A method and device for detecting electricity meter displacement theft and earthquakes based on a three-axis gyroscope

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electric meter shift electricity larceny and earthquake collaborative detection method and device based on three-axis gyroscope, it is related to the field of smart meter and internet of things sensing technology, S1, after electric meter power-on, gyroscope is calibrated, configuration detection parameter is completed with power monitoring platform time synchronization;S2, three-axis gyroscope collects the three-axis attitude change original analog data of smart meter, and is transmitted to signal processing module;S3, signal processing module will be handled high signal-to-noise ratio effective digital signal transmission to core control module;S4, core control module real-time analysis received effective digital signal, and upload to power monitoring platform;S5, after power monitoring platform receives single meter abnormal signal, scene distinguishes and accurate determination are carried out in combination with vibration characteristics, and corresponding control instruction is issued;It can simultaneously realize the accurate identification of electric meter illegal shift, pry and other electricity larceny behaviors and the batch linkage determination of regional earthquake.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart meters and Internet of Things (IoT) sensing technology, specifically to a method and device for the coordinated detection of meter displacement and electricity theft and earthquakes based on a three-axis gyroscope. Background Technology

[0002] Smart meters, as the core terminal for electricity metering and consumption management, have been densely deployed across the entire region, possessing metering, communication, and basic monitoring capabilities, and are a key node in the ubiquitous power Internet of Things. Currently, the power industry faces both the problem of power resource loss caused by covert electricity theft such as illegal meter relocation and skid-mounting, and the industry's shortcomings in achieving real-time earthquake sensing across the entire region due to the low deployment density and limited coverage of professional seismic stations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to expand the multi-functional collaborative detection capabilities of existing meter terminals to meet the dual needs of preventing electricity theft and earthquake monitoring.

[0003] In existing technologies, anti-theft electricity measures mainly employ three types of solutions: cover opening detection, electrical parameter analysis, and location tracking. Earthquake monitoring relies on seismic sensors from professional seismic stations, while three-axis gyroscopes are mostly used for attitude control and single-device displacement alarms, and have not yet been deeply integrated with electricity meters. Furthermore, existing signal processing solutions for gyroscopes are mostly general-purpose designs, without being specifically optimized for the complex installation conditions of electricity meters, such as strong electromagnetic interference from indoor power grids, environmental mechanical vibrations, and micro-vibrations of the meter's own metering components. Direct application of these solutions can easily lead to interference covering the effective signal, resulting in a significant decrease in detection accuracy.

[0004] The aforementioned existing technologies have several shortcomings: First, anti-theft technologies have significant limitations. Open-cover detection cannot cover unopened cover-related theft behaviors such as displacement or inversion. Electrical parameter analysis is susceptible to power grid fluctuations, leading to misjudgments. GPS positioning signals are weak in indoor and underground environments. Furthermore, each technology is designed for a single function, resulting in low resource utilization. Second, earthquake monitoring suffers from high costs and insufficient coverage. Specialized stations are expensive to build and struggle to cover remote areas. Independent earthquake sensing devices require additional deployment and have poor compatibility with existing power equipment. Third, functions are fragmented and lack effective coordination mechanisms. Existing technologies do not integrate anti-theft measures with earthquake monitoring. They lack dedicated algorithms to distinguish between two types of vibration scenarios using a single sensor, leading to frequent scenario misjudgments. Fourth, signal processing adaptability is poor. General-purpose filtering and analog-to-digital conversion schemes cannot effectively eliminate composite interference from meter scenarios. The low signal-to-noise ratio of attitude data collected by gyroscopes directly results in a high misjudgment rate for subsequent scenario determination, failing to meet the development needs of multi-functional and high-precision smart meters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method and device for the coordinated detection of electricity meter displacement and theft and earthquakes based on a three-axis gyroscope. It can simultaneously achieve accurate identification of electricity theft behaviors such as illegal meter displacement and skid mounting, and batch linkage judgment of regional earthquakes.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: a method for co-detecting electricity meter displacement and theft and earthquakes based on a three-axis gyroscope, comprising:

[0007] S1. After the meter is powered on, calibrate the gyroscope, configure the detection parameters, and synchronize with the power monitoring platform.

[0008] S2. The three-axis gyroscope continuously collects raw analog data of the three-axis attitude changes of the smart meter according to the preset sampling frequency and transmits it to the signal processing module.

[0009] S3. The signal processing module performs interference cancellation, effective signal extraction, analog-to-digital conversion and synchronous buffering on the original analog data through a preset processing flow, and transmits the processed high signal-to-noise ratio effective digital signal to the core control module.

[0010] S4. The core control module analyzes the received valid digital signals in real time. If the attitude data of any axis exceeds the preset attitude detection threshold and the abnormal state continues for the preset abnormal duration, it is determined to be an abnormal meter displacement, generates a single meter abnormal signal, and uploads it to the power monitoring platform through the communication module.

[0011] S5. After receiving a single meter abnormality signal, the power monitoring platform counts the number of meters with displacement abnormalities in the corresponding area within a preset time window, distinguishes and accurately judges the scene based on vibration characteristics, and issues corresponding control commands.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preset processing flow of the signal processing module is as follows:

[0013] The original analog data is input into the electromagnetic interference filtering circuit, and the power frequency electromagnetic interference of the power grid is initially filtered out by the LC passive band-stop filter.

[0014] The signal after filtering out electromagnetic interference is input into the mechanical vibration filtering circuit. The active second-order low-pass filter filters out high-frequency mechanical vibration and equipment micro-vibration interference above 5Hz and extracts the effective attitude simulation signal.

[0015] The effective attitude analog signal is input into the programmable gain amplifier circuit, and the signal is amplified by 1 to 200 times according to the signal amplitude, so that the signal matches the optimal input range for subsequent analog-to-digital conversion.

[0016] The signal, after gain amplification, is input to the analog-to-digital converter chip, which converts the analog signal into a high-resolution digital signal at a sampling rate synchronized with the three-axis gyroscope, while reducing quantization noise.

[0017] The converted digital signal is input into a FIFO buffer for temporary buffering, enabling clock-synchronized data transmission with the core control module.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S5, the preset time window is 30s~60s; the steps of scene differentiation and accurate determination are as follows:

[0019] If the number of abnormal electricity meters is less than the preset number for earthquake detection, it is determined that the electricity meter has been illegally moved to steal electricity. The power monitoring platform issues an electricity theft warning command and triggers the alarm execution module to perform the corresponding action.

[0020] If the number of abnormal meters reaches or exceeds the preset number for earthquake detection, and the vibration data conforms to the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in the range of 0.1~5Hz, it is determined to be a regional earthquake. The power monitoring platform will push the earthquake early warning information to the emergency management department and coordinate with the power grid dispatch system to refrain from issuing load disconnection commands.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, after the smart meter is powered on, the three-axis gyroscope module is zero-position calibrated, the core processing parameters of the signal processing module are configured, the detection parameters of the core control module are configured, and the time synchronization between the smart meter and the power monitoring platform is completed.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the core processing parameters of the signal processing module include the filter cutoff frequency, the programmable gain amplification factor, and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling rate; the detection parameters of the core control module include the attitude detection threshold, the anomaly duration, the number of earthquake judgments, and the statistical time window.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a misjudgment avoidance and reset step: when the meter is maintained, an unlocking command is sent to the core control module through a dedicated terminal, the unlocking mechanism is manually maintained, and the displacement detection function is temporarily blocked; after the maintenance is completed, the unlocking command becomes invalid, the device is automatically reset, and normal detection work is restored.

[0024] A three-axis gyroscope-based device for detecting electricity meter misuse and theft combined with earthquake detection, applicable to the aforementioned detection methods, comprising:

[0025] The three-axis gyroscope module is installed in the shockproof area of ​​the meter to continuously collect raw analog data of the meter's three-axis attitude changes and transmit it to the signal processing module in real time.

[0026] The signal processing module eliminates interference from the original analog data and extracts the effective digital signal, then transmits the processed effective signal to the core control module.

[0027] The core control module analyzes and processes the effective digital signals transmitted by the signal processing module, generates corresponding control commands based on the analysis results, and sends them to the communication module and the alarm execution module.

[0028] The communication module enables two-way data interaction and command transmission between the electricity meter and the power monitoring platform;

[0029] The alarm execution module is used to perform differentiated early warning actions in electricity theft and earthquake scenarios based on control commands issued by the core control module.

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a power supply module, comprising a mains power supply unit and a lithium battery backup unit, for supplying power to each module of the device. When the mains power fails, it automatically switches to the lithium battery backup unit for power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the core module.

[0031] As a further improvement of the present invention, the signal processing module includes:

[0032] The electromagnetic interference filtering circuit unit uses LC passive band-stop filtering to perform band-stop filtering on power grid frequency electromagnetic interference, and initially filters out electromagnetic interference.

[0033] The mechanical vibration filtering circuit unit filters out high-frequency mechanical vibrations and equipment micro-vibration interference above 5Hz through an active second-order low-pass filter, and extracts effective attitude simulation signals.

[0034] The programmable gain amplifier circuit unit amplifies the signal by 1 to 200 times according to the signal amplitude, so that the signal matches the optimal input range for subsequent analog-to-digital conversion.

[0035] The analog-to-digital conversion unit converts analog signals into high-resolution digital signals at a sampling rate synchronized with the three-axis gyroscope, while reducing quantization noise;

[0036] The signal buffer unit is used to temporarily buffer the converted digital signal to achieve clock synchronization data transmission with the core control module.

[0037] As a further improvement of the present invention, the alarm execution module includes an audible and visual alarm unit and a load disconnection unit; in the case of electricity theft, the audible and visual alarm is triggered according to the control command, and the load disconnection action can be performed at the same time; in the case of earthquake, it only cooperates with the communication module to upload the early warning signal and does not perform the load disconnection action.

[0038] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. In this invention, on the one hand, the highly accurate electricity theft detection can accurately identify concealed electricity theft behaviors such as illegal meter relocation and skidding, significantly reducing the loss of power resources and reducing economic losses for power companies; on the other hand, it fills the coverage blind spots of professional seismic stations, realizing real-time, high-precision perception and early warning of regional earthquakes, buying time for earthquake emergency response and improving public safety assurance capabilities; at the same time, relying on existing meter deployment, there is no need to build an additional monitoring network, which significantly reduces the overall deployment cost of power safety monitoring and earthquake monitoring, and has significant economic and social benefits.

[0040] 2. In this invention, the signal processing module can accurately eliminate combined electromagnetic and mechanical interference, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of attitude data, break through the adaptation limitations of traditional general-purpose signal processing, and lay the core data foundation for subsequent accurate judgment; the three-axis gyroscope equipped with the new signal processing module is integrated with the smart meter for dual functions, breaking through the application bottleneck of traditional gyroscopes in the smart meter scenario, and utilizing the advantage of the full-area deployment of smart meters to build a low-cost, wide-coverage, and high-precision power-earthquake collaborative sensing network, which solves the dual needs of smart meter anti-theft and regional earthquake monitoring in one fell swoop. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module connections of the detection device in this invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the signal processing module in this invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the detection method in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of this specification and not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the implementation methods without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this specification.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a method for co-detecting electricity meter displacement and theft and earthquakes based on a three-axis gyroscope includes:

[0047] Initial configuration:

[0048] S1. After the meter is powered on, calibrate the gyroscope, configure the detection parameters, and synchronize with the power monitoring platform.

[0049] After the smart meter is powered on, the three-axis gyroscope module undergoes zero-point calibration, the core processing parameters of the signal processing module are configured, the detection parameters of the core control module are configured, and time synchronization between the smart meter and the power monitoring platform is achieved. The core processing parameters of the signal processing module include the filter cutoff frequency, programmable gain amplification factor, and analog-to-digital conversion sampling rate; the detection parameters of the core control module include the attitude detection threshold, anomaly duration, number of earthquake detections, and statistical time window.

[0050] Data acquisition and dedicated signal processing:

[0051] S2. The three-axis gyroscope continuously collects raw analog data of the three-axis attitude changes of the smart meter according to the preset sampling frequency and transmits it to the signal processing module.

[0052] The preset sampling frequency standard range is 50Hz~200Hz. This parameter is directly matched with the hardware selection of the three-axis gyroscope, and the sampling rate of the high-precision analog-to-digital converter chip in the signal processing module must be precisely synchronized with the preset sampling frequency to ensure the consistency of data acquisition and conversion.

[0053] For example, in typical scenarios of single-phase smart meters in residential communities, the typical preset value is 100Hz, which is suitable for the low power consumption requirements and conventional detection accuracy requirements of residential scenarios; in typical scenarios of three-phase smart meters in industrial parks with high requirements for strong interference, the typical preset value is 200Hz, which is suitable for the complex working conditions of high-frequency vibration and strong electromagnetic interference of large equipment, and can accurately capture fast and large attitude change signals.

[0054] S3, the signal processing module performs interference cancellation, effective signal extraction, analog-to-digital conversion and synchronous buffering on the original analog data through a preset processing flow, and transmits the processed high signal-to-noise ratio effective digital signal to the core control module.

[0055] The preset processing flow of the signal processing module is as follows:

[0056] S31. The original analog data input electromagnetic interference filtering circuit uses LC passive band-stop filtering to perform band-stop filtering on the power grid frequency electromagnetic interference, and initially filters out electromagnetic interference.

[0057] S32. The signal input to the mechanical vibration filtering circuit after filtering out electromagnetic interference is filtered out by an active second-order low-pass filter to remove high-frequency mechanical vibration and equipment micro-vibration interference above 5Hz and extract effective attitude simulation signals.

[0058] S33. Input the effective attitude analog signal into the programmable gain amplifier circuit, and amplify it by 1 to 200 times according to the signal amplitude to make the signal match the optimal input range for subsequent analog-to-digital conversion.

[0059] S34. The signal after gain amplification is input to the analog-to-digital converter chip, which converts the analog signal into a high-resolution digital signal at a sampling rate synchronized with the three-axis gyroscope, while reducing quantization noise; wherein, the analog-to-digital converter chip is a 24-bit high-precision Σ-Δ type analog-to-digital converter chip.

[0060] S35. The converted digital signal is input into the FIFO buffer for temporary buffering, so as to realize clock synchronization data transmission with the core control module.

[0061] The signal processing methods involved in S35~S35 can accurately eliminate combined electromagnetic and mechanical interference, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of attitude data, and break through the adaptation limitations of traditional general-purpose signal processing, laying a core data foundation for subsequent accurate judgment. Based on effective attitude data with high signal-to-noise ratio, combined with the core judgment logic of "single meter anomaly / multiple meter batch synchronization anomaly" and multi-dimensional thresholds, it effectively distinguishes between two vibration scenarios: illegal meter displacement and earthquakes. It completely solves the problem of misjudgment caused by signal interference, and can still achieve accurate judgment of electricity theft and earthquakes even under complex working conditions such as power grid fluctuations and frequent environmental vibrations.

[0062] The three-axis gyroscope equipped with a new signal processing module is deeply integrated with the smart meter. It can realize the dual functions of meter displacement and electricity theft detection and earthquake batch judgment using a single sensor. Combined with the core judgment logic of "single meter anomaly / multiple meter batch synchronous anomaly" and multi-dimensional thresholds, it can accurately distinguish between the two types of vibration scenarios, effectively avoid misjudgment, and break the functional separation of the existing technology.

[0063] Preliminary determination of electricity theft and relocation:

[0064] S4. The core control module analyzes the received valid digital signals in real time. If the attitude data of any axis exceeds the preset attitude detection threshold and the abnormal state continues for the preset abnormal duration, it is determined to be an abnormal meter displacement, generates a single meter abnormal signal, and uploads it to the power monitoring platform through the communication module.

[0065] The attitude data for any axis includes angular velocity / angular displacement. If the angular velocity exceeds a preset threshold and the abnormal state lasts for 1 to 3 seconds, the abnormal state will be considered.

[0066] Scene differentiation and accurate judgment:

[0067] S5. After receiving a single meter abnormality signal, the power monitoring platform counts the number of meters with displacement abnormalities in the corresponding area within a preset time window, distinguishes and accurately judges the scene based on vibration characteristics, and issues corresponding control commands.

[0068] The preset time window is 30s~60s; the steps for scene differentiation and accurate judgment are as follows:

[0069] If the number of abnormal electricity meters is less than the preset number for earthquake detection, it is determined that the electricity meter has been illegally moved to steal electricity. The power monitoring platform issues an electricity theft warning command and triggers the alarm execution module to perform the corresponding action.

[0070] If the number of abnormal meters reaches or exceeds the preset number for earthquake detection, and the vibration data conforms to the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in the range of 0.1~5Hz, it is determined to be a regional earthquake. The power monitoring platform will push the earthquake early warning information to the emergency management department and coordinate with the power grid dispatch system to refrain from issuing load disconnection commands.

[0071] The above detection method also includes steps for avoiding and resetting false alarms: during meter maintenance, an unlocking command is sent to the core control module via a dedicated terminal, the unlocking mechanism is manually maintained, and the displacement detection function is temporarily disabled; after maintenance is completed, the unlocking command becomes invalid, the device is automatically reset, and normal detection work is resumed.

[0072] On the one hand, this invention provides highly accurate electricity theft detection, precisely identifying covert electricity theft activities such as illegal meter relocation and skidding, significantly reducing power resource loss and minimizing economic losses for power companies. On the other hand, it fills the coverage gaps of professional seismic stations, enabling real-time, high-precision regional earthquake sensing and early warning, buying time for earthquake emergency response and enhancing public safety capabilities. Furthermore, relying on existing meter deployments, it eliminates the need for additional monitoring networks, significantly reducing the overall deployment cost of power safety monitoring and earthquake monitoring, resulting in both significant economic and social benefits. The novel signal processing method designed for meter scenarios can accurately eliminate composite interference from power frequency electromagnetic fields, mechanical vibrations, and equipment micro-vibrations. 24-bit high-precision analog-to-digital conversion improves attitude data resolution by 256 times, accurately capturing weak but effective signals from millimeter-level meter displacement and micro-angle deflection, with an effective data signal-to-noise ratio ≥60dB. Compared to general signal processing solutions, the false judgment rate is reduced by more than 90%, laying a core data foundation for accurate judgment in subsequent electricity theft prevention and earthquake monitoring—a unique technical effect that traditional general signal processing solutions cannot achieve.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Please see Figure 1 As shown, a combined detection device for electricity meter displacement and earthquake detection based on a three-axis gyroscope is applicable to the detection method in Example 1, including:

[0075] The three-axis gyroscope module is installed in the shockproof area of ​​the meter to continuously collect raw analog data of the meter's three-axis attitude changes and transmit it to the signal processing module in real time.

[0076] The signal processing module performs interference removal and extracts effective digital signals from the original analog data, transmitting the processed effective signal to the core control module. The signal processing module includes:

[0077] The electromagnetic interference filtering circuit unit uses LC passive band-stop filtering to perform band-stop filtering on power grid frequency electromagnetic interference, and initially filters out electromagnetic interference.

[0078] The mechanical vibration filtering circuit unit filters out high-frequency mechanical vibrations and equipment micro-vibration interference above 5Hz through an active second-order low-pass filter, and extracts effective attitude simulation signals.

[0079] The programmable gain amplifier circuit unit amplifies the signal by 1 to 200 times according to the signal amplitude, so that the signal matches the optimal input range for subsequent analog-to-digital conversion.

[0080] The analog-to-digital conversion unit converts analog signals into high-resolution digital signals at a sampling rate synchronized with the three-axis gyroscope, while reducing quantization noise;

[0081] The signal buffer unit is used to temporarily buffer the converted digital signal to achieve clock synchronization data transmission with the core control module.

[0082] For the first time, a three-axis gyroscope equipped with a novel signal processing module is integrated with a smart meter for dual-function operation. This breakthrough overcomes the application bottlenecks of traditional gyroscopes in smart meter scenarios. Leveraging the advantage of nationwide smart meter deployment, a low-cost, wide-coverage, and highly accurate power-earthquake collaborative sensing network is constructed, simultaneously addressing the dual needs of preventing electricity theft and monitoring regional earthquakes. The signal processing module features a modular hardware design, allowing direct integration into existing single-phase / three-phase smart meters without significant modifications to the meter's main structure. Detection and signal processing parameters can be flexibly configured for different scenarios such as residential communities, industrial parks, and remote villages, making it suitable for various complex installation conditions. The backup power supply design of the power supply module ensures continuous operation of the entire signal acquisition, processing, and transmission process during earthquake power outages, guaranteeing stable uploading of early warning signals.

[0083] The core control module analyzes and processes the effective digital signals transmitted by the signal processing module, generates corresponding control commands based on the analysis results, and sends them to the communication module and the alarm execution module.

[0084] The communication module enables two-way data interaction and command transmission between the electricity meter and the power monitoring platform;

[0085] The alarm execution module is used to perform differentiated early warning actions in electricity theft and earthquake scenarios based on control commands issued by the core control module. The alarm execution module includes an audible and visual alarm unit and a load disconnection unit; in the electricity theft scenario, it triggers the audible and visual alarm according to the control command and simultaneously performs a load disconnection action; in the earthquake scenario, it only cooperates with the communication module to upload the early warning signal and does not perform a load disconnection action.

[0086] The power supply module includes a mains power supply unit and a lithium battery backup unit, which are used to supply power to the various modules of the device. When the mains power fails, it automatically switches to the lithium battery backup unit to ensure the continuous operation of the core modules.

[0087] In this embodiment, the detection device is integrated into a residential single-phase smart meter, and the specific models and parameters of each module are as follows:

[0088] 1. Three-axis gyroscope: An STL3GD20H MEMS gyroscope with an accuracy of ±500° / s and a sampling frequency of 100Hz is selected. It is installed in a shockproof slot inside the meter and is electrically connected to the signal processing module through an SPI interface to acquire raw analog signals of three-axis angular velocity / angular displacement.

[0089] 2. Signal Processing Module

[0090] Hardware selection: The electromagnetic interference filtering circuit is a 50Hz LC passive band-stop filter circuit with parameters L=1mH and C=10μF; the mechanical vibration filtering circuit is an active second-order low-pass filter circuit based on the OP07 operational amplifier with a cutoff frequency of 5Hz; the programmable gain amplifier circuit is a programmable amplifier based on AD603 with an adjustable gain of 1~100 times; the analog-to-digital converter chip is a 24-bit Σ-Δ type ADS1256, and the sampling rate synchronous gyroscope is set to 100Hz; the signal buffer unit is a FIFO buffer 74HC574.

[0091] Processing parameters: Electromagnetic interference filter attenuation 45dB, mechanical vibration filter cutoff frequency 5Hz, programmable gain amplification default factor of 10x, analog-to-digital conversion sampling rate 100Hz, buffer unit data depth 128 bytes;

[0092] Connection relationship: Gyroscope output terminal → Electromagnetic interference filter circuit → Mechanical vibration filter circuit → Programmable gain amplifier circuit → Analog-to-digital converter chip → FIFO buffer → Core control module, with each unit connected in series.

[0093] 3. Core control module: It adopts an ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller, model STM32F103, which pre-stores the core parameters of displacement detection and earthquake judgment, and at the same time sends the gain amplification factor instruction to the signal processing module.

[0094] 4. Communication Module: Quectel BC20NB-IoT communication module is selected to meet the low-power communication requirements of residential communities and realize wireless data interaction with the power monitoring platform.

[0095] 5. Power supply module: Equipped with a 2000mAh lithium battery backup unit, which can ensure continuous operation of the core module, three-axis gyroscope, signal processing module and communication module for 2.5 hours after the power grid is interrupted.

[0096] 6. Alarm Execution Module: Composed of a buzzer, a red LED indicator, and an electromagnetic relay. The buzzer and LED indicator provide audible and visual alarms, while the electromagnetic relay provides the optional function of load disconnection.

[0097] Example 3

[0098] This embodiment applies the detection method of the present invention to a residential community with 500 single-phase smart meters. The community is located in an urban area with a dense power grid and frequent environmental vibrations. The specific configuration parameters are as follows:

[0099] Signal processing parameters: 50Hz LC band-stop filter, 5Hz active low-pass filter, programmable gain amplification factor of 10x, 24-bit ADS1256 analog-to-digital converter, 100Hz sampling rate.

[0100] Displacement detection threshold: 0.5g acceleration, 5° angle change, and abnormal duration of 2s.

[0101] Earthquake detection parameters: 10 abnormal meters, 45-second platform statistical time window, 1.0g acceleration threshold, and 8-second vibration duration.

[0102] Scenario 1: Illegal relocation of electricity meter for electricity theft

[0103] The electricity thief performed a slight inversion operation on a single electricity meter, generating a weak attitude signal with an acceleration of 0.6g and an angle change of 7°. Simultaneously, the area experienced 50Hz electromagnetic interference from the power grid and 6Hz mechanical vibration interference from the elevator in the residential area. In the raw analog signal collected by the three-axis gyroscope, the effective signal was obscured by the interference signal. The signal processing module sequentially performed the following steps: 50Hz LC band-stop filtering to attenuate electromagnetic interference by 45dB; 5Hz active low-pass filtering to remove the 6Hz elevator mechanical vibration interference; 10x programmable gain amplification to bring the weak 0.6g effective signal to the optimal range for analog-to-digital conversion; 24-bit ADS1256 to convert the analog signal into a high-resolution digital signal with quantization noise ≤0.001g; and synchronous transmission to the core control module via a FIFO buffer. The core control module accurately identified the amplified effective signal, determined it to be a displacement anomaly, and uploaded a single-meter anomaly signal. The platform counted only one anomaly, determined it to be electricity theft, triggered an audible and visual alarm, disconnected the load, and pushed a warning to the power maintenance personnel's terminal. Even under complex interference, this solution can still accurately capture weak power theft and displacement signals without any misjudgment, demonstrating the core technical effectiveness of the signal processing module.

[0104] Scenario 2: Regional earthquake occurs

[0105] A minor earthquake occurred in the area where the residential community is located. Fifteen electricity meters in the area simultaneously generated large-amplitude attitude signals with an acceleration of 1.2g and a continuous vibration for 10 seconds, which is consistent with the frequency characteristics of seismic waves (0.1~5Hz). The raw analog signals collected by the gyroscopes were processed by the signal processing module. After filtering out power grid and environmental interference, the programmable gain amplification factor was automatically adjusted to 1x to avoid signal distortion due to the large signal amplitude. Then, a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter accurately captured the amplitude and duration of the earthquake vibration, generating a valid digital signal. The valid signals from multiple electricity meters were simultaneously uploaded to the platform. Within 45 seconds, the platform detected 15 abnormal meters with vibration frequencies consistent with seismic wave characteristics. It immediately determined that this was a regional earthquake, pushed an early warning to the emergency management department, and coordinated with the power grid dispatch. No load cutoff was executed, ensuring emergency power supply to the power grid.

[0106] Scenario 3: Routine maintenance of electricity meters

[0107] Power workers inspected and maintained some of the electricity meters in the community. Before maintenance, they sent an unlocking command to the core control module of the meter to be maintained through a dedicated handheld terminal, temporarily disabling the displacement detection function. During maintenance, the meter's attitude changes were processed normally by the signal processing module, but the core control module did not make any abnormal judgments to avoid false alarms. After maintenance was completed, the workers sent a reset command, and the device resumed normal data acquisition, processing, and judgment.

[0108] Example 4

[0109] This embodiment integrates the detection device into a three-phase smart meter in an industrial park. This area experiences strong electromagnetic interference from the power grid and high-frequency mechanical vibration interference from large equipment, requiring higher precision in signal processing and detection. The adaptation scheme is as follows:

[0110] 1. Signal processing module optimization: The electromagnetic interference filtering circuit has been upgraded to a dual LC band-stop filter circuit, covering 50Hz power frequency and harmonic interference, with attenuation increased to 50dB; the cutoff frequency of the mechanical vibration filtering circuit has been finely adjusted to 4Hz to adapt to the high-frequency vibration of large equipment in industrial parks; the programmable gain amplifier circuit has been upgraded to AD8367, with an adjustable amplification factor of 1~200 times; the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter chip and the synchronous gyroscope have been increased to 200Hz to accurately capture fast vibration signals;

[0111] 2. Three-axis gyroscope module: Uses a high-precision MEMS gyroscope with ±2000° / s and a sampling frequency of 200Hz, which is suitable for rapid and large-scale attitude changes in industrial parks;

[0112] 3. Communication module: The module is an NB-IoT / 4G dual-mode module, model EC20, which automatically switches to 4G communication in areas with good 4G signal in the industrial park to improve the transmission rate of abnormal data synchronization of multiple tables.

[0113] 4. Power supply module: Equipped with a 3000mAh lithium battery, ensuring 3 hours of continuous operation for the core module, signal processing module, etc. after a power outage;

[0114] 5. Parameter adaptation: Signal processing amplification factor of 20x, displacement detection threshold set to 0.8g acceleration, 8° angle change, and abnormal duration of 3s; earthquake judgment parameters set to 20 abnormal meters, platform statistical time window of 60s, earthquake vibration threshold of 1.2g acceleration, and vibration duration of 10s.

[0115] Within industrial parks, even under complex operating conditions such as continuous operation of large equipment and strong power grid interference, the signal processing module can effectively filter out various types of interference, accurately identify the displacement and theft signals of a single or a few electricity meters and the seismic vibration signals of multiple meters synchronizing, completely avoiding misjudgments and omissions caused by strong interference, and adapting to the high-requirement detection scenarios in industrial parks.

[0116] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of this specification and are not intended to limit the scope of this specification. Any modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of this specification without departing from the spirit of this specification should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for co-detecting electricity meter displacement and theft and earthquakes based on a three-axis gyroscope, characterized in that, include: S1. After the meter is powered on, calibrate the gyroscope, configure the detection parameters, and synchronize with the power monitoring platform. S2. The three-axis gyroscope continuously collects raw analog data of the three-axis attitude changes of the smart meter according to the preset sampling frequency and transmits it to the signal processing module. S3. The signal processing module performs interference cancellation, effective signal extraction, analog-to-digital conversion and synchronous buffering on the original analog data through a preset processing flow, and transmits the processed high signal-to-noise ratio effective digital signal to the core control module. S4. The core control module analyzes the received valid digital signals in real time. If the attitude data of any axis exceeds the preset attitude detection threshold and the abnormal state continues for the preset abnormal duration, it is determined to be an abnormal meter displacement, generates a single meter abnormal signal, and uploads it to the power monitoring platform through the communication module. S5. After receiving a single meter abnormality signal, the power monitoring platform counts the number of meters with displacement abnormalities in the corresponding area within a preset time window, distinguishes and accurately judges the scene based on vibration characteristics, and issues corresponding control commands.

2. The method for co-detecting electricity theft by meter displacement and earthquake based on a three-axis gyroscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The default processing flow of the signal processing module is as follows: The original analog data is input into the electromagnetic interference filtering circuit, and the power frequency electromagnetic interference of the power grid is initially filtered out by the LC passive band-stop filter. The signal after filtering out electromagnetic interference is input into the mechanical vibration filtering circuit. The active second-order low-pass filter filters out high-frequency mechanical vibration and equipment micro-vibration interference above 5Hz and extracts the effective attitude simulation signal. The effective attitude analog signal is input into the programmable gain amplifier circuit, and the signal is amplified by 1 to 200 times according to the signal amplitude, so that the signal matches the optimal input range for subsequent analog-to-digital conversion. The signal, after gain amplification, is input to the analog-to-digital converter chip, which converts the analog signal into a high-resolution digital signal at a sampling rate synchronized with the three-axis gyroscope, while reducing quantization noise. The converted digital signal is input into a FIFO buffer for temporary buffering, enabling clock-synchronized data transmission with the core control module.

3. The method for co-detecting electricity theft by meter displacement and earthquake based on a three-axis gyroscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the preset time window is 30s~60s; the steps for scene differentiation and accurate determination are as follows: If the number of abnormal electricity meters is less than the preset number for earthquake detection, it is determined that the electricity meter has been illegally moved to steal electricity. The power monitoring platform issues an electricity theft warning command and triggers the alarm execution module to perform the corresponding action. If the number of abnormal meters reaches or exceeds the preset number for earthquake detection, and the vibration data conforms to the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in the range of 0.1~5Hz, it is determined to be a regional earthquake. The power monitoring platform will push the earthquake early warning information to the emergency management department and coordinate with the power grid dispatch system to refrain from issuing load disconnection commands.

4. The method for co-detecting electricity meter displacement and theft based on a three-axis gyroscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, after the smart meter is powered on, the three-axis gyroscope module is zero-position calibrated, the core processing parameters of the signal processing module are configured, the detection parameters of the core control module are configured, and the time synchronization between the smart meter and the power monitoring platform is completed.

5. The method for co-detecting electricity meter displacement and theft based on a three-axis gyroscope according to claim 4, characterized in that, The core processing parameters of the signal processing module include the filter cutoff frequency, the programmable gain amplification factor, and the analog-to-digital conversion sampling rate; the detection parameters of the core control module include the attitude detection threshold, the duration of anomalies, the number of earthquake determinations, and the statistical time window.

6. The method for co-detecting electricity theft by meter displacement and earthquake based on a three-axis gyroscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes steps for avoiding and resetting misjudgments: During meter maintenance, an unlocking command is sent to the core control module via a dedicated terminal, and the unlocking mechanism is manually operated, temporarily disabling the displacement detection function; after maintenance is completed, the unlocking command becomes invalid, the device automatically resets, and normal detection work resumes.

7. A device for detecting electricity meter misuse and theft combined with earthquake detection based on a three-axis gyroscope, applicable to the detection method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The three-axis gyroscope module is installed in the shockproof area of ​​the meter to continuously collect raw analog data of the meter's three-axis attitude changes and transmit it to the signal processing module in real time. The signal processing module eliminates interference from the original analog data and extracts the effective digital signal, then transmits the processed effective signal to the core control module. The core control module analyzes and processes the effective digital signals transmitted by the signal processing module, generates corresponding control commands based on the analysis results, and sends them to the communication module and the alarm execution module. The communication module enables two-way data interaction and command transmission between the electricity meter and the power monitoring platform; The alarm execution module is used to perform differentiated early warning actions in electricity theft and earthquake scenarios based on control commands issued by the core control module.

8. The device for detecting electricity meter displacement and theft based on a three-axis gyroscope and co-detecting earthquakes according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply module, which comprises a mains power supply unit and a lithium battery backup unit, used to power the various modules of the device. When the mains power fails, it automatically switches to the lithium battery backup unit to ensure the continuous operation of the core modules.

9. The device for co-detecting electricity meter displacement and theft based on a three-axis gyroscope according to claim 7, characterized in that, The signal processing module includes: The electromagnetic interference filtering circuit unit uses LC passive band-stop filtering to perform band-stop filtering on power grid frequency electromagnetic interference, and initially filters out electromagnetic interference. The mechanical vibration filtering circuit unit filters out high-frequency mechanical vibrations and equipment micro-vibration interference above 5Hz through an active second-order low-pass filter, and extracts effective attitude simulation signals. The programmable gain amplifier circuit unit amplifies the signal by 1 to 200 times according to the signal amplitude, so that the signal matches the optimal input range for subsequent analog-to-digital conversion. The analog-to-digital conversion unit converts analog signals into high-resolution digital signals at a sampling rate synchronized with the three-axis gyroscope, while reducing quantization noise; The signal buffer unit is used to temporarily buffer the converted digital signal to achieve clock synchronization data transmission with the core control module.

10. The device for co-detecting electricity meter displacement and theft based on a three-axis gyroscope according to claim 7, characterized in that, The alarm execution module includes an audible and visual alarm unit and a load disconnection unit. In the case of electricity theft, the audible and visual alarm is triggered according to the control command, and the load disconnection action can be performed at the same time. In the case of earthquake, it only cooperates with the communication module to upload the early warning signal and does not perform the load disconnection action.

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