Screw drill with active damping structure

Abstract

The application discloses a screw drill with an active damping structure, which comprises a screw drill structure, wherein the screw drill structure comprises an outer shell, a bypass valve assembly arranged in the outer shell, a motor assembly, a universal shaft assembly, a transmission shaft assembly and a drill bit; and the inner wall of the outer shell is in contact with the outer wall of the universal shaft assembly. By arranging the damping structure one, the damping structure two and the damping structure three, the device can actively absorb the radial and axial vibrations generated during the operation of the drill, effectively reduce the dynamic load of the key components, reduce the fatigue damage, significantly prolong the service life of the screw drill, and improve the stability of the screw drill structure under the synergistic action of the damping structure one, the damping structure two and the damping structure three, so as to avoid the deviation of the drilling trajectory caused by the vibration, improve the control precision of the wellbore trajectory, and further reduce the occurrence rate of the complex situation in the well.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of screw drill technology, and in particular to a screw drill with an active vibration damping structure. Background Technology

[0002] As the core power equipment in oil and gas drilling engineering, screw drills play a crucial role in complex conditions such as directional drilling and horizontal drilling. Their performance directly affects drilling efficiency, wellbore quality, and construction safety. Their working principle involves high-pressure drilling fluid driving the rotor within the motor assembly to rotate, transmitting torque through the universal joint assembly to the drive shaft assembly, ultimately driving the drill bit to break up rocks.

[0003] When screw drills rotate at high speeds, the unstable flow of drilling fluid, the nonlinear interaction between the drill bit and the rock, and the dynamic characteristics of the drill string's own structure easily generate severe vibrations, manifesting as coupled vibrations in the axial, radial, and torsional directions. Axial vibration leads to fluctuations in drilling pressure, affecting the drill bit's rock-breaking efficiency and stability; radial vibration exacerbates the collision and wear between the drill string and the wellbore, reducing wellbore quality and potentially causing well deviation; torsional vibration ("stick-slip" phenomenon) causes drastic changes in torque, affecting drilling continuity and trajectory control accuracy, and causing significant impact on weak points such as drill string connecting threads. Severe vibration subjects key components such as universal joints and drive shafts to high-frequency alternating stresses, easily leading to fatigue damage, significantly reducing service life, and increasing drill string replacement frequency and maintenance costs.

[0004] To address vibration issues, existing technologies mostly employ passive damping structures, such as springs, dampers, or elastic sleeves placed at specific locations on the drill string. However, these traditional passive damping structures have limitations such as fixed inherent frequencies and delayed response, making it difficult to dynamically adjust according to real-time changes in drilling conditions and vibration characteristics. In harsh drilling environments such as deep and ultra-deep wells, the damping effect of traditional passive damping structures is very limited, failing to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for equipment stability and reliability in drilling engineering. Therefore, designing a screw drill string with an active damping structure to solve these problems is particularly important. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a screw drill with an active vibration damping structure.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a screw drill with an active vibration damping structure, comprising a screw drill structure: the screw drill structure includes a housing, a bypass valve assembly, a motor assembly, a universal joint assembly, a drive shaft assembly, and a drill bit disposed inside the housing;

[0007] Cavity 1 and Cavity 2 are respectively provided between the inner wall of the outer shell and the outer wall of the universal joint assembly and the outer wall of the drive shaft assembly. The interior of Cavity 1 and Cavity 2 are respectively provided with shock-absorbing structure 1 and shock-absorbing structure 2 in a linear array.

[0008] According to the screw drill bit with an active damping structure, the damping structure is composed of a plurality of elastic buffer bodies arranged in a linear array inside the cavity, and the plurality of elastic buffer bodies are interconnected.

[0009] According to the screw drill bit with an active damping structure, the elastic buffer body is composed of symmetrically arranged elastic rings.

[0010] According to the screw drill bit with an active damping structure, a groove is provided in the middle of the elastic annular body.

[0011] According to the screw drill bit with an active damping structure, the size of the elastic buffer body is smaller than the size of the cavity.

[0012] According to the screw drill bit with active vibration damping structure, the structure and working principle of the second vibration damping structure are consistent with the structure and working principle of the first vibration damping structure.

[0013] According to the screw drill bit with an active damping structure, a damping structure three is provided inside the cavity two near one end of the damping structure two. The damping structure three includes a buffer plate one connected to one end of the damping structure two, a buffer plate two disposed on one side of the buffer plate one, and an elastic buffer body two installed between the buffer plate one and the buffer plate two. The damping structure three is disposed on the outer wall of the drive shaft assembly.

[0014] According to the screw drill with an active damping structure, the outer walls of the first and second buffer plates are in contact with the inner wall of the multi-section outer shell.

[0015] According to the screw drill bit with active damping structure, it further includes a directional drilling device, which is threadedly connected to the bypass valve assembly.

[0016] The above-mentioned solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. By incorporating vibration damping structures one, two, and three, this equipment actively absorbs radial and axial vibrations generated during drill string operation. This effectively reduces dynamic loads on key components, minimizes fatigue damage, and significantly extends the service life of the screw drill string. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of these three structures improves the stability of the screw drill string's operation, prevents drilling trajectory deviations caused by vibration, enhances wellbore trajectory control accuracy, and ultimately reduces the incidence of complex downhole conditions.

[0018] 2. With the pre-setting of the elastic buffer body one and the synergistic effect of the buffer plate one, buffer plate two and elastic buffer body two, energy can be absorbed and dissipated in the early stage of vibration, avoiding the accumulation of vibration energy and causing continuous impact on the drill bit. Compared with passive damping that relies on the passive response after vibration transmission, the active damping method of this screw drill bit structure can more accurately control the vibration amplitude, significantly improve the operating stability of the drill bit under complex working conditions, and provide a reliable guarantee for efficient and safe drilling.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a screw drill with an active vibration damping structure according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity two of a screw drill tool with an active vibration damping structure according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration reduction structure of a screw drill with an active vibration reduction structure according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second vibration damping structure of a screw drill with an active vibration damping structure according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This invention relates to a screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure. Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0026] Legend:

[0027] 1. Screw drill string structure; 11. Multi-section housing; 12. Bypass valve assembly; 13. Motor assembly; 14. Universal joint assembly; 15. Drive shaft assembly; 16. Drill bit; 2. Cavity 1; 3. Cavity 2; 4. Vibration damping structure 1; 41. Elastic ring body; 5. Vibration damping structure 2; 6. Groove; 7. Vibration damping structure 3; 71. Buffer plate 1; 72. Buffer plate 2; 73. Elastic buffer body 2; 8. Directional drilling device. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] Reference Figures 1-5A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure includes a screw drill bit structure 1: the screw drill bit structure 1 includes a multi-section outer shell 11, a bypass valve assembly 12, a motor assembly 13, a universal joint assembly 14, a drive shaft assembly 15, and a drill bit 16 disposed inside the multi-section outer shell 11; cavities 1-2 and 2-3 are respectively disposed between the inner wall of the multi-section outer shell 11 and the outer wall of the universal joint assembly 14 and the outer wall of the drive shaft assembly 15; vibration damping structures 1-4 and 2-5 are respectively arranged in a linear array inside cavities 1-2 and 2-3; vibration damping structure 1-4 is composed of multiple elastic buffers 1 arranged in a linear array inside cavity 1-2, and the multiple elastic buffers 1 are arranged in a linear array. Interconnected; the elastic buffer body is composed of symmetrically arranged elastic rings 41; a groove 6 is opened in the middle of the elastic ring 41; the size of the elastic buffer body is smaller than the size of the cavity 2; drilling work can be realized through the screw drill structure 1. After the mud enters the bypass valve assembly 12, it enters the motor assembly 13. Under the driving flow of the mud, the motor assembly 13 rotates, driving the drill rod in the universal joint assembly 14 and the drive shaft assembly 15 to rotate, thereby driving the drill bit 16 to rotate, realizing the drilling work. The multi-section shell 11 is made of soft material, which can be bent to control the drilling trajectory. The connection between the universal joint assembly 14 and the drive shaft assembly 15 is made of soft material. Connected by pins or other connecting parts, the drill rods in both the universal joint assembly 14 and the drive shaft assembly 15 are flexible drill rods, capable of bending for adjustment, in order to achieve adjustment of the drilling trajectory. A damping structure 4 is installed on the outer wall of the flexible drill rod in the universal joint assembly 14. This damping structure 4 absorbs and reduces vibrations generated during the rotation of the flexible drill rod body. Positioned between the flexible drill rod and the inner wall of the multi-section outer shell 11, it absorbs and reduces external vibrations generated during the drilling process of the screw drill structure 1, effectively improving the safety of the flexible drill rod in the universal joint assembly 14. The damping method of the drive shaft assembly 15 is the same as that of the universal joint assembly 14. Therefore, the flexible drill rod of the drive shaft assembly 15 utilizes the second shock-absorbing structure 5 for energy absorption and vibration reduction, which is convenient to use. The multiple elastic buffers 1 in the first shock-absorbing structure 4 and the second shock-absorbing structure 2 5 can be assembled by detachable connection or by adhesive welding connection. The detachable connection method is more convenient for disassembly and installation, and one of the damaged elastic buffers 1 can be replaced. The adhesive welding connection method makes the manufacturing of the first shock-absorbing structure 4 and the second shock-absorbing structure 2 5 more convenient and has stronger integrity. Thus, both methods can achieve the performance of the first shock-absorbing structure 4 and the second shock-absorbing structure 2 5, thereby effectively improving the applicability of the first shock-absorbing structure 4 and the second shock-absorbing structure 2 5.The size of the groove 6 matches the outer diameter of the flexible drill rod in the universal joint assembly 14 and the drive shaft assembly 15. This allows the elastic buffer body 1 to be fitted onto the outer wall of the flexible drill rod via the groove 6, facilitating assembly. The sleeve connection method, which uses friction to achieve mutual connection, is more convenient than bolt assembly. Furthermore, because cavities 1 and 2 restrict the deformation stroke of the damping structures 1 4 and 2 5, they will not detach from the flexible drill rod, ensuring the safety of their use.

[0032] The structure and working principle of the second shock absorber structure 5 are consistent with those of the first shock absorber structure 4. The cavity 23 is equipped with a third shock absorber structure 7 near one end of the second shock absorber structure 5. The third shock absorber structure 7 includes a buffer plate 1 71 connected to one end of the second shock absorber structure 5, a buffer plate 2 72 disposed on one side of the buffer plate 1 71, and an elastic buffer body 2 73 installed between the buffer plate 1 71 and the buffer plate 2 72. The third shock absorber structure 7 is disposed on the outer wall of the drive shaft assembly 15. The outer walls of the buffer plate 1 71 and the buffer plate 2 72 are in contact with the inner wall of the multi-section outer shell 11. The combined effect of damping structure 2 (5) and damping structure 3 (7) improves the overall damping and protection performance of the drive shaft assembly 15. The active damping method is safer and easier to use. Through the mutual compression of multiple elastic buffer bodies 1 in damping structure 2 (5), and the mutual compression of buffer plate 1 (71), elastic buffer body 2 (73), and buffer plate 2 (72), energy absorption and damping are achieved, preventing instability in the drive shaft assembly 15 and ensuring the drilling performance of the screw drill structure 1 is not affected. Both elastic buffer body 1 and elastic buffer body 2 (73) are made of highly elastic materials, enabling continuous energy absorption and damping, and are easy to use. Damping structure 3 (7) is also installed inside cavity 1 (2) near damping structure 4, reinforcing the flexible drill rod in the universal joint assembly 14 and effectively improving the overall damping performance of the screw drill structure 1.

[0033] It also includes a directional drilling device 8, which is threadedly connected to the bypass valve assembly 12. The directional drilling device 8 is assembled on one side of the bypass valve assembly 12. The directional drilling device 8 is a common device on the market, so its structure and working principle will not be described in detail. The directional drilling device 8 can improve the overall drilling accuracy of the screw drill structure 1, can adjust the drilling trajectory in real time and monitor the trajectory, is easy to use, and the threaded assembly method makes it easier to install and disassemble, effectively improving assembly efficiency.

[0034] Working Principle: Drilling is achieved through the screw drill string structure 1. Mud enters the bypass valve assembly 12 and then the motor assembly 13. Driven by the mud flow, the motor assembly 13 rotates, driving the drill rod in the universal joint assembly 14 and drive shaft assembly 15 to rotate, thereby rotating the drill bit 16 and achieving drilling. The multi-section outer shell 11 is made of flexible material, allowing bending to control the drilling trajectory. The connection between the universal joint assembly 14 and drive shaft assembly 15 is achieved using pins or other connecting parts. To adjust the drilling trajectory, the drill rods in the universal joint assembly 14 and drive shaft assembly 15 are flexible drill rods, capable of bending for adjustment. By installing vibration damping structures 4, 5, and 7 on the outer wall of the flexible drill rods in the universal joint assembly 14 and drive shaft assembly 15, the three structures work together to absorb and dampen the vibrations generated during the rotation of the flexible drill rod. The position between the screw drill tool structure 1 and the inner wall of the multi-section outer shell 11 can absorb and dampen the external vibrations generated during the drilling process, thereby effectively improving the safety of the flexible drill pipe of the universal joint assembly 14 and the drive shaft assembly 15. At the same time, the active damping method has a better energy absorption and damping effect than the passive damping method, and can continuously absorb and dampen internal and external forces, thus effectively improving the damping performance of the screw drill tool structure 1. Furthermore, with the pre-setting of the elastic buffer body 1 and the synergistic effect of the buffer plate 1 71, buffer plate 2 72 and elastic buffer body 2 73, energy can be absorbed and dissipated in the early stage of vibration, avoiding the accumulation of vibration energy and continuous impact on the screw drill tool structure 1. Compared with passive damping, which relies on the passive response after vibration transmission, the active damping method of this screw drill tool structure 1 can more accurately control the vibration amplitude, significantly improve the operating stability of the drill tool under complex working conditions, and provide a reliable guarantee for efficient and safe drilling.

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure, characterized in that, Includes a screw drill structure (1): The screw drill structure (1) includes a multi-section housing (11), a bypass valve assembly (12), a motor assembly (13), a universal joint assembly (14), a drive shaft assembly (15), and a drill bit (16) disposed inside the multi-section housing (11). Cavity 1 (2) and cavity 2 (3) are respectively provided between the inner wall of the multi-section outer shell (11), the outer wall of the universal joint assembly (14), and the outer wall of the drive shaft assembly (15). The cavity 1 (2) and cavity 2 (3) are respectively provided with shock-absorbing structure 1 (4) and shock-absorbing structure 2 (5) arranged in a linear array.

2. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shock-absorbing structure (4) consists of multiple elastic buffer bodies arranged in a linear array inside the cavity (2), and the multiple elastic buffer bodies are interconnected.

3. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic buffer body is composed of symmetrically arranged elastic rings (41).

4. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic ring (41) has a groove (6) in the middle.

5. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The size of the elastic buffer body is smaller than the size of the cavity (1).

6. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structure and working principle of the second damping structure (5) are consistent with those of the first damping structure (4).

7. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity two (3) is provided with a shock-absorbing structure three (7) inside one end near the shock-absorbing structure two (5). The shock-absorbing structure three (7) includes a buffer plate one (71) connected to one end of the shock-absorbing structure two (5), a buffer plate two (72) disposed on one side of the buffer plate one (71), and an elastic buffer body two (73) installed between the buffer plate one (71) and the buffer plate two (72). The shock-absorbing structure three (7) is disposed on the outer wall of the transmission shaft assembly (15).

8. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer walls of the first buffer plate (71) and the second buffer plate (72) are in contact with the inner wall of the multi-section outer shell (11).

9. A screw drill bit with an active vibration damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a directional drilling device (8), which is threadedly connected to the bypass valve assembly (12).

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