Lithium battery formation and grading method and device based on positive pressure cavity pressurization

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for lithium battery formation and capacity testing based on positive pressure chamber pressurization. The method includes the following steps: first, placing the battery cell to be formed in a sealed space; then, filling the sealed space with pressurized gas to raise the gas pressure in the sealed space to a preset pressure value, so as to apply uniform pressure to the surface of the battery cell using gas pressure; next, while maintaining the pressure in the sealed space, charging and discharging the battery cell to perform formation and capacity testing; after completing the formation and capacity testing, depressurizing the sealed space; finally, opening the sealed space and removing the battery cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery formation and capacity testing technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for lithium battery formation and capacity testing based on positive pressure chamber pressurization. Background Technology

[0002] In the production process of lithium batteries, formation and capacity testing are crucial steps that directly affect the battery's performance and consistency. Traditional lithium battery formation and capacity testing methods typically employ mechanical pressure devices, such as metal pressure plates combined with complex transmission structures, to apply pressure to the battery cells. However, this method has several drawbacks. On the one hand, mechanical pressure cannot guarantee completely uniform pressure applied to the surface of the battery cells; different areas experience varying pressure, leading to uneven reactions during the formation and capacity testing process, thus affecting the battery's consistency and performance. On the other hand, metal pressure plates and complex transmission structures increase the weight and manufacturing cost of the equipment, while wear and tear and malfunctions of mechanical components also affect the stability and reliability of the process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization, which can use gas pressure instead of mechanical pressure. According to Pascal's principle, the pressure transmitted by gas in all directions within a closed space is equal, thereby achieving highly uniform pressurization on the surface of the cell and significantly improving the formation consistency.

[0004] The present invention also proposes a lithium battery formation and capacity testing device based on positive pressure chamber pressurization for applying the above-mentioned lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization includes the following steps: first, placing the battery cell to be formed in a sealed space; then, filling the sealed space with pressurized gas to raise the gas pressure in the sealed space to a preset pressure value, so as to apply uniform pressure to the surface of the battery cell using the gas pressure; next, while maintaining the pressure in the sealed space, charging and discharging the battery cell to form a capacity test; after completing the capacity test, depressurizing the sealed space; and finally, opening the sealed space and removing the battery cell.

[0006] The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to the first aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: By using gas pressure instead of mechanical pressure, based on Pascal's principle, the pressure transmitted by gas in all directions within a sealed space is equal, which can provide a highly uniform pressure to the surface of the cell, effectively solving the problem of uneven pressurization in traditional mechanical pressure, improving the consistency of lithium battery formation and capacity testing, and thus improving the overall performance of the battery. Furthermore, it eliminates the traditional metal pressure plate and complex transmission structure, reducing the number and weight of equipment parts and lowering manufacturing costs. At the same time, the simplified equipment structure also reduces maintenance and repair costs, improving equipment reliability and service life. On the other hand, through the gas pressure regulation system, precise pressure control and closed-loop feedback are achieved, allowing for timely adjustment of the pressure within the sealed space according to the actual situation during the formation and capacity testing process, ensuring that the pressure is always maintained at a preset value, improving stability and reliability, reducing damage to the cell caused by pressure fluctuations, and guaranteeing the stability of battery quality.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the filling of the confined space with pressurized gas includes: Gas is introduced into the sealed space through a gas source, a gas pipeline, and at least one of a pressure control valve, a proportional valve, or a pressure regulating valve installed on the gas pipeline. Real-time monitoring of gas pressure within the sealed space; Based on the monitored pressure value, the opening degree of the pressure control valve, proportional valve, or pressure regulating valve is adjusted to control the inflation flow rate and pressure.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the real-time monitoring of gas pressure in the confined space includes: The air pressure is detected in real time by an air pressure sensor and / or pressure switch installed in the sealed space; And / or, the air pressure is detected in real time by an air pressure sensor and / or pressure switch installed on a pipe communicating with the sealed space.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, an airtightness testing step is further included before the pressurized gas is introduced into the confined space: Fill the enclosed space with detection gas to the preset detection pressure; The pressure is maintained for a preset time, and pressure changes within the sealed space are monitored. If the pressure drop exceeds the allowable threshold within the pressure holding time, the airtightness is deemed unqualified, and the first processing step is executed. If the pressure drop does not exceed the allowable threshold within the pressure holding time, the airtightness is deemed acceptable, and the second processing step is executed.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the first processing step includes at least one of the following: Stop subsequent processes and issue an airtightness alarm signal; Display a message indicating the location of the leak on the control interface; Automatic or manual triggering of the sealing structure to re-lock.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the second processing step includes: Expel the detection gas from the sealed space; or Maintain the detection gas pressure within the sealed space and proceed directly to the step of filling the sealed space with pressurized gas, wherein the detection gas and the subsequently filled pressurized gas are the same gas or compatible gas.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the reaction and compatibility process further includes: The step of real-time monitoring of environmental parameters within the enclosed space, wherein the environmental parameters include at least one of temperature, humidity, or smoke concentration.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the method further includes the step of performing status monitoring and / or alarm based on the monitored environmental parameters: An alarm signal is triggered when the monitored temperature or humidity exceeds the preset range, or when smoke is detected. Adjust the formation and capacity process parameters or activate safety protection measures based on changes in environmental parameters.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the step of depressurizing the confined space includes any one of the following: The gas in the sealed space is slowly discharged by a pressure relief valve installed on the sealed space; The gas in the sealed space can be quickly discharged by setting an exhaust port on the sealed space or by opening the sealing cover.

[0015] A lithium battery formation and capacity testing apparatus based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to a second aspect of the present invention, used for applying the lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization as described in any of the preceding claims, includes a support plate, a positive pressure chamber, and a pressurization mechanism. The support plate is used to place the battery cell to be formed, the positive pressure chamber has a sealed space, and the support plate is located within the sealed space. The pressurization mechanism is used to fill the sealed space with pressurized gas.

[0016] The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to the first aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: A pressure sensor detects the gas pressure in a sealed space in real time and accurately feeds back the pressure signal to the control unit. Based on the feedback pressure signal, the control unit dynamically adjusts the opening of the pressure control valve, proportional valve, or pressure regulating valve in the pressurization mechanism, thereby achieving precise closed-loop control of the charging flow and pressure. This control mechanism effectively avoids the pressure unevenness and fluctuation problems existing in traditional mechanical pressurization methods, ensuring that the battery cell always bears a uniform and stable preset pressure during the formation and capacity testing process, greatly improving the consistency of the process. Simultaneously, the environmental monitoring component acquires environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and smoke in the sealed space in real time, enabling the control unit to promptly detect potential safety hazards. Once environmental parameters exceed the preset range or smoke is detected, the control unit can immediately trigger an alarm signal or activate corresponding safety protection measures, thereby significantly improving the safety of the formation and capacity testing process. Overall, by integrating precise pressure control and comprehensive environmental monitoring functions, this device effectively solves the problems of insufficient control precision and lack of environmental monitoring in existing technologies, significantly improving the stability, consistency and safety of lithium battery formation and capacity testing processes, thereby helping to improve battery performance and lifespan.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of filling a sealed space with pressurized gas according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the airtightness testing steps according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery formation and capacity testing device based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to a second aspect embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 The main view.

[0019] Reference numerals: Positive pressure chamber 100; Housing 110; Sealing cover 120; Pressure sensor 130; Temperature sensor 140; Smoke alarm 150; Support plate 200; Pressurization mechanism 300; Control unit 400. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific content of the technical solution. In the description of this invention, the reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 This application proposes a lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization, comprising the following steps: The battery cells to be processed are placed in a sealed space; Pressurized gas is introduced into the sealed space to raise the gas pressure in the sealed space to a preset pressure value, so as to apply uniform pressure to the surface of the battery cell using gas pressure. While maintaining pressure within a sealed space, the battery cells are charged and discharged to achieve capacity testing. After the separation and dissolution are completed, the pressure in the confined space is released; Open the sealed space and remove the battery cell.

[0025] In practical applications, the battery cell to be processed is first placed in a sealed space. This sealed space is a container capable of withstanding a certain pressure and possessing good sealing properties, providing a closed environment for subsequent gas pressurization. In actual operation, the battery cell can be accurately placed in the designated position within the sealed space manually or using automated equipment to ensure its stable position during subsequent pressurization and capacity testing. Then, pressurized gas is introduced into the sealed space, raising the pressure to a preset value, thereby applying uniform pressure to the surface of the battery cell. This step is one of the core components of this invention. When pressurized gas is introduced into the sealed space, according to Pascal's principle, gas molecules uniformly transmit pressure in all directions within the sealed space. Because the battery cell is within the sealed space, each surface experiences uniform forces from the gas molecules, achieving a highly uniform pressurization effect. The preset pressure value is pre-set based on the characteristics of the battery cell and the requirements of the capacity testing process. By precisely controlling the amount and rate of gas injection, the pressure within the sealed space can accurately reach the preset value. For example, a pressure sensor can monitor the air pressure in a confined space in real time and feed the monitoring data back to the control system. The control system can then adjust the amount of gas introduced based on the feedback data to achieve precise control of the air pressure.

[0026] While maintaining pressure within the sealed space, the battery cell is charged and discharged to perform formation and capacity testing. Simultaneously, pressurized gas applies uniform pressure to the battery cell, which is then charged and discharged using a connected charging and discharging device. Under this uniform pressure, the internal chemical reaction within the cell becomes more uniform, facilitating the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface film and improving battery performance and consistency. Throughout the formation and capacity testing process, the gas pressure regulation system continuously monitors the gas pressure within the sealed space and performs closed-loop feedback regulation based on a preset pressure value. If the gas pressure changes, the system automatically adjusts the amount of gas injected or discharged to ensure that the pressure within the sealed space remains at the preset value, thereby guaranteeing the stability of the formation and capacity testing process.

[0027] After the cell has completed its capacity testing, the sealed space is depressurized. Once the cell has completed capacity testing, the pressure inside the sealed space needs to be reduced to normal atmospheric pressure to facilitate subsequent cell removal. This depressurization process can be achieved by controlling a pressure relief valve. The valve is opened slowly to allow the gas inside the sealed space to gradually escape, preventing damage to the cell due to rapid pressure changes. Finally, the sealed space is opened, and the cell is removed. After the air pressure inside the sealed space has dropped to normal atmospheric pressure, the door or cover of the sealed space is opened, and the completed capacity testing cell is removed manually or using automated equipment, completing the entire capacity testing process.

[0028] Understandably, by utilizing gas pressure instead of mechanical pressure, based on Pascal's principle that gas exerts equal pressure in all directions within a confined space, a highly uniform pressure can be applied to the cell surface. This effectively solves the problem of uneven pressurization in traditional mechanical pressure systems, improving the consistency of lithium battery formation and capacity testing, thereby enhancing the overall battery performance. Furthermore, it eliminates traditional metal pressure plates and complex transmission structures, reducing the number and weight of equipment components and lowering manufacturing costs. Simultaneously, the simplified equipment structure reduces maintenance and repair costs, improving reliability and lifespan. On the other hand, the gas pressure regulation system enables precise pressure control and closed-loop feedback, allowing for timely adjustments to the pressure within the confined space based on actual conditions during the formation and capacity testing process. This ensures the pressure remains at a preset value, improving stability and reliability, reducing damage to the cells caused by pressure fluctuations, and guaranteeing battery quality stability.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 The specific steps for filling a confined space with gas include: filling the space with gas through a gas source, a gas pipeline, and at least one of a pressure control valve, a proportional valve, or a pressure regulating valve installed on the gas pipeline; simultaneously monitoring the gas pressure in the confined space in real time; and adjusting the opening of the corresponding valve according to the monitored pressure value to control the gas flow rate and pressure.

[0030] In practical applications, the gas source is first turned on, and the gas flows into the sealed space through a gas delivery pipeline. A pressure control valve is installed on the gas delivery pipeline. During the inflation process, a pressure sensor installed in the sealed space monitors the gas pressure in real time and feeds the pressure value back to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the opening of the pressure control valve based on the difference between the preset pressure value and the monitored pressure value. If the monitored pressure is lower than the preset value, the valve opening is increased to increase the inflation flow rate; if the monitored pressure is higher than the preset value, the valve opening is decreased to reduce the inflation flow rate. The gas source provides the gas required for inflation; the gas delivery pipeline serves as the channel for gas transmission; the pressure control valve is a key component for controlling the inflation flow rate, and it can adjust its opening in real time based on pressure feedback to ensure that the pressure in the sealed space remains stable at the preset value, thereby improving the accuracy of pressure control during the formation and capacity preparation process.

[0031] In other embodiments, gas enters the sealed space through a proportional valve via a gas delivery pipeline. A pressure sensor monitors the pressure within the sealed space in real time and transmits the data to the control unit. Based on the deviation between the preset pressure and the actual monitored pressure, the control unit outputs a control signal according to a preset proportional control algorithm, adjusting the opening of the proportional valve to precisely control the gas flow rate and pressure. A proportional valve is a valve that can continuously and proportionally control the output pressure and flow rate based on an input electrical signal. The control signal output by the control unit is proportional to the opening of the proportional valve; by changing the magnitude of the control signal, the opening of the proportional valve can be precisely adjusted, achieving precise control of the gas flow rate and pressure.

[0032] In other embodiments, gas enters the sealed space through a gas supply line and a pressure regulating valve. During inflation, the pressure regulating valve automatically adjusts its opening based on the pressure within the sealed space. When the pressure in the sealed space is lower than the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the valve opening increases, increasing the inflation flow rate; when the pressure reaches the set pressure, the valve opening decreases to maintain pressure stability.

[0033] This application further proposes a method for real-time monitoring of gas pressure within a confined space, including real-time detection of gas pressure via a pressure sensor and / or pressure switch installed within the confined space, and / or real-time detection of gas pressure via a pressure sensor and / or pressure switch installed on a pipeline connected to the confined space. In embodiments of this application, a pressure sensor is installed only within the confined space. During the formation and volumetric separation process, the pressure sensor installed within the confined space continuously operates, sensing the gas pressure within the confined space in real time and converting the pressure signal into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the control unit. The control unit receives and processes these signals to obtain the real-time pressure value within the confined space. The pressure sensor converts gas pressure into an electrical signal based on a specific sensing principle. By measuring the change in the electrical signal, the gas pressure value within the confined space can be obtained. The control unit processes and analyzes the electrical signal to achieve real-time pressure monitoring.

[0034] In other embodiments, a pressure switch installed in a confined space operates according to a preset pressure threshold. When the gas pressure in the confined space reaches or exceeds the upper limit threshold of the pressure switch, the pressure switch activates and sends a signal to the control unit; when the pressure falls below the lower limit threshold of the pressure switch, the pressure switch activates again and sends a corresponding signal. The control unit determines the pressure status based on the received signals.

[0035] In some other embodiments, pressure sensors can also be provided simultaneously in a sealed space and on a pipeline connected to the sealed space. The pressure sensors in the sealed space and on the pipeline connected to the sealed space work simultaneously, respectively measuring the gas pressure at their respective positions in real time and transmitting the pressure signals to the control unit. The control unit comprehensively analyzes and processes the data of the two pressure sensors to obtain a more accurate pressure condition in the sealed space. The two pressure sensors work based on the same sensing principle, converting the gas pressure into an electrical signal. Since there is a certain correlation between the pressures in the sealed space and the pipeline, there may be slight differences due to factors such as gas flow and local resistance. By measuring the pressures at two positions simultaneously and performing comprehensive analysis, the actual pressure in the sealed space can be more accurately reflected.

[0036] Referring to Figure 3 , the present application further proposes an airtightness detection step before filling a pressurized gas into the sealed space, including filling a detection gas into the sealed space to a preset detection pressure, maintaining the pressure for a preset time and monitoring the pressure change, determining whether the airtightness is qualified according to whether the pressure drop value exceeds the allowable threshold, and respectively performing corresponding processing steps. Specifically, first, the gas source is opened, and the detection gas is filled into the sealed space through the gas transmission pipeline to make the pressure in the sealed space reach the preset detection pressure. Then, the gas filling is stopped, and the pressure holding stage is entered, maintaining the pressure for a preset time. During the pressure holding process, the pressure change in the sealed space is monitored in real time through the pressure sensor. After the pressure holding ends, the pressure values at the start and end of the pressure holding are compared, and the pressure drop value is calculated. If the pressure drop value exceeds the allowable threshold, it is determined that the airtightness of the sealed space is unqualified, and the first processing step is executed; if the pressure drop value does not exceed the allowable threshold, it is determined that the airtightness is qualified, and the second processing step is executed.

[0037] It can be understood that the airtightness detection is based on the maintenance of the gas pressure in the sealed space. If the sealed space has good airtightness, during the pressure holding process, since there is no gas leakage, the pressure basically remains unchanged; if there is a leakage situation, the gas leakage will cause the pressure in the sealed space to drop. By monitoring the pressure change and calculating the pressure drop value and comparing it with the allowable threshold, it can be determined whether the airtightness of the sealed space is qualified.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the first processing step includes at least one of stopping the subsequent process and sending an airtightness alarm signal; displaying prompt information about the leakage location on the control interface; automatically or manually triggering the re-locking operation of the sealing structure.

[0039] When the airtightness of the confined space is determined to be substandard, the control unit immediately issues an instruction to stop subsequent processes such as filling the confined space with pressurized gas and performing volumetric composition. Simultaneously, the control unit triggers an alarm device, issuing an airtightness alarm signal, such as an audible alarm or flashing lights, to alert the operators. Through the control unit's commands and the alarm device's prompts, the timely cessation of subsequent processes and the issuance of alarm signals when airtightness is not met effectively prevents production accidents and quality problems caused by air leaks, ensuring the smooth operation of the production process.

[0040] In other embodiments, when the airtightness test fails, the system uses built-in diagnostic programs or sensor feedback to identify potential leak locations. The control unit then transmits the leak location information to the control interface, displaying it in text, graphics, or other intuitive ways to facilitate quick problem localization by operators. By displaying leak location information on the control interface, operators can quickly pinpoint airtightness issues and perform targeted repairs, improving troubleshooting efficiency and accuracy and ensuring production continuity.

[0041] In other embodiments, when an airtightness failure is detected, the system can be set to automatic or manual mode to trigger a re-locking operation of the sealing structure. In automatic mode, the control unit directly issues commands to drive the relevant actuators to re-lock the sealing structure; in manual mode, the operator issues commands through the control interface or operation buttons to control the actuators to complete the re-locking of the sealing structure. Automatic or manual triggering of the sealing structure re-locking operation provides a fast and effective method for resolving airtightness failure issues. By adjusting the state of the sealing structure, the airtightness of the confined space is improved, ensuring the normal operation of the formation and capacity testing process and reducing losses caused by production interruptions and equipment maintenance.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the second processing step includes venting the detection gas from the sealed space; or maintaining the pressure of the detection gas in the sealed space and directly proceeding to the step of filling the sealed space with pressurized gas, wherein the detection gas and the subsequently filled pressurized gas are the same gas or compatible gas. Specifically, after determining that the airtightness of the sealed space is qualified, the control unit issues a command to open the exhaust port provided on the sealed space or start the exhaust device to slowly vent the detection gas in the sealed space. During the exhaust process, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the sealed space in real time. When the pressure drops to near atmospheric pressure, the exhaust port is closed or the exhaust device is stopped to complete the exhaust operation, and then preparations are made for the subsequent steps of filling with pressurized gas and forming a volumetric precipitator.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, after the airtightness test is passed, if the test gas and the subsequently added pressurized gas are the same or compatible gases, the control unit maintains the test gas pressure in the sealed space unchanged and directly issues a command to start filling the sealed space with pressurized gas. During the filling process, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure change in real time, and the control unit adjusts the filling flow rate according to the preset pressure value, so that the pressure in the sealed space gradually increases to the pressure required for formation and capacity testing. Since the test gas and the subsequent pressurized gas are the same or compatible, there is no need to replace the gas. Maintaining the test gas pressure avoids the time wasted and pressure fluctuations caused by refilling, and directly enters the filling and pressurization stage, so that the pressure in the sealed space quickly reaches the requirements for formation and capacity testing. This optimizes the process flow, improves production efficiency, and ensures stable pressure control during the formation and capacity testing process, which is beneficial to improving battery quality and production efficiency.

[0044] This application further proposes a step of real-time monitoring of environmental parameters within a confined space during the formation and composition process. These environmental parameters include at least one of temperature, humidity, or smoke concentration. Specifically, during the formation and composition process, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a smoke alarm installed within the confined space operate continuously. The temperature sensor measures the temperature within the confined space in real time and converts the temperature signal into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the control unit. The humidity sensor measures the humidity and converts it into an electrical signal for transmission. The smoke alarm detects the smoke concentration and issues an electrical signal when the concentration exceeds a set value. The control unit receives these electrical signals and acquires real-time environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and smoke concentration within the confined space.

[0045] Understandably, temperature sensors accurately measure the temperature within a confined space, providing data support for temperature control during the formation and capacity testing process; humidity sensors monitor humidity in real time to prevent excessively high or low humidity levels from adversely affecting the battery cells and the formation and capacity testing process; and smoke detectors promptly detect smoke, preventing fires and other safety accidents. By monitoring these environmental parameters in real time, a comprehensive understanding of the environmental conditions within the confined space can be achieved, providing a basis for process control and safety assurance.

[0046] This application further proposes steps for status monitoring and / or alarm based on monitored environmental parameters: when the monitored temperature or humidity exceeds a preset range, or smoke is detected, an alarm signal is triggered; then, based on changes in environmental parameters, the formation and capacity testing parameters are adjusted or safety protection measures are activated. Specifically, this alarm signal can take various forms, such as through audible and visual alarm devices like buzzers or warning lights, while simultaneously displaying warning information visually on the operating interface to alert operators. Furthermore, to achieve remote monitoring and timely notification, the alarm signal can also be sent to the remote monitoring system or the mobile terminals of relevant personnel via a network communication module, such as via SMS, email, or application push notifications, ensuring that even when operators are not on-site, they can be informed of abnormal situations immediately, thus gaining valuable time for timely response and handling, and effectively preventing the escalation of accidents.

[0047] Furthermore, the system can intelligently adjust the formation and capacity testing process parameters or activate safety protection measures based on the changing trends or abnormal levels of environmental parameters. When an upward trend in temperature is detected but has not yet reached the alarm threshold, the system can automatically adjust the formation and capacity testing process parameters, such as appropriately reducing the charging and discharging current, adjusting the charging and discharging voltage range, or extending the settling time, to slow down the electrochemical reaction rate, reduce heat generation, and thus prevent further temperature increases. When environmental parameters become abnormal to a certain extent, such as a sharp rise in temperature or the detection of smoke, the system will immediately activate more stringent safety protection measures, including but not limited to: immediately stopping the charging and discharging process of the battery cells, cutting off the relevant power supply, activating the forced cooling system to rapidly reduce the temperature in the confined space, and even, in extreme cases, injecting inert gas into the confined space to suppress the risk of fire, thereby maximizing the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0048] This application further proposes that the depressurization process for a confined space includes any of the following: slowly discharging the gas from the confined space through a pressure relief valve installed on the confined space; or rapidly discharging the gas from the confined space through an exhaust port installed on the confined space or by opening the sealing cover. Specifically, the most suitable depressurization mode can be selected based on the type of battery cell to be formed, its sensitivity to pressure changes, the specific requirements of the formation and capacity testing stage, or considerations for production efficiency. In practical applications, a smoother depressurization process is required for critical thawing during battery cell charging and discharging, or for certain battery cells that are extremely sensitive to pressure changes; this selectivity can be achieved by slowly releasing pressure through a pressure relief valve. For other battery cells or in certain non-critical stages, prioritizing efficiency can be considered, and rapid depressurization can be achieved by opening the exhaust port or directly opening the sealing cover.

[0049] A second aspect of this application also proposes a lithium battery formation and capacity testing device based on positive pressure chamber pressurization. This device includes a support plate 200, a positive pressure chamber 100, a pressurizing mechanism 300, an environmental monitoring component, a pressure sensor 130, and a control unit 400. The support plate 200 is used to hold the battery cells to be formed. The positive pressure chamber 100 includes a housing 110 and a sealing cover 120 that is openable and closable with the housing 110. When the sealing cover 120 is closed, it and the housing 110 together form a sealed space, within which the support plate 200 is located. The pressurizing mechanism 300 is connected to the positive pressure chamber 100 and includes a gas source, a gas pipeline, and at least one of a pressure control valve, a proportional valve, or a pressure regulating valve disposed on the gas pipeline, for filling the sealed space with pressurized gas. The environmental monitoring component is disposed within the positive pressure chamber. Chamber 100 is used to acquire real-time environmental data within a confined space. The environmental monitoring components include one or more of a temperature sensor 140, a humidity sensor, and a smoke detector 150. A pressure sensor 130 is installed in the positive pressure chamber 100 and / or the gas supply pipeline to detect the gas pressure within the confined space in real time. The control unit 400 is electrically connected to the pressurization mechanism 300 and the pressure sensor 130 to control the pressurization mechanism 300 to operate based on the signal fed back by the pressure sensor 130, so as to maintain the pressure within the confined space within a preset range.

[0050] Understandably, the carrier plate 200 is a planar structure used to stably place the battery cells to be formed. The carrier plate 200 can also be designed with multiple positioning slots, positioning posts, or clamping components to quickly position and fix battery cells of different sizes or shapes, ensuring that the battery cells are stable in position during the pressurization process, thereby ensuring that the battery cells can be evenly stressed during the formation and capacity testing process.

[0051] The positive pressure chamber 100 consists of a housing 110 and a sealing cover 120. The sealing cover 120 is connected to the housing 110 via a mechanical locking mechanism or a pneumatic sealing mechanism, and a sealing ring is provided to ensure the airtightness of the sealed space. When the housing 110 and the sealing cover 120 are closed, a sealed space is formed, in which the support plate 200 and the battery cell are located. The housing 110 and the sealing cover 120 can adopt an integrated casting or welding structure to improve overall strength and airtightness. The sealing cover 120 can be top-opening or side-opening for convenient loading and unloading of the battery cell.

[0052] The pressurization mechanism 300 is responsible for filling the sealed space with pressurized gas and controlling its pressure. It mainly includes a gas source, a gas delivery pipeline, and at least one of a pressure control valve, a proportional valve, or a pressure regulating valve. The gas source can be a high-pressure gas cylinder, an air compressor, or a gas generator, providing a stable supply of high-pressure gas. The gas delivery pipeline connects the gas source to the positive pressure chamber 100, and the pressure control valve, proportional valve, or pressure regulating valve is used to precisely regulate the gas flow rate and pressure entering the sealed space.

[0053] An environmental monitoring component is used to monitor environmental parameters within a confined space in real time, including one or more of a temperature sensor 140, a humidity sensor, and a smoke detector 150. The temperature sensor 140 can be a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector (RTD), or a semiconductor temperature sensor, used to detect the real-time temperature within the confined space. The humidity sensor can be a capacitive humidity sensor or a resistive humidity sensor, used to detect the real-time humidity within the confined space. The smoke detector 150 can be a photoelectric smoke sensor or an ionization smoke sensor, used to detect the presence of smoke within the confined space as a safety warning. These sensors can be integrated into a single module, transmitting data to the control unit 400 via wired or wireless means, or they can be distributed at different locations within the confined space to obtain more comprehensive environmental data.

[0054] A pressure sensor 130 is used to detect the gas pressure in the sealed space in real time. The pressure sensor 130 can be installed on the wall of the positive pressure chamber 100 or connected to the chamber via a short pipe. Alternatively, the pressure sensor 130 can be installed near the inlet of the gas supply line near the positive pressure chamber 100, indirectly reflecting the pressure inside the chamber by measuring the pressure in the line. The control unit 400 is the core intelligent component of the entire device, electrically connected to the pressurization mechanism 300 and the pressure sensor 130. The control unit 400 is responsible for receiving the signal from the pressure sensor 130 and controlling the operation of the pressurization mechanism 300 according to preset control logic to maintain the pressure in the sealed space within a preset range.

[0055] The device can detect the gas pressure in the sealed space in real time via the pressure sensor 130 and accurately feed this pressure signal back to the control unit 400. Based on the feedback pressure signal, the control unit 400 dynamically adjusts the opening of the pressure control valve, proportional valve, or pressure regulating valve in the pressurization mechanism 300, thereby achieving precise closed-loop control of the inflation flow and pressure. This control mechanism effectively avoids the pressure unevenness and fluctuation problems existing in traditional mechanical pressurization methods, ensuring that the battery cell always bears a uniform and stable preset pressure during the formation and capacity testing process, greatly improving the consistency of the process. Simultaneously, the environmental monitoring component acquires environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and smoke in the sealed space in real time, enabling the control unit 400 to promptly detect potential safety hazards. Once environmental parameters exceed the preset range or smoke is detected, the control unit 400 can immediately trigger an alarm signal or activate corresponding safety protection measures, thereby significantly improving the safety of the formation and capacity testing process. Overall, by integrating precise pressure control and comprehensive environmental monitoring functions, this device effectively solves the problems of insufficient control precision and lack of environmental monitoring in existing technologies, significantly improving the stability, consistency and safety of lithium battery formation and capacity testing processes, thereby helping to improve battery performance and lifespan.

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for forming and capacity testing lithium batteries based on positive pressure chamber pressurization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The battery cells to be processed are placed in a sealed space; Pressurized gas is introduced into the sealed space to raise the gas pressure in the sealed space to a preset pressure value, so as to apply uniform pressure to the surface of the battery cell using gas pressure. While maintaining the pressure within the sealed space, the battery cell is charged and discharged to perform capacity testing; After the separation and dissolution are completed, the pressure in the sealed space is released; Open the sealed space and remove the battery cell.

2. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of filling the confined space with pressurized gas includes: Gas is introduced into the sealed space through a gas source, a gas pipeline, and at least one of a pressure control valve, a proportional valve, or a pressure regulating valve installed on the gas pipeline. Real-time monitoring of gas pressure within the sealed space; Based on the monitored pressure value, the opening degree of the pressure control valve, proportional valve, or pressure regulating valve is adjusted to control the inflation flow rate and pressure.

3. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 2, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring of gas pressure within the confined space includes: The air pressure is detected in real time by an air pressure sensor and / or pressure switch installed in the sealed space; And / or, the air pressure is detected in real time by an air pressure sensor and / or pressure switch installed on a pipe communicating with the sealed space.

4. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before filling the sealed space with pressurized gas, an airtightness test step is also included: Fill the enclosed space with detection gas to the preset detection pressure; The pressure is maintained for a preset time, and pressure changes within the sealed space are monitored. If the pressure drop exceeds the allowable threshold within the pressure holding time, the airtightness is deemed unqualified, and the first processing step is executed. If the pressure drop does not exceed the allowable threshold within the pressure holding time, the airtightness is deemed acceptable, and the second processing step is executed.

5. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first processing step includes at least one of the following: Stop subsequent processes and issue an airtightness alarm signal; Display a message indicating the location of the leak on the control interface; Automatic or manual triggering of the sealing structure to re-lock.

6. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second processing step includes: Expel the detection gas from the sealed space; or Maintain the detection gas pressure within the sealed space and proceed directly to the step of filling the sealed space with pressurized gas, wherein the detection gas and the subsequently filled pressurized gas are the same gas or compatible gas.

7. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of forming a mixture also includes: The step of real-time monitoring of environmental parameters within the enclosed space, wherein the environmental parameters include at least one of temperature, humidity, or smoke concentration.

8. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes steps for status monitoring and / or alarms based on the monitored environmental parameters: An alarm signal is triggered when the monitored temperature or humidity exceeds the preset range, or when smoke is detected. Adjust the formation and capacity process parameters or activate safety protection measures based on changes in environmental parameters.

9. The lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of depressurizing the confined space includes any one of the following: The gas in the sealed space is slowly discharged by a pressure relief valve installed on the sealed space; The gas in the sealed space can be quickly discharged by setting an exhaust port on the sealed space or by opening the sealing cover.

10. A lithium battery formation and capacity testing apparatus based on positive pressure chamber pressurization, used for applying the lithium battery formation and capacity testing method based on positive pressure chamber pressurization as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The carrier plate (200) is used to place the battery cells to be formed; A positive pressure chamber (100) has a sealed space, and the support plate (200) is located in the sealed space; A pressurizing mechanism (300) is used to fill the sealed space with pressurized gas.

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