A method and system for monitoring the displacement of a PC track beam by optical fiber

Abstract

The application discloses a PC track beam optical fiber displacement shape adjustment monitoring method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring design linear data, establishing a design linear reference and a design section posture sequence; setting an upper adjustment push rod, a lower adjustment push rod, an upper displacement sensor and a lower displacement sensor from a first support position to an n-th support position of a track beam side mold, and setting an upper layer distributed optical fiber sensor and a lower layer distributed optical fiber sensor at the back of the side mold, wherein n is an integer greater than 1; calculating an upper target alignment program sequence, a lower target alignment program sequence and a differential alignment program sequence according to the design section posture sequence; and adjusting the shape by controlling the upper adjustment push rod and the lower adjustment push rod according to the upper target alignment program sequence, the lower target alignment program sequence and displacement feedback. Through the collaborative design of continuous sensing by the optical fiber and displacement closed-loop shape adjustment, the application realizes the integration of PC track beam mold linear control, pouring monitoring and abnormality identification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of precast concrete component manufacturing technology, and in particular to a fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring method and system for PC track beams. Background Technology

[0002] The straddle-type monorail PC track beam has spatial linear characteristics such as planar curves, vertical curves and ultra-high torsion, which requires high precision in formwork forming and stability in the casting process.

[0003] In existing technologies, adjustable templates are typically used in conjunction with total stations, laser measurements, or continuous post-beam inspections to check and correct the template position or beam alignment. While these methods can improve construction accuracy to some extent, they still present technical challenges closely related to this invention that are easily overlooked:

[0004] Firstly, during the concrete pouring process, both local bulging of the side formwork and slight retraction of the support mechanism may cause dimensional deviations. However, although the two have similar characteristics, their causes are different. Existing methods can only detect the deviations in the results and it is difficult to distinguish between "panel bulging" and "support retraction" online during pouring, thus making it impossible to take timely and targeted measures.

[0005] Secondly, the superelevation and torsion of the curved track beam are actually controlled by the differential adjustment points of the upper and lower layers on the same cross section, and are superimposed by the rebound of the steel formwork and the gap elimination of the splice. This can easily lead to a situation where the displacement is basically in place, but the overall spatial alignment is still locally distorted. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of PC track beams, the method comprising:

[0007] Acquire design alignment data, and establish design alignment datum and design section attitude sequence;

[0008] An upper adjusting push rod, a lower adjusting push rod, an upper displacement sensor, and a lower displacement sensor are installed at the first support position to the nth support position of the side formwork of the track beam. An upper distributed optical fiber sensor and a lower distributed optical fiber sensor are installed on the back of the side formwork, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0009] Calculate the upper target travel sequence, lower target travel sequence, and differential travel sequence based on the design cross-section attitude sequence;

[0010] The upper and lower adjustment push rods are controlled based on the upper target stroke sequence, the lower target stroke sequence, and displacement feedback to complete the shaping;

[0011] Continuous strain data from upper-layer distributed fiber optic sensors and lower-layer distributed fiber optic sensors are collected, and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and actual spatial shape are reconstructed by combining the differential stroke sequence.

[0012] The actual spatial alignment is registered with the design alignment reference, and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence is registered with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to generate the upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence, and then the secondary alignment is adjusted accordingly.

[0013] Record displacement and strain reference data under locked conditions;

[0014] Displacement data and continuous strain data are collected during the casting process. When the displacement data regresses and the continuous strain data does not form an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a support retraction event. When the displacement data remains locked and the continuous strain data forms an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a local bulge event.

[0015] Furthermore, the design alignment data includes design horizontal curves, design vertical curves, design superelevation, and section numbers, and the design section attitude sequence is generated based on the design horizontal curves, the design vertical curves, the design superelevation, and the section numbers.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper displacement sensor is connected in parallel with the upper adjusting push rod, and the lower displacement sensor is connected in parallel with the lower adjusting push rod; the upper distributed optical fiber sensor is fixed to the upper reinforcing area of ​​the back of the side mold, and the lower distributed optical fiber sensor is fixed to the lower reinforcing area of ​​the back of the side mold.

[0017] Furthermore, based on the design cross-section attitude sequence, the upper target stroke sequence and the lower target stroke sequence corresponding to the first support position to the nth support position are generated, and the differential stroke sequence is generated from the upper target stroke and the lower target stroke of the same support position.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper contour line is reconstructed based on the continuous strain data output by the upper distributed optical fiber sensor, and the lower contour line is reconstructed based on the continuous strain data output by the lower distributed optical fiber sensor. The actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and the actual spatial shape are generated by the tangent recursion method based on the upper contour line, the lower contour line and the differential stroke sequence.

[0019] Further, the actual spatial alignment is registered with the design alignment reference to obtain the alignment deviation, the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence is registered with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to obtain the attitude deviation, and the upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence are generated based on the alignment deviation and the attitude deviation.

[0020] Furthermore, when the displacement data corresponding to the first abnormal support position undergoes a regression change relative to the displacement reference data, and the continuous strain data corresponding to the first abnormal support position does not form the outer bulge strain band, the abnormality corresponding to the first abnormal support position is identified as the support retraction event.

[0021] Furthermore, when the displacement data corresponding to the second abnormal support position maintains a locked displacement relative to the displacement reference data, and the continuous strain data corresponding to the second abnormal support position forms the outer bulge strain band, and the actual spatial line shape forms a local outer bulge profile at the second abnormal support position, the abnormality corresponding to the second abnormal support position is identified as the local bulging event.

[0022] A method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of PC track beams further includes: performing neighborhood differential decoupling and interlayer collaborative verification based on continuous strain data of the initial casting stage, and extracting local residual strain zones as the discrimination input for the outer bulging strain zones.

[0023] A fiber optic displacement adjustment and monitoring system for PC track beams, the system comprising:

[0024] The design modeling module acquires design alignment data and establishes design alignment datum and design section attitude sequence.

[0025] The sensor deployment module is provided with an upper adjusting push rod, a lower adjusting push rod, an upper displacement sensor and a lower displacement sensor at the first support position to the nth support position of the side formwork of the track beam, and an upper distributed optical fiber sensor and a lower distributed optical fiber sensor are provided on the back of the side formwork, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0026] The target calculation module calculates the upper target travel sequence, the lower target travel sequence, and the differential travel sequence based on the design cross-section attitude sequence.

[0027] The coarse adjustment control module controls the upper and lower adjustment push rods to complete the shape adjustment based on the upper target stroke sequence, the lower target stroke sequence and displacement feedback.

[0028] The linear reconstruction module acquires continuous strain data from the upper-layer distributed fiber optic sensor and the lower-layer distributed fiber optic sensor, and reconstructs the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and the actual spatial linear shape by combining the differential stroke sequence.

[0029] The compensation and adjustment module registers the actual spatial alignment with the design alignment reference and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to generate an upper compensation stroke sequence and a lower compensation stroke sequence, and performs secondary adjustment accordingly.

[0030] A reference locking module, which records displacement reference data and strain reference data in the locked state;

[0031] The casting discrimination module collects displacement data and continuous strain data during the casting process. When the displacement data regresses and the continuous strain data does not form an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a support retraction event. When the displacement data remains locked and the continuous strain data forms an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a local bulging event.

[0032] The technical effects and advantages of the fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring system for PC track beams provided by this invention are as follows:

[0033] This invention achieves integrated control of PC track beam formwork alignment, casting monitoring, and anomaly identification through the collaborative design of continuous fiber optic sensing and displacement closed-loop shape adjustment. The invention improves the consistency of cross-sectional attitude and overall spatial alignment by combining upper and lower layered adjustment with continuous alignment reconstruction; enhances the stability of the adjustment process by forming a secondary adjustment closed loop through displacement feedback and fiber optic verification; distinguishes between support settling events and local bulging events through joint discrimination of displacement data and continuous strain data; and reduces the interference of the overall compressive response on anomaly identification by extracting local residual strain bands. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fiber optic displacement adjustment and monitoring method for PC track beams in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the local bulging mold discrimination preprocessing flow in Example 2 of Example 2;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a PC track beam fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring system in Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1:

[0038] Please see Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of a PC track beam, the method comprising:

[0039] S1. Obtain design alignment data and establish design alignment datum and design section attitude sequence;

[0040] S2. An upper adjusting push rod, a lower adjusting push rod, an upper displacement sensor, and a lower displacement sensor are installed at the first support position to the nth support position of the side formwork of the track beam. An upper distributed optical fiber sensor and a lower distributed optical fiber sensor are installed on the back of the side formwork, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0041] S3. Calculate the upper target travel sequence, lower target travel sequence, and differential travel sequence based on the design cross-section attitude sequence;

[0042] S4. Based on the upper target stroke sequence, lower target stroke sequence and displacement feedback, control the upper and lower adjusting push rods to complete the shaping;

[0043] S5. Collect continuous strain data from the upper-layer distributed fiber optic sensor and the lower-layer distributed fiber optic sensor, and reconstruct the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and actual spatial shape by combining the differential stroke sequence.

[0044] S6. Register the actual spatial alignment with the design alignment reference, and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to generate the upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence, and perform secondary adjustment accordingly.

[0045] S7. Record the displacement reference data and strain reference data in the locked state;

[0046] S8. During the pouring process, displacement data and continuous strain data are collected. When the displacement data regresses and the continuous strain data does not form an outer bulging strain band, it is judged as a support retraction event. When the displacement data remains locked and the continuous strain data forms an outer bulging strain band, it is judged as a local bulging event.

[0047] In this embodiment, the design alignment data serves as the input basis for alignment calculations. Preferably, it is uniformly imported from the track beam design model, construction layout documents, or design drawings, and analyzed under the same coordinate reference. The design alignment data includes design horizontal curves, design vertical curves, design superelevation, and section numbers. The design horizontal curves characterize the trajectory changes of the track beam in the horizontal plane; the design vertical curves characterize the elevation changes of the track beam along the longitudinal direction; the design superelevation characterizes the lateral tilt requirements of the track beam section around the longitudinal axis; and the section numbers identify the discrete section positions along the beam length and serve as the corresponding index between subsequent support positions, displacement data, continuous strain data, and reconstruction results.

[0048] To ensure consistency in subsequent calculations, a longitudinal baseline is first established based on the beam length direction. Then, the corresponding sections of the side formwork are numbered according to the predetermined section spacing or structural control position, forming a continuous section numbering sequence from the start end to the end end. Subsequently, the corresponding design horizontal curve parameters, design vertical curve parameters, and design superelevation parameters are extracted at each section number, and these three are uniformly converted into a target attitude description of the section in space. The target attitude description includes at least the planar turning state, vertical undulation state, and lateral tilt state of the section. The target attitude descriptions corresponding to all section numbers are arranged sequentially along the beam length direction, thus generating the design section attitude sequence. Subsequent upper target stroke sequence, lower target stroke sequence, and differential stroke sequence are all calculated directly based on the design section attitude sequence, thereby forming a continuous data transmission relationship between design input and execution control.

[0049] For example: when a section number corresponds to a curve segment and there is a superelevation requirement, the design section attitude sequence of that section simultaneously reflects its turning change and lateral tilt change. Based on this, the control system can further determine the target adjustment state of the upper and lower adjustment push rods corresponding to that section.

[0050] In this embodiment, the upper displacement sensor and the upper adjusting push rod are connected in parallel, and the lower displacement sensor and the lower adjusting push rod are also connected in parallel. The upper distributed fiber optic sensor is fixed to the upper reinforcing area of ​​the back of the side mold, and the lower distributed fiber optic sensor is fixed to the lower reinforcing area of ​​the back of the side mold. The parallel connection means that the displacement measurement unit and the corresponding adjustment execution unit are respectively connected to the same controlled part. The two act on the side mold along the same adjustment direction, but do not form a front-to-back force transmission relationship. This allows the displacement data collected by the upper displacement sensor to correspond to the actual displacement generated by the upper adjusting push rod driving the upper part of the side mold, and the displacement data collected by the lower displacement sensor to correspond to the actual displacement generated by the lower adjusting push rod driving the lower part of the side mold. The upper and lower reinforcing areas refer to the reinforcing ribs, back ribs, or their connecting parts near the upper and lower edges of the back of the side mold, which have high force transmission stability. This area can respond synchronously with the deformation of the side mold surface and is suitable as a fixed carrier for the distributed fiber optic sensor.

[0051] In specific implementation, the upper and lower adjusting push rods are respectively supported between the reaction frame and the side mold. One end of the upper displacement sensor is fixed to the reaction frame or a mounting base fixedly connected to the reaction frame, and the other end is connected to the upper back rib of the side mold. The lower displacement sensor is connected to the lower back rib of the side mold using a corresponding mounting method. With this arrangement, the pushing action output by the adjusting push rod and the relative displacement detected by the displacement sensor act on the same level component, so that the control end obtains not the theoretical extension of the actuator, but the actual displacement of the corresponding part of the side mold relative to the reaction reference. Subsequently, upper-layer displacement data and lower-layer displacement data are generated based on this, and further used for displacement feedback in shape adjustment control. Correspondingly, the upper-layer distributed optical fiber sensor and the lower-layer distributed optical fiber sensor are fixed along the length direction of the side mold to the upper and lower reinforcing areas, respectively, and keep in close contact with the back surface of the side mold, so that when the side mold bends, twists, or bulges outward, the structural strain can be stably transmitted to the optical fiber body, thereby generating continuous strain data.

[0052] It should be noted that the upper and lower displacement sensors are mainly used to characterize the local displacement response during the adjustment process, while the upper and lower distributed fiber optic sensors are mainly used to characterize the continuous deformation state of the side mold along its length. Functionally distinct, they complement each other in terms of data. The upper and lower arrangements correspond to two different stress levels in the height direction of the side mold. During the shaping process of curved beams or track beams with ultra-high requirements, the differential relationship between the upper and lower displacement data can be used to reflect the tilting state of the side mold section, while the upper and lower continuous strain data are used to reflect the actual linear response under this tilting state. Therefore, the displacement measurement path is used to obtain "how much it was pushed," and the fiber optic measurement path is used to obtain "what shape it became," providing a data foundation of the same object but different levels for subsequent coarse displacement adjustment, fine fiber optic adjustment, and anomaly detection during the casting stage.

[0053] For example: the upper and lower displacement sensors can be magnetostrictive displacement sensors, and the upper and lower distributed optical fiber sensors can be distributed optical fibers or grating arrays; during installation, the mechanical positioning of the reaction frame, adjusting push rod and side mold is completed first, then the displacement sensor is installed with the corresponding level of the push rod as the reference, and finally the optical fiber is pasted and cured in the corresponding reinforcement area on the back of the side mold; by establishing the execution reference first, then the displacement measurement reference, and finally the continuous strain measurement path, the drift of the measurement reference caused by secondary welding, reinforcement or correction after the sensor is installed can be avoided.

[0054] In this embodiment, S3 is the target travel calculation step, which specifically includes:

[0055] Based on the designed cross-section attitude sequence, upper and lower target stroke sequences are generated corresponding to the first support position to the nth support position. The differential stroke sequence is generated from the upper and lower target strokes of the same support position. The designed cross-section attitude sequence is a sequential expression of the target cross-section state of the track beam side mold at different support positions along the beam length, used to characterize the lateral positional relationship and tilt state that the corresponding cross-section should achieve. The upper target stroke sequence is the set of target displacements that the upper adjusting push rod should achieve from the first support position to the nth support position, and the lower target stroke sequence is the set of target displacements that the lower adjusting push rod should achieve from the first support position to the nth support position. The differential stroke sequence is the set of differences formed by the upper and lower target strokes of the same support position, used to characterize the inter-layer adjustment relationship of the cross-section corresponding to that support position.

[0056] In specific implementation, firstly, a one-to-one correspondence is established between the section numbers in the design section posture sequence and the first to nth support positions, so that each support position corresponds to a specific design section posture; then, using the side mold installation reference and the reaction frame reference as a unified reference, the design section posture is converted into the target positions that the upper and lower adjustment points at the support position should reach respectively; since the upper adjustment push rod acts on the upper part of the side mold and the lower adjustment push rod acts on the lower part of the side mold, the same design section posture is not directly output as a single adjustment amount during calculation, but is decomposed into two parts: the upper target stroke and the lower target stroke; thus, the control end can control the upper and lower adjustment push rods to reach the corresponding target positions separately during subsequent shaping, instead of making a general correction based solely on the overall deviation of the section.

[0057] Based on the above, a differential stroke sequence is generated from the upper and lower target strokes of the same support position. The same support position refers to the upper and lower adjustment push rods located under the same cross-section number and acting together on that cross-section. The differential stroke is not independently input data, but derived data obtained by corresponding calculations of the upper and lower target strokes of the support position. This derived data is used to reflect the relative relationship between the upper and lower adjustment, so that when the actual cross-section attitude is reconstructed in the future, not only can continuous strain data be obtained by using the upper and lower distributed fiber optic sensors, but the tilting trend of the side mode cross-section can also be recovered by combining the differential stroke sequence. In other words, the upper and lower target stroke sequences are used to drive the adjustment, and the differential stroke sequence is used to characterize the relationship between cross-section layers. The three are connected in the method chain and do not constitute isolated data.

[0058] For example: When a curved beam section has a predetermined superelevation requirement, the upper target stroke of the corresponding support position can be greater than or less than the lower target stroke. The control end does not need to pre-set a separate tilt angle parameter. Instead, it generates a differential stroke based on the correspondence between the upper and lower target strokes of the support position, and uses this differential stroke as the data basis for subsequent section attitude verification. In the above way, the designed section attitude sequence is implemented step by step into an executable upper target stroke sequence, a lower target stroke sequence, and a verifiable differential stroke sequence, thus forming a complete implementation path from design input to execution output.

[0059] In this embodiment, S5 is the linear reconstruction step, which specifically includes:

[0060] The upper contour line is reconstructed based on the continuous strain data output by the upper distributed fiber optic sensor, and the lower contour line is reconstructed based on the continuous strain data output by the lower distributed fiber optic sensor. The actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and the actual spatial shape are then generated using a tangent recursive method based on the upper contour line, the lower contour line, and the differential stroke sequence. The continuous strain data refers to the strain distribution data continuously acquired and demodulated by the distributed fiber optic sensor along the length of the side mold. This data does not correspond to a single discrete measurement point but rather to structural deformation information along a continuous measurement path. The upper and lower contour lines are the spatial contour expressions of the upper and lower parts of the side mold, respectively, reconstructed based on the measurement paths corresponding to the upper and lower distributed fiber optic sensors. The actual cross-sectional attitude sequence is a set of actual cross-sectional states arranged sequentially along the first support position to the nth support position, used to characterize the actual lateral positional relationship and tilting state of the side mold at different cross-sections. The actual spatial shape is the overall spatial geometric expression formed by continuously unfolding the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence along the beam length direction.

[0061] In practice, the fiber optic demodulation unit first acquires continuous strain data from the upper and lower distributed fiber optic sensors. This data is then mapped to the side mold length coordinates based on the measurement position, ensuring that each strain data segment is mapped to the corresponding support section. Subsequently, according to the structural relationship of the distributed fiber optic cables conformally arranged in the reinforcement area on the back of the side mold, the continuous strain data is converted into bending change information along the corresponding measurement path, forming upper and lower contour reconstruction inputs respectively. Based on this, the contour points are obtained segment by segment along the beam length using the tangent recursion method. The tangent recursion method is a reconstruction method that uses the tangent direction of the previous position and the bending change information of the current position as a basis to sequentially deduce the tangent direction and spatial position of the next position. Because this method does not directly fit the entire curve through a small number of measurement points but rather recursively deduces the data segment by segment using continuous strain data, it maintains the continuity of the upper and lower contour lines in the length direction and matches the continuous measurement characteristics of the distributed fiber optic sensors.

[0062] After obtaining the upper and lower contour lines, neither is directly used as the final shape of the side mold. Instead, the upper and lower contour lines, along with the differential stroke sequence, are used together to generate the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence. This is because the upper and lower contour lines reflect the continuous deformation state of the two measurement levels of the side mold, while the differential stroke sequence reflects the inter-layer adjustment relationship between the upper and lower adjusting push rods at the same support position. Only by combining all three can the "contour change caused by overall translation" and the "contour change caused by cross-sectional tilting" be distinguished. Therefore, at the same support position, the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence is generated using the contour lines corresponding to that support position. The upper contour position, lower contour position, and differential stroke are used as joint inputs to obtain the actual tilt state and actual positional relationship of the cross-section corresponding to the support position, and the actual cross-section attitude sequence is generated in the order from the first support position to the nth support position. Then, the actual cross-section attitude sequence is continuously spliced ​​along the beam length direction to obtain the actual spatial line shape. In this way, the upper contour line and the lower contour line solve the problem of "what shape the mold becomes along the length direction", and the differential stroke sequence solves the problem of "how the upper and lower layers on the same cross-section interact relative to each other". Only when the two are combined can a complete actual spatial line shape that can be used for subsequent registration and compensation be formed.

[0063] For example: when the upper and lower continuous strain data of a certain support section both show a gradual change, the upper and lower contour lines obtained by the tangent recursion method usually maintain a continuous transition; if the corresponding differential travel sequence shows that there is a significant interlayer difference between the target travel at the upper and lower support positions, then the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence of this section will reflect the corresponding tilt characteristics; conversely, if the upper and lower contour lines change asynchronously in a certain section, and the differential travel sequence does not change accordingly, then it can be identified that this section is more likely to be a local structural deformation rather than a normal adjustment response; through the above reconstruction path, the continuous strain data no longer remains at the simple monitoring level, but is converted into basic data that participates in the cross-sectional attitude solution and overall line shape generation together with the differential travel sequence.

[0064] In this embodiment, S6 is the compensation calculation step, which specifically includes:

[0065] The actual spatial alignment is registered with the design alignment reference to obtain the alignment deviation, and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence is registered with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to obtain the attitude deviation. Based on the alignment deviation and attitude deviation, an upper compensation stroke sequence and a lower compensation stroke sequence are generated. Here, "registration" refers to matching the reconstructed actual results with the design input one-to-one under unified cross-sectional numbering, length coordinates, and installation reference, ensuring that the comparison objects are within the same reference system. Alignment deviation refers to the spatial positional deviation of the actual spatial alignment relative to the design alignment reference, used to characterize the overall alignment of the side formwork in the beam length direction. Attitude deviation refers to the cross-sectional state deviation of the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence relative to the design cross-sectional attitude sequence, used to characterize the tilting state and the difference between the upper and lower layer positional relationships at the same cross-section and the design requirements. The upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence are sets of upper and lower adjustment push rod compensation amounts calculated based on the alignment deviation and attitude deviation, respectively, used for subsequent secondary alignment adjustments.

[0066] In practice, the actual spatial alignment is first mapped to the length coordinates corresponding to the design alignment reference using the cross-section numbers corresponding to the first support position to the nth support position as an index, thereby obtaining comparable data under the same support section and the same cross-section position. For the overall alignment, the design alignment reference is used as the target trajectory, and the spatial position of the actual spatial alignment in the corresponding support section is compared segment by segment to obtain the alignment deviation. For the cross-section state, the design cross-section attitude sequence is used as the target cross-section state, and the cross-section position relationship and tilt state of the actual cross-section attitude sequence under the corresponding cross-section number are compared one by one to obtain the attitude deviation. The reason for forming alignment deviation and attitude deviation separately, instead of just forming a single comprehensive deviation, is that the former reflects the overall contour deviation along the beam length direction, while the latter reflects the deviation of the upper and lower layer adjustment relationship on the same cross-section. The two have different levels of action. If they are combined, it is easy to encounter situations such as "the overall alignment is corrected but the cross-section attitude is not in place" or "the cross-section attitude is corrected but the overall alignment is mismatched again" during the compensation stage.

[0067] After obtaining the linear deviation and the attitude deviation, they are converted into compensable amounts that can be performed on the upper and lower adjusting push rods. In a preferred embodiment, the first support position is used as the compensation unit, and the upper compensation stroke and the lower compensation stroke can be calculated by the following formula:

[0068] ;

[0069] in, ;

[0070] In the formula, For the first The compensation stroke vector of the support position includes the upper compensation stroke corresponding to the upper adjustment push rod and the lower compensation stroke corresponding to the lower adjustment push rod; For the first The fusion deviation vector of the support level, where, This characterizes the deviation of the actual spatial alignment of the support location from the design alignment reference. This characterizes the attitude deviation of the actual cross-sectional attitude of the support relative to the designed cross-sectional attitude. The compensation sensitivity matrix is ​​used to characterize the coupling effect of the stroke changes of the upper and lower adjustment push rods on the linear state and cross-sectional attitude of the support position; This is a weighting matrix used to coordinate the contribution ratios of linear deviation and attitude deviation in the compensation solution; It is a damping factor used to reduce the rebound of steel formwork, the elimination of gaps in joints, and the compensating oscillations caused by uneven local stiffness. To correspond to the moment of inertia of the side formwork section about its neutral axis at the measurement level; through the above calculation method, the fusion deviation formed by the actual spatial alignment and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence can be directly converted into the upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence, so that the secondary adjustment process is simultaneously constrained by the overall alignment control requirements and the cross-sectional attitude control requirements.

[0071] Specifically, using the same support position as the compensation unit, the overall correction direction required for the support position is determined based on the linear deviation of the corresponding segment. The distribution relationship between the upper and lower level adjustments is determined based on the attitude deviation of the corresponding section, thereby generating the upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence. In other words, the linear deviation addresses the question of "how the entire segment where the support position is located needs to be corrected," while the attitude deviation addresses the question of "how the correction amount should be distributed between the upper and lower adjustment push rods." Through this compensation calculation path, the upper and lower compensation stroke sequences are not simply derived from a single measurement result, but are formed by the combined constraints of the overall linear control requirements and the section attitude control requirements. Therefore, they can be smoothly connected with the aforementioned displacement coarse adjustment and linear reconstruction steps.

[0072] For example: if the actual spatial alignment of a certain support section shifts outward as a whole, and the attitude deviation of the corresponding section shows that the upper layer deviates more than the lower layer, then the generated upper compensation stroke is greater than the lower compensation stroke; conversely, if the overall alignment deviation is small and the attitude deviation is mainly manifested as section tilt mismatch, then the compensation solution mainly adjusts the relative compensation relationship between the upper and lower layers; it can be seen that S6 does not simply record the deviation, but further transforms the actual spatial alignment and actual section attitude sequence obtained from the previous step into compensation commands that can directly drive the actuator to move, thereby completing the transition from detection results to secondary adjustment input.

[0073] In this embodiment, the discrimination process is set in the S8 pouring monitoring step, and specifically includes:

[0074] When the displacement data corresponding to the first abnormal support position undergoes a regression change relative to the displacement reference data, and the continuous strain data corresponding to the first abnormal support position does not form an outward bulging strain band, the abnormality corresponding to the first abnormal support position is identified as the support retraction event. The displacement reference data refers to the stable displacement data collected and recorded by the upper and lower displacement sensors after the secondary adjustment and locking of the side mold in S7, which is used as a reference for abnormal identification during the casting stage. The regression change refers to the change in displacement data relative to the displacement reference data in the opposite direction to the adjustment and advancement direction during the casting process. This change reflects the loosening of the constraint state of the support link, rather than the continued advancement of the actuator. The first abnormal support position refers to the support position where the above regression change first occurs and meets the discrimination condition among the first support position to the nth support position. The outward bulging strain band refers to the local concentrated abnormal band distribution formed by the continuous strain data in the corresponding support section. This distribution usually corresponds to the continuous strain abrupt change area caused by the local outward bulging of the side mold panel.

[0075] In specific implementation, after the pouring begins, the control terminal continuously receives displacement data and continuous strain data corresponding to the first to the nth support positions, and establishes a one-to-one correspondence according to the support position number. For any support position, the difference between the current displacement data of that support position and the displacement reference data is compared first. If the difference shows a regression change, the support position is marked as a candidate abnormal support position. Subsequently, the continuous strain data collected by the upper-layer distributed fiber optic sensor and the lower-layer distributed fiber optic sensor corresponding to the candidate abnormal support position in the same section are retrieved to determine whether the outer bulging strain zone has formed in that section. If the continuous strain... If the variable data does not form an abnormal banded distribution corresponding to the local bulge, it indicates that the abnormality of the support position does not originate from the local bulge of the side formwork panel, but is more likely to originate from the yielding of the adjusting push rod, connector, threaded pair, locking part, or support node under the action of the pouring load. Based on this, the candidate abnormal support position is determined as the first abnormal support position, and its corresponding abnormality is identified as the support yielding event. This identification path does not draw conclusions simply based on displacement data, but uses the combination of two conditions, "displacement retreat" and "no external bulge strain band", to separate and identify the abnormality of the support system and the abnormality of the panel deformation.

[0076] The reason for adopting the above discrimination logic is that when dimensional changes occur during the casting stage, they may be caused by either the side formwork panel being bulged outward under pressure or by slight loosening, depressurization, or slippage of the support system. Both may appear as abnormal formwork positions in the final appearance, but their data characteristics are different: if it is a support retreat, the first change is the displacement state of the corresponding support position, and this change is a reverse retreat based on the displacement reference data; at the same time, since the side formwork panel itself does not show significant local bulging, the continuous strain data usually does not form a concentrated abnormal bulging strain band; based on this difference, this embodiment uses the displacement channel as the main criterion for support state identification and the continuous strain channel as the auxiliary criterion for excluding local bulging interference, so that the support retreat event can be identified separately from the mixed anomalies in the casting stage.

[0077] For example: If the displacement data of a certain support position remains stable after locking, and during the pouring process, the upper and lower displacement data of the support position simultaneously show inward retreat, while the continuous strain data of the corresponding section still maintains the original gentle change and no local concentrated reinforcement band distribution appears, then the control terminal identifies the support position as the first abnormal support position and judges it as a support retreat event; at this time, the judgment result can be used as the basis for subsequent reinforcement, re-tightening or stopping the pouring.

[0078] In this embodiment, the discrimination process is also set in the S8 pouring monitoring step, specifically including:

[0079] When the displacement data corresponding to the second abnormal support position maintains a locked displacement relative to the displacement reference data, and the continuous strain data corresponding to the second abnormal support position forms an outward bulging strain band, and the actual spatial shape forms a local outward bulging profile at the second abnormal support position, the abnormality corresponding to the second abnormal support position is identified as a local bulging event. Maintaining a locked displacement means that after the secondary adjustment and locking of the side mold is completed in S7, the displacement data of the corresponding support position does not undergo a backward change corresponding to the support retraction during the casting process, indicating that the upper adjustment push rod, the lower adjustment push rod and their connecting support links still maintain the original locked state. The outward bulging strain band refers to the local concentrated abnormal distribution formed by the continuous strain data in the corresponding support section. This abnormal distribution is continuous along the length direction of the side mold and is distinguishable from the smooth strain change under normal casting stress. The local outward bulging profile refers to the local outward bulging shape that appears near the second abnormal support position in the actual spatial shape reconstructed based on the continuous strain data. The second abnormal support position refers to the abnormal support position that meets the above discrimination conditions from the first support position to the nth support position.

[0080] In practice, during the pouring process, the displacement data corresponding to the first to the nth support positions are compared bit by bit using the support position number as an index. When the displacement data of a certain support position remains stable relative to the displacement reference data, it is not immediately determined that the support position is in a normal state. Instead, the continuous strain data of the corresponding section of the support position is further retrieved for analysis. If the continuous strain data of the section forms an outward bulging strain zone, it indicates that the anomaly is not mainly caused by the loosening or retraction of the support link, but more likely by the local outward bulging deformation of the side formwork panel, back rib, or adjacent connection area under the action of concrete lateral pressure. Based on this, the continuous strain data of the section is then further analyzed. Based on the aforementioned linear reconstruction path, the reconstruction results of the upper and lower distributed optical fiber sensors at the corresponding measurement levels are used to verify whether the actual spatial linearity forms a local bulging profile near the support position. Only when the three conditions of "displacement remains locked", "continuous strain data forms an outward bulging strain band" and "actual spatial linearity forms a local bulging profile" are met simultaneously, is the support position determined as the second abnormal support position, and its corresponding abnormality is identified as a local bulging event. Thus, the identification of a local bulging event is not based on a single strain abnormality directly, but is completed through three steps: displacement state screening, strain band identification, and linear profile verification.

[0081] The reason for adopting the above discrimination path is that side formwork anomalies during the casting stage may simultaneously manifest as displacement and strain changes, or they may only manifest as bulging of the panel surface after local structural compression. If judgment is based solely on continuous strain data, it is easy to confuse the normal elastic response caused by the casting load with the actual formwork bulging. If judgment is based solely on displacement data, it is impossible to identify panel bulging caused by insufficient panel stiffness, insufficient back rib constraint, or local stress concentration when the support link is still locked. Therefore, this embodiment first uses the displacement reference data to exclude the support retreat path, then uses the bulging strain band to identify local abnormal strain sections, and finally confirms whether the section has formed a geometrically meaningful local bulging profile through the actual spatial line shape, thereby independently identifying the abnormal mode of "support not retreating but panel bulging" from the mixed anomalies during the casting stage.

[0082] For example: If the displacement data of a certain support position remains stable after locking, but the continuous strain data of the corresponding section of the support position shows a local concentrated rise, and in the actual spatial line shape, the outline of the section bulges outward from the mold, then the support position is identified as the second abnormal support position and judged as a local mold bulging event. Through the above implementation method, the defined content forms a complete implementation path from displacement locking confirmation, strain anomaly screening to linear outline verification, rather than a simple functional description of the mold bulging phenomenon. Example 2:

[0083] like Figure 2As shown, this embodiment further improves the design based on Embodiment 1. The difference is that in actual operation of Embodiment 1, it was found that when the lateral pressure of the concrete gradually builds up along the beam length during the pouring stage, the continuous strain data collected by the upper and lower distributed fiber optic sensors exhibit a co-directional expanding overall compressive response. This causes the abnormal strain characteristics corresponding to local bulging to be partially submerged by the overall compressive response, failing to identify the local bulging initiation zone in advance while the support link remains locked. Based on this, a fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring method for PC track beams further includes:

[0084] S7a: After recording the displacement reference data and the strain reference data, establish the same-layer neighborhood reference curve and the upper and lower layer collaborative change reference based on the continuous strain data of the initial stage of casting. Perform neighborhood differential decoupling and inter-layer collaborative verification on the continuous strain data continuously collected during the casting process, extract the local residual strain zone, and use the local residual strain zone as the discrimination input of the outer bulge strain zone.

[0085] Among them, the same-layer neighborhood reference curve refers to the smooth reference curve formed based on the continuous strain data of the initial stage of casting within the same measurement level from the first support position to the nth support position, which is used to characterize the continuous change trend of the layer under normal overall compression. The upper and lower layer coordinated change reference refers to the synchronous change relationship between the upper and lower layer continuous strain data in the same support section under normal casting compression conditions, which is used to characterize the correspondence between the upper and lower layer distributed fiber optic sensors to the overall compression response under non-abnormal conditions. Neighborhood differential decoupling refers to subtracting the overall change component corresponding to the same-layer neighborhood reference curve from the continuous strain data of the current support section, and combining the upper and lower layer coordinated change reference to strip the coordinated change component of the same-direction compression, thereby retaining the residual strain information related to local abnormal deformation. The local residual strain band refers to the continuous band-shaped abnormal strain distribution formed in the local support section after the neighborhood differential decoupling and inter-layer coordinated verification. This distribution no longer reflects the general compression response during the casting process, but is used to characterize the abnormal strain concentration area that may correspond to local bulging.

[0086] In specific implementation, after recording the displacement and strain reference data in the locked state in S7, the system does not immediately proceed to the support retraction event and local bulging event discrimination in S8. Instead, it first executes S7a. The control terminal maps the upper and lower continuous strain data collected in the initial stage of pouring onto the corresponding length coordinates according to the support position number, establishing a neighborhood reference curve reflecting the overall compressive change trend within the same measurement level. Simultaneously, a coordinated change relationship between the upper and lower continuous strain data is established within the same support section, forming a coordinated change reference between the upper and lower layers. As pouring continues, the continuously collected strain data in real time is first processed... The same-layer neighborhood difference is used to remove the overall compressive component that slowly expands along the beam length direction. Then, the upper and lower layers are checked to see if they still maintain normal synchronous change based on the benchmark of coordinated change between the upper and lower layers. If a certain section still retains a continuous band-shaped abnormal distribution after the above two steps, the section is extracted as a local residual strain zone. The local residual strain zone does not directly replace the aforementioned bulging strain zone, but is used as the discrimination input of the bulging strain zone. It is entered into S8 and, together with displacement data and actual spatial line shape, completes the event attribution. In this way, the judgment basis of "continuous strain data forming bulging strain zone" in S8 is no longer the original strain signal, but the local abnormal strain result after the overall compressive response is stripped away.

[0087] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if the displacement data of a certain support segment remains locked relative to the displacement reference data, and the local residual strain band obtained after processing by S7a continues to exist in the support segment, the control terminal further combines the aforementioned actual spatial alignment to perform a local contour verification of the segment; when the actual spatial alignment forms a local bulging contour in the segment, the abnormal support position corresponding to the segment is identified as a local bulging event; conversely, if a certain support segment only exhibits synchronous strain rise caused by overall compression, and no local residual strain band is formed after the neighborhood differential decoupling and interlayer collaborative verification, the segment is not input as a local bulging event; thus, this embodiment does not simply add an alarm threshold, but adds a processing path based on Embodiment 1: first separating the normal overall compression response, then identifying the local abnormal strain band, and finally performing a geometric verification in combination with the actual spatial alignment, so that the judgment of local bulging events is based on the triple constraints of "support state - residual strain - geometric contour".

[0088] For example: In the initial stage of pouring, both the upper and lower continuous strain data slowly increase with the increase of concrete lateral pressure. At this time, the control end records this slow upward trend as the reference curve of the same layer neighborhood and records the synchronous upward relationship of the upper and lower layers as the reference for coordinated change of the upper and lower layers. In the middle and later stages of pouring, if a certain support section still retains a locally concentrated and reinforced band residual strain after deducting the above overall changes, and the corresponding displacement data remains locked displacement, then the section is sent to S8 for local bulging event discrimination. Example 3:

[0089] like Figure 3 As shown, based on the same inventive concept as the fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring method for PC track beams in the foregoing embodiments, this application provides a fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring system for PC track beams. The system and method embodiments in this application are based on the same inventive concept. The system includes:

[0090] Design Modeling Module: The design modeling module acquires design alignment data and establishes design alignment datum and design section attitude sequence;

[0091] Sensor deployment module: The sensor deployment module sets up an upper adjusting push rod, a lower adjusting push rod, an upper displacement sensor and a lower displacement sensor at the first support position to the nth support position of the side formwork of the track beam, and sets up an upper distributed optical fiber sensor and a lower distributed optical fiber sensor on the back of the side formwork, where n is an integer greater than 1;

[0092] Target calculation module: The target calculation module calculates the upper target travel sequence, lower target travel sequence, and differential travel sequence based on the design section attitude sequence;

[0093] Coarse adjustment control module: The coarse adjustment control module controls the upper and lower adjustment push rods to complete the adjustment based on the upper target stroke sequence, the lower target stroke sequence and displacement feedback;

[0094] Linearity Reconstruction Module: The linearity reconstruction module acquires continuous strain data from the upper-layer distributed fiber optic sensor and the lower-layer distributed fiber optic sensor, and reconstructs the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and actual spatial linearity by combining the differential stroke sequence.

[0095] Compensation and Adjustment Module: The compensation and adjustment module registers the actual spatial alignment with the design alignment reference and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence, generates the upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence, and performs secondary adjustment accordingly;

[0096] Reference locking module: The reference locking module records displacement reference data and strain reference data in the locked state;

[0097] Casting discrimination module: During the casting process, the casting discrimination module collects displacement data and continuous strain data. When the displacement data regresses and the continuous strain data does not form an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a support retraction event. When the displacement data remains locked and the continuous strain data forms an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a local bulge event.

[0098] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

[0099] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present application, based on the technical solution and concept of the present application, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of PC track beams, characterized in that, The methods include: Acquire design alignment data, and establish design alignment datum and design section attitude sequence; An upper adjusting push rod, a lower adjusting push rod, an upper displacement sensor, and a lower displacement sensor are installed at the first support position to the nth support position of the side formwork of the track beam. An upper distributed optical fiber sensor and a lower distributed optical fiber sensor are installed on the back of the side formwork, where n is an integer greater than 1. Calculate the upper target travel sequence, lower target travel sequence, and differential travel sequence based on the design cross-section attitude sequence; The upper and lower adjustment push rods are controlled based on the upper target stroke sequence, the lower target stroke sequence, and displacement feedback to complete the shaping; Continuous strain data from upper-layer distributed fiber optic sensors and lower-layer distributed fiber optic sensors are collected, and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and actual spatial shape are reconstructed by combining the differential stroke sequence. The actual spatial alignment is registered with the design alignment reference, and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence is registered with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to generate the upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence, and then the secondary alignment is adjusted accordingly. Record displacement and strain reference data under locked conditions; Displacement data and continuous strain data are collected during the casting process. When the displacement data regresses and the continuous strain data does not form an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a support retraction event. When the displacement data remains locked and the continuous strain data forms an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a local bulge event.

2. The method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of a PC track beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design alignment data includes design horizontal curves, design vertical curves, design superelevation, and section numbers. The design section attitude sequence is generated based on the design horizontal curves, design vertical curves, design superelevation, and section numbers.

3. The method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of a PC track beam according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper displacement sensor is connected in parallel with the upper adjusting push rod, and the lower displacement sensor is connected in parallel with the lower adjusting push rod; the upper distributed optical fiber sensor is fixed to the upper reinforcing area of ​​the back of the side mold, and the lower distributed optical fiber sensor is fixed to the lower reinforcing area of ​​the back of the side mold.

4. The method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of a PC track beam according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the designed cross-sectional attitude sequence, generate the upper target travel sequence and the lower target travel sequence corresponding to the first support position to the nth support position, and generate the differential travel sequence from the upper target travel and the lower target travel of the same support position.

5. The fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring method for PC track beams according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper contour line is reconstructed based on the continuous strain data output by the upper distributed optical fiber sensor, and the lower contour line is reconstructed based on the continuous strain data output by the lower distributed optical fiber sensor. The actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and the actual spatial shape are generated by the tangent recursion method based on the upper contour line, the lower contour line and the differential stroke sequence.

6. The fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring method for PC track beams according to claim 5, characterized in that, The actual spatial alignment is registered with the design alignment reference to obtain the alignment deviation. The actual cross-sectional attitude sequence is registered with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to obtain the attitude deviation. The upper compensation stroke sequence and the lower compensation stroke sequence are generated based on the alignment deviation and the attitude deviation.

7. The method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of a PC track beam according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the displacement data corresponding to the first abnormal support position changes backward relative to the displacement reference data, and the continuous strain data corresponding to the first abnormal support position does not form the outer bulge strain band, the abnormality corresponding to the first abnormal support position is identified as the support retraction event.

8. The method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of a PC track beam according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the displacement data corresponding to the second abnormal support position maintains a locked displacement relative to the displacement reference data, and the continuous strain data corresponding to the second abnormal support position forms the outer bulge strain band, and the actual spatial line shape forms a local outer bulge profile at the second abnormal support position, the abnormality corresponding to the second abnormal support position is identified as the local bulge event.

9. The method for monitoring fiber optic displacement adjustment of a PC track beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the continuous strain data of the initial stage of casting, neighborhood differential decoupling and interlayer collaborative verification are performed, and local residual strain bands are extracted as the discrimination input for the outer bulging strain band.

10. A fiber optic displacement adjustment monitoring system for PC track beams, characterized in that, The system includes: The design modeling module acquires design alignment data and establishes design alignment datum and design section attitude sequence. The sensor deployment module is provided with an upper adjusting push rod, a lower adjusting push rod, an upper displacement sensor and a lower displacement sensor at the first support position to the nth support position of the side formwork of the track beam, and an upper distributed optical fiber sensor and a lower distributed optical fiber sensor are provided on the back of the side formwork, where n is an integer greater than 1. The target calculation module calculates the upper target travel sequence, the lower target travel sequence, and the differential travel sequence based on the design cross-section attitude sequence. The coarse adjustment control module controls the upper and lower adjustment push rods to complete the shape adjustment based on the upper target stroke sequence, the lower target stroke sequence and displacement feedback. The linear reconstruction module acquires continuous strain data from the upper-layer distributed fiber optic sensor and the lower-layer distributed fiber optic sensor, and reconstructs the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence and the actual spatial linear shape by combining the differential stroke sequence. The compensation and adjustment module registers the actual spatial alignment with the design alignment reference and the actual cross-sectional attitude sequence with the design cross-sectional attitude sequence to generate an upper compensation stroke sequence and a lower compensation stroke sequence, and performs secondary adjustment accordingly. A reference locking module, which records displacement reference data and strain reference data in the locked state; The casting discrimination module collects displacement data and continuous strain data during the casting process. When the displacement data regresses and the continuous strain data does not form an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a support retraction event. When the displacement data remains locked and the continuous strain data forms an outer bulge strain band, it is judged as a local bulging event.

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