Preparation method and application of light high-breathable sugar hollow fiber membrane mask material

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method of a light high-breathable sugar hollow fiber membrane mask material and application thereof, and the preparation comprises the following steps: weighing glucose or similar sugars, collecting and forming a fiber membrane through a melt spinning method or a centrifugal spinning method; then the fiber membrane is placed in an organic solvent containing an acyl chloride crosslinking agent for crosslinking; after the crosslinking, the sugar fiber membrane is placed in an aqueous silver nitrate solution to obtain a hollow fiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles, and after washing, the sugar hollow fiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles is dried through ethanol replacement to obtain a mask material. The application relates to a mask material based on a sugar hollow fiber membrane, and the material not only has excellent protection performance, but also has the characteristics of good breathability, light and thin texture and comfortable wearing breathability. Meanwhile, the fiber membrane can be naturally degraded, and environmental pollution is not caused, so that the mask material is a novel mask material integrating environmental protection, comfort and high filtration performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mask materials for air filtration, specifically relating to a method for preparing a lightweight, highly breathable sugar hollow fiber membrane mask material and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing demands for air quality protection and personal health, the use and demand for masks have continued to expand, making disposable masks an essential daily protective item. However, existing traditional masks are composed of polypropylene, which is not easily degradable and easily produces microplastics. Inhalation of microplastics may pose potential health risks, and they also pose environmental pollution, health hazards, and performance defects, making it difficult to balance protective effectiveness, user experience, and environmental safety. Regarding environmental pollution, traditional mask filter materials are mostly non-degradable polymers (such as polypropylene), with electret meltblown nonwoven fabric as the mainstream filter layer. After disposal, these materials tend to accumulate and decompose into microplastics over a long period, becoming a significant source of environmental pollution. Even masks claiming to be degradable have problems with slow degradation and potentially toxic byproducts, easily causing secondary pollution and creating waste disposal challenges. In terms of health risks, plastic filter materials easily produce microplastic particles during use. Long-term accumulation after inhalation may damage the respiratory system and pose potential carcinogenic risks. Furthermore, electret meltblown fabric has charge dissipation defects, which reduce filtration performance and increase the risk of microplastic shedding and inhalation, thus limiting safety. In terms of performance, electrostatic filter materials quickly lose their charge and fail when exposed to moisture, while nano-sieve filter materials experience large air pressure drops and are prone to pore blockage, both resulting in poor breathability and significantly impacting wearing comfort and durability. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new type of breathable mask material to address pollution and health risks at their source, combining lightweight, comfort, high breathability, and efficient filtration to meet high-quality protection requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for preparing a lightweight, highly breathable hollow fiber membrane mask material. The mask material prepared by this invention not only has a simple preparation process, but also has excellent filtration performance, good antibacterial effect, and is lighter. Compared with traditional materials, it has better breathability and is more comfortable, as well as good self-degradability and biocompatibility, and does not cause the harm of microplastics.

[0004] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing a lightweight, highly breathable hollow fiber membrane mask material, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) Weigh glucose or other monosaccharides or oligosaccharides, and collect them to form micro-nano sugar fiber membranes by melt spinning, centrifugal spinning or melt-blown spinning;

[0006] (2) The sugar fiber membrane is cross-linked in an organic solvent containing acyl chloride cross-linking agents;

[0007] (3) Wash the cross-linked fiber membrane to obtain a sugar hollow fiber membrane, or immerse the cross-linked fiber membrane directly into an aqueous solution containing silver ions to obtain a fiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles, or immerse it directly into an aqueous solution.

[0008] (5) The treated fiber membrane is soaked, and then the water is replaced with ethanol and dried to obtain a sugar hollow fiber membrane or a sugar hollow fiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles, which is a lightweight and highly breathable sugar hollow fiber membrane mask material. Finally, it is assembled with non-woven fabric to form a complete mask.

[0009] The other monosaccharides mentioned in step (1) include any one or more of ribose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and erythrose; the oligosaccharides include any one or more of raffinose, cellobiose, isomaltose, and maltose.

[0010] In step (1), the temperature range of melt spinning or melt centrifugal spinning is between 50℃ and 300℃, and the centrifugal spinning speed is usually between 2000 rpm and 10000 rpm.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), a centrifugal spinning machine is used for spinning, with a rotation speed of 2000 rpm to 10000 rpm, a temperature of 50-300℃, and a filament diameter of 0.14mm-0.55mm; melt spinning is performed using an injection device with a heating device, with a temperature of 50℃-300℃.

[0012] In step (2), the organic solvent is preferably any one or more of petroleum ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform.

[0013] In step (2), the acyl chloride crosslinking agent preferably includes any one or more of phthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, 1,3,5-benzenetriacyl chloride, succinyl chloride, glutaryl chloride, adipicoyl chloride, and pimecroyl chloride.

[0014] In step (2), the crosslinking temperature is between 0 and 40°C, and the crosslinking time is 4 to 96 hours.

[0015] As the preferred option, the crosslinking temperature is 30°C and the reaction time is 48 hours.

[0016] In step (4), the silver ion solution is silver nitrate with a concentration of 50 mg / L-300 mg / L; the unreacted monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the fibers dissolve in the silver nitrate aqueous solution to form hollow fibers, and under the action of the reducing groups of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, silver nitrate is reduced to silver nanoparticles.

[0017] Further, in step (4), the reduced silver nanoparticles are obtained by soaking glucose micro-nanofibers in a solution containing 50 mL of 100 mg / L silver ions for 3 hours. The uncrosslinked glucose in the center acts as a reducing agent to reduce the silver ions into silver nanoparticles, thereby giving the fibers antibacterial ability.

[0018] In step (5), pure ethanol is used for replacement, followed by vacuum drying, which avoids the cumbersome and costly freeze drying process and also avoids problems such as collapse and adhesion of hollow structures.

[0019] In step (5), the final non-woven fabric assembly is a good example of how non-woven fabric, as the outer shell of a mask, can provide protection, hydrophobicity, and a protective filter layer, while also being breathable, crisp, easy to process, and low-cost.

[0020] The application of the lightweight, highly breathable sugar hollow fiber membrane mask material described in this invention in the preparation of everyday face masks and air filter membranes.

[0021] The application of the mask material described in this invention in medical masks.

[0022] This invention proposes a method for preparing glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes as medical antibacterial mask materials. First, the membranes are spun in a centrifugal spinning machine, then cross-linked in an organic solvent solution containing a cross-linking agent to obtain glucose fibers. Subsequently, using uncross-linked glucose within the fibers as a reducing agent, silver ions are reduced to silver nanoparticles in an aqueous solution, which then adhere to the fiber surface, giving the glucose fibers their antibacterial effect. Unlike other traditional mask materials, glucose-based hollow fibers can be mass-produced without environmental pollution throughout the process. Using glucose as a raw material, there is no risk of microplastic inhalation during use, and it poses no harm to the human body. This material combines ultra-lightweight texture with excellent dust removal performance, while also being skin-friendly, lightweight, easily degradable, environmentally friendly, and free from microplastic hazards. Its comprehensive performance is superior to most mask substrates on the market, highly aligning with current green and sustainable development concepts, laying a solid foundation for the large-scale production and practical industrial application of this type of functional material.

[0023] This invention utilizes glucose as the main material, cross-linked with acyl chloride cross-linking agents, to create a hollow glucose micro / nanofiber material. Because the hydroxyl groups in glucose are nucleophilic, while the carbonyl carbon atom in glutaryl chloride carries a partial positive charge and is electrophilic, during the reaction, the lone pair electrons on the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group attack the carbonyl carbon atom in glutaryl chloride, forming a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the intermediate undergoes an elimination reaction, with chloride ions leaving to generate ester bonds and hydrogen chloride (HCl). Unreacted glucose is then washed away, finally forming hollow micro / nanofiber fibers. These hollow glucose fibers possess advantages such as light weight, large specific surface area, good air permeability, and excellent biocompatibility.

[0024] This invention is based on the hollow structure of glucose hollow micro / nanofibers, which inherently possess advantages in adsorbing smoke and dust. The excellent dust removal effect of hollow micron-sized fibers lies in the synergistic effect of their structural and dimensional advantages. The hollow design gives the fibers double surfaces, significantly increasing the specific surface area and allowing more dust in the airflow to come into contact with a unit weight of fiber. The micron-sized tube wall has a porous structure with precisely controllable pore size, which can directly intercept large particles such as PM10 and retain small particles such as PM2.5, avoiding filtration leakage. Multiple fibers intertwine to form a three-dimensional network structure, forcing the airflow to detour and prolonging the contact time between dust and fibers. At the same time, it removes dust through multiple mechanisms such as interception (large particles), inertial collision (medium particles), and diffusion effect (small particles). The hollow structure reduces airflow resistance, and the three-dimensional gaps increase dust holding capacity, achieving both high-efficiency dust removal and long-term stable use. Due to its simple preparation method, it can be mass-produced.

[0025] This invention is based on the preparation of glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes. Due to the safety and environmental friendliness of its raw materials, good biocompatibility, and easy biodegradability, the prepared fiber membrane poses no harm to the human body. When used in masks, glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes offer advantages over traditional polyethylene fiber membranes, better meeting user experience, potential safety, and environmental protection requirements. Derived from natural raw materials, it has good biocompatibility, is non-irritating to the skin, and avoids the allergies and itching problems that polyethylene fibers may cause. Furthermore, glucose hollow micro / nanofibers have stronger moisture absorption, absorbing exhaled moisture and reducing the stuffy and damp feeling inside the mask, improving comfort during prolonged wear. Polyethylene fibers, on the other hand, have poor moisture absorption and easily accumulate sweat. Simultaneously, its surface can be easily modified to introduce charges or porous structures, enhancing the adsorption of PM2.5 and other particles, with potential for improved filtration efficiency. Moreover, it is biodegradable after disposal, without environmental burden, while polyethylene fibers are difficult to degrade, easily causing environmental pollution and subsequent microplastic pollution.

[0026] Simultaneously, silver nanoparticles are loaded onto the surface of glucose hollow micro / nanofibers to enhance their antibacterial and dust-removing properties. These silver nanoparticles slowly release silver ions in water, body fluids, or humid environments; the smaller the particle size and the larger the specific surface area, the stronger the silver ion release rate and antibacterial activity. The released silver ions can penetrate the bacterial cell wall (cell membrane) and enter the cell. On one hand, they bind to the sulfhydryl groups of bacterial enzymes, inactivating them and blocking bacterial energy metabolism and substance synthesis. On the other hand, they bind to bacterial DNA, disrupting its structure and replication function. This dual action inhibits bacterial proliferation and leads to bacterial death, achieving an antibacterial effect.

[0027] This invention modifies glucose fiber membranes through cross-linking, creating a unique hollow structure. The lightweight nature of this glucose hollow fiber membrane makes it more suitable for practical mask applications than traditional polyethylene fiber. Firstly, it reduces the burden of wearing masks, preventing ear loop pain and facial pressure marks caused by weight for medical staff, commuters, and other individuals who need to wear masks for extended periods, significantly improving wearing tolerance. Secondly, its lightweight nature does not compromise breathability—the hollow structure itself facilitates airflow, and the lightweight property further reduces airflow resistance, minimizing stuffiness and moisture buildup inside the mask, balancing comfort and easy breathing. Furthermore, while lightweight, it maintains its structure, conforming to facial contours and preventing collapse due to excessive softness, thus ensuring effective dust removal and antibacterial properties.

[0028] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] This invention provides, for the first time, a method for fabricating a glucose-based hollow micro / nanofiber membrane and, for the first time, uses this material in a medical antibacterial mask. The invention obtains the fiber membrane through a simple cross-linking process and further utilizes unreacted glucose to reduce silver ions, enhancing its antibacterial properties. The preparation process is simple, rapid, and inexpensive. The solvents used, such as ethanol and petroleum ether, are recyclable, avoiding environmental pollution and harm to human health caused by the use of toxic solvents. This provides possibilities for the industrial preparation and practical application of such materials.

[0030] This invention features a hollow fiber membrane. Hollow fibers have a large specific surface area, and their internal hollow structure creates abundant pores. This unique structure makes it easier to intercept smoke and dust. The advantage of hollow fibers in intercepting smoke and dust stems from the synergistic effect of their unique hollow structure and porous characteristics: the hollow design gives the fiber double surfaces, significantly increasing the specific surface area and allowing for more thorough contact with dispersed smoke and dust particles in the airflow; the micron-level porous tube wall allows for precise control of the pore size, intercepting large particles of smoke and dust larger than PM10, while also adsorbing fine dust particles smaller than PM2.5 (such as ultrafine smoke and dust produced by combustion) through the pores. Combined with the three-dimensional mesh structure formed by the interwoven fibers, it can also temporarily store smoke and dust to prevent clogging. At the same time, through the synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms such as interception, inertial collision (for medium and coarse dust), and diffusion effect (for fine dust), it achieves efficient interception while the hollow cavity reduces airflow resistance and the three-dimensional gaps increase dust holding capacity, balancing smooth ventilation and long-term use requirements, making it suitable for scenarios with mixed smoke and dust particles that require continuous filtration. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 SEM image of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared in this invention;

[0032] Figure 2Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) images of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared in this invention before and after preparation;

[0033] Figure 3 SEM image of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane loaded with silver particles prepared in this invention;

[0034] Figure 4 The antibacterial effect of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared in this invention is shown in the figure.

[0035] Figure 5 Comparison of dust removal rates of glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes with different spinning pore sizes;

[0036] Figure 6 Comparison of air permeability of glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes with different spinning pore sizes;

[0037] Figure 7 Comparison of quality factors of different spinning pore sizes in glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes;

[0038] Figure 8 Comparison of dust removal rates of glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes at different spinning speeds;

[0039] Figure 9 Comparison of air permeability of glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes at different spinning speeds;

[0040] Figure 10 Comparison of quality factors of glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes at different spinning speeds;

[0041] Figure 11 Comparison of dust removal rates of single and double-layer glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes;

[0042] Figure 12 Comparison of air permeability of single and double-layer glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes;

[0043] Figure 13 Comparison of quality factors of single and double-layer glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes;

[0044] Figure 14 Comparison of smoke and dust removal rates between glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes and commercial face masks;

[0045] Figure 15 Comparison of breathability between glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes and commercial face masks;

[0046] Figure 16 Comparison of quality factors between glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membranes and commercial face masks;

[0047] Figure 17 Degradation experiments of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared in this invention;

[0048] Figure 18 A real-life image of a hollow fiber membrane. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the embodiments are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials are commercially available.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the embodiments are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials are commercially available.

[0052] Among them, glucose, ribose, galactose, mannose, fucose, erythrose, raffinose, cellobiose, isomaltose, maltose petroleum ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, phthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, 1,3,5-benzenetriacyl chloride, succinyl chloride, glutaryl chloride, adipicoyl chloride, and pimecroyl chloride all come from Shanghai Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] A method for preparing medical antibacterial mask material based on glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane loaded with silver nanoparticles is as follows:

[0055] (1) Glucose (3g) was placed in a centrifugal spinning machine and centrifuged at 8000 rpm and 130°C. The diameter of the filament outlet was 0.14 mm to obtain glucose fiber. Then, it was placed in a crosslinking agent of petroleum ether and succinyl chloride (volume ratio 80:1) for crosslinking. After crosslinking at 30°C for 48 h, it was taken out and the residual solvent was washed off.

[0056] (2) Immerse glucose micro-nanofibers in 50 mL of 100 mg / L silver ion solution. Immerse at room temperature for 3 hours, then wash with water, replace with pure ethanol, and then vacuum dry to obtain a fiber membrane with antibacterial effect, namely glucose micro-nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles. Figure 18 ).

[0057] Figure 1The SEM image of the glucose-based hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared for use as a mask material in this invention shows a large number of fibers in a disordered, interwoven state. These fibers are entangled with each other, forming a dense three-dimensional network structure with numerous pores distributed within it. This structure provides a foundation for efficient dust removal—the ultra-large specific surface area allows for full contact with dust, the porous nature enables precise interception of particles of different sizes, and the three-dimensional network gaps can also store dust, preventing rapid clogging. This is a typical characteristic of high-efficiency filter materials such as hollow fibers at the microscopic level.

[0058] Figure 2 The images show Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) images of the glucose micro / nanofiber membrane prepared in this invention before and after preparation (glucose crystal morphology and cross-linked hollow fiber morphology). The images show that at 3350 cm⁻¹... -1 Region: Uncrosslinked glucose exhibits a significant broad peak at this wavenumber, corresponding to the stretching vibration of the hydroxyl group (-OH), indicating that the glucose molecule contains a large number of free hydroxyl groups in the uncrosslinked state. After crosslinking, this peak weakens significantly, indicating that the hydroxyl groups participate in the crosslinking reaction, and the number of free hydroxyl groups is greatly reduced. 1730cm -1 Region: The cross-linked sample exhibits a strong absorption peak at this wavenumber, corresponding to the stretching vibration of the carbonyl group (C=O). This indicates that carbonyl-containing functional groups (such as ester groups and aldehyde groups) are generated during the cross-linking process, which is a characteristic structural change of the cross-linking reaction. The uncross-linked sample shows no obvious peak at this region, further confirming the functional group reconstruction caused by cross-linking. This demonstrates that after glucose is cross-linked, the hydroxyl groups participate in the reaction and generate carbonyl functional groups, achieving molecular structure modification, changing the original water solubility of glucose, and explaining its hollow fiber formation.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A method for loading silver particles onto a glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane.

[0061] (1) Glucose (15g) was placed in a centrifugal spinning machine and centrifuged at 8000 rpm and 130°C. The diameter of the filament outlet was 0.14 mm to obtain glucose fiber. Then, it was placed in a crosslinking agent of petroleum ether and succinyl chloride (volume ratio 80:1) for crosslinking. After crosslinking at 30°C for 48 h, it was taken out and the residual solvent was washed away.

[0062] (2) Immerse glucose micro-nanofibers in 50 mL of 100 mg / L silver ion solution. Immerse for 3 hours at room temperature, then wash with water, replace with pure ethanol, and then vacuum dry to obtain a fiber membrane with antibacterial effect, namely glucose micro-nanofiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles.

[0063] Figure 3The SEM image of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared for this invention, loaded with silver particles, reveals a three-dimensional network structure formed by a large number of disordered interwoven fibers. Numerous fine particles are distributed on the fiber surface and in the gaps between the fibers (the scale bar in the lower right corner is 100 μm, which can help determine the structural scale). This structure has significant advantages in functional materials: the three-dimensional interweaving of the fibers forms abundant pores, providing channels for material transport (such as gas and liquid) or particle capture; the silver nanoparticles loaded on the surface can endow the material with antibacterial properties, and when used in masks, these particles can enhance the adsorption capacity for bacteria and microparticles.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] An antibacterial experiment using silver particles loaded on a glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane.

[0066] Take 1 ml of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultured to the logarithmic phase, respectively, and spread them evenly on nutrient agar medium. Press the glucose micro / nanofiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 into a circular membrane with a diameter of 4 mm, place it on the culture medium containing bacterial solution, and put it in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C. Observe the antibacterial effect after 8 hours.

[0067] Figure 4 The images show the antibacterial effect of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane loaded with silver particles prepared in this invention. As can be seen from the images, the left image shows a plate inoculated with Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, with two samples containing antibacterial components placed on it. A clear transparent inhibition zone is visible around the samples, indicating that the antibacterial material has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The right image also shows two antibacterial samples. A transparent inhibition zone also forms around the samples, indicating that the antibacterial material also has an inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli. It can be seen that the material loaded with silver nanoparticles has a good antibacterial effect.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A Comparison of Properties of Glucose Hollow Micro / Nanofiber Membranes with Different Spinning Pore Sizes

[0070] (1) Using the preparation method of Example 1, films containing silver nanoparticles were prepared by spinning with nozzles of different aperture sizes, namely 0.55 mm, 0.28 mm and 0.14 mm.

[0071] (2) Using cigarettes as the source of smoke, place them in a wide-mouth flask, connect the pipe and PM2.5 detector, insert fibers spun from different pore sizes into the middle of the pipe, observe the changes in the detector reading, and determine the smoke removal rate.

[0072] (3) Connect nitrogen gas, control the outflow rate to an atmospheric pressure level, connect the pipe and the barometer, record the changes in the barometer before and after the gas is turned on, and confirm the air permeability of the fiber.

[0073] Figures 5-7 The figures show a comparison of the dust removal rate, air permeability, and quality factors of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared for this invention with different spinning pore sizes. As can be seen from the figures... Figure 3 At each pore size, the filtration efficiency for both PM1.0 and PM2.5 is close to 100%, with PM2.5 showing a slightly higher filtration efficiency than PM1.0. This indicates that the filter material maintains extremely high filtration capacity for fine particulate matter (PM1.0 and PM2.5) even with pore sizes as small as 0.14 mm. As the pore size decreases from 0.55 mm to 0.14 mm, the pressure loss gradually decreases. This indicates that smaller pore sizes result in lower air resistance and better permeability. With decreasing pore size, the quality factors for both PM1.0 and PM2.5 show an upward trend, with the quality factor for PM2.5 consistently higher than that for PM1.0. This indicates that smaller pore sizes lead to superior overall filtration performance, especially in achieving a more balanced "high efficiency and low resistance" for PM2.5. The smaller the pore size of this filter material, the higher its filtration efficiency for PM1.0 and PM2.5, while simultaneously reducing pressure loss and improving the overall quality factor. Furthermore, its overall performance for PM2.5 is superior to that for PM1.0. This indicates that the small-pore design of this material achieves a good balance between "high-efficiency filtration and low-resistance permeability" in the field of fine particulate matter filtration, making it suitable for air purification, dust control, and other applications.

[0074] Example 5

[0075] A Comparison of Performance of Glucose Hollow Micro / Nanofiber Membranes at Different Spinning Speeds

[0076] (1) Using the preparation method of Example 1, glucose micro / nanofiber membranes containing silver nanoparticles were spun at rotation speeds of 5000 rpm, 6000 rpm, 7000 rpm and 8000 rpm respectively.

[0077] (2) Using cigarettes as the source of smoke, place them in a wide-mouth flask, connect the pipe and PM2.5 detector, insert fibers spun from different pore sizes into the middle of the pipe, observe the changes in the detector reading, and determine the smoke removal rate.

[0078] (3) Connect nitrogen gas, control the outflow rate to an atmospheric pressure level, connect the pipe and the barometer, record the changes in the barometer before and after the gas is turned on, and confirm the air permeability of the fiber.

[0079] Figures 8-10The graph compares the dust removal rate, air permeability, and quality factor of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared in this invention at different spinning speeds. As the spinning speed increases from 5000 rpm to 8000 rpm, the filtration efficiency of both PM1.0 and PM2.5 continuously increases, with the filtration efficiency of PM2.5 consistently higher than that of PM1.0. This indicates that the higher the spinning speed, the stronger the material's filtration capacity for fine particulate matter, and the more pronounced its filtration advantage for PM2.5. As the spinning speed increases from 5000 rpm to 8000 rpm, the pressure loss gradually decreases. This indicates that the higher the spinning speed, the lower the resistance to airflow through the material, and the better the air permeability. With increasing spinning speed, the quality factors of both PM1.0 and PM2.5 increase significantly, with the PM2.5 quality factor showing a more significant increase at high spinning speeds (e.g., 8000 rpm). This indicates that the higher the spinning speed, the better the overall filtration performance of the material, with a particularly outstanding balance of "high efficiency and low resistance" for PM2.5. The higher the rotational speed of this filter material, the higher its filtration efficiency for PM1.0 and PM2.5, the lower its pressure loss, and the better its overall quality factor; moreover, its performance optimization for PM2.5 is more significant. This indicates that increasing the rotational speed is an effective means to improve the material's overall performance of "high-efficiency filtration + low-resistance air permeability," and it has application potential in fields such as air purification.

[0080] Example 6

[0081] A Comparison of Single and Double Layer Properties of Glucose-Based Hollow Micro / Nanofiber Membranes

[0082] (1) Using the preparation method of Example 1, glucose micro / nanofiber membranes containing silver nanoparticles were prepared. Single-layer and double-layer fibers were fabricated, wherein the double-layer fiber was formed by stacking the two layers.

[0083] (2) Using cigarettes as the source of smoke, place them in a wide-mouth flask, connect the pipe and PM2.5 detector, insert fibers spun from different pore sizes into the middle of the pipe, observe the changes in the detector reading, and determine the smoke removal rate.

[0084] (3) Connect nitrogen gas, control the outflow rate to an atmospheric pressure level, connect the pipe and the barometer, record the changes in the barometer before and after the gas is turned on, and confirm the air permeability of the fiber.

[0085] Figures 11-13The quality factors, air permeability, and quality factors of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane prepared in this invention are compared between single and double layers. The figures show that as the number of layers increases from 1 to 2, the filtration efficiency for both PM1.0 and PM2.5 significantly improves, with PM2.5 filtration efficiency consistently higher than PM1.0. This indicates that increasing the number of layers effectively improves the material's filtration capacity for fine particulate matter, with a more pronounced advantage in filtration of PM2.5. As the number of layers increases from 1 to 2, the pressure loss increases significantly. This indicates that more layers result in greater air resistance and poorer air permeability. As the number of layers increases from 1 to 2, the quality factors for both PM1.0 and PM2.5 decrease significantly. This shows that while increasing the number of layers improves filtration efficiency, the increase in pressure loss is even greater, leading to a deterioration in the material's overall performance of "high-efficiency filtration + low-resistance air permeability." Increasing the number of filter layers can improve filtration efficiency for PM1.0 and PM2.5 (with a more pronounced effect on PM2.5), but it will significantly increase pressure loss, ultimately leading to a decrease in the overall quality factor. In other words, while "multi-layer design" can enhance filtration capacity, it will sacrifice breathability, requiring a trade-off between "filtration efficiency" and "breathability resistance" for different application scenarios.

[0086] Example 7

[0087] Comparison with other commercial mask materials

[0088] (1) Using the preparation method of Example 1, glucose micro / nanofiber membranes (GHF) containing silver nanoparticles were prepared.

[0089] (2) Select common mask materials on the market and compare them with this material.

[0090] Figures 14-16 The smoke and dust removal rate, breathability, and quality factors of the four mask samples (GHF, YYT, KF-94, and N95) were compared with those of common commercial masks. All four samples achieved a filtration efficiency of over 95% for PM1.0 and PM2.5, with the N95 sample showing a slightly higher filtration efficiency. The GHF sample exhibited the lowest pressure drop (approximately 85 Pa) and the best breathability, while the N95 sample showed the highest pressure drop (approximately 200 Pa). Regarding the quality factor, the GHF sample had the highest quality factor for PM2.5, the YYT sample the lowest, and the KF-94 and N95 samples showed balanced performance, reflecting the differences in the overall "high efficiency-low resistance" performance of the different samples. The mask material prepared in this invention has the advantages of high smoke and dust removal rate, high breathability, easy degradation, and no pollution.

[0091] Example 8

[0092] A degradation experiment based on glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane

[0093] (1)(1) Using the preparation method of Example 1, glucose micro / nanofiber membranes containing silver nanoparticles were prepared.

[0094] (2) The fiber membrane was placed in a 10-fold PBS aqueous solution and allowed to degrade at room temperature. Photos were taken at intervals to record the degradation.

[0095] Figure 17 This invention provides an experiment to evaluate the degradability of the glucose hollow micro / nanofiber membrane material. The morphological changes of the material over time are observed in a liquid medium (such as simulated body fluid or water), and its degradation rate, process, and final state are analyzed. This method is commonly used in the research and development of biomedical materials (such as absorbable implants and tissue engineering scaffolds) or environmentally friendly biodegradable materials. Morphological changes and degradation process: Day 1: The material exhibits a complete white fibrous / membrane structure with uniform morphology, indicating initial stability. Day 2-Day 14: The material gradually thins and breaks down, with a significant reduction in volume, indicating the start and continuation of the degradation reaction. Day 28-Day 70: The material further fragments and dissolves, reaching almost complete degradation by Day 70, leaving only a small number of fine fragments, demonstrating good degradability.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a lightweight, highly breathable hollow fiber membrane mask material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh glucose or other monosaccharides or oligosaccharides, and collect them to form micro-nano sugar fiber membranes by melt spinning, centrifugal spinning or melt-blown spinning; (2) The sugar fiber membrane is cross-linked in an organic solvent containing acyl chloride cross-linking agents; (3) Wash the cross-linked fiber membrane to obtain a sugar hollow fiber membrane, or immerse the cross-linked fiber membrane directly into an aqueous solution containing silver ions to obtain a fiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles, or immerse it directly into an aqueous solution. (5) The treated fiber membrane is immersed in water, then replaced with ethanol and dried to obtain a sugar hollow fiber membrane or a sugar hollow fiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other monosaccharides mentioned in step (1) include any one or more of ribose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and erythrose; the oligosaccharides include any one or more of raffinose, cellobiose, isomaltose, and maltose.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the temperature range of melt spinning, centrifugal spinning, or meltblown spinning is between 50℃ and 300℃, the filament diameter is 0.14mm-0.55mm, and the centrifugal spinning speed is between 2000rpm and 10000rpm.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the organic solvent is preferably any one or more of petroleum ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the acyl chloride crosslinking agent preferably includes any one or more of phthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, 1,3,5-benzenetriacyl chloride, succinyl chloride, glutaryl chloride, adipicoyl chloride, and pimecroyl chloride.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the crosslinking temperature is between 0 and 40°C, and the crosslinking time is 4 to 96 hours.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the silver ion solution is silver nitrate with a concentration of 50 mg / L-300 mg / L. Unreacted monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the fiber dissolve in the silver nitrate aqueous solution to form hollow fibers. Under the action of the reducing groups of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, silver nitrate is reduced to silver nanoparticles.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), pure ethanol is used for replacement, followed by vacuum drying.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), two non-woven fabrics are used to sandwich a sugar hollow fiber membrane or a sugar hollow fiber membrane containing silver nanoparticles to assemble a mask.

10. The application of the lightweight, highly breathable sugar hollow fiber membrane mask material according to claim 1 in the preparation of everyday face masks and air filter membranes.

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