Polyolefin pipe comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and a hydrazide

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for transporting chlorinated water, the method comprising the step of conveying the water through a pipe made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and a hydrazide of formula (I) as defined herein. The present invention also relates to a pipe for transporting chlorinated water, wherein the pipe is made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and a hydrazide of formula (I); a method for preparing a pipe, the method comprising contacting a polyolefin, a hydrotalcite mineral and a hydrazide of formula (I); and the use of a hydrotalcite mineral and a hydrazide of formula (I) for stabilizing a pipe made of a polyolefin against chlorinated water.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a method for transporting chlorinated water, the method comprising the step of conveying the water through a pipe made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and an acylhydrazine having formula (I) as defined herein. The invention also relates to a pipe for transporting chlorinated water, wherein the pipe is made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and an acylhydrazine having formula (I); a method for preparing the pipe comprising contacting the polyolefin, the hydrotalcite mineral, and the acylhydrazine having formula (I); and the use of the hydrotalcite mineral and the acylhydrazine having formula (I) to stabilize the pipe made of the polyolefin against chlorinated water.

[0002] Chlorine-based disinfectants are extremely effective in eliminating waterborne diseases in cold water transport and hot water pipes, but they can also degrade stable systems, leading to leaks shortly after installation. Several potential problems can frequently arise when polyolefin pipes come into contact with chlorinated water: chlorinated water can cause the polyolefin pipe material to degrade over time. This can lead to brittleness, cracking, and reduced overall strength. Chlorinated water can chemically react with polyolefin materials, causing them to decompose and weaken. This can lead to pipe leaks or bursts. The combination of chlorine exposure and the resulting degradation and chemical reactions can significantly shorten the lifespan of polyethylene pipes in contact with chlorinated water. To mitigate these problems, properly designed and approved polyolefin pipes specifically designed for chlorinated water applications must be used. Furthermore, regular inspection, maintenance, and monitoring of the pipes can help identify any signs of degradation or damage and allow for timely repair or replacement. The purpose of this invention is to overcome these problems.

[0003] This objective is achieved by a method for transporting chlorinated water, the method comprising the step of conveying the water through a pipe made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and an acylhydrazine having formula (I).

[0004] (I).

[0005] This objective is achieved by a pipeline for transporting chlorinated water, wherein the pipeline is made of a polyolefin comprising hydrotalcite mineral and an acylhydrazine having formula (I).

[0006] This objective is achieved by a method for preparing a pipe, which involves contacting a polyolefin, a hydrotalcite mineral, and an acylhydrazine having formula (I).

[0007] This objective is achieved through the use of hydrotalcite minerals and hydrazides of formula (I) to stabilize pipes made of polyolefins against chlorinated water.

[0008] Acylhydrazides having formula (I) may have the chemical name 2',3-bis[[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyl]]propionylhydrazide, N,N'-bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl]hydrazide, 1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazide, 1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazide, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid 2-[3-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropyl]hydrazide, or CAS number 32687-78-8.

[0009] The concentration of hydrazide in the polyolefin can be 0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

[0010] The weight ratio of hydrotalcite mineral to hydrazide can be 5:1 to 1:5, preferably 3:1 to 1:3, and especially 2:1 to 1:2.

[0011] Suitable hydrotalcite minerals are mixed hydroxides having the formula (HI) or (H-II).

[0012] M 2+ 1-a M 3+ a (OH)2(A b- ) a / b xc H2O(HI)

[0013] M 2+ d Al 3+ 2(OH) 2d+6-eb (A b- ) e xf H20(H-II)

[0014] in

[0015] M 2+ For example, Ca 2+ Mg 2+ 、Sr 2+ Ba 2+ Zn 2+ Pb 2+ Sn 2+ or Ni 2+ ,

[0016] M 3+ For example, Al 3+ B 3+ Or Bi 3+,

[0017] 'a' is, for example, a number up to 0.5.

[0018] A b- It is an anion with a oxidation state of b, such as Cl. - ,Br - NO 3- CO3 2- SO4 2- or SeO4 2- ,

[0019] b is an integer, for example, from 1 to 4.

[0020] c is, for example, 0 or a number up to 2.

[0021] d is, for example, a number up to 6.

[0022] e is, for example, a number up to 2, and

[0023] f is, for example, 0 or a number up to 15.

[0024] Hydrotalcite minerals can be layered double hydroxides, containing a positively charged hydroxide layer and a charge-balancing anion located in the interlayer region. In another form, hydrotalcite minerals are selected from hydrotalcite, hydroxycarbocobalt-nickel ore, hydroxycarbomanganese-magnesium ore, styraxite, styraxite, styraxite, styraxite, and styraxite, or synthetic hydrotalcite.

[0025] Hydrotalcite minerals are preferably at least one magnesium aluminum hydroxide carbonate hydrate, for example as Hycite ® 713、 ® DHT-4A, ® DHT-4V, ® DHT-4A-2, ® DHT-4C or Sorbacid ® 911 is commercially available; or zinc aluminum hydroxide carbonate hydrate, which, for example, is used as... ® ZHT-4V or Sorbacid ® 944 is commercially available; or mixtures thereof. Of particular interest is magnesium aluminum hydroxide carbonate hydrate, which, for example, is used as a hydrate. ® 713 or DHT-4V are commercially available.

[0026] Hydrotalcite minerals may have a heavy metal content of less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm.

[0027] Hydrotalcite minerals can have a bulk density of 100 to 500 g / l, preferably 200 to 400 g / l, and especially 250 to 350 g / l.

[0028] Hydrotalcite minerals can be found in powder form.

[0029] The concentration of hydrotalcite mineral in the polyolefin can be 0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

[0030] Polyolefins may contain hindered amine light stabilizers containing triazine residues, which are also referred to herein as component A).

[0031] Component A) In particular, at least one compound having the formula (A1), (A-II), or (A-III).

[0032] (AI)

[0033] Where A 11 It is C2-C 18 Alkylene, C5-C7 cycloalkylene, or C1-C4 alkylene di(C5-C7 cycloalkylene),

[0034] Group A 12 They are hydrogen and C1-C, which are independent of each other. 12 Alkyl or C5-C 12 cycloalkyl,

[0035] A 13 and A 14 They are hydrogen and C1-C, which are independent of each other. 12 Alkyl, C5-C 12 Cycloalkyl groups or groups having formula (a-1),

[0036] (a-1)

[0037] Or group A 13 and A 14 Together with the nitrogen atoms they are bonded to, they form 5- to 10-membered heterocycles, and

[0038] a1 is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 20, and the repeating units are the same or different;

[0039] (A-II)

[0040] Where A 21 and A 25 They are hydrogen and C1-C, which are independent of each other. 12 Alkyl, C5-C 12 Cycloalkyl groups or groups having formula (a-1),

[0041] A 22 A 23 and A24 C2-C are independent of each other. 10 alkylene, and

[0042] X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 are groups that independently have formula (a-2).

[0043] (a-2)

[0044] Where A 26 It is hydrogen, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C5-C 12 Cycloalkyl groups or groups having formula (a-1) as defined above, and A 27 Having A 12 One of the meanings;

[0045] (A-III)

[0046] in

[0047] R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen and C1-C 22 Alkyl, -O . -OH, -CH2CN, C1-C 18 Alkoxy groups, C2-C groups substituted with -OH 18 Alkoxy; unsubstituted or C5-C substituted with one, two or three C1-C4 alkyl groups on the phenyl group. 12 Cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 alkenoxy, C7-C9 phenylalkyl; or C1-C8 acyl; and

[0048] R3 and R4 are independently C1-C 22 Alkyl groups or groups having formula (a-3)

[0049] (a-3)

[0050] R0 has one of the meanings of R1 and R2.

[0051] Examples of alkyl groups having up to 22 carbon atoms are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecanyl, octadecyl, and eicosyl.

[0052] C1-C 18 Alkoxy groups are, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy, octoxy, decoxy, dodecoxy, tetradecoxy, hexadecoxy, or octadecoxy.

[0053] C2-C replaced by -OH 18 Alkyl groups are, for example, 2-hydroxyethoxy groups.

[0054] C5-C 12 The cycloalkyl group is, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, or cyclododecyl. C5-C8 cycloalkyl groups are preferred, especially cyclohexyl.

[0055] C5-C 12 The cycloalkoxy group is, for example, cyclopentoxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptoxy, cyclooctoxy, cyclodecoxy, or cyclododecoxy. C5-C8 cycloalkoxy groups are preferred, especially cyclopentoxy and cyclohexyloxy groups.

[0056] The C3-C6 alkenyl group is, for example, allyl, 2-methylallyl, butenyl, pentenyl, or hexenyl. Allyl is preferred. The carbon atom at position 1 is preferably saturated.

[0057] C3-C6 olefinic groups are, for example, propenyl olefinic groups.

[0058] The unsubstituted or C7-C9 phenylalkyl group substituted with one, two or three C1-C4 alkyl groups on the phenyl group is, for example, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, methylbenzyl, dimethylbenzyl, trimethylbenzyl or tert-butylbenzyl.

[0059] Examples of C1-C8 acyl groups are formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, hexanoyl, heptayl, octanoyl, acrylyl, methacrylyl, and benzoyl. C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 enoyl, and benzoyl groups are preferred. Acetyl and acrylyl groups are particularly preferred.

[0060] Examples of alkylene groups having up to 18 carbon atoms are ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, hexamethylene, trimethylhexamethylene, and octamethylene. C2-C6 alkylene groups are preferred, especially hexamethylene.

[0061] An example of a C5-C7 cyclohexene is the cyclohexene group.

[0062] An example of C1-C4 alkylene di(C5-C7 cycloalkylene) is methylene dicyclohexylene.

[0063] Preferred examples of 5- to 7-membered heterocycles are morpholine groups.

[0064] The meaning of the terminal group saturated with free valence in a compound having formula (AI) depends on the method used to prepare it. The terminal group can also be modified after the preparation of the compound.

[0065] If a compound having formula (AI) is prepared by: making a compound having the following formula

[0066] ,

[0067] Where X0 is, for example, a halogen, especially chlorine, and A 13 and A 14 It is as defined above, reacting with compounds having the following formula

[0068]

[0069] Where A 11 and A 12 If, as defined above, the terminal group bonded to the diamino group is, for example, hydrogen or...

[0070]

[0071] And the terminal group bonded to the triazine group is, for example, X0 or

[0072] .

[0073] If X0 is a halogen, it is advantageous to replace the halogen with, for example, -OH or an amino group when the reaction is complete. Examples of amino groups that may be mentioned are pyrrolid-1-yl, morpholino, -NH2, -N(C1-C8)alkyl)2 and -NR0(C1-C8 alkyl), where R0 is hydrogen or a group having formula (Ia).

[0074] One of the preferred compounds having formula (I)

[0075]

[0076] Where E1 is E2 is And a1 is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 10.

[0077] According to a preferred embodiment,

[0078] A 11 It is C2-C 10 Alkylene

[0079] Group A 12 Each of them is independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, or cyclohexyl.

[0080] A 13 and A 14 Each of these groups is independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, cyclohexyl, or a group having formula (a-1).

[0081] (a-1)

[0082] Or group A 13 and A 14 Together with the nitrogen atoms they are bonded to, they form morpholino groups, and

[0083] a1 is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 10, and the repeating units are the same or different;

[0084] A 21 and A 25 Each of them is independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, or cyclohexyl.

[0085] A 22 A 23 and A 24 C2-C are independent of each other. 10 alkylene, and

[0086] X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 are groups that independently have formula (a-2).

[0087] (a-2)

[0088] Where A 26 It is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, cyclohexyl, or a group having formula (a-1) as defined above, and A 27 Having A 12 One of the meanings;

[0089] R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, or cyclohexyl; and

[0090] R3 and R4 are independently C1-C4 alkyl groups or groups having formula (a-3).

[0091] (a-3)

[0092] R0 has one of the meanings of R1 and R2.

[0093] According to a further preferred embodiment, component A) is a compound having the formula (AI-1), (AI-2), (A-II-1), or (A-III-1).

[0094] (AI-1)

[0095] Where a1 is 2 to 10,

[0096] (AI-2)

[0097] Where a1 is 2 to 10,

[0098] (A-II-1)

[0099] X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 are functional groups. ,

[0100] (A-III-1).

[0101] The weight ratio of component A to hydrazide can be 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 5:1 to 1:5, and especially 2:1 to 1:2.

[0102] The concentration of component A) in the polyolefin can be 0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

[0103] Polyolefin pipes may additionally contain phenolic antioxidants, such as 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, ethylene bis[3,3-bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], pentaerythritol tetra(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) or 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate.

[0104] Polyolefin pipes may additionally contain phenolic antioxidants, particularly 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, ethylene bis[3,3-bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], or 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate.

[0105] The weight ratio of phenolic antioxidants to hydrazides can be 10:1 to 1:2, preferably 6:1 to 1:1, and especially 4:1 to 2:1.

[0106] The concentration of phenolic antioxidants in polyolefins can be 0.01 to 2 wt%, preferably 0.05 to 0.8 wt%, and particularly 0.1 to 0.5 wt%.

[0107] The polyolefin pipe may further include a co-oxidant, which is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phosphites, phosphonites, hydroxylamine, tocopherol, and tocopheryl acetate. Preferably, the co-oxidant is a phosphite or phosphonate, particularly a phosphite.

[0108] Suitable phosphites are, for example, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, [3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl]-[3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-phenyl)-propyl]-phosphite, and [2,2'-ethylidene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,1'-diyl]-[1,6-dimethyl-4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite. Ester, [2,2'-ethylidene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,1'-diyl]-[1-methyl-6-tert-butyl-4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl)-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one)-phenyl]-phosphite or 6-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propoxy]-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyldibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphatane, or bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite.

[0109] Preferably, the auxiliary antioxidant is a phosphite of bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite or tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite.

[0110] Preferably, the auxiliary antioxidant is a phosphite of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.

[0111] The weight ratio of the auxiliary antioxidant to the hydrazide can be 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 5:1 to 1:5, and especially 2:1 to 1:2.

[0112] The concentration of the auxiliary antioxidant in the polyolefin can be 0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

[0113] Polyolefins can contain

[0114] -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt% of hydrazide;

[0115] -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt% of hydrotalcite minerals;

[0116] -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%, of a hindered amine light stabilizer containing triazine residues;

[0117] -0.01 to 2 wt%, preferably 0.05 to 0.8 wt%, and particularly 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, of phenolic antioxidants; and

[0118] -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and especially 0.05 to 0.3 wt% of auxiliary antioxidants.

[0119] According to a preferred embodiment, the polyethylene pipe may additionally contain pigments, preferably white (e.g., titanium dioxide), blue, or black (e.g., carbon black) pigments. Typically, the pigments are used in a final amount of 0.5% to 5% by weight, preferably 1.5% to 3.0% by weight.

[0120] The polyethylene pipe according to the present invention may further contain one or more conventional additives, such as:

[0121] 1. Antioxidants

[0122] 1.1. Alkylated monophenolsFor example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di -tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols with straight or branched side chains, such as 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundecane-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadecane-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylpentadecane-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltetrazane-1'-yl)phenol, and mixtures thereof.

[0123] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenol Examples include 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, and 2,6-bis-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.

[0124] 1.3. Hydroquinone and Alkylated Hydroquinone Examples include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-pentylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, and bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate.

[0125] 1.4. Tocopherol Examples include α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).

[0126] 1.5. Hydroxylated diphenyl thioethers Examples include 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-pentylphenol), and 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0127] 1.6. AlkylbisphenolFor example, 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'- Ethylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis( 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecyl mercaptobutane, bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene, [Butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl] terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-dodecyl mercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

[0128] 1.7. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds Examples include 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxybenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, and isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate.

[0129] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonateExamples include bis-octadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, bis-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, and bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

[0130] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds For example, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene and 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

[0131] 1.10. Triazine compounds For example, 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyaniline)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyaniline)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy) 1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

[0132] 1.11. Benzylphosphonates For example, calcium salts of dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, bis-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, bis-octadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, and monoethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate.

[0133] 1.12. Acetaminophenol Examples include 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearoylanilide, and N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.

[0134] 1.13. Esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with the following:Monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tri(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalamide, 3-thioundecanol, 3-thiopentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0135] 1.14. Esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with the following: Monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tri(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalamide, 3-thioundecanol, 3-thiopentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

[0136] 1.15. Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with the following: Monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, dithioethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tri(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalamide, 3-thioundecanol, 3-thiopentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0137] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with the following: Monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, dithioethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tri(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalamide, 3-thioundecanol, 3-thiopentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0138] 1.17. Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acidFor example, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxalamide (Naugard ® XL-1, supplied by Uniroyal.

[0139] 1.18. Amine antioxidants For example, N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methyl-3 ... N-(p-heptanyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfonyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyl diphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine (e.g., p,p'-di-tert-octyl diphenylamine), 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-dec ... Octanoylaminophenol, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanidine, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyl diphenylamine mixtures Mixtures, mixtures of monoalkylated and dialkylated nonyl diphenylamine, mixtures of monoalkylated and dialkylated dodecyl diphenylamine, mixtures of monoalkylated and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyl diphenylamine, mixtures of monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-butyl diphenylamine, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixtures of monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octylphenothiazine, mixtures of monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-octyl-phenothiazine, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene.

[0140] 2. UV absorbers and light stabilizers

[0141] 2.1. 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole For example, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-pentyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyl)-[2-ethylhexyl] ... [2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]- 2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylene-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazole-2-ylphenol]; transesterification products of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 300; , where R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazole-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole; 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole.

[0142] 2.2. 2-HydroxybenzophenoneExamples include 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octoxy, 4-decoxy, 4-dodecoxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.

[0143] 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids Examples include 4-tert-butyl-phenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, benzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

[0144] 2.4. Acrylates Examples include ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-carbonylmethoxycinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl α-methoxycarbonyl-p-methoxycinnamate, N-(β-methoxycarbonyl-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline, and neopentyl tetrakis(α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate).

[0145] 2.5. Steric Hindered AminesExamples include bis(1-undecoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) carbonate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, and bis(1-octoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate. Sebacic acid ester, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonic acid ester, condensate of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)hydantoin triacetate, tetra(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1 2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidinyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonic acid Ester, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, bis(1-octoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) sebacate, bis(1-octoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) succinate, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5] A mixture of decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Registry No. [136504-96-6]); N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 -piperidinyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane, the reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyloxycarbonyl)- 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylene, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)hexamethylenediamine, diesters of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid and 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)]siloxane, maleic anhydride-α-olefin copolymers with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine The products are: 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, and Sanduvor (Clariant; CAS Registry No. [106917-31-1]).

[0146]

[0147] 2.6. Benzooxazinone derivatives For example, 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one] (CAS No. 018600-59-4).

[0148] 2.7. OxalideExamples include 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxalylaniline, 2,2'-diethoxyoxalylaniline, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyloxalylaniline, 2,2'-bis-dodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyloxalylaniline, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxalylaniline, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxalamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethyloxalylaniline and mixtures thereof with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butyloxalylaniline, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxalylanilines, and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxalylanilines.

[0149] 2.8. 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazineFor example, 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propoxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2- Hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tetrazoloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy / tetrazolyl)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine [2-hydroxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1 3,5-Triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1-oxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-[2-ethylhexyloxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-(2-ethyl-(n-)-hexyloxy)phenol.

[0150] 3. Formamidin and oxalamide For example, ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-N'-ethyl-N'-phenylformamidinium or N,N'-diphenyloxazone.

[0151] 5. HydroxylamineExamples include N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-bis-tetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-bis-hexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-bis-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine, and N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from plants.

[0152] 6. Amine oxides Examples include N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-bis-tetradecylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-bis-hexadecylhydroxylamine oxide, N,N-bis-octadecylhydroxylamine oxide, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine oxide, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine oxide, and N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine oxide derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.

[0153] 7. Nitroketone Examples include N-benzyl-α-phenyl nitrone, N-ethyl-α-methyl nitrone, N-octyl-α-heptyl nitrone, N-lauryl-α-undecyl nitrone, N-tetradecyl-α-tetrazyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-pentadecanyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-pentadecanyl nitrone, N-heptadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, and nitrone derived from N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.

[0154] 8. Thio-synergists Examples include dilaurate thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearate thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol tetra[3-(dodecyl thio)propionate], or distearate disulfide.

[0155] 9. Peroxide scavengers For example, esters of β-thiodipropionic acid, such as lauryl ester, stearyl ester, myristyl ester or tridecyl ester, mercaptobenzimidazole, or zinc salts of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, bis-octadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetra(β-dodecylmercapto)propionate.

[0156] 10. Alkaline stabilizers Examples include melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids (e.g., calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate), antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate, and zeolites.

[0157] 11. Nucleating agentExamples of suitable materials include inorganic substances such as talc, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, preferably phosphates, carbonates, or sulfates of alkaline earth metals; organic compounds such as monocarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids and their salts, such as 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate, or sodium benzoate; and polymer compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers). Particularly preferred are 1,3:2,4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzyl)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-bis(p-methylbenzyl)sorbitol, and 1,3:2,4-bis(benzyl)sorbitol. β-nucleating agents are also of interest.

[0158] 12. Fillers and reinforcing agents Examples include calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, carbon fibers, glass beads, asbestos, talc (preferably with a particle size of 0.01 to 20 µm), kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, graphite, wood flour and other natural product powders or fibers, and synthetic fibers.

[0159] 13. Other additives Examples include plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, rheology modifiers, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic agents, and foaming agents.

[0160] 14. Benzofuranones and indolones For example, those disclosed in the following items: US 4,325,863; US 4,338,244; US 5,175,312; US 5,216,052; US 5,252,643; DE-A-4316611;

[0161] DE-A-4316622; DE-A-4316876; EP-A-0589839; EP-A-0591102; EP-A-1291384, or 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5,7-di-tert-butyl Suitable benzofuranones include 3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-neopentyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, and 3-(2-acetyl-5-isooctylphenyl)-5-isooctylbenzofuran-2-one. Suitable benzofuranones also include compounds identified in WO 2015 / 121445.

[0162] The polyolefin of the pipe can be polyethylene or polypropylene, preferably polyethylene, especially cross-linked polyethylene, such as polyethylene cross-linked with peroxide. The polyethylene used in the pipe is preferably selected from mixtures of HD-PE, MD-PE, LD-PE, LLD-PE, metallocene PE, PE-X, PE, recycled PE, bimodal PE, PE-RT, PE 32, PE 40, PE 63, PE 80, PE 100, PE 112, PE 125, PE100 RC, PE 100 RT, and PE 100 RD, particularly from high-density polyethylene (HD-PE), medium-density polyethylene (MD-PE), low-density polyethylene (LD-PE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLD-PE), metallocene polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X), recycled polyethylene, bimodal polyethylene, and mixtures of polyethylene. Cross-linked polyethylene pipes are commonly used for domestic hot and cold water (10°C–115°C) and radiant heating applications.

[0163] Chlorinated water is typically treated with chlorine dioxide, chlorine, hypochlorite, chloramine, and mixtures thereof, with typical concentrations ranging from 0.01 mgl / L to 4 mgl / L, preferably from 0.1 to 0.8 mg / L.

[0164] Chlorine content can be analyzed using potentiometry, which typically uses electrodes to generate a potential difference proportional to the chlorine concentration. This potential difference can be measured using a pH meter or a voltmeter.

[0165] Chlorinated water can be used in domestic, municipal, or industrial applications. It can be used in non-pressurized to high-pressure pipeline applications. It can be used for drinking or non-drinking water, for general-purpose water or wastewater.

[0166] The improved stability of pipes made of polyolefins can be tested, for example, in accelerated aging tests (such as oxidation-induced time, OIT) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-6. During a typical OIT test, a small sample of the material is heated in the presence of air or an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The temperature is gradually increased, and the time taken for the material to undergo oxidative degradation (as indicated by a significant increase in heat release) is recorded as OIT.

[0167] Chlorinated water can be transported through a pipeline by conventional means, such as applying high pressure (e.g., by hydrostatic pressure) or low pressure at a point in the pipeline.

[0168] Water can be transported through pipes using various methods, including gravity flow, pressure-driven flow, suction or vacuum, and hydraulic systems. The choice of method depends on factors such as desired flow rate, pressure requirements, distance, elevation changes, and the purpose of the water transport. Gravity flow can be used when there is a natural slope or elevation difference, allowing water to flow through the pipe under the force of gravity. Pressure-driven flow typically involves pumping water into the pipe under pressure, generating a driving force that propels the water through the pipe. In some cases, such as siphoning or certain industrial processes, suction or vacuum pressure can be used to transport water through pipes. Hydraulic systems typically use pumps, valves, and controllers to control the flow and direction of water through pipes and are commonly used in large-scale industrial applications.

[0169] The present invention also relates to a conduit for transporting chlorinated water, wherein the conduit is made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and an acylhydrazine having formula (I). Preferably, the weight ratio of the hydrotalcite mineral to the acylhydrazine is 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably 3:1 to 1:3, and particularly 2:1 to 1:2. Preferably, the concentration of the acylhydrazine in the polyolefin is 0.01 to 1 wt%, more preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

[0170] Pipes can have common sizes used in residential plumbing systems, such as 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 32 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm diameters. These pipes typically vary in length from 25 meters to 100 meters. However, the size and length of the polyethylene pipes required for a plumbing system project depend on factors such as water pressure, flow rate, and the distance between the water source and the fixed installation to which the water is supplied.

[0171] Pipes commonly used in industrial piping systems typically range in size from 20 mm to 1200 mm or even larger. These pipes are designed to handle high-pressure applications and are available in different pressure ratings (such as PN6, PN10, PN16, etc.) to meet specific requirements. The length of polyethylene pipes used in industrial applications can vary significantly. They are typically available in standard lengths of 6 meters or 12 meters.

[0172] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a pipe, the method comprising contacting a polyolefin, a hydrotalcite mineral, and an acylhydrazine having formula (I). Contact can be achieved by conventional means such as extrusion.

[0173] The present invention also relates to the use of hydrotalcite minerals and acylhydrazides having formula (I) for stabilizing pipes made of polyolefins to resist chlorinated water. Example

[0174] Chimassorb® 2020: The reaction product of 1,6-hexanediamine, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-polymer with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, with N-butyl-1-butylamine and N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine, with a molar weight of 2600-3400 g / mol.

[0175] Hydrotalcite A: Magnesium / Aluminum Hydrotalcite.

[0176] Irganox® 1330: 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene.

[0177] Irganox® 3114: 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurate

[0178] Irgafos® 168: Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.

[0179] Acylhydrazides of formula (I):

[0180] (I).

[0181] Example 1: Preparation of test samples

[0182] The mixture of unstable high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and one of the following blends, A or B, is mixed using a high-speed mixer. The given concentration refers to the concentration of the corresponding additive in the polyethylene.

[0183] Blend A:

[0184] -0.3% Irganox® 1330

[0185] -0.1% hydrotalcite A

[0186] -0.1% Chimassorb® 2020

[0187] -0.1% Irgafos® 168

[0188] -0.1% of acylhydrazides of formula (I)

[0189] Blend B:

[0190] -0.3% Irganox® 3114

[0191] -0.1% hydrotalcite A

[0192] -0.1% Chimassorb® 2020

[0193] -0.1% Irgafos® 168

[0194] -0.1% of acylhydrazides of formula (I)

[0195] The obtained complete formulation was then compounded on an extruder at 240°C and then injection molded on an injection molding machine at 230°C to prepare a molded substrate (40 mm x 60 mm x 2 mm).

[0196] For comparison, samples 2-4 were prepared with the compositions described in Table 1.

[0197] Example 2: Exposure to chlorinated water

[0198] Injection-molded substrates (40 mm x 60 mm x 2 mm) were exposed to hot chlorinated water (pH = 7, chlorine content 2.5 ppm) at 60°C at a flow rate of 100 l / h. Initial OIT values ​​and OIT values ​​after one month of exposure were determined. Retention percentages are summarized in Table 1.

[0199] Data shows that blends A and B maintained the expected high OIT retention rates after one month. For comparison, the OIT retention rate decreased when certain components in blend A were removed or substituted.

[0200] Table 1

[0201]

[0202] a) Comparison of data.

Claims

1. A method for transporting chlorinated water, the method comprising the step of conveying the water through a pipe made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and an acylhydrazine having formula (I). (I)。 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The weight ratio of the hydrotalcite mineral to the hydrazide is 5:1 to 1:5, preferably 3:1 to 1:3, and especially 2:1 to 1:

2.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The concentration of the hydrazide in the polyolefin is 0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The concentration of the hydrotalcite mineral in the polyolefin is 0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The polyolefin contains an auxiliary antioxidant, which is preferably a phosphite, more preferably bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite or tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, and especially tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The weight ratio of the auxiliary antioxidant to the hydrazide is 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 5:1 to 1:5, and particularly 2:1 to 1:

2.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The polyolefin contains phenolic antioxidants, preferably 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, ethylidene bis[3,3-bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], pentaerythritol tetra(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) or 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurate.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The weight ratio of the phenolic antioxidant to the hydrazide is 10:1 to 1:2, preferably 6:1 to 1:1, and especially 4:1 to 2:

1.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The polyolefin contains a hindered amine light stabilizer with triazine residues.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, These hindered amine light stabilizers containing triazine residues are at least one compound having the formula (AI), (A-II), or (A-III). (A-I) Where A 11 It is C2-C 18 Alkylene, C5-C7 cycloalkylene, or C1-C4 alkylene di(C5-C7 cycloalkylene), Group A 12 They are hydrogen and C1-C, which are independent of each other. 12 Alkyl or C5-C 12 cycloalkyl, A 13 and A 14 They are hydrogen and C1-C, which are independent of each other. 12 Alkyl, C5-C 12 Cycloalkyl groups or groups having formula (a-1), (a-1) Or group A 13 and A 14 Together with the nitrogen atoms they are bonded to, they form 5- to 10-membered heterocycles, and a1 is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 20, and the repeating units are the same or different; (A–II) Where A 21 and A 25 They are hydrogen and C1-C, which are independent of each other. 12 Alkyl, C5-C 12 Cycloalkyl groups or groups having formula (a-1), A 22 A 23 and A 24 C2-C are independent of each other. 10 alkylene, and X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 are groups that independently have formula (a-2). (a-2) Where A 26 It is hydrogen, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C5-C 12 Cycloalkyl groups or groups having formula (a-1) as defined above, and A 27 Having A 12 One of the meanings; (A-III) in R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen and C1-C 22 Alkyl, -O . -OH, -CH2CN, C1-C 18 Alkoxy groups, C2-C groups substituted with -OH 18 Alkoxy; unsubstituted or C5-C substituted with one, two or three C1-C4 alkyl groups on the phenyl group. 12 Cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 alkenoxy, C7-C9 phenylalkyl; or C1-C8 acyl; and R3 and R4 are independently C1-C 22 Alkyl groups or groups having formula (a-3) (a-3) R0 has one of the meanings of R1 and R2.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The weight ratio of the hindered amine light stabilizer containing triazine residues to the acylhydrazine can be 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 5:1 to 1:5, and particularly 2:1 to 1:

2.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The polyolefin contains pigments, preferably blue or black pigments.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The polyolefin may contain -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt% of the hydrazide; -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt% of the hydrotalcite mineral; -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt% of the hindered amine light stabilizer containing triazine residues; -0.01 to 2 wt%, preferably 0.05 to 0.8 wt%, and particularly 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of the phenolic antioxidant; as well as -0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt% of this auxiliary antioxidant.

14. A conduit for transporting chlorinated water as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the conduit is made of a polyolefin comprising a hydrotalcite mineral and an acylhydrazine having formula (I). (I)。 15. The pipe according to claim 14, wherein, The weight ratio of the hydrotalcite mineral to the hydrazide is 5:1 to 1:5, preferably 3:1 to 1:3, and especially 2:1 to 1:

2.

16. The conduit according to claim 14 or 15, wherein, The concentration of the hydrazide in the polyolefin is 0.01 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, and particularly 0.05 to 0.3 wt%.

17. A method for preparing a pipe as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16, the method comprising contacting the polyolefin, the hydrotalcite mineral, and the acylhydrazine having formula (I).

18. The use of hydrotalcite minerals as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13 and acylhydrazides having formula (I) for stabilizing pipes made of polyolefins to resist chlorinated water.

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