Intelligent real-time monitoring and self-adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor rod system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of intelligent real-time monitoring and self-adapting grouting reinforcement anchor rod system, including anchor rod, grout storage tank, electric pump, controller and cloud control platform;The anchor rod is hollow structure, anchor rod is provided with fiber bragg grating sensor and osmotic pressure sensor, and the surface of anchor rod is provided with grout outlet hole;One end of the anchor rod is connected with the grout outlet of grout storage tank, and the grout inlet of grout storage tank is connected with the outlet of electric pump;Controller is connected with fiber bragg grating sensor, osmotic pressure sensor and electric pump, and controller is connected with cloud control platform by wireless network and realizes communication connection.The present application can provide effective supporting force in addition, can also carry out real-time perception to the stress of itself and the deformation of surrounding rock and soil, and realizes the transmission and analysis of data by internet of things technology, and can start adaptive grouting when necessary, and actively, accurately reinforce dangerous area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering slope support and geological disaster prevention technology, specifically involving an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system. Background Technology

[0002] Anchor bolt support is a common method for reinforcing slopes, tunnels, and deep foundation pits in geotechnical engineering. It is a general term for support structures with anchor bolts as the main component, including anchor bolts, shotcrete, and shotcrete mesh support. The technique involves drilling inclined holes in the soil, embedding anchor bolts, and then filling them with cement (or cement mortar). The loads acting on the support structure are borne by the combined effects of the friction between the anchor body and the soil, the bond force between the bolt and the anchor body, and the strength of the bolt. Anchor bolt support is widely used in civil engineering due to its simple structure, convenient construction, low cost, and strong adaptability to various projects.

[0003] After installing traditional anchor bolts, it is difficult to detect changes in their stress state and the stability of the surrounding soil and rock in a timely and accurate manner. Common monitoring methods involve installing sensors such as inclinometers and stress gauges on the support structure. However, these methods have the following drawbacks: Poor accuracy: When sensors such as inclinometers and stress gauges are installed on the support structure, they will be separated from the support structure, resulting in data with relatively low accuracy and reliability.

[0004] High cost: High-performance sensors are expensive to produce, and their installation, protection, and subsequent maintenance also require considerable expenses.

[0005] Data lag: It is mostly periodic manual monitoring, which cannot achieve all-weather real-time monitoring and makes it difficult to detect dangers in a timely manner.

[0006] Passive support: Traditional anchor bolts only provide passive support force. When inclinometers or stress gauges detect significant changes, the deformation of the soil and rock mass or the stress on the anchor bolts may have already reached a dangerous stage. Even after an early warning, manual intervention is still required, resulting in a slow response time. This is not conducive to taking proactive reinforcement measures and poses safety hazards.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system is designed to solve these problems and is of great significance for improving the safety and intelligence level of geotechnical engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system. In addition to providing effective support force, it can also sense its own stress and the deformation of the surrounding rock and soil in real time. Furthermore, it can realize data transmission and analysis through Internet of Things technology. When necessary, it can initiate adaptive grouting to actively and accurately reinforce dangerous areas.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system, comprising an anchor, a grout storage tank, an electric pump, a controller, and a cloud control platform; the anchor has a hollow structure, and a fiber optic grating sensor and a pressure sensor are installed inside the anchor, with grout outlet holes opened on the surface of the anchor; one end of the anchor is connected to the grout outlet of the grout storage tank, and the grout inlet of the grout storage tank is connected to the outlet of the electric pump; the controller is connected to the fiber optic grating sensor, the pressure sensor, and the electric pump, and the controller communicates with the cloud control platform via a wireless network.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention also has some features: As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fiber optic grating sensors are arranged in a series inside the anchor bolt.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the anchor rod is the anchoring section, and the grout outlet is arranged on the anchoring section.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a grout outlet is arranged every 0.5 m on the anchoring section.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure sensor is arranged on the top of the anchor bolt.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stirrer is provided inside the slurry storage tank.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller is provided with a solar cell.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller comprises a central processing unit, an optical fiber demodulator, a data acquisition unit, a control circuit, and a wireless communication module; the optical fiber demodulator is connected to a fiber optic grating sensor and is used to demodulate sensor signals; the data acquisition unit is connected to a pressure sensor and is used to acquire data from the pressure sensor; the central processing unit receives and processes all sensor data; the wireless communication module sends the data processed by the central processing unit to a cloud server or a remote monitoring center; and the control circuit controls the start and stop of the electric pump and the agitator according to the instructions of the central processing unit.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the slurry outlet holes is provided with a one-way valve.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a desiccant is placed inside the controller.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system integrates sensing, support, and grouting functions onto a single anchor bolt, resulting in a compact structure, convenient installation, and high reliability. Distributed fiber optic sensing can acquire the stress distribution along the entire length of the anchor bolt, accurately locating potential slip surfaces, which is far superior to point sensors. It transforms passive support into active control, intervening before substantial structural damage occurs, significantly improving the engineering safety index. Utilizing a cloud platform to analyze data and make intelligent decisions enables unattended automated monitoring and early warning, thereby greatly improving operation and maintenance efficiency. Although the investment in a single anchor bolt increases, it avoids the installation and maintenance costs of complex, independent monitoring systems, while also preventing significant economic losses from catastrophic accidents. It is suitable for modern intelligent engineering construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anchor bolt in an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor bolt system according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the controller in an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Anchor bolt; 101. Grout outlet; 102. Fiber optic grating sensor; 103. Pressure sensor; 2. Grouting pipeline; 3. Grout storage tank; 4. Electric pump; 5. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor bolt system, comprising an anchor bolt 1, a grout storage tank 3, an electric pump 4, a controller 5, and a cloud control platform.

[0024] Among them: such as Figure 2As shown, anchor rod 1 has a hollow structure, and a fiber optic grating sensor 102 and a pressure sensor 103 are installed inside anchor rod 1. A grout outlet hole 101 is opened on the surface of anchor rod 1. One end of anchor rod 1 is connected to the grout outlet of grout storage tank 3, and the grout inlet of grout storage tank 3 is connected to the outlet of electric pump 4. An agitator is installed inside grout storage tank 1. Controller 5 is connected to fiber optic grating sensor 102, pressure sensor 103 and electric pump 4. Controller 5 communicates with cloud control platform through wireless network. Cloud monitoring platform receives data from controller 5, stores, analyzes and visualizes it. The platform has preset stress and deformation thresholds and early warning algorithms. When the data exceeds the limit, it automatically generates early warning information and can issue grouting command through controller 5.

[0025] Anchor bolt 1 is made of high-strength hollow threaded steel, and its length is usually set to about 12m according to design requirements. Fiber optic grating sensors 102 are distributed along the axis of anchor bolt 1, fixed to the inner wall of the bolt body by miniature clamps and encapsulated with flexible waterproof adhesive. The spacing between measuring points is accurate to 1.5m, enabling the acquisition of strain distribution curves over the entire length. A pressure sensor 103 is placed deep within the anchor bolt to monitor pore water pressure within the soil and rock. Increased pore water pressure caused by rainfall is one of the main causes of slope instability; real-time monitoring of this indicator is crucial for early warning.

[0026] Anchor bolt 1, grouting pipe 2, grout storage tank 3, and electric pump 4 are embedded in the slope's soil and rock mass, while controller 5 is embedded at the top of the slope. The construction process is as follows: Drill holes according to the designed spacing, with a diameter of 110mm and a depth of 12.5m, keeping the hole walls clean. Insert the prefabricated anchor rod body 1 into the hole, and extend the fiber optic cable intact from the hole opening. The next step is initial grouting, primarily to form a stable anchoring section. Inject ultrafine cement grout through the hollow cavity of the anchor rod until thick grout overflows from the hole opening. After the anchor body reaches the required strength, install the pad and anchorage, and then apply a prestress of 150kN. Connect the fiber optic cable and grouting pipeline to the controller 5 on the slope toe platform. At this point, the system enters the normal operation and monitoring phase.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, controller 5 consists of a central processing unit, a fiber optic demodulator, a data acquisition unit, a control circuit, and a wireless communication module. The fiber optic demodulator is connected to the fiber optic grating sensor 102 and is used to demodulate the sensor signal. The data acquisition unit is connected to the pressure sensor 103 and is used to collect the data from the pressure sensor 103. The central processing unit receives and processes all sensor data. The wireless communication module sends the data processed by the central processing unit to a cloud server or a remote monitoring center. The control circuit controls the start and stop of the electric pump 4 and the agitator according to the instructions of the central processing unit. Controller 5 is equipped with a solar cell, which can continuously power the entire system.

[0028] This invention recommends the use of modified ultrafine cement-based grouting materials, which have extremely fine particles and good rheological properties. The core component of the ultrafine cement-based grout, "ultrafine cement," is the material itself, with a specific surface area generally greater than 800 m² / kg and a particle size less than 20 μm. Due to its fine particle size, the grout can penetrate into tiny cracks as narrow as 0.1 mm. To further improve the grout's performance, auxiliary materials are typically added. Silica fume (SF) utilizes its micro-aggregate effect and pozzolanic reaction to reduce grout bleeding and improve the density and later strength of the aggregate. High-efficiency polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCS) can significantly improve grout fluidity at low water-cement ratios, reducing pressure loss in long-distance grouting pipelines. Adding a small amount of polypropylene fiber to the grout can greatly improve the compressive and flexural strength of the aggregate, preventing brittle cracking. The material proportioning parameters and performance indicators are as follows: water-cement ratio (W / C) is 0.7; initial grout viscosity is approximately 210 mPa·s; good pumpability; silica fume (SF) content is 38% (by weight of cement); bleeding rate is reduced to 1.0%; excellent stability; water-reducing agent (PCS) content is 0%; grout specific gravity is controlled at 2% to ensure high fluidity and no segregation; early compressive strength (7d) is greater than 12 MPa, meeting the requirements for rapid traffic opening and load-bearing capacity after reinforcement. In the event of grouting in a flowing water environment, a quick-setting agent (J85) with an initial setting time of less than 3 minutes needs to be added to achieve instantaneous solidification of the grout and prevent it from being dispersed by water flow. Grouting water must comply with JGJ63 regulations and use clean drinking water to prevent impurities from corroding sensors and pipelines.

[0029] The working principle of this invention is as follows: After the equipment is installed according to the present invention, the fiber optic grating sensor 102 and the pressure sensor 103 start to operate. The stress state of the anchor bolt 1 and the surrounding geological environment information are transmitted to the controller 5 in real time. The central processor in the controller 5 performs preliminary analysis of the data and uploads the data to the cloud monitoring platform through the wireless network.

[0030] The cloud-based monitoring platform performs real-time monitoring, dynamically displaying the axial force distribution curve and pore water pressure value of each anchor rod 1.

[0031] Based on the axial force distribution curve and pore water pressure values ​​obtained from the cloud monitoring platform, a multi-level early warning system is adopted, specifically including: A yellow alert (reminder) will be sent to the management personnel once the anchor bolt stress or deformation reaches 65% of the preset threshold, or the rate of change accelerates significantly. Orange alert (warning): When the data reaches 80% of the preset threshold, the platform will issue a warning, prompting users to pay closer attention. A red alert (danger) will be issued immediately when the data exceeds 95% of the preset threshold. Simultaneously, management personnel can send grouting commands manually or automatically to the on-site data acquisition and control box via the platform. The control box will then activate the miniature electric pump and solenoid valve, allowing grout to be injected through the hollow anchor bolts into the weak areas of the surrounding soil and rock, thereby achieving precise and timely reinforcement and preventing disasters.

[0032] The central processing unit receives instructions to control the micro electric pump and solenoid valve to open. Before grout delivery, the system re-homogenizes and mixes the ultrafine cement material using an agitator in the grout storage tank 3. To ensure the fluidity of the grout, the mixing time should be no less than 90 seconds. Under the pumping pressure, the grout pushes open the rubber stop plug. It is then injected through the grout outlet into the weak areas of the surrounding rock and soil mass that have developed cracks due to deformation. The grout forms a vein-like interwoven stone mass in the rock and soil mass, thereby improving the overall strength of the surrounding rock mass. During the grouting process, distributed fiber optic sensors monitor the changes in the stress of the rod in real time. If the stress level at a certain point quickly returns to a safe range due to the expansion force generated by grouting, it indicates that the loose ring at that point has been filled. When the preset single-hole grouting volume or grouting pressure reaches the design upper limit and the flow rate approaches zero, the system determines that the grouting is saturated and automatically shuts off the electric pump 4. Post-grouting cleaning and status restoration: After the grouting task is completed, the system will immediately perform self-cleaning to prevent residual grout from solidifying in the hollow rod body and causing permanent blockage of the channel. The control box switches to flushing mode, pumping high-pressure clean water to flush the pipelines and the inside of the rod, and then drains the cleaning fluid. At this time, the system re-enters monitoring mode to observe the stress redistribution effect after grouting reinforcement.

[0033] After installation, the system entered normal operation. The following is an example of an early warning and response: In its first year of normal operation, data showed that the maximum stress of the anchor bolts remained stable at around 300 MPa. The second year coincided with the rainy season. After continuous heavy rainfall, the cloud platform detected that the stress at one of the fiber optic measuring points on anchor bolt A-01 increased from 300 MPa to 340 MPa within 48 hours, triggering a yellow alert. The platform automatically sent a text message and app push notification to the maintenance manager: "Warning: Anchor bolt A-01 shows abnormal stress growth, current value 340 MPa, reaching the alert level. Please pay close attention." After receiving the warning, the person in charge remotely viewed the detailed data of anchor A-01 through the platform and found that the stress was concentrated at a potential slip surface location, and the water pressure at that location was significantly increased as shown by the piezometer. Although surface drainage measures were taken in time, the stress of anchor A-01 rapidly increased to 480MPa in the next 24 hours, thus triggering a red warning. The platform interface immediately issued a red alert and automatically popped up a dialog box: "The stress of anchor A-01 exceeds the limit. Is adaptive grouting required?" After confirming that there were no urgent anomalies on the slope surface, the maintenance manager clicked "Confirm Execution" to verify the system function. After the instruction was issued, the cloud monitoring platform sent the grouting instruction to the controller 5 on site via wireless network. The central processor in controller 5 immediately reacted, started electric pump 4 and opened the solenoid valve connected to the lower end of anchor A-01. Grout was sent into the hollow cavity of anchor A-01 at a pressure of 2MPa, and expelled from the grout outlet 101 near the strain concentration area, seeping into the surrounding loosened rock and soil. During the grouting process, the fiber optic grating sensor displays in real time that the strain growth trend in this area is rapidly slowing down. When the grouting volume reaches the predetermined value of 30L and the stress stabilizes at 510MPa and no longer increases, the system automatically stops grouting.

[0034] Monitoring results one week after grouting showed that the stress of anchor bolt A-01 stabilized at around 505 MPa and no longer increased. This indicates that the grout cemented the loosened zone, restoring the integrity of the soil and rock mass. Following this incident, the slope weathered the rainy season. A potential anchor bolt failure or landslide was controlled thanks to the early warning system, demonstrating the effectiveness of the combined monitoring, early warning, and proactive reinforcement system.

[0035] Example 2 Unlike Example 1, in Example 2, in the intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system of the present invention, fiber optic grating sensors 102 are arranged in a series inside the anchor 1, with a measuring point spacing of about 1.5m, to monitor the strain distribution along the entire length of the anchor.

[0036] Example 3 Unlike Example 2, in Example 3, the lower 6 m of the anchor rod 1 is the anchoring section, and the grout outlet 101 is arranged on the anchoring section. A grout outlet 101 is arranged every 0.5 m on the anchoring section to facilitate grout discharge.

[0037] Example 4 Unlike Example 3, in Example 4, in the intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system of the present invention, the seepage pressure sensor 103 is encapsulated at the top 0.5m of the anchor 1 to monitor deep water pressure.

[0038] Example 5 Unlike Example 4, in Example 5, a smart real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system of the present invention, each grout outlet 101 is provided with a one-way valve. The one-way valve is a one-way grout stop plug made of water-swellable rubber, which can prevent grout backflow and soil blockage of the channel.

[0039] Example 6 Unlike Example 5, in Example 6, a desiccant is placed inside the controller 5 of the intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system of the present invention.

[0040] Methods for storing and maintaining key equipment and materials on-site are also essential. The intelligent anchor bolt system contains electronic components, mechanical pumping devices, and chemically sensitive grouting materials. Scientific storage and maintenance are prerequisites for ensuring reliable operation of the system over several years of service. The controller 5 enclosure (fiber optic demodulator, CPU, relays, etc.) should be installed on a fixed platform at the top of the slope. The enclosure must have an IP65 or higher protection rating and contain desiccant to prevent short circuits in high-humidity environments due to moisture. In extremely cold or hot regions, a miniature fan or heating module with temperature control should be installed. The power supply system typically uses solar panels plus backup power. Regularly clean dust and fallen leaves from the solar panels, check battery voltage, and ensure the wireless communication module functions normally even in rainy weather. Grouting materials must be stored on-site with moisture protection and a valid shelf life. Ultrafine cement should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated warehouse with a moisture-proof rack at least 30cm high at the bottom; direct stacking on the ground is strictly prohibited. Ultrafine cement is highly susceptible to moisture and caking. If caking is detected, it must not be used in adaptive grouting systems, as caking will directly block the micro-pumps and the tiny flow channels in the anchor bolts. The storage period is generally no more than 3 months. The storage period for bagged grouting materials should generally not exceed three months. On-site, a first-in, first-out principle applies. Opened admixtures must be resealed and stored in a cool, dark place to prevent decomposition and ineffectiveness. The grout storage tank and pumping system are in standby mode most of the time, therefore their internal mechanisms must be readily available for startup. Automatic stirring mechanism: To prevent sedimentation of the pre-stored grout, the grout storage tank should have a timed stirring function. Even without an alarm, the system can be set to automatically start the stirrer for 5 minutes every 24 hours. If the grout's settling time exceeds half of its initial setting time, it should be drained and replaced with fresh grout. Pump and pipeline corrosion protection: Because cement grout is weakly alkaline, the inner wall of the grout storage tank and the grouting pipeline should be made of corrosion-resistant materials (the corrosion rate of carbon steel should not exceed 0.075 mm / a). After each grouting or trial run, the pipeline should be thoroughly flushed with clean water. During winter construction when the temperature is below 5°C, any accumulated water in the pipes should be drained or proper insulation measures should be taken to prevent freezing and cracking.

Claims

1. An intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system, characterized in that, The system includes an anchor rod (1), a slurry storage tank (3), an electric pump (4), a controller (5), and a cloud control platform. The anchor rod (1) is a hollow structure, and a fiber optic grating sensor (102) and a pressure sensor (103) are installed inside the anchor rod (1). A slurry outlet hole (101) is opened on the surface of the anchor rod (1). One end of the anchor rod (1) is connected to the slurry outlet of the slurry storage tank (3), and the slurry inlet of the slurry storage tank (3) is connected to the outlet of the electric pump (4). The controller (5) is connected to the fiber optic grating sensor (102), the pressure sensor (103), and the electric pump (4). The controller (5) communicates with the cloud control platform through a wireless network.

2. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic grating sensor (102) is arranged in a series inside the anchor rod (1).

3. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the anchor rod (1) is the anchoring section, and the grout outlet (101) is arranged on the anchoring section.

4. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A grout outlet (101) is arranged every 0.5 m on the anchoring section.

5. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pressure sensor (103) is positioned on top of the anchor bolt (1).

6. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slurry storage tank (1) is equipped with a stirrer.

7. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller (5) is equipped with a solar cell.

8. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The controller (5) consists of a central processing unit, an optical fiber demodulator, a data acquisition unit, a control circuit, and a wireless communication module. The optical fiber demodulator is connected to the fiber optic grating sensor (102) and is used to demodulate the sensor signal. The data acquisition unit is connected to the pressure sensor (103) and is used to collect the data from the pressure sensor (103). The central processing unit receives and processes all sensor data. The wireless communication module sends the data processed by the central processing unit to a cloud server or a remote monitoring center. The control circuit controls the start and stop of the electric pump (4) and the agitator according to the instructions of the central processing unit.

9. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the slurry outlets (101) is provided with a one-way valve.

10. The intelligent real-time monitoring and adaptive grouting reinforcement anchor system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The controller (5) contains a desiccant.

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