A compound rotating mechanism based on coupling of low energy consumption, action radius difference, torque difference and apparent weight difference

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, action radius difference, torque difference and apparent weight difference coupling, including rotating mechanism, counterweight assembly, telescopic drive unit, track guide structure and water environment support unit.Counterweight is reduced and reset using buoyancy underwater, and the gravity torque is amplified through variable force arm on the water surface side, and the motion resistance is reduced by matching synchronous annular water flow.Under the premise of external electric energy driving telescopic, the rotating operation energy consumption is effectively reduced.The application has stable structure, accurate control, does not violate the law of conservation of energy, is suitable for various transmission driving and power generation scenes, and has good practicability and economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gravitational potential energy utilization and power transmission technology, and in particular to a composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, difference in working radius, difference in torque and difference in apparent weight coupling. Background Technology

[0002] The law of conservation of energy is the core principle followed in the field of energy utilization. Energy cannot be created or destroyed out of thin air; it can only be transformed through various natural potential differences. Current human energy technologies rely on potential differences such as altitude, temperature, and pressure to capture and utilize energy. There is no creation of energy out of thin air. The current mainstream energy system faces many intractable bottlenecks: fossil fuel-driven heat engines have extremely low energy conversion efficiency, with a large amount of energy dissipated as waste heat, accompanied by resource depletion and environmental pollution; clean energy sources such as hydropower and wind power are limited by geographical and climatic conditions, resulting in highly intermittent energy output, making them unsuitable as stable baseload energy sources; traditional gravity energy storage devices rely on external energy to drive the gravitational potential energy to reset, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency and difficulty in meeting long-term energy needs.

[0003] In the sub-field of efficient conversion of gravitational potential energy and continuous rotational drive, existing mechanisms suffer from numerous inherent technical defects, failing to achieve efficient and stable conversion of potential energy into mechanical energy. The specific core pain points are as follows: First, the energy consumption for short-radius reset of the counterweight module is too high, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency. Traditional gravity-driven mechanisms often employ solid, fixed counterweight modules. The short-radius reset stage requires overcoming the counterweight module's own weight, leading to high mechanical losses, low energy conversion rates, and the need for substantial external energy to maintain operation. Simultaneously, these mechanisms often utilize conventional linkage and hinged transmission structures, which cannot achieve precise control and rigid locking of the short-radius length, resulting in large torque output fluctuations and difficulty in meeting the requirements for continuous and stable operation.

[0004] Secondly, there is a lack of a mechanism for the coordinated utilization of both air and water environments, resulting in a single form of potential energy utilization. The existing rotary drive mechanism is only suitable for a single air environment and does not take into account the buoyancy characteristics of water to reduce the resistance and energy consumption of the short-radius reset of the counterweight module. It cannot achieve drag reduction by switching between air and water operating conditions, which greatly limits the energy utilization methods and makes it difficult to fundamentally improve the operating efficiency of the mechanism.

[0005] Third, the potential energy difference cannot be converted into continuous and controllable effective operating power. Current gravity and buoyancy-based drive mechanisms can only generate instantaneous and local potential differences, and cannot convert scattered gravity differences and apparent weight differences into continuous and stable rotational torque output. The industry generally faces common technical problems such as "high reset resistance with short operating radius, high energy consumption for maintaining operation, and discontinuous operation".

[0006] Existing gravity and buoyancy-driven mechanisms struggle to achieve stable and continuous operation. The fundamental reasons are as follows: relying solely on gravity or buoyancy results in a limited form of potential energy utilization, failing to achieve multi-factor synergy; the counterweight module's short-radius reset requires overcoming its own weight, leading to high reset energy consumption and significant energy loss; the inability to precisely control the short-radius and reliably lock it with the motor's electromagnetic braking results in large torque output fluctuations and unstable movement; and the inability to reduce short-radius reset resistance through operating condition switching. These problems cause existing mechanisms to suffer from high energy consumption, significant losses, and discontinuous operation, failing to achieve efficient and rational utilization of gravitational potential energy within the framework of energy conservation.

[0007] For example, CN201110115518.6 proposes a self-propelled vehicle with directional control function driven by gravitational potential energy, including a frame, a counterweight, a rope transmission mechanism, and a directional control mechanism. This invention has the advantages of using gravitational potential energy for driving and not requiring an external power source. However, the counterweight of this device is a solid structure, and during the short-radius reset process, it is necessary to overcome the entire weight of the counterweight to do work, resulting in large energy loss. It does not have a buoyancy balancing mechanism to reduce the short-radius reset resistance, the radius of action is not adjustable, and the utilization rate of the falling work torque is low, failing to solve the above problems.

[0008] For example, CN106762382A discloses a buoyancy and gravity cycle power generation device, which includes a support frame, a buoyancy power generation mechanism, a transmission mechanism, and a generator. It uses the buoyancy of water to drive a counterweight to move in a circle to generate mechanical energy. This invention has the advantages of using buoyancy to assist drive and not requiring an external power source. However, the counterweight of this device is a solid or simple closed structure. After entering the water, the buoyancy cannot be precisely controlled, and it cannot achieve a near-suspended state in the water. During the short-radius reset process, it still needs to overcome a large amount of work done by the effective counterweight. The length of the radius of action is fixed, and the falling work torque cannot be dynamically optimized with the rotation angle. The rotation torque fluctuates greatly, resulting in poor running stability. At the same time, the device does not have a double-track guide structure and screw transmission. The guiding accuracy is insufficient during the movement of the counterweight, which is prone to deviation and jamming. It cannot achieve precise scene switching control between air-side extension and underwater short-radius reset, and fails to effectively solve the above problems.

[0009] In summary, existing technologies cannot solve the problems of inefficiency, pollution, and intermittency of traditional energy sources, nor can they overcome the core bottlenecks in the field of gravitational potential energy utilization, such as high reset resistance in short-radius applications, limited application scenarios, difficulty in converting potential differences, and water resistance limiting rotational speed. The industry urgently needs a new type of mechanism that follows the law of conservation of energy, has a counterweight module that enables low-resistance switching between air and water scenarios, integrates multi-parameter precise control, and is equipped with a synchronous annular water flow drag reduction mechanism. This mechanism can reduce rotational maintenance energy consumption, realize the utilization of gravitational potential energy, and stably output mechanical energy. This invention is proposed to address the aforementioned industry pain points and technological gaps. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a composite rotating mechanism based on the coupling of low energy consumption, difference in operating radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight. This solves the problems of high reset energy consumption, inefficient driving torque output, poor operational stability, and lack of a mechanism for the coordinated utilization of air and water in dual scenarios in traditional gravity-driven devices.

[0011] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, difference in effective radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight coupling, characterized in that it comprises: a support frame, a support platform, a bearing seat, a central rotating shaft, and multiple sets of torque generating mechanisms evenly spaced circumferentially on the central rotating shaft; the support frame is fixedly installed in a site containing water, the support platform is fixedly installed on the support frame, the bearing seat is fixedly installed on the support platform, and the central rotating shaft rotatably engages with the bearing seat; the torque generating mechanism includes a vertical rod, a drive assembly, a track guide assembly, a connecting rod, a counterweight placement frame, and a counterweight module; the vertical rod is radially fixed to the central rotating shaft, and multiple horizontal bars are arranged along the height direction on the vertical rod. The drive assembly is installed on the horizontal bars and is used to drive the counterweight module to extend or retract radially to adjust and reset the effective radius. The track guide assembly is a double-track structure, used to guide the radial movement of the counterweight module and withstand vertical forces. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the transmission slider of the drive assembly, and the other end is connected to the counterweight placement frame; the counterweight module is detachably installed inside the counterweight placement frame. The PLC controller coordinates the timing of the actions of each torque-generating mechanism: when the counterweight module rotates approximately 5° before reaching the horizontal position of the central shaft, a corresponding control signal is triggered in advance (first trigger point), causing the counterweight module to maintain a radially extended state during this stage until it is fully submerged in water; after the counterweight module continues to rotate and is fully submerged, the drive motor is triggered (second trigger point) to reverse, causing the counterweight module to slowly retract radially, gradually achieving short-radius reset. During the reset process, the buoyancy of the water is used to reduce reset energy consumption, thus lowering the energy consumption for short-radius reset. The counterweight module maintains a radially extended state on the falling side, forming a bias torque and releasing gravitational potential energy; after rotating directly below the central shaft, it enters the rising side, resetting upwards with low resistance in a short-radius state, thereby driving the mechanism to operate continuously.

[0012] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a motor and a lead screw, with the motor's output shaft connected to one end of the lead screw. A transmission slider, specifically a first slider, is mounted on the lead screw, forming a threaded drive engagement with it. This first slider can move axially along the lead screw, which is a ball screw. After the counterweight module is in place, the electromagnetic brake equipped on the motor reliably locks and positions the module, ensuring a stable and unchanged radius of action.

[0013] Furthermore, the track guide assembly includes a first track and a second track. The first track is fixed to the crossbar, and a first slider is slidably mounted on the first track; the second track is located inside the vertical bar, and second sliders on both sides of the counterweight placement frame are slidably mounted on the second track, together forming a double-track guide structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the counterweight module is integrally welded from a metal frame and a closed air cavity. The closed air cavity is fully welded and sealed, and pressure-resistant reinforcing ribs are welded to the inner side of the cavity. By adjusting the volume of the closed air cavity, the overall mass density of the counterweight module is controlled to be close to that of water, so that it is in a near-suspended state in water, using buoyancy to offset its own weight.

[0015] Furthermore, the counterweight module is uniformly provided with multiple through-flow channels on its exterior to guide water flow and reduce resistance and impact when the counterweight module enters and moves in the water.

[0016] Furthermore, the support platform is equipped with a PLC controller, a servo driver, and dual-point sensing elements, which are electrically connected to each group of motors. A slip ring is provided on the central rotating shaft to ensure stable and reliable electrical connection during rotation. The dual-point sensing elements have a first trigger position and a second trigger position. The first trigger position is located 5° before the horizontal position of the central rotating shaft, and the second trigger position corresponds to the position where the counterweight module is fully submerged in water. The dual-point sensing elements transmit position signals to the PLC controller, which then controls the motors to extend the counterweight module at the first trigger position and begin retracting it at the second trigger position.

[0017] Furthermore, the site is a water tank, with a drain pipe on one side of the tank. A float valve is installed on the drain pipe, which automatically opens or closes depending on the water level, keeping the water level in the tank constant. The water level is set to the height of the counterweight module's telescopic stroke.

[0018] Furthermore, the pool is equipped with a ring-shaped water circulation system, meaning the pool is ring-shaped and the water is circulated in the ring-shaped pool by a water flow drive device, so that the water flow direction matches the rotation direction of the mechanism and matches the linear velocity of the outer side of the counterweight module, so as to achieve minimum water resistance and maximum operating efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, the vertical rods are connected and fixed by reinforcing ribs to improve the overall structural strength, reduce component wear, and minimize deformation.

[0020] Beneficial effects The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Low energy consumption in switching between air and water scenarios for the counterweight module: By controlling the switching between air and water and using buoyancy to unload the counterweight module, energy loss during scenario switching can be reduced, solving the problems of existing technologies being difficult to adapt to dual scenarios and having high reset resistance. This invention adopts a semi-submerged dual-scenario rotating structure, and uses a float valve and drain pipe to stably control the water level, improving the defects of uncontrollable water level and unstable operating conditions in traditional mechanisms. It overcomes the limitations of a single environment and achieves coordinated drag reduction by gravity and buoyancy, reducing the operating load of the counterweight module.

[0021] (2) The counterweight module is accurately positioned for extension and retraction, and the torque output is stable and controllable: The screw drive is used to achieve accurate positioning of the counterweight module extension and retraction. Combined with the advance triggering strategy and the low-speed and stable extension and retraction speed, the timing of the counterweight module extension can be accurately controlled, the effective working time of the large radius state can be extended, the radius difference can be accurately adjusted, the motion impact can be effectively reduced, the running stability can be improved, and the torque output can be stable and reliable to meet the requirements of ultra-low speed and stable operation.

[0022] (3) Smooth screw transmission and accurate and reliable positioning: The counterweight module is driven by a ball screw for extension and retraction, which has high transmission efficiency and smooth movement. Combined with the electromagnetic brake of the motor, it can achieve stable locking after extension. The effective radius can be steplessly and accurately adjusted and rigidly positioned. The counterweight module maintains a stable position and avoids retraction or displacement under the action of gravity and water resistance, ensuring that the effective radius is constant during the work phase and there is no additional torque loss.

[0023] (4) The dual-track guide can effectively withstand the longitudinal load of the counterweight module, significantly reduce the vertical stress of the screw drive assembly, and avoid damage or deformation due to excessive force; the counterweight module has no swaying or jamming during extension and retraction, low friction loss, and smooth operation. The structure is water-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and can be adapted to long-term stable operation in both air and water scenarios.

[0024] (5) Precise timing of actions to avoid operational imbalance: The screw motor responds quickly, and with reasonable triggering timing and precise speed control, the counterweight module extension and retraction actions are triggered instantly and precisely delayed under the control of the PLC controller. The timing of actions is highly matched, avoiding operational imbalance caused by action lag, and improving overall operating efficiency and gravitational potential energy utilization. At the same time, a stable torque difference distribution with a long working radius on the falling side and a short working radius on the rising side is formed, solving the problem of high energy consumption and difficulty in continuous and stable operation of traditional counterweight mechanisms.

[0025] (6) Short working radius significantly reduces reset energy consumption: Relying on the buoyancy unloading of the counterweight module to reduce the reset load, combined with the precise transmission of the screw, the dual-track friction reduction and timing optimization, the reset resistance and energy consumption can be greatly reduced, the reset is smooth and without jamming, and the external energy consumption required for the rotation of the mechanism is effectively reduced.

[0026] (7) Synchronous ring water flow reduces drag and has low energy consumption, resulting in significant overall efficiency improvement: The present invention adopts a ring water flow self-circulation system. By reasonably controlling the water flow velocity, the system is kept in a low driving power range. The energy consumption required to drive the water flow is low, which is much less than the energy loss due to water resistance. The overall energy efficiency is significantly improved. When multiple mechanisms share the same ring water channel, the drag reduction and energy saving effect can be further improved, which is conducive to achieving a low energy consumption, high stability, environmental protection and sustainable operation.

[0027] By employing a synchronous annular water flow drag reduction design, and using the outer edge linear velocity of the counterweight module as the control benchmark, the water flow velocity within the annular waterway is matched with the outer edge linear velocity of the counterweight, reducing the relative velocity between the counterweight module and the water body, and significantly reducing the water entry impact resistance and underwater arc-shaped running resistance. At the same time, the mechanism's effective radius and the central shaft rotation speed are set according to the principle of linear velocity matching, increasing the mechanism's operating speed and output power within the allowable water resistance range, thus solving the problem that traditional waterwheel mechanisms are difficult to operate efficiently due to water resistance limitations.

[0028] (8) Multiple technologies work together to solve the technical pain points of traditional mechanisms: This invention achieves precise transmission positioning and locking through the lead screw and motor electromagnetic braking. It is combined with multiple technologies such as dynamic adjustment of the radius of action difference, reasonable arrangement of the density parameters of the counterweight module, efficient utilization of apparent weight difference and torque difference, constant water level reference control, precise timing triggering at specific positions and synchronous annular water flow drag reduction. It systematically optimizes from the dimensions of structural design, transmission method, working condition adaptation, load distribution, timing optimization and fluid drag reduction, fundamentally improving the problems of low radius of action adjustment accuracy, large torque output fluctuation, high counterweight module reset resistance, water resistance limiting speed, easy jamming and shutdown during operation, and low potential energy utilization rate of traditional rotating mechanisms.

[0029] Compared to existing gravity rotation mechanisms that rely solely on buoyancy drag reduction or single adjustment of the radius of action, this invention achieves coordinated driving through the coupling of multiple technical elements, including the difference in radius of action, the density parameters of the counterweight module, the difference in apparent weight, and the difference in torque. Combined with synchronous annular water flow drag reduction and timing optimization design, it can significantly reduce reset resistance, minimize the limitation of water resistance on rotational speed, and effectively improve the utilization rate of gravitational potential energy. The overall technical effect is more advantageous and has high practical application value.

[0030] (9) Multi-parameter coordination achieves self-stabilization and improves overall energy efficiency: This device forms a stable working mechanism through the inherent constraints and coordinated matching of four core parameters: the base length of the working radius, the extension stroke, the mass of the counterweight module, and the state of the annular water flow, thus avoiding the limitations of single-parameter optimization. The use of a longer working radius ensures sufficient basic torque, and the combination of short-stroke extension and retraction enables precise fine-tuning of the working radius, which can reduce problems such as high energy consumption, insufficient structural stability, and difficulty in resetting caused by long-stroke adjustment; at the same time, with the help of the counterweight module, a small difference in the working radius can be transformed into a torque difference with a larger amplitude and stronger driving capability, so as to achieve small-amplitude adjustment and stable rotation.

[0031] The counterweight structure provides the system with a suitable moment of inertia, resulting in smoother operation and precise phase matching of telescopic movements at lower speeds. Synchronous annular water flow drag reduction significantly reduces water resistance, suppressing its rapid increase with rotational speed, further minimizing fluid energy consumption and mechanical losses. The overall system achieves a stable counterweight, smooth low-speed telescopic movement, moderate rotational speed, low water resistance, and low losses. Under the combined equilibrium of buoyancy, gravity, torque difference, and fluid dynamics, the system operates within a highly efficient, stable, and low-consumption range, achieving continuous and stable operation without the need for additional speed limiting devices or complex control logic, resulting in higher overall energy efficiency.

[0032] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the counterweight placement frame and connecting rod structure of the torque generating mechanism of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals: 1. Support frame; 2. Support platform; 3. Bearing seat; 4. Central rotating shaft; 5. Torque generating mechanism; 6. Reinforcing rib; 7. Vertical rod; 8. Horizontal rod; 9. Motor; 10. First track; 11. First slider; 12. Lead screw; 13. Connecting rod; 14. Counterweight placement frame; 15. Counterweight module; 16. Second slider; 17. Second track; 18. Collector ring; 19. Water tank; 20. Drain pipe; 21. Float valve. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Please see Figure 1 — Figure 3 This invention provides a technical solution: a composite rotating mechanism based on the coupling of the effective radius difference (the difference in the effective radius from the center of gravity to the central rotating shaft of the counterweight module 15 in the extended and retracted states), the torque difference (the difference between the falling work torque and the torque reset resistance, which is the effective torque for driving the rotating device to rotate), and the apparent weight difference (the difference between the weight of the same counterweight module in air and the effective weight after immersion in water). The mechanism includes a support frame 1, a support platform 2, a bearing seat 3, a central rotating shaft 4, and a torque generating mechanism 5. The support frame 1 is fixedly installed in the water tank 19 (the site of use). The support platform 2 is fixed to the support frame 1 by welding. The bearing seat 3 is fixedly installed to the support platform 2 by bolts. The central rotating shaft 4 is rotatably engaged with the bearing seat 3 and is equipped with a deep groove ball bearing.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the torque generating mechanism 5 is evenly spaced around the central rotating shaft 4 and is connected and fixed with reinforcing ribs 6 to improve the overall structural strength. The torque generating mechanism 5 includes a vertical rod 7, a motor 9, a first track 10, a first slider 11, a connecting rod 13, a counterweight placement frame 14, a counterweight module 15, a second slider 16, and a second track 17. Multiple horizontal rods 8 are provided along the height direction on the vertical rod 7, and the motor 9 is fixedly installed through the horizontal rods 8. A PLC controller, a servo driver, and a dual position sensing element are installed on the support platform 2 and electrically connected to the motor 9. A slip ring 18 is installed on the central rotating shaft 4 to ensure stable electrical connection. A lead screw 12 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 9, and the lower end of the lead screw 12 is rotatably installed on another horizontal rod 8 below. The first track 10 is vertically fixed between the horizontal bar 8 on which the motor 9 is installed and the horizontal bar 8 on which the lead screw 12 is installed. The first slider 11 is installed on the lead screw 12 and slidably engages with the first track 10; the second track 17 is located inside the vertical bar 7, forming a double-track guide structure with the first track 10; the counterweight placement frame 14 has second sliders 16 on both sides, and the second sliders 16 slidably engage with the second track 17; one end of the connecting rod 13 is fixed to the first slider 11, and the other end is fixed to the counterweight placement frame 14; the counterweight module 15 is fixedly installed in the counterweight placement frame 14 by bolts.

[0038] More preferably, the counterweight module 15 is integrally welded from a metal frame and a closed air cavity. The closed air cavity adopts a full welding sealing process, and the inner side of the cavity is welded with pressure-resistant reinforcing ribs, controlling the overall density of the counterweight module 15 to 0.95×10³~1.05×10³ kg / m³, which is suitable for room temperature clean water environment. Multiple through-flow channels are evenly opened on the outside of the counterweight module 15, which can reduce the resistance of the counterweight module 15 in water. By precisely adjusting the volume of the closed air cavity, the density parameter of the counterweight module 15 is controlled to be close to the density of water, so that the counterweight module 15 is in a near-suspended state in water, and the buoyancy can offset most of its own weight.

[0039] During its cyclical operation, the mechanism achieves precise control over the timing of actions through the first and second trigger points: The first trigger point is located approximately 5° above the horizontal line of the central rotating shaft, and the second trigger point is located when the counterweight module 15 is fully submerged in water.

[0040] When the counterweight module 15 reaches the first trigger point, the counterweight module 15 extends outward to the long working radius (referring to the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the counterweight module 15 to the central axis of the rotating mechanism), which increases the torque and thus generates a larger driving torque during the downward movement. When the counterweight module 15 runs to the second trigger point, the counterweight module 15 retracts to the short working radius with the assistance of the motor and the buoyancy of the water, reducing the energy consumption of the short working radius reset, forming different working radii in a specific area and continuously forming a dynamic working radius difference, and achieving continuous cyclic operation by relying on the continuous torque difference.

[0041] In a specific embodiment: When the mechanism is running, multiple sets of torque generating mechanisms 5 form a dynamic balance lever system with the central rotating shaft 4. When the counterweight module 15 moves to about 5° above the horizontal position of the central rotating shaft, it extends outward to form a long radius of action, releasing gravitational potential energy during the fall to drive the mechanism to rotate; when the counterweight module 15 enters the water, it retracts to a short radius of action, realizing the short radius of action reset.

[0042] The counterweight in water relies on buoyancy to significantly reduce its effective weight, thereby reducing the energy consumption for resetting within a short radius of action. The gravitational potential energy released on the falling side can simultaneously compensate for the energy consumption, mechanical friction, and water resistance of the counterweight on the rising side in water and air. The motor only needs to overcome the system's operating resistance to maintain operation.

[0043] The system employs a strategy of triggering the extension approximately 5° above the horizontal position of the central axis, combined with a slow extension and retraction speed, to ensure that the extension action is completed before the gravity-induced descent phase, thereby achieving continuous and stable rotation.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown in the diagram, the arc arrows indicate the rotation direction of the mechanism, the red and green arrows indicate the movement direction of the counterweight module 15, and the blue arrow indicates the water flow direction. A drain pipe 20 is provided on one side of the water tank 19, and the drain pipe 20 is equipped with a float valve 21, which can automatically open and close according to the water level to maintain a constant water level. The water tank 19 adopts a ring structure and is equipped with a water self-circulation system. The water flow direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the mechanism, and the water flow velocity is controlled at 0.1–0.6 m / s, matching the external linear velocity of the counterweight module 15, to reduce water resistance and improve operating efficiency.

[0045] In a specific embodiment: the present invention achieves energy savings by setting up a water tank 19 to operate in both air and water scenarios and by reducing drag through synchronous circular water flow. The following is a comparison of the water-bearing condition (buoyancy unloading + synchronous water flow) and the waterless pure gravity condition, all other things being equal:

[0046] Under waterless pure gravity conditions, the energy consumed by the counterweight module 15 to retract from the long working radius to the short working radius is greater than the energy released by the gravitational potential energy on the falling side. The counterweight module 15 needs to overcome all its own weight and running resistance to reset. The mechanism is insufficient to achieve continuous rotation, resulting in high energy consumption and poor running stability. This invention employs a dual-scenario layout, utilizing both air and water. The counterweight module 15, underwater, utilizes buoyancy to offset most of its own weight, simultaneously retracting to a short effective radius. This significantly reduces the resistance and energy consumption during the effective radius switching and reset. The overall reset of the counterweight module 15 on the rising side is primarily achieved through the gravitational potential energy released on the falling side. Combined with synchronous annular water flow drag reduction, the overall operational resistance of the mechanism is greatly reduced, enabling continuous and stable operation.

[0047] Under the same working stroke and counterweight module 15 conditions, the present invention can reduce the mechanism's reset resistance and significantly reduce the energy consumption required to maintain rotation by using multiple means such as adjusting the working radius of the counterweight module 15, precise position timing triggering, low friction transmission of the lead screw, and synchronous annular water flow drag reduction, thereby achieving higher energy utilization efficiency.

[0048] The above comparison is only used to illustrate the effect of reducing resistance. The total input energy of the mechanism includes gravitational potential energy, external control electrical energy and water flow driving electrical energy. The total output energy is not greater than the total input energy, which fully complies with the law of conservation of energy.

[0049] In another embodiment different from the above embodiment, the telescopic drive mechanism of the counterweight module 15 can also adopt a hydraulic drive method to replace the combination of ball screw and servo motor. The radial extension and retraction of the counterweight module 15 can be realized by hydraulic cylinder. Its working principle and the coordination relationship of the whole machine movement are consistent with the above embodiment, only the drive form is different, and it will not be described again here.

[0050] Working principle: The core working cycle of this device is explained by the timing switching action of multiple torque generating mechanisms.

[0051] 1. Constant water level: The mechanism fixes the water level height through the water level adjustment component, so that the horizontal plane of the central rotating shaft forms a constant gravity release stroke from the water surface, ensuring a stable and uniform trigger reference position and ensuring accurate execution of subsequent actions.

[0052] 2. Counterweight module 15 extension stage: When the counterweight module 15 rotates with the central shaft and reaches the preset trigger point near the horizontal position of the central shaft, the PLC controller controls the lead screw motor to start. The lead screw drive drives the counterweight module 15 to extend radially and accurately to the set horizontal stroke at a heavy-load safe speed, forming a long working radius. The lead screw and locking mechanism ensure that the counterweight module 15 has no displacement or shaking after extension.

[0053] 3. Falling phase of counterweight module 15: Before the counterweight module 15 rotates downward from the horizontal position to be fully submerged in water, it maintains a long working radius extended state throughout the entire process.

[0054] The falling torque formed by the longer radius of action on the side is greater than the rising resistance torque formed by the shorter radius of action on the opposite side. Under the action of the torque difference, the counterweight module 15 rotates downward, releasing gravitational potential energy and converting it into rotational torque.

[0055] 4. Reset stage of counterweight module 15 in water with short working radius: When the counterweight module 15 rotates to the fully submerged reset trigger point, the PLC controller controls the motor to reverse, and the screw drive drives the counterweight module 15 to retract. When it is directly below the central rotating shaft, the switch reset from long working radius to short working radius is completed. The buoyancy counteracts its own weight, and the reset energy consumption is reduced.

[0056] 5. Low-resistance lifting and resetting stage of counterweight module 15: After resetting with a short radius of action, the counterweight module 15 relies on the buoyancy of the water to offset most of its own weight, and is lifted and reset with less resistance under a short radius of action; after exiting the water, the buoyancy disappears, the counterweight returns to its full weight, but still maintains the short radius of action state and continues to rise, and the energy consumption required for overall reset is greatly reduced.

[0057] The counterweight module 15 rises from the low position to the high position, completing the reset cycle of gravitational potential energy and preparing for the next release of work.

[0058] Finally, the counterweight module 15 rotates to the vicinity of the horizontal extension trigger position, completing a single working cycle.

[0059] Multiple counterweight modules 15 operate alternately in sequence, releasing gravitational potential energy by falling with a long radius of action and restoring gravitational potential energy by lifting with a short radius of action and low resistance. Under the premise that the external motor continuously controls the switching of the radius of action, there is always a torque difference to drive the mechanism to rotate continuously and stably.

[0060] 6. Synchronous Circular Water Flow Drag Reduction: To further reduce the impact of the counterweight module 15 entering the water and its underwater running resistance, this invention employs a circular water flow circulation system. This system ensures that the water flow in the movement area of ​​the counterweight module 15 flows synchronously and in the same direction as the surface movement of the counterweight module 15, reducing the relative velocity between the counterweight module 15 and the water body, thereby lowering the running resistance. Furthermore, the water flow velocity is adjusted in real time by a PLC controller to be essentially consistent with the linear velocity of the outer edge of the counterweight module 15, bringing the relative velocity between the counterweight module 15 and the water body close to zero; thus achieving low-resistance, low-energy-consumption rotation.

[0061] The following example uses a 100-ton counterweight module 15, whose structure and motion parameters are, for example, but not limited to: Core structural parameters Distance from the center pivot to the center of gravity of counterweight module 15 in retracted state: 9m (short radius of action); Counterweight module 15 horizontal radial extension stroke: 1.5m; After extending into position, the distance from the center of gravity of the counterweight module 15 to the central pivot is 10.5m (long radius of action). Effective gravity release stroke of a single counterweight module (fall area arc length / height): 9m; The counterweight module 15 has a density close to that of water. Its buoyancy in water can offset about 90% to 99% of its own weight, significantly reducing the reset load and lowering drive energy consumption and mechanical wear.

[0062] Motion speed and time parameters The time it takes for the machine to complete one rotation is approximately 240 seconds (4 minutes). Radial extension speed: 0.3 m / s, extension time approximately 5 seconds; Radial recovery velocity: 0.3 m / s, recovery time approximately 5 seconds; The time for a single counterweight module to release gravitational potential energy is approximately 20 seconds. The radial extension time accounts for approximately 20% of the gravitational potential energy release time.

[0063] Drive and auxiliary system configuration Counterweight Module 15 Telescopic Drive Mechanism: It adopts a combination drive of heavy-duty variable frequency brake motor and large reduction ratio reducer, with a rated power of 7.5kW. It is equipped with mechanical brake, overload protection and positioning lock structure, and is suitable for ball screw intermittent high-speed telescopic drive. It meets the radial telescopic speed requirement of 0.3m / s, and has smooth start and stop and reliable locking. It is suitable for the intermittent operation of the whole machine.

[0064] Synchronous Circular Flow Drag Reduction Parameters To further reduce the underwater drag of the counterweight module 15, the entire unit is equipped with a submersible thruster / circulating thruster with a power range of 0.75kW to 1.5kW, and operates in an intermittent mode. It is activated during the equipment startup phase, and after establishing circulation, it switches to low-speed operation or shuts down, resulting in low actual energy consumption. The velocity of the annular water flow is controlled between 0.1 and 0.7 m / s, which matches the linear velocity of the outer edge of the counterweight module 15. By maintaining a synchronous water flow in the same direction as the counterweight module 15 through a water circulation system, drag reduction and efficiency improvement are achieved.

[0065] Core technology logic and mechanical quantitative verification This mechanism relies on the synergistic effect of four factors: the difference in the radius of action at a specific location, the matching of counterweight density, the difference in torque, and the difference in apparent weight. Combined with a synchronous annular water flow drag reduction mechanism, it achieves efficient operation. The entire process conforms to classical physical laws. Its core purpose is to reduce the energy consumption for maintaining rotation, rather than generating energy out of thin air.

[0066] 1. Synergistic Relationship of Core Elements The difference in the radius of action is the core structural basis for achieving continuous rotation of the mechanism.

[0067] The counterweight module 15 maintains a long radius of action near the horizontal position of the central pivot and in the falling area. The gravitational torque on this side is greater than that on the opposite side. Under its own gravity, it rotates downward, converting gravitational potential energy into rotational kinetic energy. At the same time, it uses the torque difference to drive the counterweight module 15 on the opposite side with a short radius of action to lift synchronously and achieve reset.

[0068] After entering the water, the counterweight module 15 retracts to its shortest effective radius directly below the central pivot, relying on buoyancy to offset most of its own weight. This reduces the effective gravity and significantly lowers the required reset energy consumption during the retraction process. After passing the lowest position of the central pivot, the counterweight module 15 continues to move upward with the assistance of buoyancy and in a short effective radius state. After exiting the water, the counterweight module 15 returns to full gravity but continues to rise upward while maintaining a short effective radius until it returns to its initial high position, allowing gravitational potential energy to be re-established and completing a single cycle.

[0069] Synchronous circular water flow can reduce the water resistance of the counterweight module 15. Combined with electromagnetic braking, it can reliably lock the extension and retraction position of the counterweight module 15, and finally form a continuous cycle of gravitational potential energy release, low-consumption reset and potential energy reconstruction, so as to realize the stable operation of the mechanism with low energy consumption.

[0070] 2. Force Rectangle Quantization Logic Set the short radius of action (radius of center of gravity in the retracted state) r1 = 9.0m, the long radius of action (radius of center of gravity in the extended state) r2 = 10.5m, the actual weight of counterweight module 15 G = mg, and the effective weight in water G': Airfall work section: Counterweight module 15 maintains a long radius of action, generating a falling work torque Mfall = G × r2; Underwater reset section: Counterweight module 15 retracts to a short working radius, is unloaded by buoyancy, and the reset torque M_reset_underwater = G' × r1; Air reset section: Counterweight module 15 maintains a short radius of action, and the reset torque M reset air = G × r1; The net driving torque of the mechanism is the difference between the falling torque and the restoring torque and the combined loss torque, i.e. ΔM = M_fall - (M_reset underwater + M_reset air + M_loss) The device achieves continuous rotation by relying on the torque difference formed between the falling side and the reset side. The external electrical control and drive mechanism are only used to complete the extension and reset of the counterweight module 15 at the set position, and do not directly drive the whole machine to rotate continuously.

[0071] 3. Logic of Energy Conversion and Loss The energy conversion of the device strictly follows the law of conservation of energy. During the descent, the counterweight module 15 releases gravitational potential energy E_release = G × H along the stroke H. The reset process is divided into two parts: underwater low-consumption reset and air low-consumption reset. The total reset energy consumption E_consumption = E_underwater + E_outwater, where h_underwater is the underwater reset stroke and h_outwater is the air reset stroke, and h_underwater + h_outwater = H. By utilizing buoyancy to reduce load and shorten the radius of action during the underwater stage, the reset energy consumption is significantly reduced, thereby reducing overall machine operating losses and improving operational stability and energy-saving effects.

[0072] 4. Essential conclusions of mechanics Gravity is only the source of the rotational torque; it does not generate excess energy or automatically save work. The core of this invention lies in switching the effective radius of the counterweight module 15 in a manner with extremely low energy consumption: In a horizontal position and in a water environment, the radius of action can be expanded and contracted by buoyancy, so that the extension and retraction of the counterweight module 15 hardly needs to overcome gravity, resulting in minimal energy consumption.

[0073] A difference in the effective radius is created by switching the radius: The air zone counterweight module 15 falls with a long radius of action, making full use of gravity to generate a large driving torque; The underwater counterweight module 15 is lifted with a short radius of action, resulting in a smaller rotational resistance torque. The machine rotates by relying on the torque difference, allowing the gravitational potential energy to naturally complete the cycle under the structure of "release at the long radius of action and reset at the short radius of action", thus achieving continuous operation.

[0074] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0075] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite rotating mechanism based on the coupling of low energy consumption, difference in working radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight, characterized in that, include: The support frame (1), support platform (2), bearing seat (3), central rotating shaft (4) and multiple sets of torque generating mechanisms (5) evenly spaced around the central rotating shaft (4); the support frame (1) is fixedly installed in a site with water, the support platform (2) is fixedly installed on the support frame (1), the bearing seat (3) is fixedly installed on the support platform (2), and the central rotating shaft (4) is rotatably engaged with the bearing seat (3); The torque generating mechanism (5) includes a vertical rod (7), a drive assembly, a track guide assembly, a connecting rod (13), a counterweight placement frame (14), and a counterweight module (15). The vertical rod (7) is fixed radially to the central rotating shaft (4), and the vertical rod (7) is provided with multiple horizontal bars (8) distributed along the height direction. The drive assembly is installed on the horizontal bars (8) and is used to drive the counterweight module (15) to extend or reset radially. The track guide assembly is a double track structure and is used to guide the radial movement of the counterweight module (15) and bear the longitudinal load. One end of the connecting rod (13) is connected to the transmission slider of the drive assembly, and the other end is connected to the counterweight placement frame (14). The counterweight module (15) is detachably installed on the counterweight placement frame (14). The composite rotating mechanism uses gravity as the driving force for the rotational torque, and the effective radius of the counterweight module (15) can be switched in a low-energy-consumption manner. The composite rotating mechanism includes a PLC controller and a position detection element. When the counterweight module (15) runs in the air to the vicinity of the horizontal position of the central rotating shaft, it extends radially to form a long working radius. After the counterweight module (15) enters the water, it is radially reset to a short working radius with the help of water buoyancy, reducing the energy consumption of retraction; the falling side maintains a long working radius to generate driving torque, and the rising side maintains a short working radius to reduce lifting resistance, relying on the continuous torque difference between the two sides to drive the central rotating shaft to rotate continuously.

2. The composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, difference in working radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a motor (9) and a lead screw (12), and the output shaft of the motor (9) is connected to one end of the lead screw (12); The lead screw (12) is provided with a first slider (11), which is threadedly engaged with the lead screw (12) and can move along the axial direction of the lead screw (12); The motor (9) is equipped with an electromagnetic braking structure, which is used to lock and position the counterweight module (15) after it moves into place, so that the radius of action remains fixed.

3. The composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, difference in working radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The track guide assembly includes a first track (10) and a second track (17); The first track (10) is fixed on the two crossbars (8), and the first slider (11) is slidably engaged with the first track (10). The second track (17) is located inside the vertical rod (7), and the counterweight placement frame (14) is provided with second sliders (16) on both sides. The second sliders (16) are slidably engaged with the second track (17). The first track (10) and the second track (17) together form a dual-track guide structure.

4. The composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, difference in working radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The counterweight module (15) is formed by welding a metal frame and a closed air cavity. The closed air cavity adopts a fully welded sealed structure and is provided with pressure-resistant reinforcing ribs on the inner side of the cavity. By adjusting the volume of the closed air cavity, the overall density of the counterweight module (15) is controlled to be close to the density of water, so that the apparent weight of the counterweight module (15) in water is reduced.

5. The composite rotary mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The counterweight module (15) has multiple through-flow channels evenly distributed on its exterior. These channels are used to guide water flow, thereby reducing the resistance of the counterweight module (15) in water movement and the impact of water entry.

6. The composite rotary mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support platform (2) is equipped with a PLC controller, a servo driver and a dual position sensing element, and is electrically connected to each of the motors (9); The central rotating shaft (4) is provided with a collector ring (18) to ensure stable electrical connection during rotation; The dual-position sensing element has a first trigger position and a second trigger position. The first trigger position is located at approximately 5° above the horizontal position, and the second trigger position is located where the counterweight module is completely immersed in water. The dual position sensing element sends a position signal to the PLC controller. The PLC controller controls the motor (9) to move according to the position signal, so that the counterweight module (15) extends at the first trigger position and retracts at the second trigger position.

7. The composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, difference in working radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite rotating mechanism also includes a water tank (19), on one side of which is provided a drain pipe (20), and the drain pipe (20) is provided with a float valve (21) for automatically maintaining a constant water level in the water tank; The water level is sufficient to allow the counterweight module to extend and retract completely. The pool (19) is equipped with an annular water circulation device, which can generate an annular water flow in the same direction as the rotation of the mechanism. The flow rate of the annular water flow is adapted to the linear velocity of the counterweight module (15) after it extends.

8. The composite rotating mechanism based on low energy consumption, difference in working radius, difference in torque, and difference in apparent weight coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical rods (7) are connected and fixed by reinforcing ribs (6) to improve the overall structural strength, reduce component wear and deformation.

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