test bench; The test instruction module is configured to: execute step S102, acquire multiple test data for the nut to be tested, and set the test order of the multiple test data according to the preload force from large to small; different test data correspond to different test preload forces, and the vibration amplitude, vibration direction and vibration trajectory of the vibration test bench are also different; execute step S103, receive test instructions and switch to the current test data according to the test order; The pre-adjustment module is communicatively connected to the test instruction module. The pre-adjustment module is configured to: execute step S104, lock the test shaft, tighten the nut to be tested toward the vibration test bench, and tighten the pre-tightening force to the test pre-tightening force corresponding to the current test data. The vibration testing module is communicatively connected to the pre-adjustment module. The vibration testing module is configured to: execute step S105, unlock the test shaft, control the vibration testing platform to start vibration based on the current test data, and collect the axial force data and residual preload data of the nut under test in real time; execute step S106, receive the test switching command, switch to the next test data according to the test sequence, and repeat steps S104 and S105. The classification module is connected in communication with the vibration test module. The classification module is configured to: execute step S107 and classify the nut to be tested into the corresponding anti-loosening level according to the residual preload data.
10. A vibration testing device for the anti-loosening performance of nuts, characterized in that, include: The vibration test bench is equipped with a hollow hole; A test shaft is inserted into the hollow hole, and the nut to be tested is assembled on the test shaft. A vibration driving device is linked to the vibration test bench to drive the vibration test bench to vibrate. The vibration testing system for nut anti-loosening performance as described in claim 9 is electrically connected to the vibration driving device.