A device for flaw detection of a railway motor car hollow axle

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of flaw detection, and discloses a railway motor car hollow axle flaw detection device, which comprises a rack, a clamping block arranged at the bottom of the rack, a hollow axle arranged on the clamping block and used for fixing the hollow axle for detection, a connecting shaft arranged at one side of the rack and used for connecting a rotary feeding structure, and a probe rod connected to one end of the connecting shaft and provided with a probe at one end and used for detection. The probe can avoid obstacles such as weld bumps and rust protrusions, and automatically extends and resets under the action of a spring after passing the obstacles, so that rigid impact between the probe and the obstacles is avoided, the probe chip and the shell are effectively protected from being damaged, the probe rod and the probe are kept stable through a limiting structure, the probe is prevented from being offset after installation or being impacted, and the subsequent detection effect is affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flaw detection technology, and specifically relates to a device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Hollow axles are the core load-bearing components of EMU wheelsets, connecting the wheelsets to the bogies. They bear vertical loads, lateral impacts, braking torques, and alternating bending / torsional combined loads, serving as the "lifeline" for high-speed train safety. The hollow structure (inner diameter 30–110 mm) aims to reduce weight, increase speed, and facilitate internal inspection. However, it also makes defects (internal inclusions, fatigue cracks, and lateral cracks) more concealed; millimeter-level defects can lead to axle breakage and derailment risks. To address the core issues of blind spots in the hollow structure's inner bore, the critical need for high-speed safety, the inefficiency of traditional inspection methods, and the monopoly of imported equipment, ultrasonic spiral scanning inspection of the inner bore is being developed. This is gradually evolving towards fully automated, intelligent, multimodal fusion, and online operation, becoming a core piece of equipment for EMU safety maintenance.

[0003] In existing technologies, a probe needs to be inserted into the inner hole of a hollow shaft to emit or receive ultrasonic waves. A feed rotation mechanism drives the probe to perform a helical scan, achieving full coverage of the shaft and detecting internal and external surface cracks. An ultrasonic control and imaging system is then used to acquire signals, display waveforms, and determine defects. However, during use, when there are weld beads or rust protrusions in the inner hole of the hollow shaft, the probe is prone to displacement due to impacts, and the probe chip may be damaged, the outer shell may crack, or the probe may be rendered unusable, thus affecting the detection effect.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a device for flaw detection of hollow axles in railway vehicles, thereby resolving the issues raised in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway EMUs, comprising a frame, a clamping block at the bottom of the frame, and a hollow axle on the clamping block for fixing the hollow axle for detection; A connecting shaft, located on one side of the frame, is used to connect the rotary feed structure; The probe rod is connected to one end of the connecting shaft, and a probe is installed at one end of the probe rod for detection. An obstacle avoidance structure, installed between the probe rod and the probe, is used to prevent the probe from being hit by a collision. The obstacle avoidance structure includes: The probe holder is connected to the probe rod. The probe holder has a groove inside, and a guide sleeve is fixedly connected inside the groove. The probe holder is located on one side of the guide sleeve. The probe holder is connected to the probe through a fixing structure and is used to fix the probe. A movement limiting structure is installed between the probe rod seat and the probe seat to restrict the movement and retraction of the probe.

[0007] Furthermore, a controller is installed on the frame to control the probe for detection. Both the probe rod and the probe are located inside the hollow shaft. The probe rod is also equipped with a limiting structure to prevent the probe and probe rod from shifting.

[0008] Furthermore, the movable limiting structure includes a guide shaft, a first spring, and a limiting nut. A groove is opened inside the guide sleeve, and the guide shaft is slidably connected in the groove. One end of the guide shaft passes through the groove and is fixedly connected to the probe seat. The first spring is sleeved on the guide shaft, and the end of the guide shaft away from the first spring is threadedly connected to the limiting nut.

[0009] Furthermore, there are two slides and two guide shafts to limit the radial movement of the probe. One end of the first spring is connected to the probe seat and the other end is connected to the guide sleeve. The limiting nut is located in the slide to prevent the probe from coming out.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixing structure includes a mounting block, a limiting block, a moving block, a second spring, a first electromagnetic block, and a second electromagnetic block. The probe holder has an internal mounting groove, the mounting block is located in the mounting groove, and the mounting block is fixedly connected to the probe. Two limiting blocks are movably connected inside the mounting block, and the two limiting blocks are fixedly connected to each other by the second spring. The moving block is magnetically connected to the two limiting blocks by the first electromagnetic block. The side of the two limiting blocks away from the moving block is inserted into the inner wall of the mounting groove. The top of the moving block and the inner wall of the mounting groove are both fixedly connected to the second electromagnetic blocks, and the second electromagnetic blocks are magnetically connected to each other.

[0011] Furthermore, the two limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged around the center of the mounting block, and one side of each limiting block is in contact with the moving block, with the contacting side being an inclined surface. The second spring is located on both sides of the moving block, one end of the moving block is located inside the mounting block, and the other end extends through the mounting groove to the inner wall of the mounting groove.

[0012] Furthermore, a protective sleeve is provided on the outside of the probe rod, and the protective sleeve is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft. A first electric push rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective sleeve. The first electric push rod is located on both sides of the probe rod and the probe. The bottom end of the first electric push rod is connected to a movable sleeve through a fixing block. The movable sleeve is located on the outside of the probe rod seat, the probe seat and the probe. The end of the movable sleeve away from the probe is slidably connected to the inner wall of the protective sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the defined structure includes a second electric push rod, a movable ring, a push rod, a movable block, a third spring, and a roller. The second electric push rod is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft. The second electric push rod is fixedly connected to the movable ring. The movable ring is slidably connected to the protective sleeve. A push rod is hinged to the movable ring. The push rod is hinged to the movable block. One side of the movable block is fixedly connected to the probe rod through the third spring. The other side of the movable block is rotatably connected to a roller.

[0014] Furthermore, the second electric push rod is located on both sides of the protective sleeve. The push rod, movable block, third spring and roller are all arranged in a circular array around the center of the moving ring. The movable block is located on the outside of the protective sleeve at one end near the roller, and the other end extends through the protective sleeve to the outside of the probe rod.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. The present invention can avoid weld beads and rust protrusions when the probe encounters them through the avoidance structure. After the obstacle is passed, it automatically extends and resets under the action of the spring, avoiding rigid collision between the probe and the obstacle, effectively protecting the probe chip and the shell from damage. In addition, the limiting structure can keep the probe rod and the probe stable, preventing the probe from shifting after installation or collision, which would affect the effect of subsequent detection.

[0016] 2. The present invention can protect the probe rod and probe from damage by means of a protective sleeve and a movable sleeve, further preventing the probe rod and probe from being damaged by collision. At the same time, the fixed structure allows the probe holder to install different probes and adapt to hollow shafts of different sizes, improving the efficiency of replacement and further improving applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the connecting shaft and hollow shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the connecting shaft, protective sleeve, and movable sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the connecting shaft, protective sleeve, and movable sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a defined structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the movable block, the third spring, and the roller according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the protective sleeve and the movable sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the probe holder, guide sleeve, and mounting block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Hollow shaft; 3. Connecting shaft; 4. Probe rod; 5. Probe; 6. Probe rod seat; 7. Guide sleeve; 8. Probe seat; 9. Guide shaft; 10. First spring; 11. Limiting nut; 12. Mounting block; 13. Limiting block; 14. Moving block; 15. First electromagnetic block; 16. Second electromagnetic block; 17. Mounting groove; 18. Protective sleeve; 19. First electric push rod; 20. Moving sleeve; 21. Second electric push rod; 22. Moving ring; 23. Push rod; 24. Movable block; 25. Third spring; 26. Roller. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0020] This invention provides a device for flaw detection of hollow axles in railway vehicles, such as... Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the device includes a frame 1, a clamping block, a hollow shaft 2, a connecting shaft 3, a rotary feed structure, a probe 4, a probe 5, and a clearance structure. The frame 1 has a clamping block at its bottom, on which the hollow shaft 2 is mounted for clamping and fixing, ensuring the axle does not wobble or shift during inspection. The connecting shaft 3 is located on one side of the frame 1 and connects to the rotary feed structure. The rotary feed structure drives the probe 4 to perform a combined axial feed and circumferential rotation motion, achieving a spiral full-coverage scan of the inner hole of the hollow shaft 2. The probe 4 is connected to one end of the connecting shaft 3, and a probe 5 is mounted on one end of the probe 4 to emit or receive ultrasonic waves for axle inspection. Internal and inner hole surface defects are detected. An avoidance structure is set between the probe rod 4 and the probe 5 to prevent the probe 5 from being impacted. The avoidance structure includes a probe rod seat 6, a groove, a guide sleeve 7, a probe seat 8, a fixing structure, and a movement limiting structure. The probe rod seat 6 is fixedly connected to the probe rod 4. A groove is opened inside the probe rod seat 6, and the guide sleeve 7 is fixedly connected in the groove. The probe seat 8 is set on one side of the guide sleeve 7. The probe seat 8 is connected to the probe 5 through the fixing structure to fix the probe 5 and ensure the stability of the probe 5 during the detection process. The movement limiting structure is set between the probe rod seat 6 and the probe seat 8 to limit the movement and retraction of the probe 5. The movement limiting structure includes a guide shaft 9, a first spring 10, and a limiting nut 11. A sliding groove is opened inside the guide sleeve 7, and the guide shaft 9 is slidably connected in the sliding groove. One end of the guide shaft 9 passes through the sliding groove and is fixedly connected to the probe seat 8. The first spring 10 is sleeved on the guide shaft 9, and the end of the guide shaft 9 away from the first spring 10 is threadedly connected to the limiting nut 11. There are two slides and two guide shafts 9 to limit the radial movement of probe 5. One end of the first spring 10 is connected to probe seat 8 and the other end is connected to guide sleeve 7. The limiting nut 11 is located in the slide to prevent probe 5 from falling out.

[0021] By arranging two parallel guide shafts 9, the probe 5 is restricted to move only in a radial straight line to prevent deflection. The probe seat 8 is subjected to an outward preload by the first spring 10, and the limit nut 11 is threaded to the outer end of the guide shaft 9 to limit the maximum outward sliding stroke of the guide shaft 9, preventing the probe 5 from overextending and coming off. At the same time, the spring preload can be finely adjusted by turning the limit nut 11.

[0022] In normal testing mode, the preload of the first spring 10 pushes the probe seat 8, guide shaft 9, and probe 5 outward as a whole. Probe 5 is located inside the hollow shaft 2, and the limiting nut 11 abuts against the inner wall of the slide groove, limiting the maximum extension position of probe 5 and preventing it from coming out. The rotary feed structure drives the probe rod 4 to make a helical motion, and probe 5 performs a full-coverage scan of the inner hole of hollow shaft 2. When encountering weld beads or rust protrusions, the rust protrusions exert radial compressive force on probe 5. This force overcomes the preload of the first spring 10, pushing the probe seat 8, guide shaft 9, and probe 5 to retract radially inward as a whole. The height of probe 5 decreases, actively avoiding rust protrusions and preventing rigid impact with the protrusions, thus protecting the probe 5 chip and shell from damage. After passing the obstacle, the compressive force of the rust protrusions on probe 5 disappears, the first spring 10 resets, and pushes the probe seat 8, guide shaft 9, and probe 5 to extend outward again, restoring normal testing mode. The avoidance structure ensures continuous detection without manual intervention, avoids missed detections or signal interruptions, prevents rigid impact between probe 5 and inner hole obstacles, and extends the life of probe 5.

[0023] like Figures 7 to 8 As shown, the fixing structure includes a mounting block 12, a limiting block 13, a moving block 14, a second spring, a first electromagnetic block 15, and a second electromagnetic block 16. The probe base 8 has a mounting groove 17 inside, and the mounting block 12 is located in the mounting groove 17 and is fixedly connected to the probe 5. Two limiting blocks 13 are movably connected inside the mounting block 12. The two limiting blocks 13 are fixedly connected to each other by the second spring. The moving block 14 is magnetically connected between the two limiting blocks 13 by the first electromagnetic block 15 to assist in controlling the retraction of the limiting blocks 13. The side of the two limiting blocks 13 away from the moving block 14 is inserted into the inner wall of the mounting groove 17. The top of the moving block 14 and the inner wall of the mounting groove 17 are both fixedly connected to the second electromagnetic blocks 16, and the second electromagnetic blocks 16 are magnetically connected to each other. Two limiting blocks 13 are symmetrically arranged around the center of mounting block 12, and one side of each limiting block 13 is attached to the moving block 14, with the attached side being an inclined surface. The second spring is located on both sides of the moving block 14. One end of the moving block 14 is located inside the mounting block 12, and the other end extends through the mounting groove 17 to the inner wall of the mounting groove 17.

[0024] Two limiting blocks 13 are symmetrically arranged within the mounting block 12, and their inclined surfaces fit against the moving block 14 to lock into the inner wall of the mounting groove 17. A second spring connects the two limiting blocks 13, providing outward elastic force. In the initial state, the first electromagnetic block 15 on the top of the moving block 14 is energized and attracted to the first electromagnetic block 15 on the inner wall of the mounting groove 17. The second electromagnetic block 16 on the limiting blocks 13 and the second electromagnetic block 16 on the moving block 14 are de-energized and no longer generate magnetic force, thus not attracting each other. When the probe 5 is installed, the probe 5 with the mounting block 12 is inserted into the mounting groove 17 of the probe seat 8. The second spring pushes the two limiting blocks 13 away from each other. Simultaneously, the first electromagnetic block 15 is de-energized and no longer generates magnetic force, thus no longer attracting each other. The second electromagnetic block 16 is energized and generates magnetic force, attracting each other and pressing against the limiting blocks 13, causing the limiting blocks 13 to engage with the inner wall of the mounting groove 17, preventing the mounting block 12 from loosening. At this point, the probe 5 and the probe seat 8 are connected, allowing for radial expansion and contraction and detection along with the avoidance structure.

[0025] When it is necessary to disassemble probe 5, the second electromagnetic block 16 is energized, generating a magnetic attraction force that pulls the moving block 14 toward the inner wall of the mounting groove 17. The inclined surface of the moving block 14 presses against the inclined surfaces of the two limiting blocks 13, overcoming the elastic force of the second spring, causing the two limiting blocks 13 to retract toward the center and exit the slot in the inner wall of the mounting groove 17. The first electromagnetic block 15 moves synchronously with the moving block 14, assisting the limiting blocks 13 in retracting. At this time, the mounting block 12 along with probe 5 can be directly pulled out of the mounting groove 17 to complete the disassembly or replacement of different probes 5 to adapt to hollow shafts 2 of different sizes.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a controller is installed on the frame 1 to control the probe 5 for detection. Both the probe rod 4 and the probe 5 are located inside the hollow shaft 2. The probe rod 4 is also equipped with a limiting structure to prevent the probe 5 from shifting from the probe rod 4. A protective sleeve 18 is installed on the outside of the probe rod 4. The protective sleeve 18 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 3. A first electric push rod 19 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective sleeve 18. The first electric push rod 19 is located on both sides of the probe rod 4 and the probe 5. The bottom end of the first electric push rod 19 is connected to a movable sleeve 20 through a fixing block. The movable sleeve 20 is located outside the probe rod seat 6, the probe seat 8, and the probe 5. The end of the movable sleeve 20 away from the probe 5 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the protective sleeve 18.

[0027] The controller is mounted on the frame 1 and controls the detection of probe 5, the extension and retraction of the first electric push rod 19, and the rotary feed. A limiting structure is installed on probe 4 to prevent eccentricity, vibration, or offset between probe 4 and probe 5 during high-speed rotary feed, ensuring accurate detection trajectory. A protective sleeve 18 is fixed to the outside of the connecting shaft 3, enclosing probe 4 and probe 5 to isolate them from external impurities. When the controller controls the first electric push rod 19 to retract, it pulls the movable sleeve 20 towards the connecting shaft 3 via a fixed block, fully exposing probe 5 for easy installation and removal.

[0028] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the defined structure includes a second electric push rod 21, a moving ring 22, a push rod 23, a movable block 24, a third spring 25, and a roller 26. The second electric push rod 21 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 3. The second electric push rod 21 is fixedly connected to the moving ring 22, which is slidably connected to the protective sleeve 18. The push rod 23 is hinged to the moving ring 22, and the movable block 24 is hinged to the push rod 23. One side of the movable block 24 is fixedly connected to the probe 4 via the third spring 25, and the other side of the movable block 24 is rotatably connected to the roller 26. The second electric push rod 21 is located on both sides of the protective sleeve 18. The push rod 22, the movable block 23, the third spring 25, and the roller 26 are all arranged in a circular array around the center of the moving ring 22. One end of the movable block 23 near the roller 26 is located outside the protective sleeve 18, and the other end extends through the protective sleeve 18 to the outside of the probe 4.

[0029] During testing, the controller controls the second electric push rod 21 to extend, pushing the moving ring 22 to move axially towards the probe 5. The moving ring 22 drives the movable block 24 to swing outward around the hinge point through the push rod 23. The roller 26 at the outer end of the movable block 24 extends outward, and the third spring 25 is stretched and pressed against the inner wall of the hollow shaft 2, forming multi-point radial support, so that the probe 4 is centered, preventing eccentricity, vibration or displacement. The roller 26 has rolling contact with the inner wall, with low resistance, which does not affect the rotational feed of the probe 4, and at the same time buffers high-frequency vibration.

[0030] Working principle of this invention: Reference Figures 1 to 8As shown, in use, according to the size of the hollow shaft 2, a matching probe 5 is installed. The first electric push rod 19 is activated, causing the moving sleeve 20 to retract, exposing the probe seat 8 and probe 5. The mounting block 12 is connected to the probe 5, allowing the probe 5 to be placed into the mounting groove 17 of the probe seat 8. By activating the controller, the second electromagnetic block 16 is de-energized, no longer generating magnetic force, so the second electromagnetic block 16 on the moving block 14 no longer attracts the second electromagnetic block 16 on the inner wall of the mounting groove 17. Simultaneously, the first electromagnetic blocks 15 on both sides of the moving block 14 and the first electromagnetic blocks 15 on the limiting block 13 are energized, generating magnetic attraction. The moving block 14 presses against the limiting block 13, causing the limiting block 13 to insert into the inner wall of the mounting groove 17. At this point, the probe 5 and the probe seat 8 are connected. Then, the first electric push rod 19... The movable sleeve 20 is moved to its original position to protect the probe 5, connecting the probe 5, probe rod 4, connecting shaft 3, and rotary feed structure. The hollow shaft 2 to be tested is placed on the clamping block at the bottom of the frame 1, and the hollow shaft 2 is clamped and fixed by the clamping block, so that the probe rod 4 and probe 5 are placed inside the hollow shaft 2. The controller controls the second electric push rod 21 to extend, pushing the movable ring 22 to move axially along the outer wall of the protective sleeve 18 toward the probe 5. The movable ring 22 drives the movable block 24 to swing outward around its central hinge point through the hinged push rod 23. The roller 26 at the outer end of the movable block 24 extends outward and fits tightly against the inner wall of the hollow shaft 2, so that the probe rod 4 always stays in the center position of the hollow shaft 2, preventing the probe rod 4 and probe 5 from being eccentric, vibrating, or shifting during high-speed movement.

[0031] The controller starts the probe 5, which emits and receives ultrasonic waves. At the same time, it controls the rotary feed structure to work. The rotary feed structure drives the probe rod 4 to perform a compound motion of axial feed and circumferential rotation through the connecting shaft 3. This causes the probe 5 to perform a spiral full-coverage scan of the inner hole of the hollow shaft 2, thereby realizing the detection of defects inside the hollow shaft and on the surface of the inner hole. When probe 5 encounters weld beads or rust protrusions in the inner hole of hollow shaft 2 during spiral scanning, it will exert radial extrusion force on probe 5. This extrusion force overcomes the preload of the first spring 10 and pushes probe seat 8, guide shaft 9 and probe 5 together to retract radially inward along the slide groove of guide sleeve 7. At the same time, the first electric push rod 19 drives the moving sleeve 20 to move synchronously with the retraction of probe 5, so that the height of probe 5 is reduced and actively avoids obstacles. When probe rod 4 continues to rotate and feed, after probe 5 slides past the highest point of the obstacle, the extrusion force of the obstacle on probe 5 disappears, the first spring 10 resets, pushes probe seat 8, guide shaft 9 and probe 5 to extend outward again, and the first electric push rod 19 pushes the moving sleeve 20 to return to its original position, continuing to protect probe 5, so that probe 5 can inspect the inner wall of hollow shaft 2 again.

[0032] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it.

Claims

1. A device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles, characterized in that, include: A frame (1) is provided with a clamping block at the bottom of the frame (1), and a hollow shaft (2) is provided on the clamping block for fixing the hollow shaft (2) for testing; The connecting shaft (3) is located on one side of the frame (1) and is used to connect the rotary feed structure; A probe (4) is connected to one end of a connecting shaft (3), and a probe (5) is provided at one end of the probe (4) for detection. An obstacle avoidance structure is provided between the probe rod (4) and the probe (5) to prevent the probe (5) from being collided with. The obstacle avoidance structure includes: The probe seat (6) is connected to the probe (4). The probe seat (6) has a groove inside, and a guide sleeve (7) is fixedly connected inside the groove. The probe seat (8) is located on one side of the guide sleeve (7). The probe seat (8) is connected to the probe (5) through a fixing structure and is used to fix the probe (5). The movable limiting structure is set between the probe seat (6) and the probe seat (8) to limit the movement and retraction of the probe (5).

2. The device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (1) is equipped with a controller for controlling the probe (5) to perform detection. The probe rod (4) and the probe (5) are both located inside the hollow shaft (2). The probe rod (4) is also equipped with a limiting structure to prevent the probe (5) and the probe rod (4) from shifting.

3. The device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The movable limiting structure includes a guide shaft (9), a first spring (10), and a limiting nut (11). The guide sleeve (7) has a groove inside, and the guide shaft (9) is slidably connected in the groove. One end of the guide shaft (9) passes through the groove and is fixedly connected to the probe seat (8). The first spring (10) is sleeved on the guide shaft (9), and the limiting nut (11) is threadedly connected to the end of the guide shaft (9) away from the first spring (10).

4. The device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are two of each of the slide groove and guide shaft (9) used to limit the radial movement of the probe (5). One end of the first spring (10) is connected to the probe seat (8) and the other end is connected to the guide sleeve (7). The limiting nut (11) is located in the slide groove to prevent the probe (5) from coming out.

5. The flaw detection device for hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing structure includes a mounting block (12), a limiting block (13), a moving block (14), a second spring, a first electromagnetic block (15), and a second electromagnetic block (16). The probe seat (8) has an installation groove (17) inside. The mounting block (12) is located in the installation groove (17) and is fixedly connected to the probe (5). Two limiting blocks (13) are movably connected inside the mounting block (12). The two limiting blocks (13) are fixedly connected to each other by the second spring. The two limiting blocks (13) are magnetically connected to the moving block (14) by the first electromagnetic block (15). The side of the two limiting blocks (13) away from the moving block (14) is inserted into the inner wall of the mounting groove (17). The top of the moving block (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove (17) by the second electromagnetic block (16), and the second electromagnetic blocks (16) are magnetically connected to each other.

6. The device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two limiting blocks (13) are symmetrically arranged around the center of the mounting block (12), and one side of the two limiting blocks (13) is attached to the moving block (14), and the attached side is an inclined surface. The second spring is located on both sides of the moving block (14). One end of the moving block (14) is located inside the mounting block (12), and the other end extends through the mounting groove (17) to the inner wall of the mounting groove (17).

7. The device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: A protective sleeve (18) is provided on the outside of the probe (4). The protective sleeve (18) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (3). A first electric push rod (19) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective sleeve (18). The first electric push rod (19) is located on both sides of the probe (4) and the probe (5). The bottom end of the first electric push rod (19) is connected to a movable sleeve (20) through a fixing block. The movable sleeve (20) is located on the outside of the probe seat (6), the probe seat (8) and the probe (5). The end of the movable sleeve (20) away from the probe (5) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the protective sleeve (18).

8. The device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: The defined structure includes a second electric push rod (21), a moving ring (22), a push rod (23), a movable block (24), a third spring (25), and a roller (26). The second electric push rod (21) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (3). The second electric push rod (21) is fixedly connected to the moving ring (22). The moving ring (22) is slidably connected to the protective sleeve (18). The push rod (23) is hinged to the moving ring (22). The movable block (24) is hinged to the push rod (23). One side of the movable block (24) is fixedly connected to the probe rod (4) through the third spring (25). The other side of the movable block (24) is rotatably connected to the roller (26).

9. The device for flaw detection of hollow axles of railway vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second electric push rod (21) is located on both sides of the protective sleeve (18). The push rod (23), the movable block (24), the third spring (25) and the roller (26) are all arranged in a circular array around the center of the moving ring (22). The movable block (24) is located on the outside of the protective sleeve (18) near the roller (26), and the other end extends through the protective sleeve (18) to the outside of the probe (4).

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